Monkemeier AP Biology

October 16, 2009 Chapter 7: Cell Structure and Function

Chapter 7: Cell Structure, Function Practice Test

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_____1. A team of researchers is writing a grant for a microscope to use in their research on the external structures on the dorsal surface of a spider mite. The specific region on the mite's back seems to be the habitat of an even smaller mite. These mites are extremely tiny and only one microscope with very high magnification can be purchased. Based on the information given, which type of microscope would you suggest? A. transmission electron microscope B. scanning electron microscope C. binocular compound light microscope D. monocular compound light microscope E. dissecting microscope

_____ 2. Nuclear pores apparently permit the passage of only A. chromosomes outward. B. glucose molecules outward. C. assembled DNA molecules outward. D. proteins inward and outward, but RNA only outward. E. sodium ions inward, potassium ions outward.

_____ 3. A cytologist is examining a tissue under an electron microscope. He notices in particular that the endoplasmic reticulum of each cell is extremely rough in appearance and of course knows that the rough appearance is because of the ribosomes embedded there. He is curious about why there are so many ribosomes. You can help. Your response would be, A. "This tissue exports lipids and is very involved with mRNA production, which of course is used in protein synthesis." B. "This tissue exports proteins to other areas of the body." C. "This tissue has obviously been exposed to the new protein diet supplements that are so popular these days and has been recruited to make more protein." D. "This tissue exports various nucleic acids, hence the large number of ribosomes present on the endoplasmic reticulum in each of those cells."

_____ 4. One of the relationships that exists between ribosomes and lysosomes is that A. ribosomes produce enzymes that could be stored in lysosomes. B. ribosomes produce lipids that could be stored in lysosomes. C. lysosomes are located near ribosomes on the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. D. lysosomes are produced by ribosomes and therefore contain proteins that were synthesized at the ribosomes.

_____ 5. A cell biologist has developed a new drug that will block the cis face of the Golgi apparatus. If eventually approved by the FDA, she wants to use this new drug to aid cancer patients. What specifically will this drug prevent from happening inside a cancer cell? A. the synthesis of proteins or lipids on the endoplasmic reticulum B. the movement of the lipids and proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus C. the blockage of proteins and lipids on the endoplasmic reticulum D. the prevention of ATP synthesis by blocking pyruvate formation on the trans face of the Golgi apparatus

_____ 6. All of the following are considered to be part of the endomembrane system except A. mitochondria. B. Golgi apparatus. C. rough endoplasmic reticulum. D. plasma membrane. E. transport vesicles.

______ 7. Your research project involves characterizing the expression pattern of a nuclear pore protein. After using immunohistochemistry to fluorescently label the protein, you decide that you would like to capture the data as a 3-D image. Which microscope should you use? A. phase-contrast microscope B. fluorescence microscope C. confocal microscope D. scanning electron microscope

______ 8. Alcohol consumption adversely affects the synthesis of molecules involved in the protein degradation, which can eventually lead to liver damage. Given this information, which organelle in liver cells is most directly affected? A. nucleus B. Golgi apparatus C. rough ER D. lysosome

______ 9. Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome is a very rare disease that is caused by several different mutations in the lamin A gene. If you were to culture cells from patients who have Progeria, what effect might you expect to see over time? A. a decrease in phagocytosis B. a decrease in membrane fluidity C. the nucleus would become misshapen D. the cells would burst

______ 10. Given what is known about the minimal essential functions of cellular life, if you could create an artificial cell, which of the following structures must you include? A. cell wall B. ribosome C. mitochondria D. nucleus

_______ 11. If you were a protein destined to reach the plasma membrane and you were making your way through the Golgi when suddenly Golgi trafficking was blocked at the trans face, what would happen to you? A. You would continue on to the cell surface. B. You would be stuck in the Golgi. C. You would return to the ER via the cis face of the Golgi. D. You would exit the Golgi, but instead be targeted to the cytoplasm.

_______ 12. A mutation in an integrin protein would likely affect all of the following except A. communication between the ECM and cytoskeleton. B. cell-cell adhesion. C. fibronectin binding. D. communication between the nucleus and cytoskeleton.

_________13. Which of the following associations is unlike the others? A. histonenucleosome B. cristamitochondria C. granachloroplast D. lysosomeperoxisome

For Number 14 the answer has two words. Write your answer on the bottom line provided

14. Animal cells excrete glycoproteins outside of the plasma membrane to produce an _________ _________ which is directly linked to the cytoskeleton.

________________________________________

_____15. Small cells function more effectively, because as cells become larger their surface area to volume ratio A. increases. B. decreases. C. stays the same. D. is squared. E. is cubed.

_____16. The proteins of the plasma membrane are in large part responsible for the cell's ability to interact with its environment. They act as or are involved in all of the following except A. channel. B. recognition. C. reception. D. transport. E. packaging DNA.

________17. Ribosomes are A. only DNA molecules. B. only RNA molecules. C. single, naked, and circular chromosomes. D. only protein molecules. E. large molecular aggregates of protein and RNA.

_______18. The eukaryotic organelle that is directly involved in the transport of proteins synthesized on the surface of the rough ER is called A. mitochondria. B. vacuole. C. cytoskeleton. D. Golgi complex. E. nucleus.

________19. In eukaryotes, mitochondria are the organelles primarily involved in A. energy release/capture. B. phospholipid assembly. C. export of enzymes. D. lipid synthesis. E. protein synthesis.

________20. Nucleolus of the nucleus is the site of A. protein synthesis. B. ribosome assembly. C. chromosome replication. D. lipid synthesis. E. uncoiling and unraveling of chromosomes.

______21. Chromosomes can be condensed into compact structures, visible with the light microscope, but usually only A. after the cell is dead. B. during cell division. C. while the DNA is being copied into RNA. D. while the proteins are being assembled. E. while the nuclear pores are open.

_______22. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the other organelles besides the nucleus that contain A. DNA. B. pores. C. channels. D. plasma membranes. E. pigments.

______ 23. The functions of the cytoskeleton include all of the following except A. providing the cell shape. B. providing scaffolding for the enzymes in certain areas of the cell. C. organizing the cell's activities. D. providing movement of molecules in the cell. E. ribosome assembly.

______ 24. The electron microscope can magnify an object typically A. ten times bigger. B. one hundred times bigger. C. one thousand times bigger. D. tens of thousand times bigger. E. hundreds of thousand times bigger.

______25. A cell biologist treats a cell so that oxygen cannot diffuse across the membrane. Which organelle will be directly affected? A. mitochondria B. lysosome C. nucleus D. ribosome E. Golgi apparatus

________ 26. Which of the following is not visible by use of a light microscope? A. paramecium B. bacterium C. large virus D. red blood cell E. eukaryotic nucleus

Cell Structure, Function Practice Test Key

1. A team of researchers is writing a grant for a microscope to use in their research on the external structures on the dorsal surface of a spider mite. The specific region on the mite's back seems to be the habitat of an even smaller mite. These mites are extremely tiny and only one microscope with very high magnification can be purchased. Based on the information given, which type of microscope would you suggest? a. transmission electron microscope B. scanning electron microscope c. binocular compound light microscope d. monocular compound light microscope e. dissecting microscope

Difficulty: Difficult Raven - 004 Chapter... #51

2. Nuclear pores apparently permit the passage of only a. chromosomes outward. b. glucose molecules outward. c. assembled DNA molecules outward. D. proteins inward and outward, but RNA only outward. e. sodium ions inward, potassium ions outward.

Difficulty: Difficult Raven - 004 Chapter... #36

3. A cytologist is examining a tissue under an electron microscope. He notices in particular that the endoplasmic reticulum of each cell is extremely rough in appearance and of course knows that the rough appearance is because of the ribosomes embedded there. He is curious about why there are so many ribosomes. You can help. Your response would be, a. "This tissue exports lipids and is very involved with mRNA production, which of course is used in protein synthesis." B. "This tissue exports proteins to other areas of the body." c. "This tissue has obviously been exposed to the new protein diet supplements that are so popular these days and has been recruited to make more protein." d. "This tissue exports various nucleic acids, hence the large number of ribosomes present on the endoplasmic reticulum in each of those cells."

Difficulty: Difficult Raven - 004 Chapter... #52

4. One of the relationships that exists between ribosomes and lysosomes is that A. ribosomes produce enzymes that could be stored in lysosomes. b. ribosomes produce lipids that could be stored in lysosomes. c. lysosomes are located near ribosomes on the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. d. lysosomes are produced by ribosomes and therefore contain proteins that were synthesized at the ribosomes.

Difficulty: Difficult Raven - 004 Chapter... #53

5. A cell biologist has developed a new drug that will block the cis face of the Golgi apparatus. If eventually approved by the FDA, she wants to use this new drug to aid cancer patients. What specifically will this drug prevent from happening inside a cancer cell? a. the synthesis of proteins or lipids on the endoplasmic reticulum B. the movement of the lipids and proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus c. the blockage of proteins and lipids on the endoplasmic reticulum d. the prevention of ATP synthesis by blocking pyruvate formation on the trans face of the Golgi apparatus

Difficulty: Difficult Raven - 004 Chapter... #54

6. All of the following are considered to be part of the endomembrane system except A. mitochondria. b. Golgi apparatus. c. rough endoplasmic reticulum. d. plasma membrane. e. transport vesicles.

Difficulty: Difficult Raven - 004 Chapter... #58

7. Your research project involves characterizing the expression pattern of a nuclear pore protein. After using immunohistochemistry to fluorescently label the protein, you decide that you would like to capture the data as a 3-D image. Which microscope should you use? a. phase-contrast microscope b. fluorescence microscope C. confocal microscope d. scanning electron microscope

Difficulty: Difficult Raven - 004 Chapter... #61

8. Alcohol consumption adversely affects the synthesis of molecules involved in the protein degradation, which can eventually lead to liver damage. Given this information, which organelle in liver cells is most directly affected? a. nucleus b. Golgi apparatus c. rough ER D. lysosome

Difficulty: Difficult Raven - 004 Chapter... #63

9. Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome is a very rare disease that is caused by several different mutations in the lamin A gene. If you were to culture cells from patients who have Progeria, what effect might you expect to see over time? a. a decrease in phagocytosis b. a decrease in membrane fluidity C. the nucleus would become misshapen d. the cells would burst

Difficulty: Difficult Raven - 004 Chapter... #65

10. Given what is known about the minimal essential functions of cellular life, if you could create an artificial cell, which of the following structures must you include? a. cell wall B. ribosome c. mitochondria d. nucleus

Difficulty: Difficult Raven - 004 Chapter... #66

11. If you were a protein destined to reach the plasma membrane and you were making your way through the Golgi when suddenly Golgi trafficking was blocked at the trans face, what would happen to you? a. You would continue on to the cell surface. B. You would be stuck in the Golgi. c. You would return to the ER via the cis face of the Golgi. d. You would exit the Golgi, but instead be targeted to the cytoplasm.

Difficulty: Difficult Raven - 004 Chapter... #68

12. A mutation in an integrin protein would likely affect all of the following except a. communication between the ECM and cytoskeleton. b. cell-cell adhesion. c. fibronectin binding. D. communication between the nucleus and cytoskeleton.

Difficulty: Difficult Raven - 004 Chapter... #69

13. Which of the following associations is unlike the others? a. histonenucleosome b. cristamitochondria c. granachloroplast D. lysosomeperoxisome

Difficulty: Difficult Raven - 004 Chapter... #72

14. Animal cells excrete glycoproteins outside of the plasma membrane to produce an _________ _________ which is directly linked to the cytoskeleton. extracellular matrix

Difficulty: Moderate Raven - 004 Chapter... #14

15. Small cells function more effectively, because as cells become larger their surface area to volume ratio a. increases. B. decreases. c. stays the same. d. is squared. e. is cubed.

Difficulty: Moderate Raven - 004 Chapter... #15

16. The proteins of the plasma membrane are in large part responsible for the cell's ability to interact with its environment. They act as or are involved in all of the following except a. channel. b. recognition. c. reception. d. transport. E. packaging DNA.

Difficulty: Moderate Raven - 004 Chapter... #17

17. Ribosomes are a. only DNA molecules. b. only RNA molecules. c. single, naked, and circular chromosomes. d. only protein molecules. E. large molecular aggregates of protein and RNA.

Difficulty: Moderate Raven - 004 Chapter... #32

18. The eukaryotic organelle that is directly involved in the transport of proteins synthesized on the surface of the rough ER is called a. mitochondria. b. vacuole. c. cytoskeleton. D. Golgi complex. e. nucleus.

Difficulty: Moderate Raven - 004 Chapter... #33

19. In eukaryotes, mitochondria are the organelles primarily involved in A. energy release/capture. b. phospholipid assembly. c. export of enzymes. d. lipid synthesis. e. protein synthesis.

Difficulty: Moderate Raven - 004 Chapter... #34

20. Nucleolus of the nucleus is the site of a. protein synthesis. B. ribosome assembly. c. chromosome replication. d. lipid synthesis. e. uncoiling and unraveling of chromosomes.

Difficulty: Moderate Raven - 004 Chapter... #37

21. Chromosomes can be condensed into compact structures, visible with the light microscope, but usually only a. after the cell is dead. B. during cell division. c. while the DNA is being copied into RNA. d. while the proteins are being assembled. e. while the nuclear pores are open.

Difficulty: Moderate Raven - 004 Chapter... #38

22. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the other organelles besides the nucleus that contain A. DNA. b. pores. c. channels. d. plasma membranes. e. pigments.

Difficulty: Moderate Raven - 004 Chapter... #42

23. The functions of the cytoskeleton include all of the following except a. providing the cell shape. b. providing scaffolding for the enzymes in certain areas of the cell. c. organizing the cell's activities. d. providing movement of molecules in the cell. E. ribosome assembly.

Difficulty: Moderate Raven - 004 Chapter... #47

24. The electron microscope can magnify an object typically a. ten times bigger. b. one hundred times bigger. c. one thousand times bigger. D. tens of thousand times bigger. e. hundreds of thousand times bigger.

Difficulty: Moderate Raven - 004 Chapter... #50

25. A cell biologist treats a cell so that oxygen cannot diffuse across the membrane. Which organelle will be directly affected? A. mitochondria b. lysosome c. nucleus d. ribosome e. Golgi apparatus

Difficulty: Moderate Raven - 004 Chapter... #55

26. Which of the following is not visible by use of a light microscope? a. paramecium b. bacterium C. large virus d. red blood cell e. eukaryotic nucleus

Difficulty: Moderate Raven - 004 Chapter... #57