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Design Process and Engineering Drawing

The document discusses the engineering design process and engineering drawings. It describes the main steps in design as conceptual design, preliminary design, and detail design. Preliminary design develops the initial concept to a point where detail design can begin. Detail design completes the preliminary design and provides final instructions for manufacturing. The document then focuses on the rules, techniques, and methods for developing detailed engineering drawings according to ANSI standards, including different views, projections, dimensions, and sheet layout.

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Design Process and Engineering Drawing

Uploaded by

samfoolery

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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DESIGN PROCESS AND ENGINEERING DRAWING

ME 240 INTRODUCTION TO DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING

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Steps in the Design Process

Conceptual Design

Preliminary Design

Detail Design

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Preliminary (Embodiment) Design

Preliminary design is that part of the design process in which, starting from the concept of a technical product, the design is developed, in accordance with technical and economic criteria to the point where subsequent detail design can lead directly to manufacturing

General objectives: Fulfillment of technical function Economic feasibility Individual and environmental safety Governing rules: Clarity Simplicity Safety
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Preliminary (Embodiment) Design

Principles of Embodiment Design: Principles of force transmission
Flowlines of force; Uniform strength; short force transmission path; Matched deformations; etc.

Principle of the division of tasks

Assignment of sub-functions;

Principle of self-help
Self reinforcing solutions; Self balancing; Self protection; etc

Etc.

Methods/Guidelines for Embodiment Design: Design for X

X = Strength; Deformation; Creep & relaxation; Corrosion; Production; Etc.

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Detail Design
Detail design is that part of the design process which completes the preliminary/embodiment design with final instructions and information about the layout, form, dimensions and surface properties of all individual components, the definitive selection of materials and a final scrutiny of the manufacturing methods and costs.

Steps of Detail Design: Finalizing the definitive layout Integration of individual components into assemblies Completion of production documents
The most important aspect of detail design is the preparation of the production documents and especially of detailed component drawings, of assembly drawings and of parts lists (BOMs).

We will focus now on the rules, techniques and methods of developing detailed component drawings and specifications.
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Example of an Engineering Drawing

Dimensioned according to ANSI

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Projections
3-D Projections:

Multiview Projections:

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Projections
Projection Plane View Point Projection Plane

Perspective Projection

Orthographic Projection

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Third Angle Projection

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Standard Views in Third Angle Projection

Preferred Views

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First Angle Projection

Preferred Views

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First and Third Angle Projection

Summary of standard use and symbols:

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Auxiliary Views

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Sections and Detail Views

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Representation of Threaded Features

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Sheet Layout

ANSI sizes
A B C Etc. 8.50 x 11.00 11.00 x 17.00 17.00 x 22.00 Title block

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ASSEMBLY DRAWING

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PART DRAWINGS

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Line Usage
Outlines, edges of planes, etc. Hidden lines Center lines (axes of rotation) Witness and leader lines 25 25

Dimension lines

EXAMPLE:

Center line Hidden line

Leader line Visible line Dimension line

25
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Extension (witness) line

Dimension Placement
Some important rules:
Dimension lines should lie outside of the outline of the part whenever possible Dimension lines should not cross one another Dimensions should be included on a view that shows the true length of the feature Each feature should be dimensioned only once Dimension lines should be aligned or grouped to promote clarity whenever possible The numerical dimensions and arrows should be placed between the extension lines where space permits Dimensions should be no closer than about 10 mm from the objects outline Dimensions should be placed in clear spaces, as close as possible to the feature they describe

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Dimension Placement
Some important rules (continued):
Extension lines may cross visible lines of the object Dimension lines and extension lines should not cross, if possible. Extension lines may cross other extension lines A center line may be extended to serve as an extension line Centerlines should not extend from view to view Leader lines are usually sloped at about 30, 45, or 60 degrees and are never horizontal or vertical There should be no redundant dimensions Dimensions related to function or manufacturing should be given Numerical values of dimensions should be centered between arrowheads Numerical values of dimensions should be standard values if possible

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