Citation: J. Beringer et al.

(Particle Data Group), PR D86, 010001 (2012) and 2013 partial update for the 2014 edition (URL: http://pdg.lbl.gov)

J = 1

A REVIEW GOES HERE Check our WWW List of Reviews

W MASS
The W -mass listed here corresponds to the mass parameter in a BreitWigner distribution with mass-dependent width. To obtain the world average, common systematic uncertainties between experiments are properly taken into account. The LEP-2 average W mass based on published results is 80.376 0.033 GeV [CERN-PH-EP/2006-042]. The combined Tevatron data yields an average W mass of 80.387 0.016 GeV [FERMILAB-TM2532-E]. OUR FIT uses these average LEP and Tevatron mass values and combines them assuming no correlations.
VALUE (GeV) EVTS DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT

pp E cm = 1.96 TeV pp 2 ABAZOV 80.367 0.026 1677k 12F D0 E cm = 1.96 TeV pp 3 ABAZOV 80.401 0.043 500k 09AB D0 E cm = 1.96 TeV 4 ABDALLAH 80.336 0.055 0.039 10.3k 08A DLPH E ee cm = 161209 GeV 5 80.415 0.042 0.031 11830 ABBIENDI 06 OPAL E ee cm = 170209 GeV 6 ee 80.270 0.046 0.031 9909 ACHARD 06 L3 E cm = 161209 GeV 7 SCHAEL 80.440 0.043 0.027 8692 06 ALEP E ee cm = 161209 GeV pp 8 80.483 0.084 49247 ABAZOV 02D D0 E cm = 1.8 TeV pp 9 80.433 0.079 53841 AFFOLDER 01E CDF E cm = 1.8 TeV We do not use the following data for averages, ts, limits, etc. pp 10 AALTONEN 80.413 0.034 0.034 115k 07F CDF E cm = 1.96 TeV + 0.30 1500 11 AKTAS 82.87 1.82 06 H1 e p e ( e )X , 0.16 s 300 GeV 12 CHEKANOV 02C ZEUS e p X, s = 80.3 2.1 1.2 1.0 645 e 318 GeV + 2 . 7 + 3 . 3 13 + 81.4 2.6 2.0 3.0 1086 BREITWEG 00D ZEUS e p e X, s 300 GeV 14 ALITTI 80.84 0.22 0.83 2065 92B UA2 See W /Z ratio below pp 15 ALITTI 80.79 0.31 0.84 90B UA2 E cm = 546,630 GeV pp 16 ABE 80.0 3.3 2.4 22 89I CDF E cm = 1.8 TeV pp 17 ALBAJAR 82.7 1.0 2.7 149 89 UA1 E cm = 546,630 GeV pp 6.0 18 ALBAJAR 81.8 + 46 89 UA1 E cm = 546,630 GeV 5.3 2.6 pp 19 ALBAJAR 89 3 6 32 89 UA1 E cm = 546,630 GeV 81. 5. 6 ARNISON 83 UA1 E ee cm = 546 GeV + 10 . 80. 4 BANNER 83B UA2 Repl. by ALITTI 90B 6. 80.387 0.019 1095k 1 AALTONEN 12E CDF

80.385 0.015 OUR FIT

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1 AALTONEN 12E select 470k W e decays and 625k W decays in 2.2 fb1 of Run-II data. The mass is determined using the transverse mass, transverse lepton momentum and transverse missing energy distributions, accounting for correlations. This result superseeds AALTONEN 07F. 2 ABAZOV 12F select 1677k W e decays in 4.3 fb1 of Run-II data. The mass is determined using the transverse mass and transverse lepton momentum distributions, accounting for correlations. 3 ABAZOV 09AB study the transverse mass, transverse electron momentum, and transverse missing energy in a sample of 0.5 million W e decays selected in Run-II data. The quoted result combines all three methods, accounting for correlations. 4 ABDALLAH 08A use direct reconstruction of the kinematics of W + W q q and W + W q q q q events for energies 172 GeV and above. The W mass was also extracted from the dependence of the W W cross section close to the production threshold and combined appropriately to obtain the nal result. The systematic error includes 0.025 GeV due to nal state interactions and 0.009 GeV due to LEP energy uncertainty. 5 ABBIENDI 06 use direct reconstruction of the kinematics of W + W q q and W + W q q q q events. The result quoted here is obtained combining this mass value with the results using W + W events in the energy range 183207 GeV (ABBIENDI 03C) and the dependence of the W W production cross-section on m W at threshold. The systematic error includes 0.009 GeV due to the uncertainty on the LEP beam energy. 6 ACHARD 06 use direct reconstruction of the kinematics of W + W q q and W + W q q q q events in the C.M. energy range 189209 GeV. The result quoted here is obtained combining this mass value with the results obtained from a direct W mass reconstruction at 172 and 183 GeV and with those from the dependence of the W W production cross-section on m W at 161 and 172 GeV (ACCIARRI 99). 7 SCHAEL 06 use direct reconstruction of the kinematics of W + W q q and W + W q q q q events in the C.M. energy range 183209 GeV. The result quoted here is obtained combining this mass value with those obtained from the dependence of the W pair production cross-section on m W at 161 and 172 GeV (BARATE 97 and BARATE 97S respectively). The systematic error includes 0.009 GeV due to possible eects of nal state interactions in the q q q q channel and 0.009 GeV due to the uncertainty on the LEP beam energy. 8 ABAZOV 02D improve the measurement of the W -boson mass including W e e events in which the electron is close to a boundary of a central electromagnetic calorimeter module. Properly combining the results obtained by tting mT (W ), pT (e ), and pT ( ), this sample provides a mass value of 80.574 0.405 GeV. The value reported here is a combination of this measurement with all previous D W -boson mass measurements. 9 AFFOLDER 01E t the transverse mass spectrum of 30115 W e events (M = e W 80.473 0.065 0.092 GeV) and of 14740 W events (MW = 80.465 0.100 0.103 GeV) obtained in the run IB (1994-95). Combining the electron and muon results, accounting for correlated uncertainties, yields MW = 80.470 0.089 GeV. They combine this value with their measurement of ABE 95P reported in run IA (1992-93) to obtain the quoted value. 10 AALTONEN 07F obtain high purity W e and W candidate samples e totaling 63,964 and 51,128 events respectively. The W mass value quoted above is derived by simultaneously tting the transverse mass and the lepton, and neutrino pT distributions. 11 AKTAS 06 t the Q2 dependence (300 < Q2 < 30,000 GeV2 ) of the charged-current dierential cross section with a propagator mass. The rst error is experimental and the second corresponds to uncertainties due to input parameters and model assumptions. 12 CHEKANOV 02C t the Q2 dependence (200<Q2 <60000 GeV2 ) of the charged-current dierential cross sections with a propagator mass t. The last error is due to the uncertainty on the probability density functions.

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13 BREITWEG 00D t the Q2 dependence (200 < Q2 < 22500 GeV2 ) of the chargedcurrent dierential cross sections with a propagator mass t. The last error is due to the uncertainty on the probability density functions. 14 ALITTI 92B result has two contributions to the systematic error ( 0.83); one ( 0.81) cancels in m W m Z and one ( 0.17) is noncancelling. These were added in quadrature. We choose the ALITTI 92B value without using the LEP m Z value, because we perform our own combined t. 15 There are two contributions to the systematic error ( 0.84): one ( 0.81) which cancels in m W /m Z and one ( 0.21) which is non-cancelling. These were added in quadrature. 16 ABE 89I systematic error dominated by the uncertainty in the absolute energy scale. 17 ALBAJAR 89 result is from a total sample of 299 W e events. 18 ALBAJAR 89 result is from a total sample of 67 W events. 19 ALBAJAR 89 result is from W events.

W Z MASS RATIO
VALUE EVTS DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT

0.8819 0.0012 OUR AVERAGE 0.8821 0.0011 0.0008

pp E cm = 1.8 TeV pp 2 ABBOTT 0.88114 0.00154 0.00252 5982 98P D0 E cm = 1.8 TeV pp 3 ALITTI 0.8813 0.0036 0.0019 156 92B UA2 E cm = 630 GeV 1 ABBOTT 98N obtain this from a study of 28323 W e and 3294 Z e + e e decays. Of this latter sample, 2179 events are used to calibrate the electron energy scale. 2 ABBOTT 98P obtain this from a study of 5982 W e events. The systematic error e includes an uncertainty of 0.00175 due to the electron energy scale. 3 Scale error cancels in this ratio. 28323 1 ABBOTT 98N D0

mZ mW
VALUE (GeV) DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT

pp 10.4 1.4 0.8 ALBAJAR 89 UA1 E cm = 546,630 GeV We do not use the following data for averages, ts, limits, etc. pp 11.3 1.3 0.9 ANSARI 87 UA2 E cm = 546,630 GeV

mW + mW
Test of CPT invariance.
VALUE (GeV) EVTS DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT

0.19 0.58

1722

ABE

90G CDF

pp E cm = 1.8 TeV

W WIDTH
The W width listed here corresponds to the width parameter in a BreitWigner distribution with mass-dependent width. To obtain the world average, common systematic uncertainties between experiments are properly taken into account. The LEP-2 average W width based on published results is 2.196 0.083 GeV [CERN-PH-EP/2006-042]. The combined Tevatron data yields an average W width of 2.046 0.049 GeV [FERMILABTM-2460-E].

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OUR FIT uses these average LEP and Tevatron width values and combines them assuming no correlations.
VALUE (GeV) EVTS DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT

2.085 0.042 OUR FIT 2.028 0.072 2.032 0.045 0.057

5272 6055

1 ABAZOV 2 AALTONEN 3 ABDALLAH 4 ABBIENDI 5 ACHARD 6 SCHAEL 7 ABAZOV 8 AFFOLDER

2.152 0.066 79176 D0 Extracted value 2.064 0.060 0.059 CDF Extracted value + 0 . 14 11 2.10 0.13 0.09 3559 ALITTI 92 UA2 Extracted value + 0.26 0.04 12 ALBAJAR 2.18 91 UA1 Extracted value 0.24 1 ABAZOV 09AK obtain this result tting the high-end tail (100-200 GeV) of the transverse mass spectrum in W e decays. 2 AALTONEN 08B obtain this result tting the high-end tail (90200 GeV) of the transverse mass spectrum in semileptonic W e e and W decays. 3 ABDALLAH 08A use direct reconstruction of the kinematics of W + W q q and W + W q q q q events. The systematic error includes 0.065 GeV due to nal state interactions. 4 ABBIENDI 06 use direct reconstruction of the kinematics of W + W q q and W + W q q q q events. The systematic error includes 0.003 GeV due to the uncertainty on the LEP beam energy. 5 ACHARD 06 use direct reconstruction of the kinematics of W + W q q and W + W q q q q events in the C.M. energy range 189209 GeV. The result quoted here is obtained combining this value of the width with the result obtained from a direct W mass reconstruction at 172 and 183 GeV (ACCIARRI 99). 6 SCHAEL 06 use direct reconstruction of the kinematics of W + W q q and W + W q q q q events. The systematic error includes 0.05 GeV due to possible eects of nal state interactions in the q q q q channel and 0.01 GeV due to the uncertainty on the LEP beam energy. 7 ABAZOV 02E obtain this result tting the high-end tail (90200 GeV) of the transversemass spectrum in semileptonic W e e decays. 8 AFFOLDER 00M t the high transverse mass (100200 GeV) W e and W e events to obtain (W )= 2.04 0.11(stat) 0.09(syst) GeV. This is combined with the earlier CDF measurement (ABE 95C) to obtain the quoted result. 9 ABBOTT 00B measure R = 10.43 0.27 for the W e decay channel. They use e the SM theoretical predictions for (W )/ (Z ) and (W e e ) and the world average for B(Z e e ). The value quoted here is obtained combining this result (2.169 0.070 GeV) with that of ABBOTT 99H. 10 ABE 95W measured R = 10.90 0.32 0.29. They use m =80.23 0.18 GeV, W (W )/ (Z ) = 3.35 0.03, (W e ) = 225.9 0.9 MeV, (Z e + e ) = 83.98 0.18 MeV, and (Z ) = 2.4969 0.0038 GeV.

2.404 0.140 0.101 10.3k 1.996 0.096 0.102 10729 2.18 0.11 0.09 9795 2.14 0.09 0.06 8717 + 0 . 15 2.23 0.14 0.10 294 2.05 0.10 0.08 662 We do not use the following

pp E cm = 1.96 GeV pp 08B CDF E cm = 1.96 TeV 08A DLPH E ee cm = 183209 GeV 06 OPAL E ee cm = 170209 GeV 06 L3 E ee cm = 172209 GeV 06 ALEP E ee cm = 183209 GeV 09AK D0 02E D0 Direct meas. CDF Direct meas. limits, etc.

00M data for averages, ts, 9 ABBOTT 00B 10 ABE 95W

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11 ALITTI 92 measured R = 10.4 + 0.7 0.3. The values of (Z ) and (W ) come from 0.6 O(2 ) calculations using m W = 80.14 0.27 GeV, and m Z = 91.175 0.021 GeV s along with the corresponding value of sin2 W = 0.2274. They use (W ) (Z ) = 3.26 0.07 0.05 and (Z ) = 2.487 0.010 GeV. 12 ALBAJAR 91 measured R = 9.5 + 1.1 (stat. + syst.). (W ) (Z ) is calculated in QCD 1.0 at the parton level using m W = 80.18 0.28 GeV and m Z = 91.172 0.031 GeV along with sin2 W = 0.2322 0.0014. They use (W ) (Z ) = 3.23 0.05 and (Z ) = 2.498 0.020 GeV. This measurement is obtained combining both the electron and muon channels.

W + DECAY MODES
W modes are charge conjugates of the modes below. Mode Fraction (i /) [a ] (10.80 0.09) % (10.75 0.13) % (10.57 0.15) % Condence level

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

+ e+ + + hadrons + D+ s cX cs invisible

< 8

(11.25 0.20) % (67.60 0.27) %

< 1.3

[b ]

( 1.4 2.9 ) %

(33.4 2.6 ) % 13 (31 + 11 ) %

105 103

95% 95%

[a] indicates each type of lepton (e , , and ), not sum over them. [b] This represents the width for the decay of the W boson into a charged particle with momentum below detectability, p< 200 MeV. W PARTIAL WIDTHS invisible
VALUE (MeV)

10 This represents the width for the decay of the W boson into a charged particle with momentum below detectability, p< 200 MeV.
DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT

52 1 BARATE 30 + 99I ALEP E ee cm = 161+172+183 GeV 48 33 We do not use the following data for averages, ts, limits, etc. 2 BARATE 99L ALEP E ee cm = 161+172+183 GeV 1 BARATE 99I measure this quantity using the dependence of the total cross section W W upon a change in the total width. The t is performed to the W W measured cross sections at 161, 172, and 183 GeV. This partial width is < 139 MeV at 95%CL. 2 BARATE 99L use W -pair production to search for eectively invisible W decays, tagging with the decay of the other W boson to Standard Model particles. The partial width for eectively invisible decay is < 27 MeV at 95%CL.

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W BRANCHING RATIOS
Overall ts are performed to determine the branching ratios of the W . LEP averages on W e e , W , and W , and their correlations are rst obtained by combining results from the four experiments taking properly into account the common systematics. The procedure is described in the note LEPEWWG/XSEC/2001-02, 30 March 2001, at http://lepewwg.web.cern.ch/LEPEWWG/lepww/4f/PDG01. The LEP average values so obtained, using published data, are given in the note LEPEWWG/XSEC/2005-01 accessible at http://lepewwg.web.cern.ch/ LEPEWWG/lepww/4f/PDG05/. These results, together with results from the p p colliders are then used in ts to obtain the world average W branching ratios. A rst t determines three individual leptonic branching ratios, B(W e e ), B(W ), and B(W ). This t has a 2 =7.9 for 9 degrees of freedom. The correleation coecients between the branching fractions are 0.08 (e ), 0.21 (e ), 0.14 ( ). A second t assumes lepton universality and determines the leptonic branching ratio B(W ) and the hadronic branching ratio is derived as B(W hadrons) = 13 B(W ). This t has a 2 =15.5 for 11 degrees of freedom. The LEP W data are obtained by the Collaborations using individual leptonic channels and are, therefore, not included in the overall ts to avoid double counting. Note: The LEP combination including the new OPAL results, ABBIENDI 07A, could not be performed in time for this Review. Thus, the OUR FIT values quoted below use the previous OPAL results as in ABBIENDI,G 00.

+ /total
VALUE (units 102 )

1 /
EVTS DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT

indicates average over e , , and modes, not sum over modes.

10.80 0.09 OUR FIT 10.86 0.12 0.08 10.85 0.14 0.08 10.83 0.14 0.10 10.96 0.12 0.05 We do not use the 11.02 0.52

16438 ABBIENDI 13600 ABDALLAH 11246 ACHARD 16116 SCHAEL following data for averages, 11858 1 ABBOTT 2 ABE

10.4 0.8 3642 1.8 TeV 1 ABBOTT 99H measure R [ W B(W )]/[Z B(Z )] = 10.90 0.52 combining electron and muon channels. They use MW = 80.39 0.06 GeV and the SM theoretical predictions for (W )/ (Z ) and B(Z ). 2 1216 38 + 27 W events from ABE 92I and 2426W e events of ABE 91C. 31 ABE 92I give the inverse quantity as 9.6 0.7 and we have inverted.

07A OPAL E ee cm = ee 04G DLPH E cm = 04J L3 E ee cm = 04A ALEP E ee cm = ts, limits, etc. pp 99H D0 E cm = pp 92I CDF E cm =

161209 161209 161209 183209 1.8 TeV

GeV GeV GeV GeV

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e + /total
VALUE (units 102 ) EVTS DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT

2 /
07A OPAL E ee cm = 04G DLPH E ee cm = ee 04J L3 E cm = 04A ALEP E ee cm = ts, limits, etc. pp 04D TEVA E cm =

1 ABAZOV 1.8 TeV 10.61 0.28 1 ABAZOV 04D take into account all correlations to properly combine the CDF (ABE 95W) and D (ABBOTT 00B) measurements of the ratio R in the electron channel. The ratio R is dened as [W B(W e e )] / [Z B(Z e e )]. The combination gives RT evatron = 10.59 0.23. W / Z is calculated at nexttonexttoleading order (3.360 0.051). The branching fraction B(Z e e ) is taken from this Review as (3.363 0.004)%.

10.75 0.13 OUR FIT 10.71 0.25 0.11 10.55 0.31 0.14 10.78 0.29 0.13 10.78 0.27 0.10 We do not use the

2374 ABBIENDI 1804 ABDALLAH 1576 ACHARD 2142 SCHAEL following data for averages,

161209 161209 161209 183209

GeV GeV GeV GeV

+ /total
VALUE (units 102 ) EVTS DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT

3 /
E ee cm = 161209 GeV ee E cm = 161209 GeV E ee cm = 161209 GeV E ee cm = 183209 GeV

10.57 0.15 OUR FIT 10.78 0.24 0.10 10.65 0.26 0.08 10.03 0.29 0.12 10.87 0.25 0.08

2397 1998 1423 2216

ABBIENDI ABDALLAH ACHARD SCHAEL

07A 04G 04J 04A

OPAL DLPH L3 ALEP

+ /total
VALUE (units 102 ) EVTS DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT

4 /
E ee cm = 161209 GeV ee E cm = 161209 GeV E ee cm = 161209 GeV E ee cm = 183209 GeV

11.25 0.20 OUR FIT 11.14 0.31 0.17 11.46 0.39 0.19 11.89 0.40 0.20 11.25 0.32 0.20

2177 2034 1375 2070

ABBIENDI ABDALLAH ACHARD SCHAEL

07A 04G 04J 04A

OPAL DLPH L3 ALEP

hadrons /total

5 / OUR FIT value is obtained by a t to the lepton branching ratio data assuming lepton universality.
EVTS DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT

VALUE (units 102 )

67.60 0.27 OUR FIT 67.41 0.37 0.23 67.45 0.41 0.24 67.50 0.42 0.30 67.13 0.37 0.15

16438 13600 11246 16116

ABBIENDI ABDALLAH ACHARD SCHAEL

07A 04G 04J 04A

OPAL DLPH L3 ALEP

E ee cm = 161209 GeV E ee cm = 161209 GeV E ee cm = 161209 GeV E ee cm = 183209 GeV

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+ / e +
VALUE EVTS DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT

3 /2
13k 1 ABACHI 95D D0

0.983 0.018 OUR FIT 0.89 0.10

+ 0.6 1.24 14 ARNISON 84D UA1 Repl. by ALBAJAR 89 0.4 1 ABACHI 95D obtain this result from the measured B(W )= 2.09 0.23 W 0.11 nb and W B(W e )= 2.36 0.07 0.13 nb in which the rst error is the combined statistical and systematic uncertainty, the second reects the uncertainty in the luminosity. 2 ABE 92I obtain B(W )= 2.21 0.07 0.21 and combine with ABE 91C W W B((W e )) to give a ratio of the couplings from which we derive this measurement.

pp E cm = 1.8 TeV pp 2 ABE 1.02 0.08 1216 92I CDF E cm = 1.8 TeV pp 1.00 0.14 0.08 67 ALBAJAR 89 UA1 E cm = 546,630 GeV We do not use the following data for averages, ts, limits, etc.

+ / e +
VALUE EVTS DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT

4 /2
980 1 ABBOTT 00D D0

1.046 0.023 OUR FIT 0.961 0.061

0.995 0.112 0.083 198 ALITTI 91C UA2 Repl. by ALITTI 92F 1.02 0.20 0.10 32 ALBAJAR 87 UA1 Repl. by ALBAJAR 89 1 ABBOTT 00D measure B(W ) = 2.22 0.09 0.10 0.10 nb. Using the W ABBOTT 00B result W B(W e e ) = 2.31 0.01 0.05 0.10 nb, they quote the ratio of the couplings from which we derive this measurement. 2 ABE 92E use two procedures for selecting W events. The missing E trigger T leads to 132 14 8 events and the trigger to 47 9 4 events. Proper statistical and systematic correlations are taken into account to arrive at B(W ) = 2.05 0.27 nb. Combined with ABE 91C result on B(W e ), ABE 92E quote a ratio of the couplings from which we derive this measurement. 3 This measurement is derived by us from the ratio of the couplings of ALITTI 92F.

pp E cm = 1.8 TeV pp 2 ABE 0.94 0.14 179 92E CDF E cm = 1.8 TeV pp 3 ALITTI 1.04 0.08 0.08 754 92F UA2 E cm = 630 GeV pp 1.02 0.20 0.12 32 ALBAJAR 89 UA1 E cm = 546,630 GeV We do not use the following data for averages, ts, limits, etc.

+ / e +
VALUE CL% DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT

6 /2
95 95 ABE 1 ALITTI 98H CDF 92D UA2 90 UA1 pp E cm = 1.8 TeV pp E cm = 630 GeV pp E cm = 546, 630 GeV

< 7 104 < 4.9 103

2 ALBAJAR <58 103 95 1 ALITTI 92D limit is 3.8 103 at 90%CL. 2 ALBAJAR 90 obtain < 0.048 at 90%CL.

+ D+ s / e
VALUE CL% DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT

7 /2
95 ABE 98P CDF pp E cm = 1.8 TeV

<1.2 102

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c X / hadrons
VALUE EVTS DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT

8 /5

0.49 0.04 OUR AVERAGE 1 ABBIENDI 0.481 0.042 0.032 3005 00V OPAL E ee cm = 183 + 189 GeV 2 0.51 0.05 0.03 746 BARATE 99M ALEP E ee cm = 172 + 183 GeV 1 ABBIENDI 00V tag W c X decays using measured jet properties, lifetime information, and leptons produced in charm decays. From this result, and using the additional measurements of (W ) and B(W hadrons), Vc s is determined to be 0.969 0.045 0.036. 2 BARATE 99M tag c jets using a neural network algorithm. From this measurement V cs is determined to be 1.00 0.11 0.07.

Rc s = c s / hadrons
VALUE DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT

9 /5
1 ABREU 98N DLPH E ee cm = 161+172 GeV

+ 0.18 0.07 0.46 0.14

1 ABREU 98N tag c and s jets by identifying a charged kaon as the highest momentum particle in a hadronic jet. They also use a lifetime tag to independently identify a c jet, based on the impact parameter distribution of charged particles in a jet. From this + 0.32 0.13. measurement Vc s is determined to be 0.94 0.26

AVERAGE PARTICLE MULTIPLICITIES IN HADRONIC W DECAY

Summed over particle and antiparticle, when appropriate.

N
VALUE DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT

1 ABREU,P 15.70 0.35 00F DLPH E ee cm = 189 GeV 1 ABREU,P 00F measure N = 31.65 0.48 0.76 and 15.51 0.38 0.40 in the fully hadronic and semileptonic nal states respectively. The value quoted is a weighted average without assuming any correlations.

NK
VALUE DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT

1 ABREU,P 2.20 0.19 00F DLPH E ee cm = 189 GeV 1 ABREU,P 00F measure N = 4.38 0.42 0.12 and 2.23 0.32 0.17 in the K fully hadronic and semileptonic nal states respectively. The value quoted is a weighted average without assuming any correlations.

Np
VALUE DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT

1 ABREU,P 0.92 0.14 00F DLPH E ee cm = 189 GeV 1 ABREU,P 00F measure N p = 1.82 0.29 0.16 and 0.94 0.23 0.06 in the fully hadronic and semileptonic nal states respectively. The value quoted is a weighted average without assuming any correlations.

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Ncharged
VALUE DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT

19.39 0.08 OUR AVERAGE 1 ABBIENDI 19.38 0.05 0.08 06A OPAL E ee cm = 189209 GeV 2 ABREU,P 19.44 0.17 00F DLPH E ee cm = 183+189 GeV 3 ee 19.3 0.3 0.3 ABBIENDI 99N OPAL E cm = 183 GeV 4 19.23 0.74 ABREU 98C DLPH E ee cm = 172 GeV 1 ABBIENDI 06A measure N charged = 38.74 0.12 0.26 when both W bosons decay hadronically and Ncharged = 19.39 0.11 0.09 when one W boson decays semileptonically. The value quoted here is obtained under the assumption that there is no color reconnection between W bosons; the value is a weighted average taking into account correlations in the systematic uncertainties. 2 ABREU,P 00F measure N charged = 39.12 0.33 0.36 and 38.11 0.57 0.44 in the fully hadronic nal states at 189 and 183 GeV respectively, and Ncharged = 19.49 0.31 0.27 and 19.78 0.49 0.43 in the semileptonic nal states. The value quoted is a weighted average without assuming any correlations. 3 ABBIENDI 99N use the nal states W + W q q to derive this value. 4 ABREU 98C combine results from both the fully hadronic as well semileptonic W W nal states after demonstrating that the W decay charged multiplicity is independent of the topology within errors.

TRIPLE GAUGE COUPLINGS (TGCS)

A REVIEW GOES HERE Check our WWW List of Reviews

gZ 1
OUR FIT below is obtained by combining the measurements taking into account properly the common systematic errors (see LEPEWWG/TGC/2005-01 at http://lepewwg.web.cern.ch/LEPEWWG/lepww/tgc).
EVTS DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT

VALUE

2 SCHAEL 1.001 0.027 0.013 9310 + 0.034 3 ABBIENDI 0.987 9800 0.033 + 0.034 0.015 8325 4 ACHARD 0.966 04D L3 E ee cm = 161209 GeV 0.032 We do not use the following data for averages, ts, limits, etc. pp 5 AAD 12AC ATLS E cm = 7 TeV pp 6 AAD 12CD ATLS E cm = 7 TeV pp 7 AALTONEN 12AC CDF E cm = 1.96 TeV pp 8 ABAZOV 12AG D0 E cm = 1.96 TeV pp 9 ABAZOV 34 11 D0 E cm = 1.96 TeV pp 10 AALTONEN 334 10K CDF E cm = 1.96 TeV pp 11 ABAZOV 1.04 0.09 09AD D0 E cm = 1.96 TeV

+ 0.033 0.975 0.030

+ 0.022 OUR FIT 0.984 0.019 7872

1 ABDALLAH

10

DLPH E ee cm = 189209 GeV ee 05A ALEP E cm = 183209 GeV 04D OPAL E ee cm = 183209 GeV

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12 ABAZOV + 0.08 1.07 0.12 1880 13 2.3 0.98 0.07 0.01 2114 331 13 ABDALLAH 14 ABAZOV 15 ABAZOV 16 ABREU 17 ABBOTT

09AJ D0

pp E cm = 1.96 TeV

08C DLPH Superseded by ABDALLAH 10 pp 07Z D0 E cm = 1.96 TeV pp 05S D0 E cm = 1.96 TeV 01I DLPH E ee cm = 183+189 GeV pp 99I D0 E cm = 1.8 TeV

1 ABDALLAH 10 use data on the nal states e + e j j , j j j j , j j X , X , at centerof-mass energies between 189209 GeV at LEP2, where j = jet, = lepton, and X represents missing momentum. The t is carried out keeping all other parameters xed at their SM values. 2 SCHAEL 05A study singlephoton, singleW , and W W pair production from 183 to 209 GeV. The result quoted here is derived from the W W pair production sample. Each parameter is determined from a singleparameter t in which the other parameters assume their Standard Model values. 3 ABBIENDI 04D combine results from W + W in all decay channels. Only CP-conserving couplings are considered and each parameter is determined from a single-parameter t in which the other parameters assume their Standard Model values. The 95% condence interval is 0.923 < g Z < 1.054. 1 4 ACHARD 04D study W W pair production, singleW production and singlephoton production with missing energy from 189 to 209 GeV. The result quoted here is obtained from the W W pair production sample including data from 161 to 183 GeV, ACCIARRI 99Q. Each parameter is determined from a singleparameter t in which the other parameters assume their Standard Model values. 5 AAD 12AC study W W production in p p collisions and select 325 W W candidates in decays modes with electrons or muons with an expected background of 83.5 6.9 events. Fitting to the transverse momentum distribution of the leading charged lepton, the resulting 95% C.L. range is: 0.948 < g Z < 1.082. 1 6 AAD 12CD study W Z production in p p collisions and select 317 W Z candidates in three decay modes with an expected background of 68.0 7.6 events. The resulting 95% Z < 1.093. Supersedes AAD 12V. C.L. range is: 0.943 < g1 7 AALTONEN 12AC study W Z production in p p collisions and select 63 W Z candidates in three decay modes with an expected background of 7.9 1.0 events. Based on the cross section and shape of the Z transverse momentum spectrum, the following 95% C.L. range is reported: 0.92 < g Z < 1.20 for a form factor of = 2 TeV. 1 8 ABAZOV 12AG combine new results with already published results on W , W W and W Z production in order to determine the couplings with increased precision, superseeding ABAZOV 08R, ABAZOV 11AC, ABAZOV 09AJ, ABAZOV 09AD. The 68% C.L. result for + 0.032 . a formfactor cuto of = 2 TeV is g Z = 1.022 0.030 1 9 ABAZOV 11 study the p p 3 process arising in W Z production. They observe 34 W Z candidates with an estimated background of 6 events. An analysis of the pT spectrum of the Z boson leads to a 95% C.L. limit of 0.944 < g Z < 1.154, for a form 1 factor = 2 TeV. 10 AALTONEN 10K study p p W + W with W e / . The p of the leading T (second) lepton is required to be > 20 (10) GeV. The nal number of events selected is 654 of which 320 47 are estimated to be background. The 95% C.L. interval is 0.76 Z < 1.34 for = 1.5 TeV and 0.78 < g Z < 1.30 for = 2 TeV. < g1 1 11 ABAZOV 09AD study the p p 2jet process arising in W W and W Z production. They select 12,473 (14,392) events in the electron (muon) channel with an expected di-boson signal of 436 (527) events. The results on the anomalous couplings are derived from an analysis of the pT spectrum of the 2-jet system and quoted at 68% C.L. and

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for a form factor of 2 TeV. This measurement is not used for obtaining the mean as it is for a specic form factor. The 95% condence interval is 0.88 < g Z < 1.20. 1 12 ABAZOV 09AJ study the p p 2 2 process arising in W W production. They select 100 events with an expected W W signal of 65 events. An analysis of the pT spectrum of the two charged leptons leads to 95% C.L. limits of 0.86 < g Z < 1.3, for a form 1 factor = 2 TeV. 13 ABDALLAH 08C determine this triple gauge coupling from the measurement of the spin density matrix elements in e + e W + W (q q ) ( ), where = e or . Values of all other couplings are xed to their standard model values. 14 ABAZOV 07Z set limits on anomalous TGCs using the measured cross section and p (Z ) T distribution in W Z production with both the W and the Z decaying leptonically into electrons and muons. Setting the other couplings to their standard model values, the 95% C.L. limit for a form factor scale = 2 TeV is 0.86 < g Z < 1.35. 1 15 ABAZOV 05S study p p W Z production with a subsequent trilepton decay to ( and = e or ). Three events (estimated background 0.71 0.08 events) with W Z decay characteristics are observed from which they derive limits on the anomalous W W Z couplings. The 95% CL limit for a form factor scale = 1.5 TeV is 0.51 < g Z < 1 1.66, xing Z and Z to their Standard Model values. 16 ABREU 01I combine results from e + e interactions at 189 GeV leading to W + W and W e e nal states with results from ABREU 99L at 183 GeV. The 95% condence interval is 0.84 < g Z < 1.13. 1 17 ABBOTT 99I perform a simultaneous t to the W , W W dilepton, W W /W Z e j j , W W /W Z j j , and W Z trilepton data samples. For = 2.0 TeV, the 95%CL limits are 0.63 < g Z < 1.57, xing Z and Z to their Standard Model values, 1 and assuming Standard Model values for the W W couplings.

OUR FIT below is obtained by combining the measurements taking into account properly the common systematic errors (see LEPEWWG/TGC/2005-01 at http://lepewwg.web.cern.ch/LEPEWWG/lepww/tgc).
EVTS DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT

VALUE

0.971 0.055 0.030 10689 + 0.09 0.88 9800 0.08 + 0.067 0.026 1.013 10575 0.064 We do not use the following

+ 0.077 1.024 0.081

+ 0.044 OUR FIT 0.973 0.045 7872

1 ABDALLAH 2 SCHAEL 3 ABBIENDI 4 ACHARD

10

DLPH E ee cm = 189209 GeV 05A ALEP E ee cm = 183209 GeV 04D OPAL E ee cm = 183209 GeV 04D L3 E ee cm = 161209 GeV

334 53 + 0.26 1.07 0.29

data for averages, ts, limits, etc. pp 5 AAD 12BX ATLS E cm = 7 TeV pp 6 ABAZOV 12AG D0 E cm = 1.96 TeV pp 7 ABAZOV 11AC D0 E cm = 1.96 TeV 8 CHATRCHYAN 11M CMS E pp = 7 TeV cm pp 9 AALTONEN 10K CDF E cm = 1.96 TeV ep 10 AARON 09B H1 E cm = 0.3 TeV pp 11 ABAZOV 09AD D0 E cm = 1.96 TeV pp 12 ABAZOV 09AJ D0 E cm = 1.96 TeV

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13 ABAZOV + 0.17 0.68 0.15 1880 1617 17 141 + 0.21 0.06 1.25 0.20 0.92 0.34 2298 14 ABDALLAH 15 AALTONEN 16 ABAZOV 17 ABAZOV 18 ABREU 19 BREITWEG 331 20 ABBOTT

08R D0

pp E cm = 1.96 TeV

08C DLPH Superseded by ABDALLAH 10 pp 07L CDF E cm = 1.96 GeV pp 06H D0 E cm = 1.96 TeV pp 05J D0 E cm = 1.96 TeV 01I DLPH E ee cm = 183+189 GeV + 00 ZEUS e p e + W X, s 300 GeV pp 99I D0 E cm = 1.8 TeV

1 ABDALLAH 10 use data on the nal states e + e j j , j j j j , j j X , X , at centerof-mass energies between 189209 GeV at LEP2, where j = jet, = lepton, and X represents missing momentum. The t is carried out keeping all other parameters xed at their SM values. 2 SCHAEL 05A study singlephoton, singleW , and W W pair production from 183 to 209 GeV. Each parameter is determined from a singleparameter t in which the other parameters assume their Standard Model values. 3 ABBIENDI 04D combine results from W + W in all decay channels. Only CP-conserving couplings are considered and each parameter is determined from a single-parameter t in which the other parameters assume their Standard Model values. The 95% condence interval is 0.73 < < 1.07. 4 ACHARD 04D study W W pair production, singleW production and singlephoton production with missing energy from 189 to 209 GeV. The result quoted here is obtained including data from 161 to 183 GeV, ACCIARRI 99Q. Each parameter is determined from a singleparameter t in which the other parameters assume their Standard Model values. 5 AAD 12BX study W production in p p collisions and select 185 W candidates where the W decays to electron or muon plus neutrino, and the photon has a transverse energy larger than 100 GeV. The expected background is 48.7 6.3 events. The resulting 95% C.L. range is: 0.67 < < 1.37. 6 ABAZOV 12AG combine new results with already published results on W , W W and W Z production in order to determine the couplings with increased precision, superseeding ABAZOV 08R, ABAZOV 11AC, ABAZOV 09AJ, ABAZOV 09AD. The 68% C.L. result for + 0.106 . a formfactor cuto of = 2 TeV is = 1.048 0.105 7 ABAZOV 11AC study W production in p p collisions at 1.96 TeV, with the W decay products containing an electron or a muon. They select 196 (363) events in the electron (muon) mode, with a SM expectation of 190 (372) events. A likelihood t to the photon E T spectrum above 15 GeV yields at 95% C.L. the result: 0.6 < < 1.4 for a formfactor = 2 TeV. 8 CHATRCHYAN 11M study W production in p p collisions at s = 7 TeV using 36 pb1 p p data with the W decaying to electron and muon. The total cross section is measured for photon transverse energy E > 10 GeV and spatial separation from charged leptons T in the plane of pseudo rapidity and azimuthal angle R (, )> 0.7. The number of candidate (background) events is 452 (228 21) for the electron channel and 520 (277 25) for the muon channel. Setting other couplings to their standard model value, they derive a 95% CL limit of 0.11 < < 2.04. 9 AALTONEN 10K study p p W + W with W e / . The p of the leading T (second) lepton is required to be > 20 (10) GeV. The nal number of events selected is 654 of which 320 47 are estimated to be background. The 95% C.L. interval is 0.37 < < 1.72 for = 1.5 TeV and 0.43 < < 1.65 for = 2 TeV. 10 AARON 09B study single-W production in e p collisions at 0.3 TeV C.M. energy. They select 53 W e / events with a standard model expectation of 54.1 7.4 events.

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Fitting the transverse momentum spectrum of the hadronic recoil system they obtain a 95% C.L. limit of 3.7 < < 1.5 or 0.3< <1.5, where the ambiguity is due to the quadratic dependence of the cross section to the coupling parameter. 11 ABAZOV 09AD study the p p 2jet process arising in W W and W Z production. They select 12,473 (14,392) events in the electron (muon) channel with an expected di-boson signal of 436 (527) events. The results on the anomalous couplings are derived from an analysis of the pT spectrum of the 2-jet system and quoted at 68% C.L. and for a form factor of 2 TeV. This measurement is not used for obtaining the mean as it is for a specic form factor. The 95% condence interval is 0.56 < < 1.55. 12 ABAZOV 09AJ study the p p 2 2 process arising in W W production. They select 100 events with an expected W W signal of 65 events. An analysis of the pT spectrum of the two charged leptons leads to 95% C.L. limits of 0.46 < < 1.83, for a form factor = 2 TeV. 13 ABAZOV 08R use 0.7 fb1 p p data at s = 1.96 TeV to select 263 W + X events, of which 187 constitute signal, with the W decaying into an electron or a muon, which is required to be well separated from a photon with E T > 9 GeV. A likelihood t to the photon E T spectrum yields a 95% CL limit 0.49 < < 1.51 with other couplings xed to their Standard Model values. 14 ABDALLAH 08C determine this triple gauge coupling from the measurement of the spin density matrix elements in e + e W + W (q q ) ( ), where = e or . Values of all other couplings are xed to their standard model values. 15 AALTONEN 07L set limits on anomalous TGCs using the p (W ) distribution in W W T and W Z production with the W decaying to an electron or muon and the Z to 2 jets. Setting other couplings to their standard model value, the 95% C.L. limits are 0.54 < < 1.39 for a form factor scale = 1.5 TeV. 16 ABAZOV 06H study p p W W production with a subsequent decay W W e + e e e , W W e e or W W + . The 95% C.L. limit for a form factor scale = 1 TeV is 0.05 < <2.29, xing =0. With the assumption that the W W and W W Z couplings are equal the 95% C.L. one-dimensional limit ( = 2 TeV) is 0.68 < < 1.45. 17 ABAZOV 05J perform a likelihood t to the photon E spectrum of W + X events, T where the W decays to an electron or muon which is required to be well separated from the photon. For = 2.0 TeV the 95% CL limits are 0.12 < < 1.96. In the t is kept xed to its Standard Model value. 18 ABREU 01I combine results from e + e interactions at 189 GeV leading to W + W , W e e , and nal states with results from ABREU 99L at 183 GeV. The 95% condence interval is 0.87 < < 1.68. 19 BREITWEG 00 search for W production in events with large hadronic p . For p >20 T T GeV, the upper limit on the cross section gives the 95%CL limit 3.7 < < 2.5 (for =0). 20 ABBOTT 99I perform a simultaneous t to the W , W W dilepton, W W /W Z e j j , W W /W Z j j , and W Z trilepton data samples. For = 2.0 TeV, the 95%CL limits are 0.75 < < 1.39.

OUR FIT below is obtained by combining the measurements taking into account properly the common systematic errors (see LEPEWWG/TGC/2005-01 at http://lepewwg.web.cern.ch/LEPEWWG/lepww/tgc).

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VALUE

EVTS

DOCUMENT ID

TECN

COMMENT

0.002 0.035 7872 0.012 0.027 0.011 10689 + 0.034 0.060 9800 0.033 + 0.035 0.017 10575 0.021 0.034 We do not use the following

+ 0.020 OUR FIT 0.028 0.021

1 ABDALLAH 2 SCHAEL 3 ABBIENDI 4 ACHARD

10 DLPH E ee cm = 189209 GeV ee 05A ALEP E cm = 183209 GeV 04D OPAL E ee cm = 183209 GeV 04D L3 E ee cm = 161209 GeV

53 0.00 0.06

data for averages, ts, limits, etc. pp 5 AAD 12BX ATLS E cm = 7 TeV pp 6 ABAZOV 12AG D0 E cm = 1.96 TeV pp 7 ABAZOV 11AC D0 E cm = 1.96 TeV 8 CHATRCHYAN 11M CMS E pp = 7 TeV cm ep 9 AARON 09B H1 E cm = 0.3 TeV pp 10 ABAZOV 09AD D0 E cm = 1.96 TeV pp 11 ABAZOV 09AJ D0 E cm = 1.96 TeV pp 12 ABAZOV 08R D0 E cm = 1.96 TeV 08C DLPH Superseded by ABDALLAH 10 pp 07L CDF E cm = 1.96 GeV pp 06H D0 E cm = 1.96 TeV pp 05J D0 E cm = 1.96 TeV 01I DLPH E ee cm = 183+189 GeV + 00 ZEUS e p e + W X, s 300 GeV pp 99I D0 E cm = 1.8 TeV

+ 0.12 0.16 0.13

1880 1617 17 141

13 ABDALLAH 14 AALTONEN 15 ABAZOV 16 ABAZOV 17 ABREU 18 BREITWEG

0.05 0.09 0.01

2298

+ 0.10 19 ABBOTT 0.00 331 0.09 1 ABDALLAH 10 use data on the nal states e + e j j , j j j j , j j X , X , at centerof-mass energies between 189209 GeV at LEP2, where j = jet, = lepton, and X represents missing momentum. The t is carried out keeping all other parameters xed at their SM values. 2 SCHAEL 05A study singlephoton, singleW , and W W pair production from 183 to 209 GeV. Each parameter is determined from a singleparameter t in which the other parameters assume their Standard Model values. 3 ABBIENDI 04D combine results from W + W in all decay channels. Only CP-conserving couplings are considered and each parameter is determined from a single-parameter t in which the other parameters assume their Standard Model values. The 95% condence interval is 0.13 < < 0.01. 4 ACHARD 04D study W W pair production, singleW production and singlephoton production with missing energy from 189 to 209 GeV. The result quoted here is obtained including data from 161 to 183 GeV, ACCIARRI 99Q. Each parameter is determined from a singleparameter t in which the other parameters assume their Standard Model values. 5 AAD 12BX study W production in p p collisions and select 185 W candidates where the W decays to electron or muon plus neutrino, and the photon has a transverse energy larger than 100 GeV. The expected background is 48.7 6.3 events. The resulting 95% C.L. range is: 0.060 < < 0.060.

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6 ABAZOV 12AG combine new results with already published results on W , W W and W Z production in order to determine the couplings with increased precision, superseeding ABAZOV 08R, ABAZOV 11AC, ABAZOV 09AJ, ABAZOV 09AD. The 68% C.L. result for + 0.021 . a formfactor cuto of = 2 TeV is = 0.007 0.022 7 ABAZOV 11AC study W production in p p collisions at 1.96 TeV, with the W decay products containing an electron or a muon. They select 196 (363) events in the electron (muon) mode, with a SM expectation of 190 (372) events. A likelihood t to the photon E T spectrum above 15 GeV yields at 95% C.L. the result: 0.08 < < 0.07 for a formfactor = 2 TeV. 8 CHATRCHYAN 11M study W production in p p collisions at s = 7 TeV using 36 pb1 p p data with the W decaying to electron and muon. The total cross section is measured for photon transverse energy E > 10 GeV and spatial separation from charged leptons T in the plane of pseudo rapidity and azimuthal angle R (, )> 0.7. The number of candidate (background) events is 452 (228 21) for the electron channel and 520 (277 25) for the muon channel. Setting other couplings to their standard model value, they derive a 95% CL limit of 0.18 < < 0.17. 9 AARON 09B study single-W production in e p collisions at 0.3 TeV C.M. energy. They select 53 W e / events with a standard model expectation of 54.1 7.4 events. Fitting the transverse momentum spectrum of the hadronic recoil system they obtain a 95% C.L. limit of 2.5 < < 2.5. 10 ABAZOV 09AD study the p p 2jet process arising in W W and W Z production. They select 12,473 (14,392) events in the electron (muon) channel with an expected di-boson signal of 436 (527) events. The results on the anomalous couplings are derived from an analysis of the pT spectrum of the 2-jet system and quoted at 68% C.L. and for a form factor of 2 TeV. This measurement is not used for obtaining the mean as it is for a specic form factor. The 95% condence interval is 0.10 < < 0.11. 11 ABAZOV 09AJ study the p p 2 2 process arising in W W production. They select 100 events with an expected W W signal of 65 events. An analysis of the pT spectrum of the two charged leptons leads to 95% C.L. limits of 0.14 < < 0.18, for a form factor = 2 TeV. 12 ABAZOV 08R use 0.7 fb1 p p data at s = 1.96 TeV to select 263 W + X events, of which 187 constitute signal, with the W decaying into an electron or a muon, which is required to be well separated from a photon with E T > 9 GeV. A likelihood t to the photon E T spectrum yields a 95% CL limit 0.12 < < 0.13 with other couplings xed to their Standard Model values. 13 ABDALLAH 08C determine this triple gauge coupling from the measurement of the spin density matrix elements in e + e W + W (q q ) ( ), where = e or . Values of all other couplings are xed to their standard model values. 14 AALTONEN 07L set limits on anomalous TGCs using the p (W ) distribution in W W T and W Z production with the W decaying to an electron or muon and the Z to 2 jets. Setting other couplings to their standard model value, the 95% C.L. limits are 0.18 < < 0.17 for a form factor scale = 1.5 TeV. 15 ABAZOV 06H study p p W W production with a subsequent decay W W e + e e e , W W e e or W W + . The 95% C.L. limit for a form factor scale = 1 TeV is 0.97 < < 1.04, xing =1. With the assumption that the W W and W W Z couplings are equal the 95% C.L. one-dimensional limit ( = 2 TeV) is 0.29 < < 0.30. 16 ABAZOV 05J perform a likelihood t to the photon E spectrum of W + X events, T where the W decays to an electron or muon which is required to be well separated from the photon. For = 2.0 TeV the 95% CL limits are 0.20 < < 0.20. In the t is kept xed to its Standard Model value. 17 ABREU 01I combine results from e + e interactions at 189 GeV leading to W + W , W e e , and nal states with results from ABREU 99L at 183 GeV. The 95% condence interval is 0.11 < < 0.23.

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18 BREITWEG 00 search for W production in events with large hadronic p . For p >20 T T GeV, the upper limit on the cross section gives the 95%CL limit 3.2 < < 3.2 for xed to its Standard Model value. 19 ABBOTT 99I perform a simultaneous t to the W , W W dilepton, W W /W Z e j j , W W /W Z j j , and W Z trilepton data samples. For = 2.0 TeV, the 95%CL limits are 0.18 < < 0.19.

Z
This coupling is CP-conserving (C- and P- separately conserving).
VALUE EVTS DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT

+ 0.059 0.024 1 ACHARD 0.924 7171 04D L3 E ee cm = 189209 GeV 0.056 We do not use the following data for averages, ts, limits, etc. pp 2 AAD 12AC ATLS E cm = 7 TeV pp 3 AAD 12CD ATLS E cm = 7 TeV pp 4 AALTONEN 12AC CDF E cm = 1.96 TeV pp 5 ABAZOV 34 11 D0 E cm = 1.96 TeV pp 6 ABAZOV 17 06H D0 E cm = 1.96 TeV pp 7 ABAZOV 2.3 05S D0 E cm = 1.96 TeV 1 ACHARD 04D study W W pair production, singleW production and singlephoton production with missing energy from 189 to 209 GeV. The result quoted here is obtained using the W W pair production sample. Each parameter is determined from a single parameter t in which the other parameters assume their Standard Model values. 2 AAD 12AC study W W production in p p collisions and select 325 W W candidates in decays modes with electrons or muons with an expected background of 83.5 6.9 events. Fitting to the transverse momentum distribution of the leading charged lepton, the resulting 95% C.L. range is: 0.929 < Z < 1.071. 3 AAD 12CD study W Z production in p p collisions and select 317 W Z candidates in three decay modes with an expected background of 68.0 7.6 events. The resulting 95% C.L. range is: 0.63 < Z < 1.57. Supersedes AAD 12V. 4 AALTONEN 12AC study W Z production in p p collisions and select 63 W Z candidates in three decay modes with an expected background of 7.9 1.0 events. Based on the cross section and shape of the Z transverse momentum spectrum, the following 95% C.L. range is reported: 0.61 < Z < 1.90 for a form factor of = 2 TeV. 5 ABAZOV 11 study the p p 3 process arising in W Z production. They observe 34 W Z candidates with an estimated background of 6 events. An analysis of the pT spectrum of the Z boson leads to a 95% C.L. limit of 0.600 < Z < 1.675, for a form factor = 2 TeV. 6 ABAZOV 06H study p p W W production with a subsequent decay W W e + e e e , W W e e or W W + . The 95% C.L. limit for a form factor scale = 2 TeV is 0.55 < Z < 1.55, xing Z =0. With the assumption that the W W and W W Z couplings are equal the 95% C.L. one-dimensional limit ( = 2 TeV) is 0.68 < < 1.45. 7 ABAZOV 05S study p p W Z production with a subsequent trilepton decay to ( and = e or ). Three events (estimated background 0.71 0.08 events) with W Z decay characteristics are observed from which they derive limits on the anomalous W W Z couplings. The 95% CL limit for a form factor scale = 1 TeV is 1.0 < Z < 3.4, xing Z and g Z to their Standard Model values. 1

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Z
This coupling is CP-conserving (C- and P- separately conserving).
VALUE EVTS DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT

+ 0.060 0.023 1 ACHARD 0.088 7171 04D L3 E ee cm = 189209 GeV 0.057 We do not use the following data for averages, ts, limits, etc. pp 2 AAD 12AC ATLS E cm = 7 TeV pp 3 AAD 12CD ATLS E cm = 7 TeV pp 4 AALTONEN 12AC CDF E cm = 1.96 TeV pp 5 ABAZOV 34 11 D0 E cm = 1.96 TeV pp 6 AALTONEN 10K CDF 334 E cm = 1.96 TeV pp 7 ABAZOV 13 07Z D0 E cm = 1.96 TeV pp 8 ABAZOV 17 06H D0 E cm = 1.96 TeV pp 9 ABAZOV 2.3 05S D0 E cm = 1.96 TeV 1 ACHARD 04D study W W pair production, singleW production and singlephoton production with missing energy from 189 to 209 GeV. The result quoted here is obtained using the W W pair production sample. Each parameter is determined from a single parameter t in which the other parameters assume their Standard Model values. 2 AAD 12AC study W W production in p p collisions and select 325 W W candidates in decays modes with electrons or muons with an expected background of 83.5 6.9 events. Fitting to the transverse momentum distribution of the leading charged lepton, the resulting 95% C.L. range is: 0.079 < Z < 0.077. 3 AAD 12CD study W Z production in p p collisions and select 317 W Z candidates in three decay modes with an expected background of 68.0 7.6 events. The resulting 95% C.L. range is: 0.046 < Z < 0.047. Supersedes AAD 12V. 4 AALTONEN 12AC study W Z production in p p collisions and select 63 W Z candidates in three decay modes with an expected background of 7.9 1.0 events. Based on the cross section and shape of the Z transverse momentum spectrum, the following 95% C.L. range is reported: 0.08 < Z < 0.10 for a form factor of = 2 TeV. 5 ABAZOV 11 study the p p 3 process arising in W Z production. They observe 34 W Z candidates with an estimated background of 6 events. An analysis of the pT spectrum of the Z boson leads to a 95% C.L. limit of 0.077 < Z < 0.093, for a form factor = 2 TeV. 6 AALTONEN 10K study p p W + W with W e / . The p of the leading T (second) lepton is required to be > 20 (10) GeV. The nal number of events selected is 654 of which 320 47 are estimated to be background. The 95% C.L. interval is 0.16 < Z < 0.16 for = 1.5 TeV and 0.14 < Z < 0.15 for = 2 TeV. 7 ABAZOV 07Z set limits on anomalous TGCs using the measured cross section and p (Z ) T distribution in W Z production with both the W and the Z decaying leptonically into electrons and muons. Setting the other couplings to their standard model values, the 95% C.L. limit for a form factor scale = 2 TeV is 0.17 < Z < 0.21. 8 ABAZOV 06H study p p W W production with a subsequent decay W W e + e e e , W W e e or W W + . The 95% C.L. limit for a form factor scale = 2 TeV is 0.39 < Z < 0.39, xing Z =1. With the assumption that the W W and W W Z couplings are equal the 95% C.L. one-dimensional limit ( = 2 TeV) is 0.29 < < 0.30. 9 ABAZOV 05S study p p W Z production with a subsequent trilepton decay to ( and = e or ). Three events (estimated background 0.71 0.08 events) with W Z decay characteristics are observed from which they derive limits on the anomalous W W Z couplings. The 95% CL limit for a form factor scale = 1.5 TeV is 0.48 < Z < 0.48, xing g Z and Z to their Standard Model values. 1

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gZ 5
VALUE

This coupling is CP-conserving but C- and P-violating.

EVTS DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT

0.93 0.09 OUR AVERAGE Error includes scale factor of 1.1. + 0.13 1 ABBIENDI 0.96 9800 04D OPAL E ee cm = 183209 GeV 0.12 2 ACHARD 1.00 0.13 0.05 7171 04D L3 E ee cm = 189209 GeV + 0.23 0.12 3 ACCIARRI 0.56 1154 99Q L3 E ee cm = 161+172+ 183 GeV 0.22 We do not use the following data for averages, ts, limits, etc. 4 EBOLI 0.84 0.23 00 THEO LEP1, SLC+ Tevatron

1 ABBIENDI 04D combine results from W + W in all decay channels. Only CP-conserving couplings are considered and each parameter is determined from a single-parameter t in which the other parameters assume their Standard Model values. The 95% condence interval is 0.72 <gZ < 1.21. 5 2 ACHARD 04D study W W pair production, singleW production and singlephoton production with missing energy from 189 to 209 GeV. The result quoted here is obtained using the W W pair production sample. Each parameter is determined from a single parameter t in which the other parameters assume their Standard Model values. 3 ACCIARRI 99Q study W -pair, single-W , and single photon events. 4 EBOLI 00 extract this indirect value of the coupling studying the non-universal one-loop contributions to the experimental value of the Z b b width (=1 TeV is assumed). This coupling is CP-violating (C-violating and P-conserving).
EVTS DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT

gZ 4
VALUE

0.30 0.17 OUR AVERAGE + 0.19 1 ABDALLAH 0.39 1880 08C DLPH E ee cm = 189209 GeV 0.20 + 0.32 2 ABBIENDI 0.02 1065 01H OPAL E ee cm = 189 GeV 0.33 1 ABDALLAH 08C determine this triple gauge coupling from the measurement of the spin density matrix elements in e + e W + W (q q ) ( ), where = e or . Values of all other couplings are xed to their standard model values. 2 ABBIENDI 01H study W -pair events, with one leptonically and one hadronically decaying W . The coupling is extracted using information from the W production angle together with decay angles from the leptonically decaying W .

Z
This coupling is CP-violating (C-conserving and P-violating).
VALUE EVTS DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT

+ 0.06 OUR AVERAGE 0.12 0.04 + 0.10 0.20 0.07 + 0.08 0.09 0.05 1880 1065

1 ABDALLAH 2 ABBIENDI

08C DLPH E ee cm = 189209 GeV 01H OPAL E ee cm = 189 GeV

We do not use the following data for averages, ts, limits, etc. 3 BLINOV 11 LEP E ee cm = 183207 GeV

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1 ABDALLAH 08C determine this triple gauge coupling from the measurement of the spin density matrix elements in e + e W + W (q q ) ( ), where = e or . Values of all other couplings are xed to their standard model values. 2 ABBIENDI 01H study W -pair events, with one leptonically and one hadronically decaying W . The coupling is extracted using information from the W production angle together with decay angles from the leptonically decaying W . 3 BLINOV 11 use the LEP-average e + e W + W cross section data for s = 183207 GeV to determine an upper limit on the TGC Z . The average values of the cross sections as well as their correlation matrix, and standard model expectations of the cross sections are taken from the LEPEWWG note hep-ex/0612034. At 95% condence level Z < 0.13.

Z
This coupling is CP-violating (C-conserving and P-violating).
VALUE EVTS DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT

0.09 0.07 OUR AVERAGE 1 ABDALLAH 0.08 0.07 1880 08C + 0.24 2 ABBIENDI 0.18 1065 01H 0.16 We do not use the following data for averages, ts, 3 BLINOV 11

DLPH E ee cm = 189209 GeV OPAL E ee cm = 189 GeV limits, etc. LEP E ee cm = 183207 GeV

1 ABDALLAH 08C determine this triple gauge coupling from the measurement of the spin density matrix elements in e + e W + W (q q ) ( ), where = e or . Values of all other couplings are xed to their standard model values. 2 ABBIENDI 01H study W -pair events, with one leptonically and one hadronically decaying W . The coupling is extracted using information from the W production angle together with decay angles from the leptonically decaying W . 3 BLINOV 11 use the LEP-average e + e W + W cross section data for s = 183207 GeV to determine an upper limit on the TGC Z . The average values of the cross sections as well as their correlation matrix, and standard model expectations of the cross sections are taken from the LEPEWWG note hep-ex/0612034. At 95% condence level Z < 0.31.

W ANOMALOUS MAGNETIC MOMENT

The full magnetic moment is given by W = e(1+ + )/2m W . In the Standard Model, at tree level, = 1 and = 0. Some papers have dened = 1 and assume that = 0. Note that the electric quadrupole moment is given by e( )/m 2 . A description of the parameterization W of these moments and additional references can be found in HAGIWARA 87 and BAUR 88. The parameter appearing in the theoretical limits below is a regularization cuto which roughly corresponds to the energy scale where the structure of the W boson becomes manifest.
VALUE (e /2m W ) EVTS DOCUMENT ID TECN COMMENT

+ 0.20 2.22 0.19

2298

1 ABREU

01I

DLPH E ee cm = 183+189 GeV

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We do not use the following data for averages, ts, 2 ABE 95G 3 ALITTI 92C 4 SAMUEL 92 5 SAMUEL 91 6 GRIFOLS 88 7 GROTCH 87 8 VANDERBIJ 87 9 GRAU 85 10 SUZUKI 85 11 HERZOG 84

limits, etc. CDF UA2 THEO THEO THEO THEO THEO THEO THEO THEO

1 ABREU 01I combine results from e + e interactions at 189 GeV leading to W + W , W e e , and nal states with results from ABREU 99L at 183 GeV to determine g Z , , and . and are simultaneously oated in the t to determine 1 W . 2 ABE 95G report 1.3 < < 3.2 for =0 and 0.7 < < 0.7 for =1 in p p e X e and X at s = 1.8 TeV. 3 ALITTI 92C measure = 1 + 2.6 and = 0 + 1.7 in p p e + X at s = 630 GeV. 2.2 1.8 At 95%CL they report 3.5 < < 5.9 and 3.6 < < 3.5. 4 SAMUEL 92 use preliminary CDF and UA2 data and nd 2.4 < < 3.7 at 96%CL and 3.1 < < 4.2 at 95%CL respectively. They use data for W production and radiative W decay. 5 SAMUEL 91 use preliminary CDF data for p p W X to obtain 11.3 10.9. Note that their = 1. 6 GRIFOLS 88 uses deviation from parameter to set limit < 65 (M2 /2 ). W 7 GROTCH 87 nds the limit 37 < < 73.5 (90% CL) from the experimental limits on e + e assuming three neutrino generations and 19.5 < < 56 for four generations. Note their has the opposite sign as our denition. 8 VANDERBIJ 87 uses existing limits to the photon structure to obtain < 33 (m W /). In addition VANDERBIJ 87 discusses problems with using the parameter of the Standard Model to determine . 9 GRAU 85 uses the muon anomaly to derive a coupled limit on the anomalous magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole () moments 1.05 > ln(/m W ) + /2 > 2.77. In the Standard Model = 0. 10 SUZUKI 85 uses partial-wave unitarity at high energies to obtain < 190 (m /)2 . W From the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, SUZUKI 85 obtains < 2.2/ln(/m W ). Finally SUZUKI 85 uses deviations from the parameter and obtains a 4 very qualitative, order-of-magnitude limit < 150 (m W /) if 1. 11 HERZOG 84 consider the contribution of W -boson to muon magnetic moment including anomalous coupling of W W . Obtain a limit 1 < < 3 for > 1 TeV.

ANOMALOUS W /Z QUARTIC COUPLINGS

A REVIEW GOES HERE Check our WWW List of Reviews

a0 /2 , ac /2 , an /2
Using the W W nal state, the LEP combined 95% CL limits on the anomalous contributions to the W W and W W Z vertices (as of summer 2003) are given below: (See P. Wells, Experimental Tests of the Standard Model, Int. Europhysics Conference on High-Energy Physics, Aachen, Germany, 1723 July 2003)

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0.02 < aW /2 < 0.02 GeV2 , 0 0.05 < aW /2 < 0.03 GeV2 , c 0.15 < an /2 < 0.15 GeV2 .
VALUE DOCUMENT ID TECN

We do not use the following data for averages, ts, 1 ABBIENDI 04B 2 ABBIENDI 04L 3 HEISTER 04A 4 ABDALLAH 03I 5 ACHARD 02F

limits, etc. OPAL OPAL ALEP DLPH L3

1 ABBIENDI 04B select 187 e + e W + W events in the C.M. energy range 180209 GeV, where E >2.5 GeV, the photon has a polar angle cos < 0.975 and is well isolated from the nearest jet and charged lepton, and the eective masses of both fermion-antifermion systems agree with the W mass within 3 W . The measured dierential cross section as a function of the photon energy and photon polar angle is used to extract the 95% CL limits: 0.020 GeV 2 <a0 /2 < 0.020 GeV 2 , 0.053 GeV 2 <ac /2 < 0.037 GeV 2 and 0.16 GeV 2 <an /2 < 0.15 GeV 2 . 2 ABBIENDI 04L select 20 e + e acoplanar events in the energy range 180209 GeV and 176 e + e q q events in the energy range 130209 GeV. These samples are used to constrain possible anomalous W + W and Z Z quartic couplings. Further combining with the W + W sample of ABBIENDI 04B the following one 2 2 parameter 95% CL limits are obtained: 0.007 < aZ 0 / < 0.023 GeV , 0.029 < aZ /2 < 0.029 GeV2 , 0.020 < aW /2 < 0.020 GeV2 , 0.052 < aW /2 < c 0 c 0.037 GeV2 . 3 In the CM energy range 183 to 209 GeV HEISTER 04A select 30 e + e events with two acoplanar, high energy and high transverse momentum photons. The photon photon acoplanarity is required to be > 5 , E / s > 0.025 (the more energetic photon having energy > 0.2 s), pT /Ebeam > 0.05 and cos < 0.94. A likelihood t to the photon energy and recoil missing mass yields the following oneparameter 95% CL limits: 0.012 < aZ /2 < 0.019 GeV2 , 0.041 < aZ /2 < 0.044 GeV2 , 0 c 0.060 < aW /2 < 0.055 GeV2 , 0.099 < aW /2 < 0.093 GeV2 . 0 c 4 ABDALLAH 03I select 122 e + e W + W events in the C.M. energy range 189209 GeV, where E >5 GeV, the photon has a polar angle cos < 0.95 and is well isolated from the nearest charged fermion. A t to the photon energy spec+ 0.019 GeV 2 , a /2 = 0.004 + 0.018 GeV 2 , a /2 = tra yields ac /2 = 0.000 0 0 0.040 0.010 + 0 . 019 + 0 . 16 + 0.07 2 2 2 2 0.007 0.008 GeV , an / = 0.09 0.05 GeV , and an / = + 0.05 0.15 GeV 2 , keeping the other parameters xed to their Standard Model values (0). The 95% CL limits are: 0.063 GeV 2 <ac /2 < + 0.032 GeV 2 , 0.020 GeV 2 <a0 /2 < + 0.020 GeV 2 , 0.020 GeV 2 < a0 /2 < + 0.020 GeV 2 , 0.18 GeV 2 <an /2 < + 0.14 GeV 2 , 0.16 GeV 2 < an /2 < + 0.17 GeV 2 . 5 ACHARD 02F select 86 e + e W + W events at 192207 GeV, where E >5 GeV and the photon is well isolated. They also select 43 acoplanar e + e events in this energy range, where the photon energies are >5 GeV and >1 GeV and the photon polar angles are between 14 and 166 . All these 43 events are in the recoil mass region corresponding to the Z (75110 GeV). Using the shape and normalization of the photon spectra in the W + W events, and combining with the 42 event sample from

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189 GeV data (ACCIARRI 00T), they obtain: a0 /2 = 0.000 0.010 GeV 2 , ac /2 = 0.013 0.023 GeV 2 , and an /2 = 0.002 0.076 GeV 2 . Further combining the analyses of W + W events with the low recoil mass region of events (including samples collected at 183 + 189 GeV), they obtain the following one-parameter 95% CL limits: 0.015 GeV 2 <a0 /2 < 0.015 GeV 2 , 0.048 GeV 2 <ac /2 < 0.026 GeV 2 , and 0.14 GeV 2 <an /2 < 0.13 GeV 2 .

W REFERENCES
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ABBIENDI,G ABBOTT ABBOTT ABREU,P Also ACCIARRI AFFOLDER BREITWEG BREITWEG EBOLI ABBIENDI ABBOTT ABBOTT ABREU ACCIARRI ACCIARRI BARATE BARATE BARATE ABBOTT ABBOTT ABE ABE ABREU ABREU BARATE BARATE ABACHI ABE ABE ABE Also ABE Also ABE ABE ALITTI ALITTI ALITTI ALITTI ALITTI SAMUEL ABE ALBAJAR ALITTI SAMUEL Also ABE Also ALBAJAR ALITTI ABE ALBAJAR BAUR GRIFOLS Also ALBAJAR ANSARI GROTCH HAGIWARA VANDERBIJ GRAU SUZUKI ARNISON HERZOG Also ARNISON BANNER

00 00B 00D 00F 00T 00M 00 00D 00 99N 99H 99I 99L 99 99Q 99I 99L 99M 98N 98P 98H 98P 98C 98N 97 97S 95D 95C 95G 95P 95W 92E 92I 92 92B 92C 92D 92F 92 91C 91 91C 91 90G 90 90B 89I 89 88 88 87 87 87 87 87 85 85 84D 84 83 83B

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G. Abbiendi et al. (OPAL Collab.) B. Abbott et al. (D0 Collab.) B. Abbott et al. (D0 Collab.) P. Abreu et al. (DELPHI Collab.) P. Abreu et al. (DELPHI Collab.) M. Acciarri et al. (L3 Collab.) T. Aolder et al. (CDF Collab.) J. Breitweg et al. (ZEUS Collab.) J. Breitweg et al. (ZEUS Collab.) O. Eboli, M. Gonzalez-Garcia, S. Novaes G. Abbiendi et al. (OPAL Collab.) B. Abbott et al. (D0 Collab.) B. Abbott et al. (D0 Collab.) P. Abreu et al. (DELPHI Collab.) M. Acciarri et al. (L3 Collab.) M. Acciarri et al. (L3 Collab.) R. Barate et al. (ALEPH Collab.) R. Barate et al. (ALEPH Collab.) R. Barate et al. (ALEPH Collab.) B. Abbott et al. (D0 Collab.) B. Abbott et al. (D0 Collab.) F. Abe et al. (CDF Collab.) F. Abe et al. (CDF Collab.) P. Abreu et al. (DELPHI Collab.) P. Abreu et al. (DELPHI Collab.) R. Barate et al. (ALEPH Collab.) R. Barate et al. (ALEPH Collab.) S. Abachi et al. (D0 Collab.) F. Abe et al. (CDF Collab.) F. Abe et al. (CDF Collab.) F. Abe et al. (CDF Collab.) F. Abe et al. (CDF Collab.) F. Abe et al. (CDF Collab.) F. Abe et al. (CDF Collab.) F. Abe et al. (CDF Collab.) F. Abe et al. (CDF Collab.) J. Alitti et al. (UA2 Collab.) J. Alitti et al. (UA2 Collab.) J. Alitti et al. (UA2 Collab.) J. Alitti et al. (UA2 Collab.) J. Alitti et al. (UA2 Collab.) M.A. Samuel et al. (OKSU, CARL) F. Abe et al. (CDF Collab.) C. Albajar et al. (UA1 Collab.) J. Alitti et al. (UA2 Collab.) M.A. Samuel et al. (OKSU, CARL) M.A. Samuel et al. F. Abe et al. (CDF Collab.) F. Abe et al. (CDF Collab.) C. Albajar et al. (UA1 Collab.) J. Alitti et al. (UA2 Collab.) F. Abe et al. (CDF Collab.) C. Albajar et al. (UA1 Collab.) U. Baur, D. Zeppenfeld (FSU, WISC) J.A. Grifols, S. Peris, J. Sola (BARC, DESY) J.A. Grifols, S. Peris, J. Sola (BARC, DESY) C. Albajar et al. (UA1 Collab.) R. Ansari et al. (UA2 Collab.) H. Grotch, R.W. Robinett (PSU) K. Hagiwara et al. (KEK, UCLA, FSU) J.J. van der Bij (FNAL) A. Grau, J.A. Grifols (BARC) M. Suzuki (LBL) G.T.J. Arnison et al. (UA1 Collab.) F. Herzog (WISC) F. Herzog (WISC) G.T.J. Arnison et al. (UA1 Collab.) M. Banner et al. (UA2 Collab.)

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