MODULE IV Traffic Cases

/10 /2a0 /2c0 $'!

/2"0 $!%

/,0

M!%&VL#

/."0

/'0 /(a0 /("0 /-0 /.a0

Figure 104.3 Location Updating, Type Normal. MS already register

ed in VL .

Figure A04.09: Location Updating, type norma . M! a ready regi"tered in VL# 1. The MS listens to the system information, compares the LAI with the one stored in SIM card. When it finds the difference, it decides to do an location update 2a. The MS sends a channel re uest messa!e 2". The messa!e recei#ed "y the $TS is forwarded to the $SC. The $SC allocates a S%CC&, if there is one idle, and tells the $TS to acti#ate it '. The MS sends a location updatin! re uest messa!e which contains the identity of the MS, the identity of the old location area and the type of updatin! (a.The authentication parameter is sent to the MS. If the MS is not already re!istered in this MSC)*L+ the appropriate &L+ or the pre#iously used MSC)*L+ must "e contacted to retrie#e MS su"scri"er data and authentication parameters. (". MS sends an answer calculated usin! the recei#ed authentication parameter. ,. If authentication is successful, the *L+ is updated. -. The MS recei#es an acceptance of the location updatin!. .a. The $TS is told to release the S%CC& .". The MS is told to release the S%CC& and switches to idle mode %urin! the location chan!e, if the MS is "usy in call, it recei#es the information a"out the new LAI on the S%CC&. The location updatin! /a"o#e said procedure0 ta1es place after the call is released

(B) IMSI attach: IMSI attach is used "y the MS to notify the system that it was powered on, pro#ided it is still in the same location area as it was when it entered the detached state.

Figure A04.(0: Location Updating, type IM!I attac). 1. The MS re uests a S%CC& 2. The system recei#es the IMSI attach messa!e from the MS '. The MSC sends the IMSI attach messa!e to the *L+. The *L+ remo#es the IMSI detached fla! and resumes normal call handlin! for the MS (. The *L+ returns the IMSI attach ac1nowled!e messa!e to the MSC ,. The MS also recei#es an ac1nowled!e messa!e This procedure is to "e used only when the IMSI detach fla! is set in the *L+. If the fla! is set in the &L+, switchin! to acti#e mode re uires a normal location updatin! of the MS

(C) Type periodic registration: 2eriodic re!istration is a type of location updatin! procedure that is used to a#oid unnecessary pa!in! of the mo"ile in cases where the MSC ne#er recei#es the IMSI detach messa!e and also to pre#ent dama!e in case of data"ase failure

/2" 0 $ ! % M ! % &V L #

/10 $ ' !

/2 a0

/' "0 /'a0 /(0

F igu re 1 04 .! L o cation U pd a tin g ,typ ep erio dic re gistration .

Figure A04.((: Location Updating, type periodic regi"tration. 1. The MS is informed #ia the system information if periodic re!istration is used in the cell. If periodic re!istration is used, the MS is told how often it must re!ister. The time is set "y a counter where the #alues are 3 to 2,, deci4hours /a unit of si5 minutes0. If the parameter is set to 6ero means periodic re!istration is not used, if the parameter is set to twenty for e5ample, then MS must re!ister e#ery two hours 2. The procedure is controlled "y a timer "oth in the MS and in MSC 'a. when the timer in the MS e5pires, the MS performs a location updatin!, type periodic re!istration and the timers in MS and MSC restart '". In the MSC there is a time scannin! function for the MS, if the MS does not re!ister within the determined inter#al plus a !uard time, then the scannin! function in MSC detects this and the MS is fla!!ed as detached

*. %a !etup:
Call set up can "e classified into two ma7or cate!ories, they are /i0 Call 8rom MS /Mo"ile 9ri!inated call0 /ii0 Call to MS /Mo"ile Terminated call0

/i0

Call 8rom MS /Mo"ile 9ri!inated Call0

Figure A04.(*: Mo+i e Originating ca e"ta+ i")ment. 1. The MS re uests a S%CC& usin! +AC& 2. The MS indicates that it wants to set up a call. The identity of the MS, IMSI is analy6ed and the MS is mar1ed as "usy in the *L+ '. Authentication is performed (. Cipherin! may "e initiated. ,. The MSC recei#es a setup messa!e from the MS. This includes the 1ind of ser#ice the MS wants and the $4num"er. MSC #erify that the MS doesn:t ha#e ser#ices li1e "arrin! of out!oin! calls. If the MS is not "arred, the setup of call proceeds. -. $etween the MSC and the $SC a lin1 is esta"lished and a 2CM time slot is sei6ed. The MSC sends a re uest to the $SC to assi!n a TC&. The $SC assi!ns a TC& to the call /if there is an idle TC& a#aila"le0 and tells the $TS to acti#ate the channel. The $TS sends an ac1nowled!ement when the acti#ation is completed and the $SC orders the MS to switch o#er to the TC&. The $SC informs the MSC when the assi!nment is complete. .. An alert messa!e is sent to the MS indicatin! that a rin!in! tone has "een !enerated on the other side. The rin!in! tone !enerated in the e5chan!e on the $4 su"scri"er side is sent t the MS #ia the !roup switch in the MSC. ;. When the $ su"scri"er answers, the networ1 sends a connect messa!e to the MS indicatin! that the call is accepted . The MS returns a connect ac1nowled!ement which completes the call set4up.

/ii0

Call to MS /Mo"ile Terminated Call0

/10

2ST<

Transit ?5chan!e

/20

= M SC
/-a0

/'0 /,0

&L+

/-"0

M SC )*L+
Si!nalin! connection Speech path

/(0

/.0

$SC
/;0 /;0

/>0

/>0

$ '!

$ '!

Figure A04.(,: %a to M! -rom .!'/.

1. The num"er dialed "y the callin! party is called the Mo"ile station IS%< num"er
/MSIS%<0. If the call is "ein! made from a 2ST< e5chan!e, the e5chan!e analyses the num"er and decides that the call is for a =SM su"scri"er 2. 8rom 2ST<, the call is routed to the =MSC in the home 2LM< of the called MS. '. $y analy6in! the MSIS%<, the =MSC finds out which &L+ the su"scri"er is re!istered in. =MSC as1s the &L+ for information so the call can "e routed to the MSC)*L+ where the MS is temporarily re!istered. (. The &L+ contacts the *L+ and !ets the roamin! num"er. ,. The &L+ forwards the roamin! num"er to the =MSC. -a. With the help of the roamin! num"er, the =MSC can appropriate MSC. -". The call is routed to the MSC route the call to the

7. The MSC knows which location area the MS is located in and sends a paging message to the BSCs handling this location area.
;. The $SC distri"utes the pa!in! messa!e to the $TSs in the LA >. The $TSs pa!e the MS usin! IMSI

0i1 Intra $!% 2ando3er:

Figure A04.(4: Intra $!% )ando3er o- a ca . 1. ?#ery (;3ms /two times per second0, the MS sends a measurement report to the $TS with measurements from the ser#in! cell and the "est nei!h"orin! cells. 2. The $TS adds its own measurements made on the TC&, uplin1 and forwards the report to the $SC. In the $SC the locatin! function determines if it is necessary to hando#er the call to another cell "ecause of poor uality or low si!nal stren!th in the ser#in! cell. 3. If the $SC decides that a hando#er is re uired it orders the $TS in the new cell to acti#ate a TC& 4. 9ne new TC& is "ein! allocated and when the new TC& is ac1nowled!ed, the $SC sends messa!e to the MS #ia the old $TS with the information a"out the fre uency, time slot and output power to chan!e to. 5. The MS tunes to the new fre uency and sends &ando#er access /&90 "ursts on the appropriate timeslot. i.e. 8ACC& 6. When the $TS detects the &9 access "ursts it sends physical information containin! the timin! ad#ance o the MS on the 8ACC&. The $TS also informs the $SC "y sendin! a &9 detection messa!e 7. The MS sends a &ando#er complete messa!e. . The old $TS is ordered to deacti#ate the old TC& and its associated si!nalin! channel /SACC&0 %urin! this intra $SC hando#er, the $SC handles e#erythin! without any in#ol#ement from the MSC. &owe#er to 1eep trac1 of statistics, the $SC informs the MSC when a hando#er is performed.

0ii1 Inter $!% 2ando3er: %urin! the hand o#er, if the nei!h"orin! cell which is !oin! to accept the call, "elon!s to another $SC, then inter $SC hando#er ta1es place.

Figure A04.(4: Inter $!% )ando3er o- a ca .

1. The ser#in! $SC sends a &ando#er re uired messa!e to the MSC to!ether with the identity of the new cell. 2. The MSC 1nows which $SC controls this $TS and sends a &ando#er +e uest to the new $SC. '. The $SC orders the $TS to acti#ate a TC&, if there is an idle one a#aila"le. (. When the new $TS acti#ates the TC&, the $SC sends information a"out the output power, TS, fre uency and hando#er reference to the MSC. ,. The MSC passes this information to the old $SC. -. The MS is told to chan!e to the new TC& and also !ets the hando#er reference in a &ando#er Command messa!e. .. The MS tunes to the new fre uency and sends &9 "ursts, containin! the hando#er reference, on the 8ACC& ;. When the new $TS detects the &9 access "urst it sends physical information containin! timin! ad#ance to the MS on the 8ACC&. >. The new $TS also informs the new $SC "y sendin! a &9 detection messa!e. The new $SC in turn informs the MSC. The new path throu!h the !roup switch in the MSC is setup. 13. When the MS recei#es the physical info. it sends a &9 complete messa!e. 11. 12. The new $SC passes the &9 complete info. to the old $SC, #ia the MSC The old TC& and SACC& are deacti#ated "y the $TS

0iii1

Inter M!% 2ando3er:

%urin! the &ando#er, if the new cell "elon!s to another MSC, it is called Inter MSC &ando#er.

Figure A04.(5: Inter M!% )ando3er o- a ca . 1. The ser#in! $SC sends &9 re uired to the MSC. 2. The old MSC as1s the new MSC for help. '. The new MSC allocates a hando#er num"er in order to reroute the call. A &9 re uest is sent to the new $SC. (. The new $SC, in cases where there is an idle TC& in the tar!et cell, tells the new $TS to acti#ate a TC&. ,. The new MSC recei#es the information a"out the new TC& and &9 reference. -. The TC& description and &ando#er reference is passed on to the old MSC to!ether with the &9 num"er. .. A lin1 is setup "etween the old and new MSC. ;. A &9 command messa!e is sent to the MS with info. a"out which fre uency and timeslot to use in new cell and what &9 reference to use in &9 access "urst >a. The MS tunes to the new fre uency and sends &9 access "ursts on the 8ACC&. >". When the new $TS detects the &9 access "urst it sends physical info. containin! TA to the MS on the 8ACC&. 13. The old MSC is informed a"out the detection of &9 "ursts. 11. A &9 complete messa!e is sent from the MS. The new $SC and MSC inform the old MSC. The old MSC is informed to the old $SC and the old TC& is released.

,. !)ort Me""age !er3ice:

M!

$!! /10 /20

M!%&VL#

!M!7I8M!%

!%

/'0 /(0 /,0 /-0 /.0

Figure no. 104.13 Mo"ile originated s#ort message trans$er

Figure A04.(6: Mo+i e Originated !)ort Me""age 'ran"-er.

1. The MS sends ser#ice re uest messa!e to the MSC)*L+, with the ser#ice type information element indicatin! SMS. The MSC)*L+ may perform authentication and initiate cipherin! 2. A protocol called Control 2rotocol /C20 messa!e carries the short messa!e from the MS to the MSC)*L+. A C2 ac1nowled!e messa!e is returned to MS '. In the *L+, a chec1 is performed to see whether the su"scri"er has an SMS su"scription and also it chec1s other authentication. When the MS has passed all the chec1s, the short messa!e is transferred to SMS4IWMSC (. The short Messa!e is transferred to the SC. ,.- A deli#ery or failure report is sent "ac1 to ser#in! MSC)*L+ #ia SMS4IWMSC dependin! on whether the deli#ery of short messa!e is successful or not. .. A C2 data messa!e carries the positi#e or ne!ati#e ac1nowled!ement "ac1 to MS and finally a C2 ac1nowled!ement messa!e is returned to the MSC)*L+

0i1

Mo+i e 'erminated !M!:

Figure A04.(9: !ucce""-u mo+i e terminated ")ort me""age tran"-er. 1. A short messa!e to a MS is always routed from the SC to the SMS4 =MSC. 2. The SMS4=MSC re uests routin! info. from the &L+ "y means of the massa!e send routin! info. for SMS. The messa!e mainly contains the MSIS%< of the called su"scri"er. '. The &L+ loo1s for su"scri"er data, related to the recei#ed MSIS%< num"er. Chec1s are performed. The results sent "ac1 to SMS4=MSC, can either "e an unsuccessful or successful e#ent indication. (. The MSC address recei#ed from the &L+ is used for sendin! the messa!e to the MSC where the MS is currently located. In the MSC)*L+ the identity of the MS is deri#ed from the IMSI recei#ed in this messa!e. The $SS ordered to pa!e the MS pro#ided the MS re!istered in the MSC)*L+ not in detached state or "usy. The MS is pa!ed usin! the TMSI or the IMSI. After the MS responded to the pa!in!, the procedures for security related functions are performed. The short messa!e is transferred to the MS on a S%CC&, if the MS is idle@ and on the SACC&, if the MS is acti#e. ,. The successful deli#ery of a short messa!e is returned to the SMS4 =MSC as a result messa!e. In case of failure, an error messa!e is returned -. The deli#ery report is sent to the SMS SC