GPON/FTTH

PTCL Training & Development

Content Development Team

Muhammad Usman Muhammad Pervaz Ahmad Muhammad Zeeshan $asir Mahmood, Muhammad Pervez, &amil Ahmed, &amil(ud(din, Muhammad Zaheer, Muhammad Umer Faroo*, Ahmad Ali Shah, ,hulam Musta a,
Senior Instructor, PTC Lahore Senior Instructor, PTC Faisalabad Senior Instructor, PTCL Sta Colle!e, "ari#ur Lecturer, PTCL Academ%, Islamabad Lecturer, PTCL Sta Colle!e, "ari#ur Lecturer, PTC Pesha'ar Instructor, PTC Multan Instructor, PTC )uetta &unior Instructor, PTC +arachi &unior Instructor, PTC Pesha'ar &unior Instructor, PTC Su--ur

PTCL Training & Development

Objectives
After completion of this course, the participants will be able to:
List the limitations of traditional copper based access network and explain how !O" addresses these limitations #escribe the Architecture of an optical access network $dentif% the components and operation of !O" #escribe &e% !O" technolo'%(

PTCL Training & Development

*ontents
+( Overview of Optical Access "etwork 2( ,asic *oncepts of !O" 3( )( 0( 2( !O" -tandards !O" .eference /odel !O" &e% 1echnolo'ies !O" /ana'ement and -ervice !rovisionin' !O" "etwork

3( ,asic -ervices over

PTCL Training & Development

Overview of Access "etwork

PTCL Training & Development

Definition (AN)
$t is access of customer to the telecommunication services or vice versa( 1raditionall% it was called OSP (Out i!e Plant) or L" 4Local "etwork5 or Local Loop( Access "etwork is a network that connects a user to the telecommunication services(

PTCL Training & Development

Access Network

"%

A&&e
L"

Net'or(
"ND #S"$

"%

AN is called the last mile of Telecom Netw

PTCL Training & Development

Role of AN in the Operator7s Business

Final tool for service delivery to the end users
Quality & flexibility of AN determine the speed and quality of service to the end users a!or cost factor for the

operator

a competitive environment *nd user oriented+ ,enerates revenue for operators

-ervices node

Accounts for about "#$%#& of total telecom net'or( investment )ery important in

-ervices
Access Net'or( *nd user

otive. revenue

/ood AN+ Better -ervices+

6
PTCL Training & Development

ore Revenue 0
+36

1%pes of Access "etworks

9 :ired Access "etworks
*opper wired Access "etworks

2 :;Loop for !O1-, $-#",<#-L

9 =iber optic based access "etworks

=11, =11* =11>
9 =or !O1-, $-#",<#-L, ?O$!, 1?, /-A"(

9 >%brid =iber;*oaxial *able -%stems

Access network for the cable 1? networks, $nternet, ?O$!(

9 :ireless Access -%stem 4:LL5

*#/A :i;/Ax

PTCL Training & Development

C)ara&teri ti& of 4raditional Access

Feeder layer 7$% (m 5istribution layer 5rop layer %##m$6 6#$7## m (m ** #(!
1onnection 1abinet 5istribution Box

ode

8*
1entral office

9-*R

1opper 1ables Based

2oint to point3star architecture 4ailored to voice3lo' speed data passive

+@

PTCL Training & Development

8imitation of 4raditional Access

Feeder layer 7$% (m

ode

8*
1entral office

5istribution layer 5rop layer %##m$6 6#$7## m (m ** #(!

1onnection 1abinet 5istribution Box

9-*R

1opper 1ables Based

-mall covera,e 8imited band'idth aintenance complexity Reliability cut do'n 4raditional access mode has become the *normous Abottlenec(B of modern telecom net'or(0 investment
++
PTCL Training & Development

:o' to Overcome the Abottlenec(B

Optical ;nte,rated -ervices Access Net'or(

Advanta,es. <ide 1overa,e Broad Band'idth *asy aintenance :i,h Reliability 8o' ;nvestment
PTCL Training & Development

+2

+)@

Access "etwork -tatus

.urin! the current #eriod o transition, !lobal telecom carriers need to/ 01 2nhance service com#etitiveness and #rovide more services1 31 Increase A4PU 5Avera!e 4evenue Per User6 value and reduce the maintenance cost b% bindin! multi#le services1 71 Im#rove customers8 satis action on the net'or- and reduce the customer churn rate1 To make a success in the transition, increasing the bandwidth is the prerequisite.
+3
PTCL Training & Development

$ntroduction;,roadband -ervices
9 ?oice services revenue is 'ettin' flat 9 On a world wide basis, the market is callin' out for broadband which allows for the wide ran'e of applications and products e('(,
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
+)

>i'h speed internet access -ophisticated telephon% services >i'h definition 1? ?ideo on demand "etwork based 'amin' /usic and movin' down load Cducation and business based video conferencin' 1elemedicine(
PTCL Training & Development

"arrowband and ,roadband -ervices

$nternet connection speed 02& dial;up modem 202& broadband 0+2& broadband +/b broadband 2/b broadband )/b broadband 2/b broadband 6/b broadband +0 1ime to down load a 1ime to down load a -treamin' video t%pical web pa'e t%pical 0 min son' Dualit% +) sec 3 sec +(2 sec @(6 sec @() sec @(+ sec $nstantaneous $nstantaneous
PTCL Training & Development

+2 min 3@ sec 3 min + min 3@ sec )+ sec 2@ sec 0 sec $nstantaneous $nstantaneous

; Low Eualit%

/edium Eualit%

1? Eualit%

>ow to provide ,roadband services throu'h Access "etwork

9 9 9 9 9 9 #i'ital -ubscriber Line *able /odem =iber in 1he Loop :ireless -atellite ,roadband over !ower Lines

+2

PTCL Training & Development

Development Tren! of t)e A&&e * All over +P

<ireless )oice Online /amin, <ireless 5ata :i,h -peed ;nternet -treamin,

Net'or(

8ocation & 2resence

-ervic e

5irectory

5ial@up

-tora,e

essa,e

)ideo

)oice

)oice

essa,e

)o;2 =>?%

5ata

FR ;2

*th3;23 28A,,re,ation Net'or(

1ore

ON

A4 2-4N -5: 1able

es r el <i

GP FT TH

25:

Access

A5-8 *thernet /- 3/2R- 15 A

5-8

+3

PTCL Training & Development

What is FTTH?
// CO/H"

Copper Fi,er

CO/H" //

Ol! net'or( / optimi0e! for voi&e

- .,p

CO/H"

//

Opti&al net'or( / optimi0e! for voi&e/ vi!eo an! !ata

+6

1 G,p 2

"ote: network ma% be aerial or under'round

PTCL Training & Development

What is FTTH?
9 3An OAN in ')i&) t)e ON# i on or 'it)in t)e &u tomer4 premi e5 Alt)oug) t)e fir t in talle! &apa&it6 of a FTTH net'or( varie / t)e upgra!e &apa&it6 of a FTTH net'or( e7&ee! all ot)er tran mi ion me!ia58 OAN9 Opti&al A&&e Net'or( ON#9 Opti&al Net'or( #nit OLT9 Opti&al Line Termination

OA"
CO/H" //

OL1
+8
PTCL Training & Development

O"F

F"AT#$"S OF OPT+CAL F+:"$

>i'h 1ransmission *apacit% Low Attenuation Lon' .epeater -pacin' "o *ross talk and -i'nal Leaka'e -mall siGe and Li'ht wei'ht -ecurit% of service

2@

PTCL Training & Development

D+SAD;ANTAG"S OF OPT+CAL F+:"$

-mall bendin' causes radiation loss Optical =iber connections need to ali'n the fiber core with fine precision A ver% small flaw 4hole5 at the fiber surface weaken the stren'th of fiber Optical =iber is ver% =ra'ile

2+

PTCL Training & Development

Why FTTH? - fiber versus copper

9 A sin'le copper pair is capable of carr%in' 2 phone calls A sin'le fiber pair is capable of carr%in' over 2(0 million simultaneous phone calls 2) channels at 2(0 bHs5 A fiber optic cable with the same information;carr%in' capacit% 4bandwidth5 as a comparable copper cable is less than +I of both the siGe and wei'ht

22

PTCL Training & Development

Why FTTH? - fiber versus copper

lass
9 9 9 # e lig)t Tran parent Diele&tri& material* non&on!u&tive ".+ immune Lo' t)ermal e7pan ion :rittle/ rigi! material C)emi&all6 ta,le

*opper
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 # e ele&tri&it6 Opa<ue "le&tri&all6 &on!u&tive material Su &epti,le to ".+ Hig) t)ermal e7pan ion Du&tile material Su,=e&t to &orro ion an! galvani& rea&tion Fortunatel6/ it re&6&la,le

9 9 9

23

PTCL Training & Development

:hat is a =iber Optic *ableJ

9 An opti&al fi,er 4or fi,er5 is a 'lass or plastic fiber desi'ned to 'uide li'ht alon' its len'th

2)

PTCL Training & Development

History of Optical Communication

"and si!nals, Fla!s and Smo-e Si!nals Li!ht Transmission throu!h bent 'ater 9et 0::: 0;;: 0=>3 0=>> 0=@: 0=@7 $ature o li!ht 'as de ined and la's o re lection !iven Photo Phone b% A1,1 <ell Laser diode Idea o o#tical iber or communication b% +ao ? "oc- ham Chemical va#or de#osition5AC.6 B 3: dbC +m b% Cornin! MCA. B0 dbC+m b% <ell S%stems

20

PTCL Training & Development

INTRODUCTION

LIGHT
22
PTCL Training & Development

To

La' of $efle&tion

1his law states that A when a ra% of li'ht is reflected from a surface, the an'le of reflection is eDual to the an'le of incidenceB(

23

PTCL Training & Development

La of Reflection
$ormal $ormal

i2 r2 iD r
3

iD r
0

26

PTCL Training & Development

$efra&tion
It is the bendin! o li!ht ra%s due to chan!es in the s#eed o #ro#a!ation 'hen li!ht enters rom one medium to another1

The an!le at 'hich the li!ht bends is a unction o the medium8s E indeF o re ractionG1

28

PTCL Training & Development

An,le of ;ncidence /lass Air An,le of Refraction /lass Air

1ritical An,le /lass Air

An,le of ;ncidence A An,le of Reflection /lass Air D

"

B##

T!e critical an"le of inci#ence$

3@
PTCL Training & Development

$efra&tion

n I n 3J n n H

Refraction of a light ray passing through an optically denser medium .

3+
PTCL Training & Development

+n!e7 of $efra&tion

It is the ratio o the s#eed o li!ht throu!h a medium to the s#eed o throu!h vacuum1
IndeF o re raction
Dn D

li!ht

Ac A!

32

PTCL Training & Development

+n!e7 of $efra&tion

It is e*ual to the sine o the an!le o incidence divided b% the sine o the an!le o re raction1
IndeF o re raction
Dn D

sin sin

i r

33

PTCL Training & Development

$efra&tive +n!i&e
MATERIAL
#!""$% !&' %('"$') #!PO$' *!T(' G+!,, D&!%OND

INDEX OF REFRACTION
-..... -..../ -....0 -./ -.1 2.3

Selected indices of refraction

3)
PTCL Training & Development

'ropa"ation 'rinciples in Optical %i&er

30
PTCL Training & Development

%i&er Optic 'rinciples

Optical fi&er is &asically a "lass ave"ui#e$

Different avelen"t!s of li"!t are #irecte# t!rou"! t!e fi&er core &y refraction ( reflection$ Different colors$ avelen"t!s relate to #ifferent

32

PTCL Training & Development

7avelen"t!
Invisi&le / 2isi&le / Invisi&le / Infrare# 0!i"! &an#1 3** - 4+* nm Ultra-violet 0lo -&an#1

5+* nm an# 1)** nm / 6ulti-mo#e L.D 1)1* nm an# 1++* nm / ,in"le-mo#e L.D

33

PTCL Training & Development

Li"!t 'ropa"ation in Optical %i&er

'ropa"ation of li"!t in an optical fi&er re8uires t!at t!e li"!t &e totally confine# it!in t!e fi&er$ T!e a&ove o&9ect can &e o&taine# in t o #ifferent ays Total Internal Reflection

Continuous Refraction

36

PTCL Training & Development

Total Internal Reflection

6ost i#ely use# met!o# for t!e propa"ation of li"!t t!rou"! optical fi&er is t!e total internal reflection$ T!e amount an# #irection of #eflection is #etermine# &y t!e amount of #ifference in refractive in#ices as ell as t!e an"le at !ic! t!e rays stri:e t!e &oun#ary$

38

PTCL Training & Development

Total Internal Reflection

5Continued6

%or inci#ence an"les e8ual to or "reater t!an t!e critical an"le; t!e "lass air &oun#ary ill act as a mirror an# no li"!t escape from t!e "lass$ .<ample=
n3 5,lass6 Sin K c 0 D n 5Air6 D 01L Sin =: 0 Sin Kc D :1>>>@ K c D M01;

)@

PTCL Training & Development

Total Internal Reflection

5Continued6

%or inci#ence an"les e8ual to or "reater t!an t!e critical an"le; t!e "lass air &oun#ary ill act as a mirror an# no li"!t escape from t!e "lass$ .<ample=
n3 5,lass6 Sin K c 0 D n 5Air6 D 01L Sin =: 0 Sin Kc D :1>>>@ K c D M01;

)+

PTCL Training & Development

Total Internal Reflection

5Continued6

Out Goin" Ray

Incomin" Ray

Light propagation within a flexible glass fiber.

)2

PTCL Training & Development

Continuous Refraction
2ery comple< core structure

5Continued6

Hi"! refractive in#e< 0n 1 at t!e center #ecreases "ra#ually to a lo er refractive in#e< 0n 1 at t!e circumference$
1 2

)3

PTCL Training & Development

Continuous Refraction

5Continued6

In step in#e< fi&er; t!e in#e< profile for a constant in#e< fi&er #isplays a s!arp step at t!e fi&er>s perimeter$ T!e varia&le in#e< fi&er s!o s an in#e< profile t!at !as its !i"!est value in t!e center an# slops a ay "ra#ually$ T!is is referre# to as a "ra#e#-in#e< fi&er$

))

PTCL Training & Development

Continuous Refraction
,T.' IND.A %[email protected]

5Continued6

GR?D.D IND.A %[email protected]

n0 n3
A comparison of index profiles for step-index and graded-index fibers.
)0
PTCL Training & Development

Continuous Refraction
n0 n3 n7 nM

5Continued6

Ho li"!t rays react to a "ra#ually c!an"in" in#e< B

n0 n3 n7 nM

Hypothetical Multilayer Fiber

)2
PTCL Training & Development

Continuous Refraction
3 ) 2 1

5Continued6

nM n n n n n n
7

+ C 4

3 0

3 7

Li"!t propa"ation it! in a !ypot!etical multi layer fi&er$

)3

PTCL Training & Development

Core 'rofile
01M=:

5Continued6

4e ractive IndeF .i erence

01M;L 01M;: 01M@L 01M@: 01M>L

Claddin!
C# "# ?#

>31L micron core

# ?# "#

Claddin!
C#

Fiber Radius (microns)

)6
PTCL Training & Development

Continuous Refraction

5Continued6

T!e effects of increasin" t!e num&er of refractive layers !ile maintainin" t!e same n

)8

PTCL Training & Development

Continuous Refraction
C2$T24

5Continued6

NUTSI.2

%OUR L?D.R,
0@
PTCL Training & Development

Continuous Refraction
C.NT.R

5Continued6

OUT,ID.

.IGHT
0+

L?D.R,

PTCL Training & Development

Continuous Refraction
C.NT.R

5Continued6

OUT,ID.

IN%INIT. L?D.R,
02
PTCL Training & Development

Gra#e# in#e< %i&er

Gra#e#-in#e< fi&er &ecomin" very popular for specialiEe# applications$ It is relatively e<pensive to manufacture; #ue to its comple< core structure$ It is also more #ifficult to or: it!$

03

PTCL Training & Development

T o 6et!o#s of Optical Confinement

?
Continuous 4e raction 5,raded IndeF Fiber6

@
Total Internal 4e raction 5Ste# IndeF Fiber6

0)

PTCL Training & Development

Classification of Optical %i&er

on the basis o

?reas of ?pplication

00

PTCL Training & Development

FI<24 NPTIC CA<L2S

Internal
.uct Cable Sim#leF Cord .u#leF Cord <rea-out Cable
.istribution Cable
.irect <urial Cable

2Fternal
Under!round Cables

Under'ater Cable

Short S#an Cable Lon! S#an Cable NP,O Cable Aerial Cables

02

PTCL Training & Development

Classification on ?pplication

Indoor cable .irect buried cable .uct cable Aerial cable Under'ater cable

03

PTCL Training & Development

Classification on ?pplication

In#oor ca&le .irect buried cable .uct cable Aerial cable Under'ater cable

06

PTCL Training & Development

@rea:out Ca&le

,imple< Cor#

Duple< fi"ure F 5 / Gip Cor#

08
PTCL Training & Development

@rea:out Ca&le

Continued

PAC sheath PAC 9ac-et Centre member <u ered N#tical Fiber Aramid %arn
2@
PTCL Training & Development

Distri&ution Ca&le

Aramid %arn N#tical Fiber Ti!ht bu er Flame retardant PAC ? zero halo!en sheath

2+

PTCL Training & Development

Classification on ?pplication

Indoor cable Direct &urie# ca&le .uct cable Aerial cable Under'ater cable

22

PTCL Training & Development

Direct @urrie# Ca&le

Central stren!th member &ell% illed loose tube P2 inner sheath
Corru!ated coated steel ta#e armour

Moisture barrier sheath P2 outer sheath

23

PTCL Training & Development

Classification on ?pplication

Indoor cable .irect buried cable Duct ca&le Aerial cable Under'ater cable

2)

PTCL Training & Development

DUCT C?@L.

Pol%eth%lene outer sheath Pol%ester ta#es &ell% stren!th member Small Loose tube N#tical iber
20
PTCL Training & Development

Classification on ?pplication

Indoor cable .irect buried cable .uct cable ?erial ca&le Under'ater cable

22

PTCL Training & Development

?erial %i&er Optic Ca&le

Several variations o Aerial cables are available or iber o#tic, de#endin! on the #lacement, a##lication and environment1

23

PTCL Training & Development

?.RI?L C?@L. F Ti"!t @uffer

Su##ortin! stren!th member P2 sheath Central stren!th member Ti!ht bu er

26

PTCL Training & Development

?.RI?L C?@L. F Loose Tu&e

N#tical iber Central stren!th member &ell% iled Loose tube Su##ortin! stren!th member

"i!h densit% P2 sheath

28

PTCL Training & Development

?.RI?L C?@L. - ,!ort ,pan

Central stren!th member Moister resistant 9ell% Loose tube P2 sheath Aramid %arn

"i!h densit% P2 sheath

3@

PTCL Training & Development

?.RI?L C?@L. F Lon" ,pan

N#tical Fiber &ell% Filled Slotted core P2 Inner sheath 4ods 4ein orcin!

P2 outer sheath

3+

PTCL Training & Development

Classification on ?pplication

Indoor cable .irect buried cable .uct cable Aerial cable Un#er ater ca&le

32

PTCL Training & Development

Un#er 7ater Ca&le

Central stren!th member N#tical ibers in loose tube "eat sealable ta#e P2 inner sheath Moisture barrier sheath <itumen la%er Armorin! 'ires P2 outer sheath

33

PTCL Training & Development

Conne&tor

+n ertion lo

$epeata,ilit6

Fi,er t6pe

Appli&ation

@(@2;+(@@ d,

@(2@d,

-/,//

1elecommunication

@(2@;@(0@d,

@(2@d,

-/,//

1elecommunication

@(2@;@(3@d,

@(2@d,

//

=iber Optic "etworks

@(0@;+(@@d,

@(2@d,

-/,//

#atacom,1elecommunicat ion

@(2@;@(3@d,

@(2@d,

-/,//

=iber Optic "etworks

3)

PTCL Training & Development

Conne&tor

+n ertion lo

$epeata,ilit6

Fi,er t6pe

Appli&ation

@(3@;+(@@d,

@(20d,

-/,//

>i'hdensit% $nterconnects

@(2@;@()0d,

@(+@d,

-/,//

1elecommunication

@(2;@()0d,

@(+@d,

-/,//

#atacom

@()@;@(6@d,

@(3@d,

//

/ilitar%

1%p(@()@d, 4-/5 1%p(@(0@d, 4//5

1%p(@()@d, 4-/5 1%p(@(2@d, 4//5

-/,//

$nner;Hintra;buildin' -ecurit%, "av%

30

PTCL Training & Development

?D?'T.R,

S !dapter

SM! !dapter

32

PTCL Training & Development

?D?'T.R,

Continued

"# !dapter

"$% !dapter

33

PTCL Training & Development

?D?'T.R,

Continued

&iconic !dapter

F' !dapter

36

PTCL Training & Development

?D?'T.R,

Continued

S' !dapter

Mini( &%' !dapter

38

PTCL Training & Development

9 Core

Optical =iber -tructure

1hin 'lass centre of the fiber where the li'ht travels

9 Cla!!ing Outer optical material surroundin' the core that reflects the li'ht back into the
core

9 Coating !lastic coatin' that protects the fiber from dama'e and moisture 9 Gla lass core 'lass claddin'
Lowest attenuation

9 Pla ti& !lastic core plastic claddin'

>i'hest attenuation

9 Pla ti&*&la! ili&a lass core plastic claddin'

$ntermediate attenuation

6@

PTCL Training & Development

T>P"S OF F+:$"S
15 S+NGL"*.OD" S+NGL"*.OD" $n sin'le;mode fibre onl% one ra%, or mode, of li'ht propa'ates down the core at a time( $t is used primaril% for telephon% and cable television applications, and is used increasin'l% for campus backbones(
6+
PTCL Training & Development

-5

.#LT+*.OD"

.#LT+*.OD"

/ulti;mode fibre was the first t%pe of fibre to be commercialiGed and is commonl% used for data communications( $n multi;mode fibre man% ra%s, or modes, of li'ht propa'ate down the core simultaneousl%( /ulti;mode fibre t%picall% is used in private premises networks, where si'nals are transmitted less than two kilometers(
62
PTCL Training & Development

?HAT +S TH" D+FF"$"NC"

S+NGL"*.OD"
+( #iameter of core is less 2( Onl% one mode is propa'ated 3( Fsed for -hort >aul K Lon' >aul 1ransmission

.#LT+*.OD"
+( 2( 3( #iameter of core is more /ore than one mode are propa'ated Fsed for -hort >aul transmission

63

PTCL Training & Development

=iber Optic $1F -tandards

9 G5@A1 ..F Lar'e core: 0@;22(0 microns in diameter 1ransmit infrared li'ht 4wavelen'thL60@ to +3@@ nm5 Li'ht Cmittin' #iode 9 G5@A- S.F -mall core: 6;+@ microns in diameter 1ransmit laser li'ht 4wavelen'thL +2@@ to +2@@ nm5 Laser #iode

6)

PTCL Training & Development

OPT+CAL F+:$" CA:L"

Slotted Core Inner Steel Armorin! 'olly-et!ylene Middle s!eet Poll%(eth%lene Poll%(eth%lene sheet sheet

%i&res

,tren"t!enin" mem&er Corru"ate# steel tape

60
PTCL Training & Development

=iber Optic *able *onstruction

62

PTCL Training & Development

:h% 1otal $nternal .eflection

9 *oncept
Li'ht travels throu'h the core constantl% bouncin' from the claddin'

9 #istance
A li'ht wave can travel 'reat distances because the claddin' does not absorb li'ht from the core

9 -i'nal de'radation
/ostl% due to impurities in the 'lass
63
PTCL Training & Development

.CA-O" O= A,-O.!1$O" LO--C- $" =$,C.

Atomic #efects in lass composition $mpurities of metal ions Clectronic absorption bands in the ultra;violet re'ion Atomic vibration bands in the near infrared re'ion $ntrinsic absorption

66

PTCL Training & Development

Attenuation ?s( :avelen'th

68

PTCL Training & Development

O;band C;band -;band *;band L;band F;band

8@

PTCL Training & Development

Optical =iber 1ransmission -%stem

9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Opti&al Tran mitter9 !roduces and encodes the li'ht si'nal( Opti&al Amplifier9 /a% be necessar% to boost the li'ht si'nal 4for lon' distance5 Opti&al $e&eiver9 .eceives and decodes the li'ht si'nal Opti&al Fi,er9 *onducts the li'ht si'nal over a distance

1x
8+

Amp

.x

PTCL Training & Development

Optical 1ransmitter
9Fun&tion9 Clectrical to optical converter 9T6pe 9
Li'ht Cmittin' #iode 4LC#5 Laser #iode 4L#5

9Compari on9 +tem #ata rate /ode #istance 1emp sensitivit% cost
82

L"D Low /ultimode short minor low

PTCL Training & Development

LD >i'h /ultimodeH-in'le mode lon' substantial expensive

Optical Amplifier
9 #efinition: amplifier 9 An optical fiber with a doped coatin' 9 >ow it works: /ost atoms in excited state rather then in 'round state :hen perturbed b% a photon, matter loses ener'% resultin' in the creation of another photon -econd photon is created with the same phase, freDuenc%, polariGation and direction of travel as the ori'inal( 1he perturbin' photon is not destro%in' in the process 9 Clements: Crbium;rare, so expensive Crbium #oped =iber Amplifier 4C#=A5

83

PTCL Training & Development

Optical .eceiver
9 Fun&tion9
Optical to electrical conversion(
$ 7

9 T6pe B p)oto !ete&tor9

A!# ; 4avalanche !hoto #iode5 !$" 4!ositive $ntrinsic "e'ative !hoto #iode5

9 Ho' it 'or( 9
ives an electrical pulse when struck b% li'ht

9 "rror:
1hermal noise is an issue( 1o make pulse powerful enou'h, the error rate can be made arbitraril% small
8)
PTCL Training & Development

Optical 1ransceiver
9 Definition: A transmitter and a receiver in a sin'le housin' 9 Pra&ti&al +mplementation9 1ransceivers t%picall% comes as -=! -mall;form;factor plu''able unit
T%

$ 7

80

PTCL Training & Development

Moinin' =ibers ; connectors

9 Propertie 9 ood ali'nmentHcorrect orientation( !resentation at the termination point of the fiber Alwa%s introduce some loss 9 Conne&tor t6pe 9 Amount of matin' c%cles L*, =*, -*,N 9 Color &o!e A!* 'reen !* ; blue
82
PTCL Training & Development

Optical !ower -plitter

9 Optical -plitter: 1%picall% divide an optical si'nal from a sin'le input into multiple 4e(' two5 output si'nal enerall% provide a small optical loss to the si'nal passed throu'h it

83

PTCL Training & Development

Optical !ower -plitter

9 !ower of 2 split 9 3(0 d,m loss ever% split 9 +x6 has on avera'e 3(0x3L+@(0 d,m of loss 9 +x32 has on avera'e 3(0x0L+3(0 d,m of loss 9 Optical bud'et 26 d,m L 2@ km
86
PTCL Training & Development

=iber *able loose tube

9 $deal for lon' distance
9 Cas% drop;off 9 -tandard buffer tubes for excess fiber len'th 9 Anti;buckin' central stren'th member 9 1ermination and splicin' reDuires cleanin' 9 el ma% weaken fiber 9 $nflexible stress buildup, cracks, water penetration
88
PTCL Training & Development

Loose 1ube *able in =11>

9 A!vantage 9 !roven technolo'%
Lower cost for fibers below +)) fibers Case of access to individual fibers

9 Di a!vantage 9 Available in siGe onl% up to )32 fibers

*able becomes ver% lar'e for siGe over 266 fibers .estoration can take lon'er for lar'e count cable "eed to pa% attention to buffer tube stora'e in cold weather
+@@
PTCL Training & Development

1i'ht ,uffer
9 Fsuall% indoor

9 -in'le fiber for patch;cords, pi';tails, jumpers, linkin' devices( 9 /ulti fiber in riser application

+@+

PTCL Training & Development

9 A!vantage :

.ibbon *able in =11>

!roven technolo'% Lower cost for +)) fibers and lar'e Case of access to individual fiber Lar'e count cables will fit in a smaller duct than the same siGed loose tube >i'her fiber count in a splice tra%

9 Di a!vantage :
/ore difficult to store pass;throu'h fiber in a ped or splice case .ibbon is less tolerant to ph%sical dama'e than loose tube
+@2
PTCL Training & Development

>O: =$,.C :O.&-

+@3

PTCL Training & Development

Types of Windows used

9 :avelen'ths used for -in'le /ode =iber 4lon' distances5 communications +3+@ nm 9 Fsuall% lowest cost lasers 9 Fsed for shorter broadcast runs and short to moderate data runs +00@ nm 9 *an be amplified with relativel% low;cost erbium doped fiber amplifiers 4C#=As5 9 Lasers are fabricated on a number of different wavelen'ths 4about +030 +2@@ nm5 for wave division multiplexin' 4:#/5 applications 9 -li'htl% lower fiber loss at +00@ nm +)8@ nm 9 $ncreasin'l% popular for downstream data in 3l s%stems( *annot be amplified as easil% -omewhat hi'her device cost

+@)

PTCL Training & Development

Single and Dual Fiber Systems

9 -in'le =iber #ownstream broadcastO on +00@ nm Fpstream data on +3+@ nm #ownstream data on either +3+@ or +)8@ nmO dependin' on s%stem Advanta'es 9 Less fiber deplo%ed 9 =ewer optical passives 4taps or splitters5 9 =ewer labor;intensive connections

O #ownstream data can be carried at +00@ nm if not used for broadcast

+@0

PTCL Training & Development

Single and Dual Fiber Systems

9 #ual =iber ?arious plans, usuall% one fiber will be used for downstream and one for upstream, or one will be used for broadcast and one for data( -ometimes one will be used for specialiGed services, such as returnin' .=;modulated data from set top terminals 9 Advanta'es -implifies terminal passive components -omewhat lower si'nal loss

+@2

PTCL Training & Development

SAF2TP M2ASU42S 42,A4.I$, NPTICAL FI<42 CA<L2 "A$.LI$,

+@3

PTCL Training & Development

Opti&al Fi,er an! LAS"$ Lig)t Safet6

Sa et% issues relevant to o#eration and maintenance sta involved in o#tical iber s%stems all into one o three cate!ories/ ( Laser li!ht Sources ( "andlin! o bare o#tical iber ends ( "azardous Chemicals

+@6

PTCL Training & Development

LAS"$ L+GHT SO#$C"S

This includes both o#tical line transmission e*ui#ment and N#tical test e*ui#ment1 A laser can cause dama!e to human tissue either on the sur ace o the s-in or in and around the e%es1 ( The 2%es ( Laser Sa et% 4e*uirements ( Laser sa et% Procedures ( Some ,eneral 4ules on Laser Sa et%

+@8

PTCL Training & Development

T!e .yes
The e%es, bein! a ver% sensitive #art o the human bod%, can <e ver% susce#tible to the hazards o laser li!ht1

Laser ,afety Re8uirements

Nnl% sta 'ho have attended an o#tical iber trainin! course And had their e%es tested ma% install, test and o#tical iber cables1

Laser ,afety 'roce#ure

(2nsure that the #o'er is turned o at both ends o the section 'hile the o#tical iber cable is bein! 'or-ed on1 (Under no circumstances should an o#tical iber or connector

++@

PTCL Training & Development

2ision HaEar#

+++

PTCL Training & Development

2ision HaEar#

Continued

LA-C.

:A."$"

++2

PTCL Training & Development

%i&er
.on8t add iber to %our ood Q

Ingestion
++3
PTCL Training & Development

%i&er

Continued

<are iber

++)

PTCL Training & Development

OPT+CAL F+:$" CA:L"

That is connected to an o#tical source, be vie'ed directl% 'ith the e%e or be directed at the s-in1 ( In some circumstances it ma% be necessar% to test usion slices in con9unction 'ith 9ointin! o#erations1 Under no circumstance Must a li!ht si!nal rom an NT.46 be transmitted throu!h a iber Until 9ointin! sta have com#leted s#licin! o#erations on the iber And have noti ied the testin! N icer that it is sa e to do so1

++0

PTCL Training & Development

Some General $ule on La er Safet6

9 "ever look into the beam of a transmittin' laser, either via the output port of eDuipment or the end of a connected fiber $nitiall% assume that all fiber and eDuipment is active in transmittin' li'ht( 9 Optical connectors should alwa%s be held at least 3@@mm from the e%e, etc(
++2
PTCL Training & Development

HANDL+NG OF TH" :A$" F+:"$S

9 ,are fibers should be treated with more care than handlin' a piece of broken 'lass in the home 9 $f optical fiber 'lass accidentall% penetrates the skin, it probabl% remain there and eventuall% infect the area around it 9 >owever in extreme cases it could potentiall% end up in the blood stream, which would be extremel% dan'erous(
++3
PTCL Training & Development

HANDL+NG OF TH" :A$" F+:"$S

9 Alwa%s dispose of broken fibers or fiber( 9 Off cuts in receptacle desi'nated for this purpose i(e( fiber bin( 9 #o not throw bare fiber in a waste disposal bin or on the floor( 9 Alwa%s wash hands thorou'hl% after handlin' optical fiber, especiall% when eatin' food( 9 "ever touch the end of a bare fiber

++6

PTCL Training & Development

F+TL ;=iber in the loop

=11,
=iber to the ,uildin'H,asement

=11*
=iber to the *urbH*abinet

=11>
=iber to the >ome

++8

PTCL Training & Development

Ar&)ite&ture of Opti&al A&&e

CO
E5A*A(m $emote :u ine :A DSLA. 7DSL -F-C.,p

Net'or(
Cu tomer Premi e

ODN
-5AG,p Do'n /15-AG,p #p

Cur,

m -AC*DCC ge e ov ra #r,an C

FTTC

OLT .D# .ulti*D'elling #nit

-5AG,p Do'n /15-AG,p #p

FTT:

OLT ON# Opti&al Net'or( #nit

-5AG,p Do'n /15-AG,p #p

FTTH

OLT ONT Opti&al Net'or( Termination

Opti&al Line Termination

+2@

PTCL Training & Development

?)at i Opti&al A&&e

15 FTT: &enario

Net'or(G

=rom the architecture dia'ram, the optical access network comprises the followin' scenarios:

-,F : -in'le business unit P providin' a comparativel% small number of ports such as !O1-, +@H+@@H+@@@,A-C;1 and #-+H1+HC+ ports /1F :,usiness /ulti;tenant unit P providin' a comparativel% lar'er number of ports, includin' !O1-, +@H+@@H+@@@,A-C;1 and #-+H1+HC+ ports(

FTT, F Fiber to the Building / i t)e !eplo6ment of fi,er (opti&al) &a,le to a pe&ifi& lo&ation 'it)in a ,uil!ing/ t)en &onne&te! to t)e ,uil!ing e7i ting &opper/ &a,le fa&ilitie 5 9 9 T)i !eplo6ment i al o referre! to a FTT: (Fi,er to t)e :a ement) & FTT: (Fi,er to t)e :u ine )5 T)i !eplo6ment 'ill ,e t)e t6pi&al for .D#> & .T#> al o (no'n a ** FTT mdu ~ Fiber to the MDU **

+2+

PTCL Training & Development

-5 FTTC & FTTCa, &enario

5 FTTC & FTTCa, &enario /#F : /ulti;dwellin' unit Pprovidin' a comparativel% lar'er number of ports, includin' +@H+@@H+@@@,A-C;1, ?#-L2, and so on(

9 9 9

FTT& F Fiber to the Curb / i t)e !eplo6ment of fi,er &lo e to t)e &u tomer ,ut not full6 to t)e &u tomer re i!en&e5 +n t)i !eplo6ment t)e e7i ting &opper plant i !eliver ervi&e to t)e a&tual &u tomer5 till u e! to

FTTN (Fiber to the Neighborhood) & FTTC (Fiber to the C binet) generall6 fall un!er t)e FTTC &ategor65 :ot) ervi&e are in !eplo6ment an! in u e/ a perfe&t e7ample i a DLC/NGDLC (Digital Loop Carrier) ')i&) ome of u get our p)one ervi&e from5 A !ire&t fi,er from t)e CO (Central Offi&e) i terminate! at t)e DLC/NGDLC an! t)en ervi&e i !elivere! to t)e &u tomer re i!en&e via t)e &opper plant5

+22

PTCL Training & Development

E5 FTTH &enario
9 FTTH &enario -=F : -in'le famil% unit , providin' a comparativel% small number of ports, includin' followin' t%pes: !O1-, +@H+@@H+@@@,A-C;1, and .=( FTT) F Fiber to the !ome , is the complete deplo%ment of fiber to the customers home, with replacement of there existin' "$# 4"etwork $nterface #evice5( 1his replacement device is called an O"1 4Optical "etwork 1erminator5(

+23

PTCL Training & Development

-trate'ic #rivers for =11>

9 /ulti -ervice "etwork ; -ervice *onver'ence 9 Cach Lon' distance 42@ &m5 9 Onl% active components ate OL1 and O"1 splitter !assive 9 .emote service provisionin' 9 =uture proof 4almost infinite bandwidth5 9 .educe operational costs 9 =iber cost decreasin' compared to copper

+2)

PTCL Training & Development

,asic *oncepts of !O"

PTCL Training & Development

!O" concept
Passive Optical Network
Optical Network Termination

PSTN
Passive Optical Splitter

Internet
Optical Line Terminal

5 5 5 5 5

5 5
Optical Network Unit

IPTV
9 9 !O" is short for !assive Optical "etwork P

5 5

!O" architecture: !assive optical network featurin' one;to;multiple;pointP

+22

Optical Line 1erminal 4OL15 Optical "etwork Fnit 4O"F5 Optical #istribution "etwork 4O#"5(
PTCL Training & Development

:h%
H1.,p Access 1echnolo'% *overa'e diameter -ervice reDuirement s -CCE.
ADSL/ADSL-2 Copper :a e!

!O"J
-A.
;DSL / ADSL-2 Copper :a e!

I.

-5AG
PON Fi,er :a e!

HE(m

H-(m )o5 :54) /ame -CCE

H1(m

F-C(m +i4e T# #oD HDT#

-CC@ -C1C Time

;nternet )ideo conference Remote control

!O" supports :

1riple;pla% service
9 9 9 >#1?: +2;2@/Hpro'ramP #ata: +@/P ?ideo *onference: )(0/

High-bandwidth up to 1.25Gbps/2.5Gbps Long-reach up to 20km

!O" is the choice of lar'e carriers in the international market(

+23

PTCL Training & Development

:h% !O"J
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Cnormous information carr%in' capacit% Casil% up'radeable Case of installation .educed OK/ costs Lon' distance reach -ecure $mmune to electroma'netic noise ,est suited for triple pla% services

+26

PTCL Training & Development

!O" -ervices
9 ,usiness -ervices
C+H!.$ ,.$ 2 H3 -$!H!O1- etc ?!" K Cthernet Leased LinesH$nternet Leased line

9 .esidential -ervices
>-$ 4>i'h -peed $nternet5 4Al -hamil5 $!1? !O1-

+28

PTCL Training & Development

Philosophy
9 1wo t%pes of =11> networks exist toda% .etail 9 ?ast majorit% of =11> builds toda% 9 "etwork owner sells services directl% to subscribers 9 =ollows traditional telecommunications and cable television models :holesale 9 /arket created b% a few state laws 9 "etwork owner sells capacit% to multiple providers who in turn sells services to subscribers 9 Onl% examples in F- toda% are some municipal =11> networks

+3@

PTCL Training & Development

Technical considerations
9 #ata >ow much per homeJ >ow well can %ou share the channelJ -ecurit% how do %ou protect the subscriber7s dataJ :hat kind of Eo- parameters do %ou specif%J *ompatible business servicesJ
9 -LAs 9 1+

9 9

-upport for voiceJ -upport for videoJ ,roadcast $!1?

+3+

PTCL Training & Development

Technical considerations
9 #ata >ow much per homeJ >ow well can %ou share the channelJ -ecurit% how do %ou protect the subscriber7s dataJ :hat kind of Eo- parameters do %ou specif%J

+32

PTCL Training & Development

Technic l consider tions " #$eed

9 #ata reDuirements *ompetition: A#-L, cable modem Q@(0 to Q+(0 /bHs shared, as%mmetrical =11> Q+@ to 3@ /bHs non;shared or several +@@ /bHs shared, s%mmetrical -#1? video takes 2;) /bHs toda% at $! level >#1? takes ma%be 0 times -1#? reDuirement !ictures can run + /, compressed 0(+ channel streamin' audio would run Q36@ kbHs

+33

PTCL Training & Development

Technic l consider tions " #$eed

.eDuired #ata .ate

=11>

>#1? #-L or cable -treamin' !icture in modem audio +0 seconds ?o$!

-ervice
+3)
PTCL Training & Development

-#1?

Technic l consider tions 2 #$eed (34T5 6e'erence)

Augu t 1D/ -CC19 .G./ Paramount Pi&ture / Son6 Pi&ture / ?arner :rot)er / an! #niver al Stu!io unveile! plan for a =oint venture t)at 'oul! allo' &omputer u er to !o'nloa! rental &opie of feature film over t)e +nternet5 De&em,er K/ -CC-9 3Holl6'oo!L Late t Flop8 Fortune .aga0ine &The 'iles re huge( At )*+ Meg b,tes- Br %ehe rt took .ust less th n 'i%e hours to downlo d using our D#/ /ine t home0 in the s me time we could h %e m de +1 round tri$s to our neighborhood Blockbuster 8
+30
" timate! minimum time to a&<uire Br %ehe rt

Te&)nolog6 .o!em A@ (,/ +SDN 1-I (,/

.inute

Hour

Da6 -

-C 1-

DSL 1 .,/ Ca,le -5A .,/ JA FTTH C5J

-5A 1

PTCL Training & Development

-tandards

PTCL Training & Development

STANDA$DS
9 $1F;1 (863
APON 4A1/ !assive Optical "etwork5( 1his was the first !assive optical network standard( $t was used primaril% for business applications, and was based on A1/ 4As%nchronous 1ransfer /ode5 03;b%te cell to transfer data( $nitial offerin' +00(02 /bps #ownstream, +00(02 /bps
upstream(

:PON 4,roadband !O"5 is a standard based on A!O" architecture( $t adds support for :#/, d%namic and hi'her upstream bandwidth allocation, and survivabilit%( $t also created a standard mana'ement interface, called O/*$, between the OL1 and O"FHO"1, enablin' mixed;vendor networks(

+33

PTCL Training & Development

B47N " 47N F#AN 8 3TU"T 9():;

9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 B47N standard of A47N (As,nchronous Tr ns'er Mode) 2 =iber *able -pan no more than 2@&m 4+2/iles5 of -in'le;mode fiber As%mmetrical 222 4-1/;)5 H +00 4-1/;$5 /bs bandwidth per OL1 path of 32 O"1Rs( OL1 ; :#/ 4:ave #ivision /ultiplexin'5 +00@nm downstream bandwidth for 4Analo' H #i'ital H >#1?5 +)8@nm downstream data rate of 222/bps for ?oice H #ata +3+@nm upstream data rate of +00/bps for ?oice H #ata 1#/ 41ime #ivision /ultiplexin'5 of A1/ packets +:32 !assive -plitter O-! 1opolo'%

+36

PTCL Training & Development

STANDA$DS (&ont!)
9 $CCC 6@2(3ah
"PON or G"PON 4Cthernet !O"5 is an $CCCHC=/ standard for usin' Cthernet for packet data( 6@2(3ah is now part of the $CCC 6@2(3 standard( ;1here are currentl% over +0 million installed C!O" ports( ;:ith *hinaRs 2@@6 C!O" deplo%ments total installed base is expected to reach nearl% 2@ million subscribers b% %ear end 2@@6( ;C!O" uses $!;based protocol to transfer data( ; +@@ /bps -%mmetrical( ; +(20 bps -%mmetrical(

+38

PTCL Training & Development

STANDA$DS (&ont!)
9 $1F;1 (86)
GPON 4 i'abit !O"5 is an evolution of the ,!O" standard( $t supports hi'her rates, enhanced securit%, and choice of La%er 2 protocol 4A1/, C/, Cthernet5( $n earl% 2@@6, ?eriGon be'an installin' !O" eDuipment, havin' installed over 6@@ thousand lines b% mid %ear( ,ritish 1elecom, and A1K1 are in advanced trials( !O" uses $!;based protocols to transfer data(

+)@

PTCL Training & Development

947N " 47N F#AN 8 3TU"T 9():<

9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 =iber *able -pan no more than 2@&m 4+2/iles5 of -in'le; mode fiber As%mmetrical +(2)) bps or 2())) bps H +00 or 222 /bs bandwidth per OL1 path of 32 O"1Rs OL1 ; :#/ 4:ave #ivision /ultiplexin'5 +00@nm downstream bandwidth for 4Analo' H #i'ital H >#1?5 +)8@nm downstream data rate of 2() bps for ?oice H #ata +3+@nm upstream data rate of +(2 bps for ?oice H #ata 1#/ 41ime #ivision /ultiplexin'5 of A1/ packets +:32 !assive -plitter O-! 1opolo'%

+)+

PTCL Training & Development

GPON Stan!ar!
+T#*T G5KIJ51
9 !arameter description of !O" network 9 .eDuirements of protection switch;over networkin'

+T#*T G5KIJ59 -pecifications of O#" parameters 9 -pecifications of 2()66 bps downstream optical port 9 -pecifications of +(2)) bps upstream optical port 9 Overhead allocation at ph%sical la%er

Simple !evelopment pro&e Po'erful &ompati,ilit6

+T#*T G*KIJ51/-/E/J +T#*T G5KIJ5E

9 -pecifications of 1* la%er in the !O" s%stem 9 1* multiplexin' architecture and protocol stack 9 1* frame 9 O"F re'istration and activation 9 #,A specifications 9 Alarms and performance

+T#*T G5KIJ5J
9 O/*$ messa'e format 9 O/*$ device mana'ement frame 9 O/*$ workin' principle

+)2

PTCL Training & Development

x!O" !rotocols

+)3

PTCL Training & Development

:a i& Performan&e Parameter of GPON

!O" identifies 3 transmission speed combination as follows:

Fpstream #ownstream .ate4 bps5 .ate4 bps5 @(+0002 @(222@6 +(2))+2 @(+0002 @(222@6 +(2))+2 2()6632
+))

+(2))+2 +(2))+2 +(2))+2 2()6632 2()6632 2()6632 2()6632

PTCL Training & Development

=(+<<=> 9bit8s up, +(<::;+ 9bit8s down is the mainstream speed combination supported at current time(

:a i& Performan&e Parameter of GPON

/aximum lo'ical reach /aximum ph%sical reach 2@ km 2@ km

/aximum differential 2@ km fibre distance -plit ratio + 2)Hup to+ +26

The dist nce between ne rest nd ' rthest 7NTs

+)0

PTCL Training & Development

$1F =ull -ervice Access "etwork;=-A" -tandards(

9 1he followin' standards appl% for A!O" and !O"( ; =iber loop len'th limited to 2@ &m between OL1 and O"1( ; -%stem will support from 2 to 2) splits within the 2@ &m in an% increments or combinations 4+:2, +:), +:6, +:+2, +:32, +:2)5( /ost desi'ns are based on a 32;wa% split( 1otal optical bud'et is 3@ db( Note5 +T# G5KIJ5- Amen!ment 1 limit t)i to -I !,5 /aximum difference in optical bud'et between the first O"1 and the last O"1 is 2@ db, althou'h man% manufacturers can now support a hi'her optical bud'et difference( ; ?ideo is an analo' overla% to the di'ital voice and data( ; ?oice and #ata downstream transmission is +)6@ to +0@@nm( ; ?oice and #ata upstream is +22@ to +32@nm( ; Analo' ?ideo overla% on a sin'le fiber s%stem for downstream is +00@nm(
PTCL Training & Development

9 9

+)2

!O" Architecture *hoices

PTCL Training & Development

Ar&)ite&tural C)oi&e
Sele&ting t)e :e t of .ultiple C)oi&e
9 A&tive -ometimes called !oint;to;!oint or !2! #edicated fiber and optics for each subscriber 9 PON Fses passive optical splitters to serve man% subscribers from one optical unit *omes in several formats: 9 !O" 9 ,!O" 9 C!O"
+)6
PTCL Training & Development

A&tive Ar&)ite&ture

*onnectors 4"$#5

*entral -witch

#rops

+)8

PTCL Training & Development

A&tive Ar&)ite&ture
9 9 :enefit #edicated bandwidth per subscriber -imple, point;to;point topolo'% C)allenge *ost: each subscriber reDuires a separate pair of optical transmittersHreceivers Limited deplo%ment options

+0@

PTCL Training & Development

PON Ar&)ite&ture
*onnectors 4"$#5

*entral -witch

!assive Optical -plitter #rops =eeder

+0+

PTCL Training & Development

PON Ar&)ite&ture
9 :enefit Low;cost for hi'h total bandwidth: matches video broadcast traffic patterns =lexibilit% in outside plant topolo'% C)allenge /ore complex outside plant topolo'% *hoices: A!O", ,!O", !O", C!O"J

+02

PTCL Training & Development

Con i!eration
9 A recent stud% found:
1op 0I of users consume 02I of total bandwidth 1op 2@I of users consume 83I of total bandwidth
9

1he stud% also reported bandwidth b% application:

!eer;to;peer ; 22I :eb surfin' ; 23I C;/ail ; 3I

!otential *onclusion:
/ost users aren7t so bandwidth hun'r% or application; sophisticated as pundits think
-ource: Clloco%a "etworks stud%, as reported b% telephon%(com

+03

PTCL Training & Development

T)e An 'er i

1he best choice for now and the future is:

GPON

+0)

PTCL Training & Development

1%pes Of -plittin'

+00

PTCL Training & Development

1%pes of -plittin'
9 *entraliGed -plittin' 9 !artiall% #istributed -plittin' 9 =ull% #istributed -plittin'

+02

PTCL Training & Development

Ar&)ite&tural .o!el
*entraliGed -plittin'
-plitters are here Local *onver'ence !oint 4-plice5 *entral -witch =eeder "A! 4-plice5 #rops #istribution *onnectors 4"$#5

+03

PTCL Training & Development

Centrali0e! Splitting
9 1ar'et Applications:
>i'h customer churn .eDuirement for hi'hl% flexible connectivit%

9 >omerun *onsolidates all -plittin' to the *O 9 /ost =lexible #ue to *entral -plittin'
>i'hest headend flexibilit%Hscalabilit%

9 .eDuires the /ost Amount of =iber 9 /ost Cxpensive, /ost =lexible

+06

PTCL Training & Development

Ar&)ite&tural .o!el
9 !artiall% #istributed -plittin'
Local *onver'ence !oint 4-plitter5 *entral -witch =eeder #istribution *onnectors 4"$#5

"A! 4-plice5 #rops

-plitters are here

+08

PTCL Training & Development

Partiall6 Di tri,ute! Splitting

9 1ar'et Application:
Overbuild with anticipated customer churn, slower build out, or lower;to;mid;level take rates

9 *onsolidates Local -ubscribers to *entral -plitter *abinet for Adds K #rops 9 .educes =eeder =iber "eeds 9 >eav% =iber Fsa'e in #istribution 9 -econd /ost Cxpensive #esi'n

+2@

PTCL Training & Development

Ar&)ite&tural .o!el
=ull% #istributed -plittin'
-plitters are here "A! 4+xn -plit5

*onnectors 4"$#5

*entral -witch

Local *onver'ence !oint 4+xn -plit5 =eeder #istribution #rops

4+@@I 1ake .ate5

+2+

PTCL Training & Development

Full6 Di tri,ute! Splitting

9 1ar'et Application:
>i'her 1ake .ates Low Anticipated *ustomer *hurn 9 =iber Lean #istribution and =eeder 9 Least Cxpensive Fp =ront *ost

9 >eadend #oes "ot -cale as :ell as !revious Architectures

.eDuires hi'her take rates to offset investment

+22

PTCL Training & Development

PON Ar&)ite&ture Summar6

Architecture T%#e Full% .istributed S#littin! Cost FleFibilit% A##lication "i!her Ta-e 4ates Lo' Customer Turnover

Least

Partiall% .istributed S#littin!

Mid

Lo' to Mid Ta-e 4atesCSlo' <uild "i!h Customer Turnover

Centralized S#littin!

Most

"i!h Customer Turnover $eed or "i!h FleFibilit% Cash to <urn

+23

PTCL Training & Development

T)e Optimum Opti&al/Copper Solution

1he $deal !latform -upports !O" and *opper
9 !rovides triple;pla% service deliver% over both 9 Allows for a mana'ed mi'ration 9 1his combined !O" and copper platform would:
Offer all the choices of different split architectures Also add A.eall%B =ull% #istributed option of puttin' the OL1 in the remote loop carrier

+2)

PTCL Training & Development

Ar&)ite&tural .o!el
A.eall%B =ull% #istributed -plittin'
"A!s -plitters are here 4+xn -plit5 *onnectors 4"$#5

*entral -witch

*opper and =iber loop carrier 4+xn -plit5 =eeder #istribution

=iber #rops

*opper #rops /an% OL1s share common feeder transport fibers

+20

PTCL Training & Development

Operational *onsiderations(
Advanta'es of a *opper and =iber !latform 9 *ommon Administration
.educed 1rainin' *ost .educed *ost for =low;throu'h !rovisionin' .educed -parin'

9 *ommon *ustomer -ervice Cxperience

1riple pla% re'ardless of servin' infrastructure

9 Orderl% "etwork /i'ration

!aced b% %our depreciation schedules and recover% issues, not service offerin's
+22

PTCL Training & Development

PON Topologie
O"F+ O"F+ O"F2 O"F3 OL1 O"F0 O"F) O"F0 OL1 O"F) O"F2 O"F3

4a5 1ree topolo'% 4usin' +:" splitter5

4c5 .in' topolo'% 4usin' 2x2 tap couplers5

O"F+ O"F+ O"F2 O"F3 OL1 O"F0 O"F3 O"F) OL1 O"F0 O"F) O"F2

4b5 ,us topolo'% 4usin' +:2 tap couplers5

4d5 1ree with redundant trunk 4usin' 2:" splitter5

+23

PTCL Training & Development

S6 tem Ar&)ite&ture

+26

PTCL Training & Development

!O" A.*>$1C*1F.C
9 9 9 9 OL1 4Optical line 1erminal5 Access /edia Optical -plitter O"F 4Optical "etwork Fnit5 H .esidential atewa% 9 O#" 4Optical #istribution "etwork5

+28

PTCL Training & Development

*omponents of !O"

+3@

PTCL Training & Development

*O/!O"C"19 A !O" consists of an Optical Line 1erminal 4OL15 at the service providerRs central office and a number of Optical "etwork Fnits 4O"Fs5 near end users( 9 A !O" confi'uration reduces the amount of fiber and central office eDuipment reDuired compared with point to point architectures(

+3+

PTCL Training & Development

OL1
1he OL1 provides the interface between the !O" and the service providers network services( 1hese t%picall% include: 9 $nternet !rotocol 4$!5 traffic over i'abit, +@ , or +@@ /bitHs Cthernet 9 -tandard time division multiplexed 41#/5 interfaces such as -O"C1 or -#> 9 A1/ F"$ at +00;222 /bitHs

+32

PTCL Training & Development

7/T ~ 7$tic l /ine Termin l

9 7/T is the networks control card( 1his card resides in the local *O 4*entral Office5 cross connected to the video and data networks that will be delivered to %our home, it consists of a special #=, 4#istributed =eedback5 calibrated laser that is alwa%s on( 9 1his control card acts as a traffic si'nal to the remote O"1Rs for complete data H video throu'hput upstream and downstream(
+33

PTCL Training & Development

O"F
9 O"1 is an $1F;1 term, whereas O"F is an $CCC term( $n /ultiple 1enant Fnits, the O"1 ma% be brid'ed to a customer premise device within the individual dwellin' unit usin' le'ac% technolo'ies such as Cthernet over twisted pair, Cthernet over *oax, or #-L(

9 An O"1 is a device that terminates the !O" and presents customer service interfaces to the user(
-ome O"Fs implement a separate subscriber unit to provide services such as telephon%, Cthernet data, or video(
+3)
PTCL Training & Development

7NU ~ 7$tic l Network Unit

9 7NU ~ 7$tic l Network Unit - this is similar to the -=F;O"1 but for a /#F H /1F, or small business( 9 $t contains +2 ; 2) !O1- Lines, multiple SCthernetS or S?#-LS connections, and one H two hi'h;powered . video outputs( 9 1hese O"1Rs come in two forms, a wall mountable or rack;mountable unit, the% are t%picall% installed in a stairwell area, or basement next to the existin' -A$ for that floor
+30
PTCL Training & Development

O"1
9 1he O"1 terminates the !O" and presents the native service interfaces to the user( 9 1hese services can include voice plain old telephone service 4!O1-5 or voice over $! 4?o$!55, data 4t%picall% Cthernet5, video(

+32

PTCL Training & Development

O"1

+33

PTCL Training & Development

=unctions of O"1

+36

PTCL Training & Development

=unctions of O"1
Often/ t)e ONT fun&tion are eparate! into t'o part 9
9 9 1he O"F, which terminates the !O" and presents a conver'ed interface such as x#-L, coax, or multiservice Cthernet toward the user( "etwork termination eDuipment 4"1C5, which provides the separate, native service interfaces directl% to the user(

Note9 1his is the *!C 4*ustomer !remise CDuipment5 endpoint of the O#"( 1he O"1 is an Optical to Clectrical to Optical device , that delivers %our triple pla% services( $t will replace %our existin' copper "$# 4"etwork $nterface #evice5 , and coax connections( 1he existin' !O1- H *oax inside wirin' will be cross connected to the O"1( -ince we understand that a !O" is completel% passive the endpoint must contain an A* volta'e connection to perform the Optical to Clectrical conversions for %our services(

+38

PTCL Training & Development

=usion -plitter
+ x ) =usion -plitter

+3+@ nm +)8@ nm +00@ nm

Fi,er

+6@

PTCL Training & Development

=usion -plitter
2 x ) =usion -plitter

Fi,er
+3+@ nm +)8@ nm +00@ nm

+6+

PTCL Training & Development

!lanar -plitter
+ x 6 !lanar -plitter

+62

PTCL Training & Development

!lanar -plitter

+63

PTCL Training & Development

:"A. SPL+TT"$
9 A ,eam plitter is an optical device that splits a beam of li'ht in two(

Schematic representation of a beam splitter cube

+6)
PTCL Training & Development

:"A. SPL+TT"$ * De ign 1

9 $n its most common form, a cube, it is made from two trian'ular 'lass prisms which are 'lued to'ether at their base usin' *anada balsam( 9 1he thickness of the resin la%er is adjusted such that 4for a certain wavelen'th5 half of the li'ht incident throu'h one SportS 4i(e( face of the cube5 is reflected and the other half is transmitted(

+60

PTCL Training & Development

:"A. SPL+TT"$ * De ign 9 Another desi'n is the use of a half;silvered mirror( 1his is a plate of 'lass with a thin coatin' of aluminum 4usuall% deposited from aluminum vapor5 with the thickness of the aluminum coatin' such that, of li'ht incident at a )0 de'ree an'le, one half is transmitted and one half is reflected( $nstead of a metallic coatin', a dielectric optical coatin' ma% be used( -uch mirrors are commonl% used as output couplers in laser construction( -imilarl%, a ver% thin pellicle film ma% also be used as a beam splitter(

+62

PTCL Training & Development

:"A. SPL+TT"$ * De ign E

9 A third version of the beam splitter is a dichroic mirrored prism assembl% which uses dichroic optical coatin's to split the incomin' li'ht into three beams, one each of red, 'reen, and blue( -uch a device was used in multi;tube color television cameras and also in the three;film 1echnicolor movie cameras( $t is also used in the 3 L*# projectors to separate colors and in ellipsoidal reflector spotli'hts to eliminate heat radiation(

+63

PTCL Training & Development

FD! ~ Fiber Distribution !ub

9 FD! ~ Fiber Distribution !ub , is the cross connection splice;point for the !entral "ffice Fiber and Distribution Fiber to the FDT#s servicin' the customers communit%( 9 1his hub can come in various confi'urations 4Aerial !ole mount H round !edestal5, the providers confi'uration will t%picall% be the +)) H 2+2 user count, desi'ned to be a plu' and pla% s%stem for the FDT $ Drop !able connections(
+66

PTCL Training & Development

+68

PTCL Training & Development

%&D!' FDH (ear Panel

+8@

PTCL Training & Development

=#> -plitter *abinet

*ore *omponent: -plitter *abinet for )32 subscribers 4+3 -plitters5, available also for +)) and 266 subscribers 4pre;stubbed and pre;connectoriGed5

OptiTe&t Ca,inet Coupler.o!ule T !hoto **O+@6

+8+

PTCL Training & Development

Splitter )odule

+82

PTCL Training & Development

+x" =11> -plitters

+x+2 slot

+x6 slot

+x2 slot

+83

PTCL Training & Development

=#>

+8)

PTCL Training & Development

*ornin' Opti1ect =#> en $$$ ; )32 K 266 =ield $nstallation

+80

PTCL Training & Development

!O" -plitter *abinet -iGin'

9 -iGes available: 32 =iber 4+ -plitter5 to 62) =iber 4>ome .un and *entraliGed Local #istribution *abinet5 9 -iGin' will be dependent on rural or urban applications( 9 -pecific cabinet siGin' is trade off between siGe of the distribution area and number of cabinets( 9 .ural areas: -ervin' areas tend to 'et too lar'e well before the ideal cabinet siGe is reached( 9 Frban areas: #ue to the densit%, the number of fibers can exceed the available cabinet siGes before the servin' areas become unmana'eable(
+82
PTCL Training & Development

Outdoor =iber #istribution >ub 4=#>5(

9 1he outdoor 4=#>5 provides for connections between fiber optic cables and passive optical splitters in the O-! environment( 9 1he outdoor 4=#>5 utiliGe standard -*HA!* to interconnect feeder and distribution cables via +:32 optical splitters and connectors(

+83

PTCL Training & Development

$ndoor =iber #istribution >ub 4=#>5

9 1he indoor =#> is desi'ned to or'aniGe and administer fiber optic cables and passive optical splitters in an indoor environment t%picall% suitable for hi'h rise buildin's and is placed in the telecom room( 1hese =#> are used to interconnect main cable 4=eeder5 and drop cable 42=5 via optical splitters in a =11> network application( "o splices are allowed between the 1elecom .oom and =lats( :here the buildin' has less than 32 customers, a wall mounted splitter =#> 4indoor t%pe5 is more suitable( 1he unit will serves as a /ini O#= with splitter assembl% and facilit% to terminate drop cables(

9 9 9

+86

PTCL Training & Development

#istribution *ables K #rop *ables

9 =rom Outdoor =#> *abinet location, distribution cable 4loose tube5 siGes 2)=, +2= and 6= combinations ma% be considered, dependin' upon the 'roupin' of villasHhomes, number and locations( 1he drop closures to be installed inside joint boxes, close to 'roup of villasHhomes or as per site reDuirements( 1hese have sin'le entr% on one side and 2)U outlets for drop cables( 1he drop cables are 2= construction, it is recommended that both the 2= are spliced throu'h in the drop closure, so that the fibers are throu'h to the splitter location( $n the =#> *abinet, onl% one fiber of 2= drop cable is reDuired to be terminated( $n the case of sin'le villas, compan% shall extend and terminate the drop cable in the micro O#= 4Low >omes Areas5(

9 9 9 9

+88

PTCL Training & Development

D674 CAB/?
9 D674 CAB/? ~ 1his cable is the final connection to the customers O"1( 1his cable can be spliced from an aerial H under'round =#1( /ost providers have moved to a pre;terminated drop cable s%stem, this saves cost and installation time( Dro$ C ble ~ 1his cable will enter the customers apartment from the FDT thatRs usuall% located in a closet, or stairwell in a hi'h;rise buildin'( $n a small 'arden;st%le /#F deplo%ment %our drop cable ma% come from an =#1 located on the outside of %our buildin', and routed throu'h the roof breeGewa% into %our apartments desi'nated closet(

2@@

PTCL Training & Development

-=> 4-in'le =amil% >ome5 ; *ornin' Opti=it #rop *able(

*ornin' Opti=it #rop *able

2@+

PTCL Training & Development

Corning SST*Drop Ca,le

2@2

PTCL Training & Development

*ornin' Opti-heath /ulti;!ort 1erminal =#1

2@3

PTCL Training & Development

!re;terminated drop cable s%stem

2@)

PTCL Training & Development

FDT ~ Fiber Distribution Termin l

9 FDT ~ Fiber Distribution Termin l , is the cross connection splice;point between the communit% servin' FDH Distributing !able, and the Drop !able to the customers O"1(

2@0

PTCL Training & Development

-=F 4-in'le =amil% Fnit5

9 1he -=F O"1 is primaril% used in sin'le dwellin' homes( 9 1his O"1 will replace %our existin' demarc that currentl% delivers %our home service( 9 1his same unit 4The >==i is the $re'erred model 'or this de$lo,ment5 can also be used in /#F arden -t%le installations( 9 $n these /#F installations the -=F is preferred so that the O"1 can be placed directl% in the unit, with the responsibilit% and electric cost passed to the customer(
2@2
PTCL Training & Development

1ellabs 2+2 -=F O"1

2@3

PTCL Training & Development

/otorola +@@@v -=F O"1 4-croll over pic5

2@6

PTCL Training & Development

!O" !rinciple;;;;#ata /ultiplexin'

9 !O" adopts :avelen'th #ivision /ultiplexin' 4:#/5 technolo'%, facilitatin' bi;direction communication over a sin'le fiber(
+)8@nm

+3+@nm

2@8

PTCL Training & Development

#ata /ultiplexin'
9 1o separate upstreamHdownstream si'nals of multiple users over a sin'le fiber, !O" adopts two multiplexin' mechanisms:

$n downstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a broadcast mannerP $n upstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a 1#/A manner(

2+@

PTCL Training & Development

!O" !rinciple;;;;#ownstream #ata

Data for specified !"

=
Data for specified !"

9
2++

,roadcast mode
PTCL Training & Development

!O" !rinciple;;;;#ownstream #ata

9 Line rate(
9 9 #ownstream : 2()66 bHs( Fpstream : +(2)) bHs(

9 ,roadcast mode( ( continous mode operation( ( traffic in the downstream is sent toHreceived b% ever% O"F( 9 $ssue( #ata confidentialit% ( AC-;Advanced Cncr%ption -tandard used for link la%er encr%ption(

2+2

PTCL Training & Development

!O" !rinciple;;;;Fpstream #ata

Data from specified user

=
Data from specified !"

1#/A 41ime #ivision /ultiplex Access5 mode

2+3

PTCL Training & Development

!O" !rinciple;;;;Fpstream #ata

9 1#/A; 1ime #ivision /ultiple Access(
9 burst mode operation( 9 the OL1 controls which O"F 'ets access to the upstream at a particular moment in time(

9 $ssues: potential collision( ( access 'rantin'( ( distance ran'in'(

2+)

PTCL Training & Development

#p tream :an!'i!t) Allo&ation

9 1he OL1 is responsible for allocatin' upstream bandwidth to the O"1s( ,ecause the optical distribution network 4O#"5 is shared, O"1 upstream transmissions could collide if the% were transmitted at random times( 9 O"1s can lie at var%in' distances from the OL1, meanin' that the transmission dela% from each O"1 is uniDue( 9 1he OL1 measures dela% and sets a re'ister in each O"1 via !LOA/ 4ph%sical la%er operations and maintenance5 messa'es to eDualiGe its dela% with respect to all of the other O"1s on the !O"(
2+0
PTCL Training & Development

#p tream :an!'i!t) Allo&ation

9 Once the dela% of all O"1s has been set, the OL1 transmits so;called 'rants to the individual O"1s( 9 A 'rant is permission to use a defined interval of time for upstream transmission( 9 1he 'rant map is d%namicall% re;calculated ever% few milliseconds( 9 1he map allocates bandwidth to all O"1s, such that each O"1 receives timel% bandwidth for its service needs(
2+2
PTCL Training & Development

#p tream :an!'i!t) Allo&ation

9 -ome services !O1-, for example reDuire essentiall% constant upstream bandwidth, and the OL1 ma% provide a fixed bandwidth allocation to each such service that has been provisioned(

2+3

PTCL Training & Development

AC- Cncr%ption in
1 E 1 E 1

!O"
1 1 1 Cnd Fser

O"1

De&r6ption
1 E 1

OL1 "n&r6ption

1 E -

1 E 1

1 E -

O"1

Cnd Fser 2

De&r6ption
E 1 E

AC-: Advanced Cncr%pt -tandard A 'loball%;used encr%ption al'orithm

O"1

Cnd Fser 3

De&r6ption

OL1 applies Advanced Cncr%ption -tandard 4AC-5 +26 encr%ption(

!O" supports encr%pted transmission in downstream direction, such as AC-+26 encr%ption( C/ fra'ments, onl% the pa%load will be encr%pted( !O" s%stem initiates AC- ke% exchan'e and switch;over periodicall%, improvin' the reliabilit% of the line(
PTCL Training & Development

$n the case of

2+6

!O" reference /odel

PTCL Training & Development

GPON Net'or( .o!el $eferen&e

F"$ .HO#" -H. -"$

O"FHO"1
1 reference point $=pon

OL1 :#/
Optical splitter

-ervice node

:#/

$=pon

? reference point

"C

"C

ON# ONT ODN OLT ?D. N" SN+ #N+

Opti&al Net'or( #nit Opti&al Net'or( Terminal Opti&al Di tri,ution Net'or( Opti&al Line Terminal ?avelengt) Divi ion .ultiple7 .o!ule Net'or( "lement Servi&e No!e +nterfa&e # er Net'or( +nterfa&e
PTCL Training & Development

22@

GPON .ultiple7ing Ar&)ite&ture

O " F
!ort 1;*O"1 !ort !ort 1;*O"1 !ort !ort

C/ !ort: the minimum unit for carr%in' services( 1;*O"1: 1ransmission *ontainers is a kind of buffer that carries services( $t is mainl% used to transmit upstream data units( 1;*O"1 is introduced to realiGe the d%namic bandwidth assi'nment of the upstream bandwidth, so as to enhance the utiliGation of the line( $= pon: !O" interface( ,ased on the mappin' scheme, service traffic is carried to different C/ ports and then to different 1;*O"1s( 1he mappin' between the C/ port and the 1;*O"1 is flexible( A C/ port can correspond to a 1;*O"1P or multiple C/ !orts can correspond to the same 1; *O"1( A !O" interface of an O"F contains one or multiple 1;*O"1s(

$=pon

O " F O " F

!ort 1;*O"1 !ort

1;*O"1 !ort

O"F;$# identifies O"Fs

Alloc;$#s identifies 1;*O"1s

!ort;$# identifies C/ ports

22+

PTCL Training & Development

!O" /ultiplexin' Architecture

OLT
C/ !ort C/ !ort

ONT
T*CONT

T*CONT

& F5 PO N ,N &
1 l assi @ f i cati on

& F5 PO N $ N &

/ * por t O pti cal Fi ber

Q o-3 For ' ar d

4@ 1O N 4

/ * por t 1l assi @
) i rtual f i cati on 9 N ;

f l o'

O +T

O N $

222

PTCL Training & Development

GPON Frame Stru&ture

Downstream Framing -2:us Ph6sica7 "ontro7 7ock Downstream 8P" d9 $pstream andwidth %ap

Pa67oad
ONT 0
,tart (nd

!77oc&D

,tart

(nd

!77oc&D

-..

2..

/..

:..

OLT
T5"ONT. 8ONT -9 -lot 6## -lot ?## -lot 7## T5"ONT . 8ONT 29 -lot %##

ONT 63
P+Ou P+O!%u P+,u D 'u ;Pa67oad < D 'u ) Pa67oad 6 $pstream Framing

223

PTCL Training & Development

GPON #p tream Frame Stru&ture

$pstream Framing
P+& Port &D PT& H("

G(% Frame G(% header >ragment header

Fu77 >rame

G(% header

Frame >ragment

D ! 'eport Pad i> needed

P+Ou P+O!%u P+,u D 'u < Pa67oad < D 'u 6 Pa67oad 6 ONT !

P+Ou D 'u = Pa67oad = ONT

D ! -,2,3b6tes "'" -b6te

Preamb7eDe7imiter &P ON$5&D &nd ON$ &D ! b6tes b6tes - b6tes - b6tes - b6tes

%sg &D - b6tes

%essage -. b6tes

"'" - b6tes

22)

PTCL Training & Development

Downstream Framing -2:us P" d n Pa67oad n

GPON Do'n tream Frame Stru&ture

P" d n?Pa67oad n &dent 3 b6tes P+O!%d &P P7end -/ b6tes - b6tes 3 b6tes &P P7end 3 b6tes $, * %ap N@A b6tes &P

Ps6nc 3 b6tes

"o4erage o> this

"o4erage o> ne<t

F(" &nd 'eser4ed ,uper5>rame - bit - bit "ounter /. bits

7en * %ap !7en !T% Partition "'" +ength -2 bits +ength -2 bits A bits

!ccess - !ccess 2 A b6tes A b6tes

B..

!ccess n A b6tes

!77oc &D -2 bits

F7ags -2 bits

,,tart 2 b6tes

,,top 2 b6tes

"'" - b6te

,end P+, ,end P+O!%n $se F(" ,end D 'u 'eser4ed - bit - bit - bit 2 bits C bits

220

PTCL Training & Development

.apping of TD. Servi&e in GPON

1#/ ,uffer $n'ress buffer C/ =rame PL+ Port +D PT+ H"C

TD.

1#/ data

!a%load 1#/ fra'ment

1#/ frames are buffered and Dueued as the% arrive, then 1#/ data is multiplexed

in to fixed;len'th

C/ frames for transmission( C/ frames benefits the transmission of 1#/ services (

1his scheme does not var% 1#/ services but transmit 1#/ services transparentl%( =eaturin' fixed len'th,

222

PTCL Training & Development

.apping of "t)ernet Servi&e in GPON

Cthernet !acket +nter pa&(et gap Pream,le SFD DA SA Lengt)MT6pe .AC &lient !ata F"C "OF C/ !a%load C/ =rame PL+ Port +D PT+ C$C 0 b%tes

!O" s%stem resolves Cthernet frames and then directl% maps the data of frames into the C/ !a%load( C/ frames automaticall% encapsulate header information( boasts 'ood compatibilit%(

/appin' format is clear and it is eas% for devices to support this mappin'( $t also

223

PTCL Training & Development

!O" &e% 1echnolo'ies;

9 9 9 9 9 .an'in' #,A 1;*O"1 ACAttenuation

226

PTCL Training & Development

.an'in'
9 OL1 obtains the .ound 1rip #ela% 4.1#5 throu'h ran'in' process, then specifies suitable CDualiGation #ela% 4CD#5 so as to avoid occurrence of collision on optical splitters( 1o acDuire the serial number and ran'in', OL1 needs open a window, that is, Euiet Vone, and pauses upstream transmittin' channels on other O"Fs( 9

OLT ON#1 ON#ON#E

228

PTCL Training & Development

#,A
9 9 :hat is #,AJ #,A, #%namic ,andwidth Assi'nment :h% #,AJ $t enhances the uplink bandwidth utiliGation of !O" ports( /ore users can be added on a !O" port( Fsers can enjo% hi'her;bandwidth services, especiall% those reDuirin' comparativel% 'reater chan'e in terms of the bandwidth( #,A operation modes -.;#,A: status report;#,A "-.;#,A: non status report;#,A

23@

PTCL Training & Development

-.;#,A Operation
O+T

D ! report

ON$

D ! a7gorithm 7ogic
* %ap

Control platform

Data platform
T5"ONT

Time s7ot ,chedu7er

T5"ONT

T5"ONT

#,A block in the OL1 constantl% collects information from #,A reports, and sends the

al'orithm result in the form of ,: /ap to O"Fs (

,ased on the ,: /ap, each O"F sends upstream burst data on time slots specified to

themselves and utiliGes the upstream bandwidth(

23+

PTCL Training & Development

-.;#,A Operation
OLT
D8# Direction PC:!
F- ,: /ap

ONT
Pa6loa!

,ased on the al'orithm result of last time, OL1 delivers ,:

U8# Direction Data

$eport

/aps in the header of downstream frames(

"

,ased on the bandwidth allocation information, O"F sends the status report of data currentl% waitin' in 1;*O"1s in the specified time slots( OL1 receives the status report from the O"F, updates ,: /ap throu'h #,A al'orithm and then delivers the new ,: /ap in the next frame( O"F receives the ,: /ap from the OL1 and sends data in the specified time slots(

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PTCL Training & Development

"-.;#,A Operation
9 NS$*D:A "-. is an al'orithm scheme that realiGes #,A( $t helps to predict the bandwidth allocated to each O"F based on the traffic from O"Fs( 9 Pro&e!ure9 -tep+: /onitor the number of data packets received b% OL1 within the specified interval( -tep2: Fse the result of real time monitorin' in step + to calculate the utiliGation rate( -tep3: .eco'niGe the con'estion status b% comparin' the utiliGation rate with the specified limits(

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PTCL Training & Development

#,A :orkin' !rinciple

,ased on service priorities, the s%stem sets -LA for each O"F, restrictin' service bandwidth( 1he maximum bandwidth and the minimum bandwidth pose limits to the bandwidth of each O"F, ensurin' various bandwidth for services of different priorities( $n 'eneral, voice service enjo%s the hi'hest, then video service and data service the lowest in terms of service priorit%( OL1 'rants bandwidth based on services, -LA and the actual condition of the O"F( -ervices of hi'her priorit% enjo% hi'her bandwidth( PTCL Training & Development

23)

1;*O"1 ,andwidth 1erms

9 1ransmission *ontainers 41;*O"1s5: it d%namicall% receives 'rants delivered b% OL1( 1;*O"1s are used for the mana'ement of upstream bandwidth allocation in the !O" section of the 1ransmission *onver'ence la%er( 1;*O"1s are primaril% used to improve the upstream bandwidth use on the !O"( 1;*O"1 ,: t%pe falls into =,, A,, "A,, and ,C( =ive 1;*O"1 t%pes: 1%pe+, 1%pe2, 1%pe3, 1%pe), and 1%pe0(

9 9

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PTCL Training & Development

1;*O"1 1%pe and ,andwidth 1%pe

4ype6 4@1ON4 is of the fixed band'idth type and mainly used for services sensitive to delay and services of hi,her priorities+ such as voice services> 4ype? and type7 4@1ON4 is of the ,uaranteed band'idth type and mainly used for video services and data services of hi,her priorities> 4ype" is of the best@effort type and mainly used for data services Dsuch as ;nternet and emailE+ and services of lo'er priorities> 4hese services do not require hi,h band'idth> 4ype% is of the mixed 4@1ON4 type+ involvin, all band'idth types and bearin, all services>

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PTCL Training & Development

Eo- /echanism of O"F in

?O$! ?O# #A1A 1#/

!O"
-ervice differentia based on 6@2(+p

1raffic;flow

!O"

-chedulin' And buffer control

-ervice traffic based on

OL1 -plitter

C/ !ort;id

?O$! ?O#

1raffic;flow

-ervice differentia based on 6@2(+p

!O"

-chedulin' And buffer control

1#/

1raffic classification of services based on LA"H6@2(+p( -ervice schedulin' based on the combination of strict priorit% 4-!5 and :ei'hted .ound .obin 4:..5 al'orithms( -ervice transmission based on service mappin' with different 1;*O"1s, enhancin' line utiliGation and reliabilit%( PTCL Training & Development

233

Eo- /echanism of OL1 in

!O"
Cthernet 6@2(+p *OEueuin' K schedulin' #,A
!O"

?O$! ,1? #A1A

brid'in' CH+@ C "on; blockin' switchin'

,-.
OLT

1#/

!O"

Fpstream service traffic based on different ?LA"s PSTN TD. Gate'a6

1raffic classification based on ?LA"H6@2(+p( -ervice schedulin' based on combination of strict priorit% 4-!5 and :ei'hted .ound .obin 4:..5 al'orithms( #,A al'orithm, enhancin' uplink bandwidth utiliGation( Access control list 4A*L5;based access control on la%ers above la%er;2(

236

PTCL Training & Development

(ADC) * FTTP +nfra tru&ture

238

PTCL Training & Development

(ADC) * FTT7 Ar&)ite&ture

2)@

PTCL Training & Development

(ADC) * FTT7 .D# Ar&)ite&ture

2)+

PTCL Training & Development

*ornin' !O" Overview

2)2

PTCL Training & Development

1ellabs !O" Overview

2)3

PTCL Training & Development

.in' !rotection

2))

PTCL Training & Development

?eriGon /#F ; arden -t%le $nstallation

2)0

PTCL Training & Development

?eriGon /#F ;

arden -t%le $nstallation

2)2

PTCL Training & Development

?eriGon /#F ;

arden -t%le $nstallation

2)3

PTCL Training & Development

!ropert% ,uried #istribution ; =#> feed to =#1 $nstallation

Pi&1; Cach propert% will have a main buried drop splice;point from the main =#> servicin' the propert%(

2)6

PTCL Training & Development

Pi& - ; Cach individual buildin' will have a buried fiber pi';tail spliced into the main fiber back to the =#>(

2)8

PTCL Training & Development

Pi& E ; 1his fiber pi';tail is alread% pre;terminated to that new =#1, which will usuall% be located next to existin' O-! facilities(

20@

PTCL Training & Development

=#1 ; Cxterior /oldin' Apartment !athwa%

20+

PTCL Training & Development

Cach buildin' =#1 is capable of providin' service to 2) apartments( As service is activated each jumper is then connected to that unit(

202

PTCL Training & Development

Aerial =eed H #istribution -plice Cnclosures

203

PTCL Training & Development

Aerial !remise #rop Cnclosure H Aerial to ,uried #istribution !edestal Cnclosure

20)

PTCL Training & Development

Pi& 1 ; Open view of Aerial =#> 2+2 Pi& - ; Scroll over the enlarged pic Q !ole /ount A#* =#> 2+2 wH Aerial =eed K #istribution enclosure above(

200

PTCL Training & Development

=11> !lannin';Out'oin' =O *able from *O(

9 9 9 9 9 1he O-! fiber counts from the *entral Office should be of suitable siGe, to ensure meetin' the future capacit% reDuirements( 1he number of fibers in the O-! cable would more likel% end up bein' closer to + =iber per +2 tenants( .eDuirements of direct fibers for business establishment should also to be considered, while siGin' the main cables( :here the diversit% is reDuired for an important office, Airport, !olice, >ospital etc the fiber can be routed in two different routes( =ibers alread% laid for local network K *A1? "etwork can be considered while developin' the !O" "etwork(
PTCL Training & Development

202

1he "umber of -plitters per 4=#>5 *abinet K -iGin' of 4=eeder5 *able(

9 9 9 9 9 9 Cver% splitter reDuires a sin'le fiber from OL1( 1he total number of splitter reDuirement per cabinet shall be based on 0th %ear tenants forecasted( 20I spare fibers should be considered in the =O cable siGe, for future reDuirements, maintenance, etc( "umber of -plitter per *abinetL"o of 1enants H -plit .atio 4+:325( 1he provision of the number of fibers ma% eDual to at least 2@ %ear tenants forecasted( =eeder cable to be loose tube 6=H+2=H2)=(

203

PTCL Training & Development

Optical !ower Attenuation

9*alculatin' optical splitter attenuation : 9$nsertion loss of the optical splitter 4W+d,5: 9X4!owerYinput5 ; X4!owerYoutput of all branches5

Input

1=2 optical splitter

Output

2=N optical splitter

D 1C log(C5A) N * E5C1 E Attenuation of a 19- opti&al plitter9 E5C1 !: Attenuation of a 191@ opti&al plitter9 1-5CJ !: Attenuation of a 19@J opti&al plitter9 1I5C@ !:

206

PTCL Training & Development

=ibre Attenuation and !ower ,ud'et

Fi,re attenuation relate to t)e fi,re lengt) T)e attenuation of fi,re pli&ing point i generall6 le t)an C5-!:

A,out C5EA !: per (m for 1E1C/1JKCnm

Ot)er fa&tor ma6 &au e attenuation/ u&)

Ta,le G5KIJ5- B Cla Cla A e for opti&al pat) lo Cla : Cla : Cla

Hua'ei4 OLT an! ON# -I !: (Cla :2)

C

a fi,re ,en!ing

/inimum loss /aximum loss

0 d, 2@ d,

+@ d, 20 d,

+3 d, 26 d,

+0 d, 3@ d,

"O1C 1he reDuirements of a particular class ma% be more strin'ent for one s%stem t%pe than for another, e('( the class * attenuation ran'e is inherentl% more strin'ent for 1*/ s%stems due to the use of a +:2 splitterHcombiner at each side of the O#", each havin' a loss of about 3 d,(

208

PTCL Training & Development

!arameters of
$tems OL1:
.ean laun&)e! po'er .+N .ean laun&)e! po'er .A% .inimum en itivit6 .inimum overloa! O"F: .ean laun&)e! po'er .+N .ean laun&)e! po'er .A% .inimum en itivit6 .inimum overloa!
22@

!O" 4*lass ,U5

Fnit -in'le fibre OL1
!:m !:m !:m !:m !:m !:m !:m !:m 215A +A *-I *I O"F C5A +A *-D *I

PTCL Training & Development

!O" /ana'ement and -ervice !rovisionin'

PTCL Training & Development

!O" -ervice !rovisionin'

Carrier 4 nig)tmare

$nitial confi'urations 4such as service s%stem information confi'uration, data confi'uration5 are reDuired on terminals and then the% can be put into use( 1o finish these confi'urations, it is not cost;effective to carriers( Appli&ation &enario
+

Fle7i,le Configuration plan of GPON !O" supports Gero confi'uration on terminals and plu';and;pla% of terminals, which is cost;effective(

-ubscribe for services

C$.

Or!er .anagement

Servi&e Provi ioning

:illing

*onfi'ure service network

N.S -CCC 3 -end terminals to users + =inish the auto;confi'uration of OL1

Fse O/*$ to finishin' data confi'uration on O"1 3

A&&e

Net'or(

# er

ST:

2 ONT ONT -tart up O"1 and make re'istration with serial number

ONT

ONT

222

PTCL Training & Development

,asic -ervices over "etwork

!O"

PTCL Training & Development

1riple !la% -olution in

,, service platform
PC TL1/CO$:A /AP+ SF# Carrier4 OSS N.S

!O"
"otification

+PT;

;oD Server .i!!le 'are

P)one ; C D P" . SL D # -plitter PC P)one OLT

"t)ernet

+P Core
Fire'all

+ntern et

S:#

:$AS AAA Server

Soft 'it&)
:a e tation
+P ;oi&e

C:#
F" "1

CP"

ODN PTCL Training & Development

NSP

ASP/+SP

22)

-ummar%
9 $n this presentation, we introduced !O" basic concept , architecture , and principle( 9 :e also discussed about !O" service provisionin' and application(

220

PTCL Training & Development

THANO >O#

222

PTCL Training & Development