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Construction of Contiguous Bored Pile Wall: Open-Cut & Bottom-Up Construction Method

The document describes the open-cut and bottom-up construction method for underground rapid transit system stations and tunnels. The soil is excavated in stages with retaining walls and struts installed to support the soil. Concrete is then poured starting from the base slab and progressing upwards until the roof is completed. The soil is then backfilled and the area reinstated. Safety measures are taken to monitor temporary structures and minimize disruptions to the public during construction.

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Hanri Pakpahan
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
680 views

Construction of Contiguous Bored Pile Wall: Open-Cut & Bottom-Up Construction Method

The document describes the open-cut and bottom-up construction method for underground rapid transit system stations and tunnels. The soil is excavated in stages with retaining walls and struts installed to support the soil. Concrete is then poured starting from the base slab and progressing upwards until the roof is completed. The soil is then backfilled and the area reinstated. Safety measures are taken to monitor temporary structures and minimize disruptions to the public during construction.

Uploaded by

Hanri Pakpahan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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03 .

Excavation &

Installation of Steel Strut


Second Level Strut Lowest Level Strut

04 . Construction

of Underground Structure

First Level Strut

First Level Strut

While noise, dust and other inconveniences are inevitable during construction, LTA will
Base Slab

The underground Rapid Transit System (RTS) stations and cut-and-cover tunnels are typically constructed by the open-cut and bottom-up method. In this method, the earth is excavated to the required depth with retaining walls and struts supporting the soil at the sides. Upon the completion of excavation to the required depth, the base slab of the underground structure is cast at the bottom-most level, followed by the side walls. Casting of concrete progresses upwards, level by level till the roof of the structure is completed. Ground is then backfilled and reinstated.

work closely with the contractor to keep them to a minimum.

Formation Level

OPEN-CUT & BOTTOM-UP CONSTRUCTION METHOD


Construction Site Hoarding Diverted Road

The soil is excavated to the next strut level and the second level strut is installed. It continues till the excavation reaches the final depth or formation level. The number of strut levels depends on the excavation depth.

At formation level, the reinforced concrete slab or base slab is constructed, followed by the removal of the lowest level strut and the side walls are constructed.

05 . Construction

of Underground Structure
Roof Slab

06 . Backfilling &
Reinstated Road Backfill

Reinstatement

Proposed Underground Structure

First Level Strut

The next level of slab is constructed, followed by the removal of the strut near to that slab level. This process progresses upwards till the roof slab is constructed.

After the roof slab is completed, the soil is backfilled to the first strut level before the first level strut is removed. This is followed by completely backfilling the top of the underground structure. If the retaining wall is a diaphragm wall or a bored pile wall, the top 2 metres of the wall will be removed. If it is a sheet pile wall, the sheet piles will be extracted.

Designed & produced by C2 Design Studio Pte Ltd

Side Wall

Completed Underground Structure

CONSTRUCTION OF CONTIGUOUS BORED PILE WALL

01 . Installation of

Retaining Wall
Retaining Wall

02 . Excavation &
First Level Strut

Installation of Steel Strut

If you have any suggestions or feedback, please call our Customer Service Line: 1800 CALL LTA 1800 2255 582

October 2004

The underground retaining wall is installed before excavation commences. The retaining wall can be a concrete diaphragm wall, a concrete bored pile wall or a steel sheet pile wall; depending on the site condition, soil type and the excavation depth.

The soil is excavated to the first strut level. The first level strut is installed before the excavation proceeds further.

Refer to 03. Augering of Borehole

Refer to 05. Concreting of Borehole

CONSTRUCTION OF CONTIGUOUS BORED PILE WALL


This pictorial guide illustrates the construction sequence of a Contiguous Bored Pile (CBP) wall. This type of retaining wall was used for the construction of several deep excavation works on road and rail projects.

Refer to 02. Installation of Casing

Safety Measures
The Land Transport Authority (LTA) accords top priority to safety. Professional Engineers (PE) and Qualified Persons (QP) are engaged to carry out stringent checks on the temporary structures to ensure that they are installed correctly and safely before the excavation can proceed from one level to the next level. In addition, our engineers monitor the various stress and strain gauges installed on the temporary structures on a regular basis so as to be sure that the stresses fall within acceptable limits set by the design engineers. Likewise, instruments are extensively installed in the vicinity of the construction site to monitor vibrations, ground movements etc. This is so that the engineers are always in the know of the impact of the construction on the surrounding buildings and structures, thereby ensuring that they are safe.

Inconveniences
Noise and vibrations are generated when the casing is driven in and extracted from the ground by the vibro-hammer. Noise is also generated during the augering process. We will therefore try our best to schedule the work such that it creates minimal disruption to the public.

Position of Bored Pile

01 .

02 .

Installation of Casing
VibroHammer

03 .

Augering of Borehole

04 .

Installation of Steel Cage

05 .

Concreting of Borehole

06 .

Extraction of Casing
VibroHammer

07 .

Repetition of Process

Wooden Peg

Auger

Steel Cage

Casing Position of Bored Pile to be Constructed

Cross-Section View
Casing

Cross-Section View
Casing

Cross-Section View
Casing

Casing

Completed Contiguous Bored Pile Wall

Design Depth 100-200mm

Design Depth

Bentonite Slurry

Design Depth

Design Depth

Concrete

Design Depth

Concrete

Design Depth 100-200mm

Design Depth

Wooden pegs are used to mark out the center position of each bored pile. The gap between two bored piles is typically between 100 to 200 millimetres.

The vibro-hammer drives a casing into the ground, leaving about 1 metre length of the casing protruding from the ground.

The auger, a drilling tool, cuts and removes the soil within the casing to form a borehole. The soil surrounding the borehole is supported by the casing. If the casing is not long enough to reach the required depth in the ground, bentonite slurry is used to support the soil below the casing.

The crane lifts up the steel cage and places it within the borehole.

Concrete is poured into the borehole to form the bored pile.

The vibro-hammer extracts the casing from the ground.

Steps 2 - 6 are repeated till the entire length of the contiguous bored pile wall construction is completed.

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