Low Voltage Products

Application guide Contactors for

Capacitor Switching
1SBC 0064 99 R1001
Low Voltage Products 1
1SBC 0064 99 R1001
Contactors for
Capacitor Switching
Contents
General
Reminder of capacitor transient conditions .......................................................................................................... 2
Steady state condition data .......................................................................................................................................... 2
Consequences for contactors ...................................................................................................................................... 2
ABB solutions for capacitor bank switching................................................................................................. 3
The A and EH standard contactor range ............................................................................................................... 4
The UA contactor range ................................................................................................................................................. 5
The UA-R contactor range, equipped with damping resistors ................................................................ 6
Selection examples ....................................................................................................................................................... 7
Calculation of inrush current peak and frequency
Three-phase capacitor bank with a single step .................................................................................................. 8
Three-phase capacitor bank with several steps of identical power .......................................................... 8
Three-phase capacitor bank with several steps of different powers ........................................................ 9
Determining a transformer inductance .......................................................................................................... 10
Determining electrical connection inductances....................................................................................... 11
Attenuation of the inrush peak
Determining minimum electrical connection inductances .......................................................................... 12
Practical method for making additional inductances ..................................................................................... 12
Installation studies
Three-phase capacitor bank with a single step ............................................................................................... 16
Three-phase capacitor bank with several steps of identical power ....................................................... 17
Three-phase capacitor bank with several steps of different powers ..................................................... 18
2
1SBC 0064 99 R1001
Low Voltage Products
E
1
1
7
8
D
E
1
1
7
9
D
Automatic power factor correction Fixed power factor correction
Capacitor Bank Switching
General
Reminder of capacitor transient conditions
In Low Voltage industrial installations, capacitors are mainly used for reactive energy correction (raising the power factor). When these capacitors
are energized, overcurrents of high amplitude (up to 180 I
n
) and high frequencies (3 to 15 kHz) occur during the transient period (1 to 2 ms).
The amplitude of these current peaks, also known as "inrush current peaks", depends on the following factors:
G The network inductances.
G The transformer power and short-circuit voltage.
G The type of power factor correction.
There are 2 types of power factor correction: fixed or automatic.
Fixed power factor correction consists of inserting, in parallel on the
network, a capacitor bank whose total power is provided by the assembly
of capacitors of identical or different unit powers.
The bank is energized by a contactor that simultaneously supplies all
the capacitors (a single step).
The inrush current peak, in the case of fixed correction, can reach 30
times the nominal current of the capacitor bank.
An automatic power factor correction system, on the other hand,
consists of several capacitor banks of identical or different powers (several
steps), energized separately according to the value of the power factor
to be corrected.
An electronic device automatically determines the power of the steps to
be energized and activates the relevant contactors.
The inrush current peak, in the case of automatic correction, depends
on the power of the steps already on duty, and can reach 180 times the
nominal current of the step to be energized.
Steady state condition data
The presence of harmonics and the network's voltage tolerance lead to a current, estimated to be 1.3 times the nominal current I
n
of the capacitor,
permanently circulating in the circuit.
Taking into account the manufacturing tolerances, the exact power of a capacitor can reach 1.15 times its nominal power.
Standard IEC 831-1 Edition 04/97 specifies that the capacitor must therefore have a maximum thermal current I
T
of:
I
T
= 1.3 x 1.15 x I
n
= 1.5 I
n
Consequences for the contactors
To avoid malfunctions (welding of main poles, abnormal temperature rise, etc.), contactors for capacitor bank switching must be sized to withstand:
G A permanent current that can reach 1.5 times the nominal current of the capacitor bank.
G The short but high peak current on pole closing (maximum permissible peak current ).
Low Voltage Products 3
1SBC 0064 99 R1001
S
B

7
5
9
7
S
4
S
B

8
0
1
0
S
3
S
B
7
8
2
0
S
2
S
B
7
8
2
1
S
2
S
B
7
8
2
2
S
2
S
B

7
3
1
5
S
2
S
B

7
3
2
4
S
2
S
B

7
3
5
1
S
3
S
B

8
0
0
9
S
3
Contactors for Capacitor Switching
The ABB Solutions
ABB offers 3 contactor ranges according to the value of the inrush current peak and the power of the capacitor bank.
A and EH standard contactors (A 12 ... A 110 and EH 145 ... EH 800)
Maximum permissible peak current < 30 times the nominal rms current of the switched capacitor.
Refer to the table on page 4 for the operational values.
UA contactors for capacitor switching (UA 26 ... UA 110)
Maximum permissible peak current < 100 the nominal rms current of the switched capacitor..
Refer to the table on page 5 for the operational values.
G In a given application, if the user does not know the value of the inrush current peak, this value
can be approximately calculated using the formulas given on pages 8 and 9.
UA...-R contactors for capacitor switching (UA 16-R ... UA 75-R)
with insertion of damping resistors.
The insertion of damping resistors rids the contactor of excessively high inrush currents.
Refer to the table on page 6 for the operational values.
4
1SBC 0064 99 R1001
Low Voltage Products
Contactors for Capacitor Switching
Selection Tables
A and EH standard contactors
The A and EH contactors are suited for capacitor bank switching for the peak current and power values in the table below.
In these conditions, electrical durability of contactors is equal to 100 000 operating cycles.
Powers in kvar and maximum permissible peak current
Type Powers in kvar 50/60 Hz Max.
peak
220/240 V 380/400 V 415/440 V 500/550V 660/690 V current
40 C 55 C 70 C 40 C 55 C 70 C 40 C 55 C 70 C 40 C 55 C 70 C 40 C 55 C 70 C (kA)
A 9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
A 12 7 7 6 11 11 9.5 12 12 10.5 14 14 12 19 19 16.5 0.7
A 16 7.5 7.5 6 12.5 12.5 10 14 14 10.5 15.5 15.5 12 21.5 21.5 16.5 1
A 26 11.5 11.5 9 19 19 15 20 20 16.5 23 23 19 32 32 26 1.6
A 30 13 13 11 22 22 18.5 24 24 20.5 28 28 23 38 38 32 1.9
A 40 15 15 12 26 26 20 29 29 22 35 35 25 46 46 34.5 2.1
A 50 22 22 20 38 38 34 42 42 37 48 48 42 65 65 58.5 2.3
A 63 25 25 23 43 43 39 47 47 42.5 54 54 48.5 74 74 67 2.5
A 75 28 28 24.5 48 48 41 52 52 45 60 60 51 82 82 70 2.6
A 95 35 35 33 60 60 53 63 63 58 75 75 70 80 80 75 4
A 110 40 40 35 70 70 60 75 75 65 83 83 78 90 90 85 4
EH 145 50 50 42 90 90 74 93 93 80 110 110 96 110 110 110 4
EH 175 60 60 45 105 105 78 115 115 85 135 135 102 135 135 135 5
EH 210 75 75 57 125 125 99 135 135 108 160 160 130 160 160 160 5
EH 260 85 85 70 140 140 130 155 155 140 180 180 165 200 200 200 8
EH 300 100 100 85 160 160 150 180 180 163 210 210 196 240 240 240 8
EH 370 120 120 105 200 200 185 220 220 200 260 260 241 300 300 300 10
EH 550 160 160 150 260 260 255 290 290 289 340 340 340 440 440 440 10
EH 700 210 210 190 350 350 332 380 380 360 460 460 435 550 550 550 12
EH 800 220 212 191 390 370 332 410 402 360 490 480 435 600 600 600 12
If, in an application, the current peak is greater than the maximum peak current specified in the last column in the table, select a higher rating, refer
to the UA contactors (see page 5) or add inductances (see page 12).
The capacitor bank will be protected by gG type fuses whose rating is equal to 1.5 ... 1.8 times nominal current.
Low Voltage Products 5
1SBC 0064 99 R1001
Contactors for Capacitor Switching
Selection Tables
UA contactors
The UA contactors have been specially developed for the switching of capacitor banks whose inrush current peaks are less than or equal to
100 times nominal rms current. The table below gives the permissible powers according to operational voltage and temperature close to the
contactor. It also specifies the maximum peak current values accepted by the contactor.
In these conditions, electrical durability of contactors is equal to 100 000 operating cycles.
Type Powers in kvar 50/60 Hz Max. permissible peak
current (kA)
230/240 V 400/415 V 440 V 500/550 V 660/690 V U
e
U
e
40 C 55 C 70 C 40 C 55 C 70 C 40 C 55 C 70 C 40 C 55 C 70 C 40C 55C 70 C < 500 V > 500 V
UA 26 12 11 8.5 20 18.5 14.5 22 20 16 22 22 19.5 30 30 25 3 2.7
UA 30 16 16 11 27.5 27.5 19 30 30 20 34 34 23.5 45 45 32 3.5 3.1
UA 50 20 20 19 33 33 32 36 36 35 40 40 40 55 55 52 5 4.5
UA 63 25 25 21 45 43 37 50 48 41 50 50 45 70 70 60 5.5 5
UA 75 30 30 22 50 50 39 55 53 43 62 62 47.5 75 75 65 6 5.8
UA 95 35 35 29 60/65* 60/65* 50/55* 65 65 55 70 70 60 86 86 70 9.3 8
UA 110 40 39 34 74 70/75* 65 75 75 67 80 80 75 90 90 85 10.5 9
* Use these values for Ue = 415 V
For 220 V and 380 V, multiply by 0.9 the rated values at 230 V and 400 V respectively.
Example: 50 kvar/400 V corresponding to 0.9 x 50 = 45 kvar/380 V.
If, in an application, the current peak is greater than the maximum peak current specified in the table above, select a higher rating, refer to the
UA...-R contactors (see page 6) or add inductances (see page12).
The capacitor bank will be protected by gG type fuses whose rating is equal to 1.5 ... 1.8 times nominal current.
Powers in kvar and maximum permissible peak current
6
1SBC 0064 99 R1001
Low Voltage Products
A1
A2
PA
R
PP
R
E
1
1
8
0
D
C
A1
A2
PA
R
PP
R
E
1
1
8
1
D
C
Contactors for Capacitor Switching
Selection Tables
UA-R contactors equipped with damping resistors
The UA-R contactors are fitted with a special front-mounted block ensuring the serial insertion in the circuit of damping resistors limiting current
peak on energizing of the capacitor bank. Their connection also ensures capacitor precharging in order to limit the second current peak occurring
on making of the main poles a few milliseconds later.
Operating principle
The front-mounted block mechanism of the UA-R contactors alternately ensures early making and breaking of the auxiliary "PA" poles with
respect to the main "PP" poles of the contactor.
When the coil is energized, the early making auxiliary poles connect
the capacitor to the network via the set of resistors, thus attenuating the
current peak. A few milliseconds later, the contactor main poles short-
circuit the resistors with a new reduced inrush current.
The insertion contacts remain closed, ready to operate as early-breaking
contacts for the next breaking sequence.
When the coil is de-energized, early breaking of the auxiliary poles
ensures that the capacitor is disconnected via the main poles.
These contactors can be used in installations in which peak current far exceeds 100 times nominal rms current. The contactors are delivered
complete with their damping resistors and must be used without additional inductances (see table below).
Their electrical durability is 250 000 operating cycles for U
e
< 500 V and100 000 operating cycles for U
e
> 500 V.
Powers in kvar
Type Powers in kvar - 50/60 Hz gG type
220/240 V 380/400/415 V 440 V 500/550 V 660/690 V fuses
40 C 55 C 70 C 40 C 55 C 70 C 40 C 55 C 70 C 40 C 55 C 70 C 40 C 55 C 70 C max. (*)
UA 16-30-10-R 8 7.5 6 12.5 12.5 10 15 13 11 18 16 12.5 22 21 17 80
UA 26-30-10-R 12.5 11.5 9 22 20 15.5 24 20 17 30 25 20 35 31 26 125
UA 30-30-10-R 16 16 11 30 27.5 19.5 32 30 20.5 34 34 25 42 42 32 200
UA 50-30-00-R 25 24 20 40 40 35 50 43 37 55 50 46 72 65 60 200
UA 63-30-00-R 30 27 23 50 45 39 55 48 42.5 65 60 50 80 75 65 200
UA 75-30-00-R 35 30 25 60 50 41 65 53 45 75 65 55 100 80 70 200
(*) The fuse ratings given in this column represent the maximum ratings ensuring type 1 co-ordination according to the definition of standard IEC 947-4-1.
Low Voltage Products 7
1SBC 0064 99 R1001
Contactors for Capacitor Switching
Selection examples
Application and possibilities
The information given on pages 8 and 9 will enable the user to calculate current peaks and to limit them to a value acceptable for the contactor.
Since this calculation is never exact, capacitor bank manufacturers optimise their products by tests.
Description of the application
Capacitor bank:
20 kvar at 400 V, 50 Hz three-phase.
Ambient temperature around the contactor: 40 C
Nominal current: I
n
=
P
3 x U
=
20000
~ 29 A
1.7 x 400
Thermal current: I
T
= I
n
x 1.5
= 29 x 1.5 ~ 43 A
Case no. 1 - Inrush peak current: 1700
Possibility as per table on page 4
A 30 contactor (22 kvar, 380/400 V).
This contactor accepts a maximum peak current of 1900 .
Case no. 2 - Inrush peak current: 2500
Possibility no. 1 as per table on page 5
UA 26 contactor (20 kvar, 400 V). This contactor accepts a maximum peak
current of 3000 (U
e
< 500V).
Possibility no. 2 as per table on page 4
A 30 contactor + additional inductances limiting peak current to a
peak of 1900 that is acceptable for the A 30 contactor.
Possibility no. 3 as per table on page 4
A 63 contactor (43 kvar, 400 V).
This contactor accepts a maximum peak current of 2500 .
Case no. 3 - Inrush peak current: 4500 .
Possibility no. 1 as per table on page 6
UA 26-R contactor (22 kvar, 400 V).
This contactor can be directly used without an additional inductance.
Possibility no. 2 as per table on page 5
UA 26 contactor + additional inductances limiting peak current to a
peak of 3000 acceptable for the UA 26 contactor (U
e
< 500 V).
Possibility no. 3 as per table on page 4
A 30 contactor + additional inductances limiting peak current to a peak
of 1900 acceptable for the A30 contactor.
Possibility no. 4 as per table on page 4
EH 175 contactor (105 kvar 400 V).
This contactor accepts a maximum peak current of 5000 .
8
1SBC 0064 99 R1001
Low Voltage Products
U
Qn Q2 Q1
L2 Ln
Kn K2 K1
L1
U
E
1
1
8
3
D
E
1
1
8
2
D
Calculation of Inrush Current Peak and Frequency
If the inrush current peak on energizing of a capacitor bank is greater than that acceptable for the switching contactor, there is a risk that power
factor correction will no longer be ensured.
This is because, in this case, the contactor may remain permanently closed due to welding of its main poles.
The formulas given below are used to estimate inrush current peak as well as current frequency during the transient period. The values of the
inductances used in the formulas can be determined by the methods described on pages 10 and 11.
Caution:
These formulas are applicable only if the capacitor bank is completely discharged at the time of energizing (maximum voltage at terminals < 50 V).
Three-phase capacitor bank with a single step.
Capacitor with a single step
Q: Power in kvar (star or delta connection)
Inrush peak current :
=
10
9
x
Q
= k
1
Q
3 f L + L
t
L + L
t
Inrush current frequency f
0
:
f
0
= k
2
U
1
: in Amperes
Q (L + L
t
)
f: mains current frequency in Hz
Q: in kvar
L, L
t
in H
k
1
= 1457 (50 Hz) or 1330 (60 Hz)
k
2
= 89.2 (50 Hz) or 97.2 (60 Hz)
Three-phase capacitor bank with several steps of identical power.
Energizing of the capacitor Q
n
with "n 1" capacitors on duty.
Inrush peak current :
= k
1
n - 1
x
Q
n
n L
n
Inrush current frequency f
0
:
f
0
= k
2
U
1
: in Amperes
L
n
x Q
n
L
1
= L
2
= L
...
= L
n
: inductance by phase of a step in H
Q
1
= Q
2
= Q
...
= Q
n
: power of a step in kvar
n: number of capacitor steps
U: phase-to-phase voltage in V
k
1
= 1457 (50 Hz) or 1330 (60 Hz)
k
2
= 89.2 (50 Hz) or 97.2 (60 Hz)
Contactor
Line
L: Line inductance
by phase
Transformer
S: Power in kVA
: Short-circuit voltage as a %
Lt: Transformer inductance by phase
U: Phase-to-phase voltage in V
Low Voltage Products 9
1SBC 0064 99 R1001
Qn Q2 Q1
L2 Ln
Kn K2 K1
L1
Q
1
= a Q
n
L
1
= L
n
/ a
Q
2
= b Q
n
L
2
= L
n
/ b
Q
..
= .. Q
n
L
..
= L
n
/ ..
Q
n - 1
= z Q
n
L
n - 1
= L
n
/ z

U
E
1
1
8
3
D
Calculation of Inrush Current Peak and Frequency
Three-phase capacitor bank with several steps of different powers
Energizing of the capacitor Q
n
with "n 1" capacitors on duty
Energizing of Q
n
Bank total power
Fictitious number of steps n =
Power of smallest step
The inrush current peak of Q
n
is the same as that of a capacitor
bank made up of n identical steps provided that the inductances L
1
,
L
2
.... L
n
are inversly proportional to the power of these steps.
Q
1
L
n
mini = L
1
Q
n
Inrush peak current :
= k
1
(Q
1
+ Q
2
+ + + Q
n - 1
) Q
n
x
1
Q
1
+ Q
2
+ + + Q
n
1
L
n
+
1
+
1
+

+
1
L
1
L
2
L
n - 1
10
1SBC 0064 99 R1001
Low Voltage Products
U
E
1
1
8
4
D E
1
1
8
4
D
1000
800
600
400
300
200
100
80
60
40
30
20
10
8
6
4
3
2
1
10 20 30 40 60 100 200 300 400 600 1000 2000 5000 10000
L
t
(H)
S
(kVA)
20 30 40 60 100 200 300 400 600 1000 2000 5000 10000
20 30 40 60 100 200 300 400 600 1000 2000 5000 10000
20 30 40 60 100 200 300 400 600 1000 2000 5000 10000
20 30 40 60 100 200 300 400 600 1000 2000 5000 10000
20 30 40 60 100 200 300 400 600 1000 2000 5000 10000
20 30 40 60 100 200 300 400 600 1000 2000 5000 10000
30 40 60 100 200 300 400 600 1000 2000 5000 10000
30 40 60 100 200 300 400 600 1000 2000 5000 10000
660/690 V
500 V
380/400 V
220 V
415/440 V
(%)
4
4,5
5
5,5
6
7
8
9
10
E
1
1
8
7
D
Determining the Transformer Inductance
The value of the inductance (L
t
) of the transformer used in the various formulas above can be determined by following the method described below.
Value L
t
of the inductance by phase of the transformer in H:
L
t
=
1
.

U
2
.
10
3
L
t
=

U
2
200 f S k
3
S
k
3
= 31.4 (50 Hz) or 37.68 (60 Hz)
S: Power in kVA
: Short-circuit voltage as a %
U: Phase-to-phase operating voltage in Volts
f: Current frequency in Hertz
The following chart gives this value by direct reading
G Reminder of the values marked on the transformer plate
Example:
Transformer:
S = 1000 kVA
= 5 %
U = 380 V
f = 50 Hz
L
t
= 23 H by phase
Inductance by phase, of a transformer at a frequency of 50 Hz
Use
Low Voltage Products 11
1SBC 0064 99 R1001
a
E
1
1
9
6
D
a
a
a
E
1
1
9
5
D
a a
E
1
1
9
4
D
H/m
1 2 3 4 5
0,6
0,5
0,4
0,3
0,2
a
m
d
E
1
1
8
8
D
Determining the Electrical Connection Inductances
For a symmetrical connection formed by non-magnetic conductors, the linear coefficient of apparent self-inductance is the same for all the
conductors and is given by:
2 a
m
L = [ 0.05 + 0.46 log
10
d
] H/ m
d = diameter of the conductive core (mm)
a
m
= geometric average of distances between the
conductor axes (mm)
Single-phase installation
a
m
= a
Three-phase delta installation
a
m
= a
Three-phase adjacent installation
a
m
= a
3
2
a
m
= 1.26 a
This chart lets you determine the
linear coefficient of apparent self-inductance
Guideline values
Conductive cross-sectional area (mm
2
) 4 6 10 16 25 35 50 70 95 120
Conductive core = d (mm) 2.26 2.92 3.9 4.9 6.1 7.2 8.4 10.1 11.9 13.4
Outer U1000 RO2V 7.2 8.2 9.2 10.5 12.5 13.5 15 17 19 21
12
1SBC 0064 99 R1001
Low Voltage Products
b
c
d
c
a
r
E
1
1
8
9
D
Attenuation of the Inrush Peak
If the electrical connection inductances are very low, the inrush current peak of the capacitor bank may not be sufficiently attenuated and thus cause
welding of the main poles of the contactor.
To avoid this risk, the user must select a contactor that can withstand a higher current peak (UA or UA...-R range) or may serial-connect "additional"
inductances in the circuit.
Determining electrical connection minimum inductances
The formulas given on page 8 to calculate the inrush current peak can also be used to determine
the minimum value of the electrical connection inductances separating the transformer
from the capacitor bank, without risk of welding the main poles of the contactor.
G Capacitor bank with one step
L
min
: minimum inductance of the electrical connection in H.
: maximum peak, acceptable for the contactor in A (see tables on pages 4 and 5).
Q: power of the capacitor bank in kvar.
Q
n
: power of the n
th
step in kvar.
L
t
: inductance by phase of the transformer in H.
k
1
=1457 (if f = 50 Hz) or = 1330 (if f = 60 Hz)
Practical method for making additional inductances
If the electrical connection inductances are too low (current peaks not sufficiently attenuated), the user can add additional inductances, simply
made by winding the cables designed to be connected to the capacitor bank, onto a cylinder. The method below provides all the technical informa-
tion required to make these additional inductances.
G Theoretical reminder
An electrical conductor wound with joining turns on a cylinder of a diameter (d), forms an inductance coil whose inductance is equal to:
4
2

.
a
2

.
N
2
L = 10
-7
b + c + r
.
F
1

.
F
2
10 b + 12 c + 2 r
F
1
=
10 b + 10 c + 1,4 r
14 r
F
2
= 0.5 log
10
(100 +
2 b + 3 c
)
L: self-inductance in H
N: number of circular turns
a, b, c, d, r: dimensions in m
G Charts
The charts on pages 14 and15 allow, by direct reading, identification of the number of turns to be made according to:
the cable cross-sectional area that will be used to connect the capacitor bank,
the diameter of the cylinder used to make the inductance coil,
the necessary inductance value.
The chart on page 13 allows, by direct reading, identification of the minimum value of the inductance according to:
the type of contactor,
the power of the capacitor bank in kvar,
the number of steps.
conductive core
G Capacitor bank with several identical steps
2
= k
1
n 1 Q
n
thus L
min
=
(
k
1
(n 1)
2
Q
n
)
L
t
n L
n
+ L
t

2
n
2
2
= k
1
Q
thus L
min
=
(
k
1

Q
)
L
t
L + L
t

2
insulator (
thickness varies
)
according to cable type
Low Voltage Products 13
1SBC 0064 99 R1001
Attenuation of the Inrush Peak
Chart used to determine electrical connection minimum inductances
U < 500 V - For U > 500 V, increase L
m
by 20%
3
0,3
100
80
60
40
30
20
10
8
6
4
2
1,0
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
0,1
1 2 3 4 6 10 20 30 40 60 100 200 500 1000 2000
L
m
(H)
Q (kvar)
2
4 6 10 20 30 40 60 100 200 500 1000 2000 3000
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
or more
Number of steps
Contactor type
A
1
6
A
1
2
A
3
0
A
2
6
A
4
0
A
5
0
U
A
7
5
E
H
2
6
0
/3
0
0
E
H
3
7
0
/5
5
0 U
A
9
5
E
H
7
0
0
-
8
0
0 U
A
1
1
0
4 6 10 20 30 40 60 100 200 500 1000 2000 3000 2 3
4 6 10 20 30 40 60 100 200 500 1000 2000 3000 2 3
4 6 10 20 30 40 60 100 200 500 1000 2000 3000 2 3
4 6 10 20 30 40 60 100 200 500 1000 2000 3000 2 3
4 6 10 20 30 40 60 100 200 500 1000 2000 3000 2 3
4 6 10 20 30 40 60 100 200 500 1000 2000 3000 3
E
1
1
9
0
D
G
U
A
6
3
A
6
3
A
7
5
A
9
5
/1
1
0
E
H
1
4
5 U
A
3
0
U
A
2
6
E
H
1
7
5
/2
1
0
U
A
5
0
Example:
UA 30 27.5 kvar
n = 3 x 400 V steps
f = 50 Hz
L
m
= 2.2 H
14
1SBC 0064 99 R1001
Low Voltage Products
1
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Low Voltage Products 15
1SBC 0064 99 R1001
Attenuation of the Inrush Peak
Additional inductances ( = 20 x cable diameter)
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16
1SBC 0064 99 R1001
Low Voltage Products
}
1
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E
1
1
9
3
D
Installation Studies
Three-phase capacitor bank with a single step
Example:
Transformer.
500 kVA 220 V 50 Hz Short-circuit voltage

= 4 %
Q
Capacitor = 5 kvar = k
1
L + L
t
Transformer/capacitor connection
10 m of adjacent cables a
m
= 3 d (4 mm
2
)
Temperature:

= 55 C
L
t
: Transformer inductance per phase L
t
= 12 H
(chart on page 10)
L
1
: Circuit-breaker inductance (pages 14 and 15) L
1
= 0.5 H
L
2
: Electrical connection inductance L
2
= 0.42 H x 10 L
2
= 4.2 H L
(chart on page 11)
L
3
: Contactor inductance (pages 14 and 15) L
3
= 0.3 H
L
t
+ L
1
+ L
2
+ L
3
= 17 H
L
x
: Possible additional inductance per phase

(see page 12)
Q : Capacitor power (kvar)
Selecting the contactor (pages 4-5-6) Type (table on page 4) A 12
Look for L
m
(chart on page 13) Network minimum inductance L
m
= 21 H
If L
m
L
t
+ L
1
+ L
2
+ L
3
+ No additional inductanceL
x
If L
m
> L
t
+ L
1
+ L
2
+ L
3
+ Add an additional inductance L
x
such that: L
x
L
m
(L
t
+ L
1
+ L
2
+ L
3
+ )
L
x
21 H 17 H thus L
x
4 H
L
x
made up of 6 turns per phase of 4 mm
2
copper cable
(as per chart on page 15) = 20 c
If you want to remove or reduce L
x
you can choose
a contactor with a greater making capacity
If you choose an A 16 contactor; the chart (on page 13) gives L
m
= 10 H Thus no additional inductance as 10 < 17 H
(see page 8)
Low Voltage Products 17
1SBC 0064 99 R1001
E
1
1
8
5
D
}
Installation Studies
Three-phase capacitor bank with several steps of identical power.
Example:
Transformer.
630 kVA 400 V 50 Hz Short-circuit voltage

= 4 %
n 1
Q
n
Capactiors: bank with 6 steps of 20 kvar = k
1
n Ln
Connections:
transformer/ capacitors 10 m of adjacent cables a
m
= 4 d
capacitors/ busbars: 0.50 m in delta 10 mm
2
a
m
= 4 d
Temperature: = 40 C
L
t
: Transformer inductance per phase L
t
= 30 H
(chart on page 10)
L
1
: Circuit-breaker inductance (pages 14 and 15) L
1
= 0.5 H
L
2
:Connection inductance: L
2
= 0.47 H x 10 L
2
= 4.7 H
transformer/capacitor bank
by phase (chart on page 11)
L
x
: Additional inductance, if necessary, per phase

(value 0 for this example). If L
x
other than 0, reduce by the
same amount the value of the additional inductance L
y
below.
L
3
: Connection inductance: L
3
= 0.47 H x 0.5 L
3
= 0.24 H
busbar/capacitor, per phase
(chart on page 11)
L
4
: Fuse inductance (pages 14 and 15) L
4
= 0.4 H L
n
L
5
: Contactor inductance (pages 14 and 15) L
5
= 0.3 H
L
n
= L
3
+ L
4
+ L
5
= 0.94 H
L
y
: Additional inductance, if necessary, per phase and per step
(page 12)
Q : Capacitor power (kvar) (n identical steps)
Selecting the contactor (pages 4-5-6) Type (table page 5) UA 26
Look for L
m
(chart on page 13) Network minimum inductance L
m
= 3.2 H
If L
m
L
3
+ L
4
+ L
5
+ No additional inductance L
y
If L
m
> L
3
+ L
4
+ L
5
+ Add an additional inductance L
y
L
y
= 3.2 H 0.94 H = 2.26 H
L
y
made up of 3 turns per phase of 10 mm
2
copper cable
(as per chart on page 15) = 20 c
If you want to eliminate or reduce L
y
you can choose a contactor with a higher making capacity.
If you choose an UA75 contactor; the chart (page 13) gives L
m
= 0.85 H Thus no additional inductances as 0.85 < 0.94 H
The upstream inductance value L
t
+ L
1
+ L
2
= 35.2 H makes the addition of additional inductances L
x
pointless.
(see page 8)
18
1SBC 0064 99 R1001
Low Voltage Products
}
E
1
1
8
6
D
Installation Studies
Three-phase capacitor bank with several steps of different powers.
Example:
Transformer.
400 kVA 400 V 50 Hz Short-circuit voltage

= 4 %
Capacitors: bank with 3 steps of: 20 kvar, 30 kvar, 50 kvar
Connections:
transformer/ busbars: 10 m of adjacent cables a
m
= 4 d
busbars/capacitors: 1 m a
m
= 4 d
Temperature: = 40 C
L
t
: Transformer inductance per phase L
t
= 45 H
(chart on page 10)
L
1
Circuit-breaker inductance (pages 14 and 15) L
1
= 0.5 H
L
2
: Inductance of the transformer/capacitor bank L
2
= 0.47 H x 10 L
2
= 4.7 H
connection, per phase (chart on page 11)
L
x
: Additional inductance, if necessary, per phase (page 12)
L
3
: Inductance of the busbar/ L
3
= 0.47 H x 1 L
3
= 0.47 H
capacitor connection
per phase (chart on page 11)
L
1-1
L
1-2
L
1-n
L
4
: Fuse inductance (pages 14 and 15) L
4
= 0.4 H L
n
L
5
: Contactor inductance (pages 14 and 15) L
5
= 0.3 H
L
n
= L
3
+ L
4
+ L
5
= 1.17 H
L
y-1
L
y-2
L
y-n
L
yn
: Additional inductance, if necessary, per phase
(page 12)
Q
1
Q
2
Q
n
Q : Capacitor power (kvar) (n different steps)
Preselection of contactors (tables on pages 4-5-6)
Type Smallest step: 20 kvar UA 26
(table on
{
Step with intermediate power: 30 kvar UA 50
page 5)
Most powerful step: 50 kvar UA 75
Low Voltage Products 19
1SBC 0064 99 R1001
The inductances of the other connections must have as their minimum value the one satisfying the most restrictive of the 2 requirements below:
Requirement no. 1: Be at least inversly proportional to the powers of each capacitor step, i.e. L
n
mini = L
1
Q
1
.
Requirement no. 2: Be compatible with the contactor used (chart on page 13).
Q
n
Installation Studies
Most powerful step: 50 kvar
20 + 30 + 50
Fictitious number of steps: n
3
=
50
= 2
Q
1
20
Requirement no. 1: L
3
min. = L
1
= 3 x = 1,2 H.
Q
3
50
Requirement no. 2: Preselected UA 75 contactor (table on page 5)
Minimum inductance for 2 steps of 50 kvar (chart on page 13): 0.7 H.
The most restrictive requirement is L
3
min. = 1,2 H.
The value of the connection inductance,1.17 H, is very close to 1.2 H,
there is thus no point providing an additional inductance: L
y3
= 0
Determining any self-inductances L
y
.
Step of intermediate power: 30 kvar
20 + 30 + 50
Fictitious number of steps: n
2
=
30
# 3
Q
1
20
Requirement no. 1: L
2
min. = L
1
= 3 x = 2 H.
Q
2
30
Requirement no. 2: Preselected UA 50 contactor (table on page 5)
Minimum inductance for 3 steps of 30 kvar (chart on page 13): 1.1 H.
The most restrictive requirement is L
2
min. = 2 H.
Thus, an additional inductance is required
L
y2
= 2 H - 1,17 H = 0,83 H
Smallest step: 20 kvar
20 + 30 + 50
Fictitious number of steps: n
1
=
20
= 5
Preselected UA 26 contactor (table on page 5)
Minimum inductance for 5 steps of 20 kvar (chart on page 13): L
1
= 3 H
Additional inductance L
y1 =
L
1
L
n
L
y1
= 3 1.17 = 1.83 Additional inductance of 1.83 H
Calculate the minimum inductance of the connection of each step,
as though the bank were made up of n
p
steps of identical power Q
p
to that being analysed.
n
p
=
Q
1
+ Q
2
+ Q
3
+ Q... + Q
p
+ Q... + Q
n
Example : n
1
=
Bank total power
Q
p
Power of smallest step
We could choose all contactors of the same size: the largest preselected rating (UA 75 in our example).
The result would be:
20 kvar step: n
1
= 5 Chart page 13: L
1 min.
= 0.8 H L
n
= 1.17 H is greater than L
1
thus L
y1
= 0
30 kvar step: n
2
= 3 Chart on page 13 : L
2 min.
= 0.8 H
Q
1
20
Checking the other requirement: L
2 min.
= L1 = 0,8 = 0,53 H
Q
2
30
The most restrictive requirement is L
2 min.
= 0.8 H L
n
= 1.17 H is greater than L
2
thus L
y2
= 0
50 kvar step: n
3
= 2 Chart on page 13 : L
3 min.
= 0,78 H
Q
1
20
Checking the other requirement: L
2 min.
= L1 = 0,8 = 0,32 H
Q
3
50
The most restrictive requirement is L
2 min.
= 0,78 H L
n
= 1,17 H is greater than L
3
thus L
y3
= 0
Advantage: this choice means that inductances need not be added.
The upstream inductance value L
t
+ L
1
+ L
2
= 50 H makes the addition of additional inductances L
x
pointless.
ABB Control s.a.
10, rue Ampre Z.I. - B.P. 114
F-69685 Chassieu cedex / France
Telephone: +33 (0) 4 7222 1722
Telefax: +33 (0) 4 7222 1935
http://www.abb.com/lowvoltage
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As part of its on-going product improvement, ABB re-
serves the right to modify the characteristics or the prod-
ucts described in this document. The information given is
not-contractual. For further details please contact the ABB
company marketing these products in your country.
ABB Control AB
S-721 61 Vsters / Sweden
Telephone: +46 (0) 21 32 07 00
Telefax: +46 (0) 21 12 60 01
http://www.abb.com/lowvoltage