Advanced Ubuntu Sheet PDF

The document provides an overview of common package management, hardware information tools, and recovery options in Ubuntu. It summarizes commands for installing, upgrading, searching for, and managing packages with dpkg, gdebi, and apt. It also lists commands for viewing hardware details, loaded modules, and recovery tools like SystemRescueCd.

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Advanced Ubuntu Sheet PDF

Uploaded by

Anastasia Burchalova

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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ubuntu cheat sheet

Package Management:
dpkg
Example package package_1.0-2_i386.deb sudo dpkg -i package.deb # installs package sudo dpkg -r package # removes package sudo dpkg -S <filename> # which package contains filename sudo dpkg -s package # status or info. on package sudo dpkg --reconfigure package # re-run configure script(s) Flags: -G do not overwright, - overwright if newer -! recursive

gdebi
sudo gde i package # same as dpkg -i ut works like apt-get since it will install dependences from repositories. gdebi-g"k for !"#

ap"-ge"
sudo ap"-ge" upda"e sudo ap"-ge" upgrade sudo ap"-ge" dis"-upgrade sudo ap"-ge" ins"all <package name> sudo ap"-ge" c#eck sudo ap"-ge" au"oremo$e # updates package list # installs new updated packages # smart upgrade to new packages # installs package # check for roken packages # remove an$ orphaned packages

ap"-cac#e
ap"-cac#e searc# <s"ring> ap"-cac#e s#o% <package> ap"-cac#e s#o%pkg <package> ap"-cac#e depends <package> ap"-cac#e rdepends <package> # search name and description # all the information on a package # all dependencies # what it depends on # what depends on it

ap"-file
sudo ap"-ge" ins"all ap"-file sudo ap"-file upda"e ap"-file searc# <s"ring> ap"-file lis" <package> # needs to e installed # s$nc will all repositories # searches for string, local and remote # list contents of package even if not installed

ap"-cac#er
#f $ou have man$ " untu s$stems $ou can cache the apt repositor$ with apt-cacher sudo ap"-ge" ins"all ap"-cac#er # install apt-cacher on server default port apt-cacher is running on is por" 31&2 read: #""p'((%%%.debun"u.org(#o%-"o-se"-up-a-reposi"or)-cac#e-%i"#-ap"-cac#er

s)nap"ic

*o roll back "o a pre$ious $ersion' %) &elect the package so it is highlighted ') From the menu (ackage-)Force *ersion or +trl-e ,) (ick the version $ou want from the dialog +ns"all b) "ask' !roups of packages that make up a task like -./( Edit -) 0/ark (ackages $ 1ask2

Building From Source

3est to follow instructions from package usuall$ a 0tar.g42 or 0tar. 4'2. For the latest code $ou will need to gra the source from the repositor$ with +*&, &*5, !#1 (also install curl), 367 or mercurial. For the example $ou need build-essen"ials, gi" and au"oconf package installed elinks example (http:88elinks.or.c48download.html) : %. gi" clone #""p'((elinks.c,(elinks.gi" # gets the source code '. 7ead the ! -./ and8or +0S*-11 files for instructions9 ,. .(au"ogen.s# # will generate the configure script if it is missing. :. .(configure # install an$ needed dev or re;uisites until runs clean. also set options at this point <. .(make # or 0make all2 will compile the code. &ome sets will include a 0make test2 to verif$ the code efore install. =. sudo .(make ins"all # installs the code

The Debian alternatives system

For some special classes of applications which have man$ programs that can e used, >e ian allows $ou to choose which particular alternative $ou wish to e used, glo all$. 1ext editors or edi"or ?e rowser or %%%-bro%ser ?indow managers or 2-%indo%-manager (e"c(al"erna"i$es(<name> # the s$m-links used sudo upda"e-al"erna"i$es --all # parse through all names upda"e-al"erna"i$es --displa) <name> # show current setting sudo upda"e-al"erna"i$es --configure <name> # pick a new installed version upda"e-al"erna"i$es --lis" name # show all options for name

Controlling Services
(e"c(ini".d(<ser$ice> # is the director$ will all the # control scripts for diamonds

sudo (e"c(ini".d(ss# reload # will reload 8etc8ssh8sshd@config 1o control runlevels aka what runs during oot: !"# A bum 34oo" 5p /anager 6 ( needs to e installed ) terminal A s)s$config ( needs to e installed ) note: it will give $ou the service command as in 0sudo service ssh reload2

runle$els in .ebian(5bun"u are 5B1 the same as 7edCat: D &$stem Calt % &ingle user 2 7ull mul"i-user mode 3.efaul"6 ,-< &ame as ' = &$stem 7e oot .s of " untu E.D: (e"c(ini""ab has een removed since upstart is used. 1he file (e"c(e$en".d(rc-defaul" is in control during oot

Controlling Processes

use ps and ps"ree to locate processes. "se &hift-(g"p8(g>n to move up and down in a 11F session &ince " untu starts in runlevel ' therefore gdm 3Gnome .ispla) /anager 6 is left as parent of G-?indows. ( $ou ma$ have kdm or xdm ) #f $ou want to compile and install graphics card drivers $ou must use a 11F ( .lt-+trl-F%-)< ) then stop G-?indows and the displa$ manager. -l"-8"rl-79 is $our !raphics +ard, -l"-8"rl-78 standard error #n !nome $ou can use the 0S)s"em /oni"or2 to control processes "se lsof to list which processes have what files open

Logs
($ar(log(messages ($ar(log(boo" ($ar(log(debug ($ar(log(au"#.log ($ar(log(daemon.log ($ar(log(dmesg ($ar(log(dpkg.log ($ar(log(faillog ($ar(log(kern.log ($ar(log(lpr.log ($ar(log(user.log ($ar(log(2org.0.log ($ar(log(fsck(: ($ar(log(appor".log # !eneral log messages # &$stem oot log # >e ugging log messages # "ser login and authentication logs # 7unning services # -inux kernel ring uffer log # .ll inar$ package logs # "ser failed login log file # Hernel log file # (rinter log file # .ll userlevel logs # G.org log file # fsck command log # .pplication crash report I log file

Hard are !n"ormation

lsde$ sudo ls#% (lshw-gtk) lspci lsusb lsmod lspcmcia ls#al #ardinfo # devices in the 8dev tree # ver ose hardware details # devices recogni4ed for a driver # what is connected on the "&3 us # -oaded kernel modules # devices connected to the pcmcia us # ver ose hardware a straction la$er # ver ose !"# of hardware details (needs to e installed )also has hardware enchmarks

#ecovery $ectors

3oot from +>, S)s"em!escue8d is recommended, since it can e use to work on all i,J= ased s$stems including windows s$stems. (%%%.s)sresccd.org) #f using &$stem7escue+> to gain network access use ;ne"-se"up e"#0; "se recover$ tools like <e2fsck -c$ (de$(<dri$e>; to fix drives as needed. /ount the partition $ou wish to recover. 1hen cd to that drive, $ou can fix 8 oot8gru mistakes etc. cd to the K8K of the drive and use <c#roo" (de$(<disk> bas#; to move K8K to the install ase $ou want to recover. 5ow $ou can use apt or dpkg to fix things