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Q T Q T: Propeller Testing

This document summarizes propeller testing procedures and methods. It discusses how propellers were tested independently of ships in open water starting in the 1840s. Key variables measured were thrust, torque, and efficiency at different shaft rotation speeds and flow velocities. Tests were later conducted on propeller models to determine non-dimensional coefficients as functions of advance ratio and other parameters. Standard series of propeller performance curves were developed based on these model tests to aid in propeller design.

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pothirajkalyan
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117 views

Q T Q T: Propeller Testing

This document summarizes propeller testing procedures and methods. It discusses how propellers were tested independently of ships in open water starting in the 1840s. Key variables measured were thrust, torque, and efficiency at different shaft rotation speeds and flow velocities. Tests were later conducted on propeller models to determine non-dimensional coefficients as functions of advance ratio and other parameters. Standard series of propeller performance curves were developed based on these model tests to aid in propeller design.

Uploaded by

pothirajkalyan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Propeller Testing

Screw propeller replaced paddle wheel ~1845 in Great Britain (vessel) - Brunel In test; independent variables are velocity of advance VA shaft rotation speed n (rev/sec), N (rev/min) dependent variables are: torque Q thrust T i.e. we build a propeller, rotate it a a given speed in a given flow and measure thrust and torque (at this point - conceptually - not practical at full scale) are considering propeller in general, no ship present, => open water velocities relative to blade:

VA
VR
2**n*r=*n*d
*n*d

VA

test at given n, vary VA, measure thrust (T), torque (Q) and calculate efficiency ( )

Q T
o

Q T

o
typical performance curve at given rotaion speed, note zero efficiency at VA = 0 and T = 0

VA
Obviously, testing at full scale impractical, hence use model scale and apply to geopmetrically similar propeller. Expect performance to depend on: VA velocity of advance D diameter of propeller n rotational speed fluid density dynamic viscosity ( = / = kinematic viscosity p - pv pressure of fluid (upstream static pressure) compared to vapor pressure

9/8/2006

First non-dimensionalize: using n and D

Thrust

KT :=

T n D Q n D
2 5 2 4

Torque

KQ :=

advance_velocity

J :=

VA n D D VA p pv 1 2 VA
2

Reynold's number based on diameter:

ReD :=

nominal cavitation index (presure)

N :=

dimensional analysis would show:

KT = f J , ReD , N

KQ = f J , ReD , N

Typical propeller: fully turbulent, hence only weakly dependent on Re D deeply submerged, N not influential, hence: KT = f( J) KQ = f( J) substituting the above coefficients ... recall open water efficiency efficiency o := T VA 2 n Qo o 1 2 KT J KQ o := 1 2 KQ KT J

so now we test a model scale propeller ~ 12 inches diameter measuring thrust and torque and plotting non-dimensionally: (10 * K Q is used for similar scales, K Q has extra D when non-dimensionalized)

10*KQ 10*KQ K T KT
o

J=VA/(n*D)

9/8/2006

Propeller Series Testing

ref: PNA pg 186 ff

Early series done by Taylor, Gawn, Schaff, NSMB For design purposes NSMB became standard NSMB = Netherlands Ship Model Basin; now MARIN Maritime Research Institute Netherlands first series designated A were airfoil shapes had some cavitation revised shapes to avoid cavitation: widened blade tips circular section near tip airfoil near hub, etc. designated B series see figure 48 in PNA for geometry

Propeller pitch
Pitch = distance moved along axis of propeller by an imaginary line parallel to the blade chord line for one rotation of the blade - unyielding fluid - chord defined as line between nose and tip

P/(2)

usually non-dimensionalized by D

tan( ) =

P 2 r

P D

r
typically use at r =0.7*R if variable D = D( r) = D( radius)

B series is family of curves of open water performance at model scale for numbers of blades and area ratio Blade area ratio AE/A0 . . . . 2 0.30 . 3 . 0.35 . . 0.5 . . 0.40 . . 0.55 4 . 5 . . . 0.45 . . 6 . . . . 0.5 . . . . . 0.55 7 . . . . 0.6 . . . 0.65 . . 0.65 . . . 0.70 . . 0.7 . . . 0.75 . . . 0.80 . . 0.80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number of blades Z

0.85 . 1.0

0.85 .

. . 1.05 . .
.

above performance curve (K T, KQ, vs. J shown for particular number of blades, P/D A E/A0 member designated as: B.5.50 => B series 5 blades 0.50 area ratio This introduced Expanded area ratio = consider section along cylindrical surface at radius r using helix of pitch P flatten helix rotate to show cross section at radius r

9/8/2006

sum expanded section over radius = expanded area of blade * number of blades Z = expanded area EAR (Expanded area ratio) = Expanded area / disk area Expanded_area disk_area AE
D 4
2

EAR =

can also express developed area and projected area Troost published a set of these curves in "notebook"

see hydrocomp report

later Oosterveld and Van Oossanen published a set of curves based on an empirical curve fit ref: "Further Compiuter - Analyzed Data of the Wageningen B-Screw Series", International Shipbuilding Progress, Volume 22

P AE t KT = f1 J , , , Z , Rn , c D A0

and ....

P AE t KQ = f2 J , , , Z , Rn , c D A0

the coefficients for Re = 2*10^6 without t/c in the fit are listed in Table 17 page 191 of PNA corrections for t/c and Re can be added later this provides a set of curves as indicated. e.g.
regression coefficients Re=2*10^6

plot for B.5.75 for single value of P/D


38

P_over_D := 0.6

EAR := 0.75

z := 5

Kt( J , P_over_D) :=

n= 0

a JsKtn P_over_DtKtn EARuKtn zvKtn n


Kq( J , P_over_D) :=

n=0

46

b JsKqn P_over_DtKqn EARuKqn zvKqn n

(J , P_over_D) :=

Kt( J , P_over_D) 2

J Kq( J , P_over_D) revolutions second

trust_power propeller_power

T VA Q 2 n

n=

1 n 2 D4 D 2 VA Kt J T = = Q 1 Q 2 n 2 4 2 n 2 Kq n D D
T VA 2

9/8/2006

we have some data problem with polynomials as they calculate some values beyond real data (K T <0) (J , P_over_D) := if ( Kt( J , P_over_D) > 0 , ( J , P_over_D) , 0 ) Kt(J , P_over_D) := if ( Kt( J , P_over_D) > 0 , Kt( J , P_over_D) , 0) correct first - before Kt is made positive definite eliminate negative segments - make positive definite

Kq(J , P_over_D) := if ( Kq( J , P_over_D) > 0 , Kq( J , P_over_D) , 0)

plotting constructs

EAR := 0.75

z := 3

P_over_D := 1.2

1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2

Kt, 10*Kq,efficiency (eta)

1.1 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 0.13 0.25 0.38 0.5 0.63 0.75 0.88 1 1.13 1.25 1.38 1.5 1.63 1.75 1.88 2

Advance ratio J=VA/(n*D)

9/8/2006

Plot for P/D = 1.4, 1.2, 1.0, 0.8, 0.6 calculated using regression relationships

B_series
1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1

z := 3

EAR := 0.75

Kt, Kq*10, efficiency

0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

Advance Ratio J=VA/nD

9/8/2006

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