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Form 5 Chemi (Definition) PDF

This document defines 43 key chemistry terms including: rate of reaction, catalyst, activation energy, collision theory, oxidation, reduction, redox reactions, thermochemistry, heat of reaction, exothermic and endothermic reactions, combustion, fuels, soaps, food additives, and medicines. It provides the definitions of fundamental concepts in chemistry including reaction rates, energy changes in reactions, hydrocarbon classifications, isomerism, and processes like saponification and vulcanization.

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265 views

Form 5 Chemi (Definition) PDF

This document defines 43 key chemistry terms including: rate of reaction, catalyst, activation energy, collision theory, oxidation, reduction, redox reactions, thermochemistry, heat of reaction, exothermic and endothermic reactions, combustion, fuels, soaps, food additives, and medicines. It provides the definitions of fundamental concepts in chemistry including reaction rates, energy changes in reactions, hydrocarbon classifications, isomerism, and processes like saponification and vulcanization.

Uploaded by

VIPscholar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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F5 Chemistry definition

1) Rate of reaction the change in amount of reactant used up or products obtained per
unit time.
2) Catalyst a substance that changes the rate of a reaction but it itself chemically
unchanged at the end of the reaction.
3) Effective/ineffective collision collisions that are successful / unsuccessful in
producing a chemical reaction.
4) Collision theory for a chemical reaction to occur, the reacting particles must have
activation energy and collide with each other in the correct orientation.
5) Activation energy the minimum energy that the particles must possess at the time of
collision in order for a chemical reaction to take place.
6) Carbon compound compounds that contain the element carbon.
7) Hydrocarbon organic compound that contain the elements carbon and hydrogen
only.
8) Saturated hydrocarbon hydrocarbon that have only single covalent bonds between
all the carbon atoms in the molecules.
9) Unsaturated hydrocarbon hydrocarbon that have at least one carbon-carbon multiple
bonds in the molecule.
10) Molecular formula a chemical formula that shows the actual number of atoms of
each element present in one molecule of the substance.
11) Structural formula chemical formula that shows the arrangement of atoms and
covalent bonds between atoms in a molecule of the compound.
12) Homologous a family of organic compounds with the same functional group and
with similar chemical properties.
13) Functional group an atom or a group of atoms that determines the characteristic
properties of an organic compound.
14) Isomerism the existence of two or more compounds that have the same molecular
formula but different structural formula.
15) Isomers compounds which have the same molecular formula but different structural
formulae with different of arrangement of atoms in space.
16) Vulcanisation process of hardening rubber by heating it with sulphur or sulphur
compound.
17) Oxidation the gain of oxygen, loss of hydrogen, loss of electrons and the in crease
of oxidation number of the element.
18) Reduction the loss of oxygen, gain of hydrogen, gain of electrons and the decrease
in the oxidation number of the element.
19) Redox reaction a reaction which involves both oxidation and reduction at the same
time.
20) Oxidising agent substance which causes oxidation and itself experiences reduction.
21) Reducing agent substance which causes reduction and itself experiences oxidation.
22) Oxidation number the charge carried by an ion or an atom of an element in a
compound.
23) Rusting a redox reaction between iron, oxygen and water to form a brown substance
called rust.
24) Law of conservation of energy energy cannot be created or destroyed.
25) Thermochemistry studies the change in heat energy in chemical reactions.
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26) Exothermic reaction reaction that release heat energy to the surrounding.
27) Endothermic reaction reaction that absorb heat energy to the surrounding.
28) Heat of reaction the heat energy absorbed or released when the number of moles of
reactants, as shown in the chemical equation, react to form the products.
29) Thermochemical equation the chemical equation that contains the value of heat
energy on the right of the equation.
30) Energy level diagram the diagram that shows the total energy content of the
reactants compared to the total energy content of the products.
31) Bond energy the energy required to break one mole of covalent bonds.
32) Specific heat capacity the heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1.0 g of
the solution by 1.0 C.
33) Heat of precipitation the heat energy when 1.0 mole of a precipitate is formed from
its ion.
34) Heat of displacement the heat released when 1.0 mole of a metal is displaced from
its salt solution by a more electropositive metal.
35) Heat of neutralisation - the heat released when 1.0 mole of hydrogen ions react with
1.0 mole of hydroxide ions to produce 1.0 mole of water molecules.
36) Heat of combustion the heat released when 1 mole of a substance is burnt
completely in excess oxygen.
37) Combustion a redox reaction in which a substance react rapidly with oxygen with
the production of heat energy.
38) Fuel/heat value the heat energy released when 1.0 g of fuel is burnt in excess
oxygen.
39) Saponification a reaction where soap is produced by the reaction between sodium
hydroxide or potassium hydroxide with animal fats or vegetable oils.
40) Detergent synthetic cleaning agent made from hydrocarbon obtained from
petroleum fractions.
41) Soaps cleansing agent which is made from animal fats or vegetable oils.
42) Food addictives chemicals that are added to food in small quantities for specific
purposes such as protection against bacterial attack or restoring the colour of food
destroyed during food processing.
43) Medicine a substance used to prevent or cure diseases or to reduce pain and
suffering due to illness.

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