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13sheet1 Analysis Cambridge IB

1. The sequence of functions fn(x) = xn converges uniformly on the interval (0,1) but not on the other intervals. 2. It is possible to construct a sequence of continuous functions on [-1,1] that converges pointwise to the zero function but not uniformly. 3. The pointwise sum of uniformly converging sequences converges uniformly, but the pointwise product may not unless the functions are bounded.

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107 views1 page

13sheet1 Analysis Cambridge IB

1. The sequence of functions fn(x) = xn converges uniformly on the interval (0,1) but not on the other intervals. 2. It is possible to construct a sequence of continuous functions on [-1,1] that converges pointwise to the zero function but not uniformly. 3. The pointwise sum of uniformly converging sequences converges uniformly, but the pointwise product may not unless the functions are bounded.

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nickthegreek142857
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Mich.

2013

ANALYSIS IIEXAMPLES 1

PAR

1. Which of the following sequences (fn ) of functions converge uniformly on the set X ? (a) fn (x) = xn on X = (0, 1);
2

1 (b) fn (x) = xn on X = (0, 2 );

(c) fn (x) = xenx on X = [0, );

(d) fn (x) = ex sin(x/n) on X = R. 2. Construct a sequence (fn ) of continuous real-valued functions on [1, 1] converging pointwise to the zero 1 function but with 1 fn 0. + Is it possible to nd such a sequence with |fn (x)| 1 for all n and for all x? 3. Let (fn ) and (gn ) be sequences of real-valued functions on a subset X of R converging uniformly to f and g respectively. Show that the pointwise sum fn + gn converges uniformly to f + g . On the other hand, show that the pointwise product fn gn need not converge uniformly to f g , but that if both f and g are bounded then fn gn does converge uniformly to f g . What if f is bounded but g is not? 4. Let (fn ) be a sequence of real-valued continuous functions on a closed, bounded interval [a, b], and suppose that fn converges pointwise to a continuous function f . Show that if fn f uniformly and (xm ) is a sequence of points in [a, b] with xm x then fn (xn ) f (x). On the other hand, show that if fn does not converge uniformly to f then we can nd a convergent sequence xm x in [a, b] such that fn (xn ) f (x). 5. Which of the following functions f : [0, ) R are (a) uniformly continuous; (b) bounded? (i)f (x) = sin x2 ; (ii) f (x) = inf {|x n2 | : n N}; (iii) f (x) = (sin x3 )/(x + 1).

6. Show that if (fn ) is a sequence of uniformly continuous, real-valued functions on R, and if fn f uniformly, then f is uniformly continuous. Give an example of a sequence of uniformly continuous, realvalued functions (fn ) on R such that fn converges pointwise to a function f which is continuous but not uniformly continuous. 7. Suppose that f : [0, ) R is continuous, and that f (x) tends to a (nite) limit as x . Must f be uniformly continuous on [0, )? Give a proof or counterexample as appropriate. 8. Is there a real power series with radius of convergence 1 that converges uniformly on (1, 1)? 9. Let
n=1

an be an absolutely convergent series of real numbers.


n m=1

(a) Dene a sequence (fn ) of functions on [, ] by fn (x) = n dierentiable with fn (x) = m=1 mam cos mx.

am sin mx. Show that each fn is

(b) Show that f (x) = m=1 am sin mx denes a continuous function on [, ], but that the series ma cos mx need not converge. m m=1 10. Show that, for any x X = R {1, 2, 3, . . . }, the series m=1 (x m)2 converges. Dene f : X R n by f (x) = m=1 (x m)2 , and for n = 1, 2, 3, . . . , dene fn : X R by fn (x) = m=1 (x m)2 . Does the sequence (fn ) converge uniformly to f on X ? Is f continuous? 11. Let f be a dierentiable, real-valued function on R, and suppose that f is bounded. Show that f is uniformly continuous. Let g : [1, 1] R be the function dened by g (x) = x2 sin(1/x2 ) for x = 0 and g (0) = 0. Show that g is dierentiable, but that its derivative is unbounded. Is g uniformly continuous? 12. Construct a function f : [0, 1] R which is not the pointwise limit of any sequence of continuous functions. 13. Let (fn ) be a sequence of continuous, real-valued functions on [0, 1] converging pointwise to a function f . Prove that there is some subinterval [a, b] of [0, 1] with a < b on which f is bounded.

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