Scribd
Upload
24 views

Configuring OSPF in A Single Area: 5-1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc

Netowrking

Uploaded by

Arjun Aslekar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
24 views

Configuring OSPF in A Single Area: 5-1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc

Netowrking

Uploaded by

Arjun Aslekar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 33

Module 5

Configuring OSPF in a Single Area


2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. 5-1

Objectives
Upon completing this lesson, you will be able to:
Explain why OSPF is better than RIP in a large internetwork

Explain how OSPF discovers, chooses, and maintains routes


Explain how OSPF operates in a single-area NBMA environment Configure OSPF for proper operation in a single area

Verify OSPF operation in a single area


2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. BSCI v1.2 5-2

Objectives (cont.)
Configure a single-area OSPF environment and verify proper operation (within described guidelines) of your routers, given an addressing scheme and other laboratory parameters

Configure single-area OSPF in an NBMA environment and verify proper operation (within described guidelines) of your routers, given an addressing scheme and other laboratory parameters
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. BSCI v1.2 5-3

OSPF Overview

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

5-4

What Is OSPF?

Has fast convergence Supports VLSM

Processes updates efficiently


Selects paths based on bandwidth Supports equal-cost multipath

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

BSCI v1.2 5-5

OSPF in IP Packets
89OSPF 6TCP 17UDP
Frame Payload

Frame Header

IP Header

Protocol Number

Packet Payload

C R C

OSPF is a link-state routing protocol


Relies on IP packets for delivery of routing information Uses protocol number 89
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. BSCI v1.2 5-6

OSPF Terminology

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

5-7

OSPF Terminology (cont.)


Autonomous System

Neighbors
Interfaces

Area 1
Cost = 1785
Neighborship Database Lists Neighbors

Cost = 10

Area 0
Token Ring

Cost = 6
Topology Database Lists All Routes Routing Table Lists Best Routes

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

BSCI v1.2 5-8

OSPF Operation in a Broadcast Multiaccess Topology

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

5-9

Neighborship
D
E

Hello

afadjfjorqpoeru 39547439070713

Hello

Router ID Hello/dead intervals Neighbors Area-ID Router priority DR IP address BDR IP address Authentication password Stub area flag

* Entry must match on neighboring routers


2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. BSCI v1.2 5-10

Neighborship (cont.)
D
E

Hello

afadjfjorqpoeru 39547439070713

Hello

Router ID Hello/dead intervals Neighbors Area-ID Router priority DR IP address BDR IP address Authentication password Stub area flag

* Entry must match on neighboring routers


2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. BSCI v1.2 5-11

DR and BDR

DR

BDR

Hellos elect DR and BDR to represent segment Each router then forms adjacency with DR and BDR
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. BSCI v1.2 5-12

Electing the DR and BDR


P=3
DR

P=2
BDR

Hello

P=1

P=1

P=0

Hello packets exchanged via IP multicast Router with highest OSPF priority elected

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

BSCI v1.2 5-13

Exchange Process
A

172.16.5.1/24 E0

172.16.5.2/24 E1

Down State

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

BSCI v1.2 5-14

Exchange Process
A

172.16.5.1/24 E0

172.16.5.2/24 E1

Down State

I am router ID 172.16.5.1 and I see no one.


Init State

Router B Neighbors List 172.16.5.1/24, int E1

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

BSCI v1.2 5-15

Exchange Process
A

172.16.5.1/24 E0

172.16.5.2/24 E1

Down State

I am router ID 172.16.5.1 and I see no one.


Init State

Router B Neighbors List 172.16.5.1/24, int E1

I am router ID 172.16.5.2, and I see 172.16.5.1.

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

BSCI v1.2 5-16

Exchange Process
A

172.16.5.1/24 E0

172.16.5.2/24 E1

Down State

I am router ID 172.16.5.1 and I see no one.


Init State

Router B Neighbors List 172.16.5.1/24, int E1

I am router ID 172.16.5.2, and I see 172.16.5.1.


Router A Neighbors List 172.16.5.2/24, int E0
Two-Way State

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

BSCI v1.2 5-17

Discovering Routes
DR

E0

E0

172.16.5.1
afadjfjorqpoeru 39547439070713

172.16.5.3
Exstart State

Hello

I will start exchange because I have router ID 172.16.5.1.


afadjfjorqpoeru 39547439070713

No, I will start exchange because I have a higher router ID.

Hello

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

BSCI v1.2 5-18

Discovering Routes
DR

E0

E0

172.16.5.1
afadjfjorqpoeru 39547439070713

172.16.5.3
Exstart State

Hello

I will start exchange because I have router ID 172.16.5.1.


afadjfjorqpoeru 39547439070713

No, I will start exchange because I have a higher router ID.


Exchange State

Hello
afadjfjorqpoeru 39547439070713

Here is a summary of my link-state database.


afadjfjorqpoeru 39547439070713

DBD

DBD
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Here is a summary of my link-state database.


BSCI v1.2 5-19

Discovering Routes (cont.)

DR

E0 172.16.5.1
afadjfjorqpoeru 39547439070713

E0 172.16.5.3
afadjfjorqpoeru 39547439070713

LSAck

Thanks for the information!

LSAck

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

BSCI v1.2 5-20

Discovering Routes (cont.)

DR

E0 172.16.5.1
afadjfjorqpoeru 39547439070713

E0 172.16.5.3
afadjfjorqpoeru 39547439070713

LSAck
afadjfjorqpoeru 39547439070713

Thanks for the information!


Loading State

LSAck

LSR

I need the complete entry for network 172.16.6.0/24.


afadjfjorqpoeru 39547439070713

Here is the entry for network 172.16.6.0/24.


afadjfjorqpoeru 39547439070713

LSU

LSAck Thanks for the information!


2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. BSCI v1.2 5-21

Discovering Routes (cont.)

DR

E0 172.16.5.1
afadjfjorqpoeru 39547439070713

E0 172.16.5.3
afadjfjorqpoeru 39547439070713

LSAck
afadjfjorqpoeru 39547439070713

Thanks for the information!


Loading State

LSAck

LSR

I need the complete entry for network 172.16.6.0/24.


afadjfjorqpoeru 39547439070713

Here is the entry for network 172.16.6.0/24.


afadjfjorqpoeru 39547439070713

LSU

LSAck Thanks for the information!


Full State
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. BSCI v1.2 5-22

Choosing Routes
10.1.1.0/24
A
Token Ring

10.2.2.0/24
B
FDDI

10.3.3.0/24
C

Cost=6 Cost=1 Cost=10


10.4.4.0/24 Topology Table Net Cost Out Interface 10.2.2.0 7 To0 This is the best route to 10.3.3.0. 10.3.3.0 17 To0 10.3.3.0 20 E0
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. BSCI v1.2 5-23

Cost=10

Maintaining Routing Information


Link-State Change
DR

1 LSU
B A

Router A notifies all OSPF DRs on 224.0.0.6

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

BSCI v1.2 5-24

Maintaining Routing Information (cont.)


Link-State Change
LSU

2
DR

1 LSU
B A

Router A notifies all OSPF DRs on 224.0.0.6 DR notifies others on 224.0.0.5


2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. BSCI v1.2 5-25

Maintaining Routing Information (cont.)


Link-State Change
LSU

2
DR

1 LSU
B A

3
LSU

Router A notifies all OSPF DRs on 224.0.0.6 DR notifies others on 224.0.0.5


2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. BSCI v1.2 5-26

Maintaining Routing Information (cont.)


Link-State Change
LSU

2
DR

4 I need to update my routing table.

1 LSU
B A

3
LSU

Router A notifies all OSPF DRs on 224.0.0.6 DR notifies others on 224.0.0.5


2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. BSCI v1.2 5-27

Configuring OSPF in a Single Area


2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. 5-28

Configuring OSPF on Internal Routers


Broadcast Network
E0
A

Point-to-Point Network
S0
B

10.64.0.2

10.64.0.1

E0

10.2.1.2

10. 2.1.1 S1
C

<Output Omitted>
interface Ethernet0 ip address 10.64.0.1 255.255.255.0 ! <Output Omitted>
router ospf 1 network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

<Output Omitted> interface Ethernet0 ip address 10.64.0.2 255.255.255.0

!
interface Serial0 ip address 10.2.1.2 255.255.255.0 <Output Omitted> router ospf 50

network 10.2.1.2 0.0.0.0 area 0


network 10.64.0.2 0.0.0.0 area 0

Can assign network or interface address.


2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. BSCI v1.2 5-29

Configuring Optional Commands


Unadvertised Loopback Address Ex: 192.168.255.254 Not in OSPF table Saves address space Cannot use ping Advertised Loopback Address Ex: 172.16.17.5 In OSPF table Uses address space Can use ping

Network 172.16.0.0

Router ID:
Number by which the router is known to OSPF Default: The highest IP address on an active interface at the moment of OSPF process startup Can be overridden by a loopback interface: Highest IP address of any active loopback interface
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. BSCI v1.2 5-30

Configuring Optional Commands (cont.)


Traffic
Token Ring

Cisco
Router(config-if)#

Non-Cisco

ip ospf cost cost

Assigns a cost to an outgoing interface May be required for interoperability Uses default cost between Cisco devices

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

BSCI v1.2 5-31

Verifying OSPF Operation


2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. 5-32

Verifying OSPF Operation


Router#

show ip protocols

Verifies that OSPF is configured


Router#

show ip route

Displays all the routes learned by the router


Router#

show ip ospf interface

Displays area-ID and adjacency information


2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. BSCI v1.2 5-33

You might also like