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SolutionsTute6 PDF

The document provides solutions to tutorial exercises on Hamiltonian dynamics. It includes: 1) Writing Hamilton's equations for the Kepler problem in 3 dimensions 2) Writing Hamilton's equations for a time-dependent Hamiltonian 3) Performing a canonical transformation on a Hamiltonian 4) Showing that a time-independent transformation is canonical 5) Finding conditions for a transformation to be canonical 6) Performing a canonical transformation to the simple harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian 7) Deriving the Hamiltonian for the electromagnetic interaction from a Lagrangian

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Shweta Sridhar
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193 views4 pages

SolutionsTute6 PDF

The document provides solutions to tutorial exercises on Hamiltonian dynamics. It includes: 1) Writing Hamilton's equations for the Kepler problem in 3 dimensions 2) Writing Hamilton's equations for a time-dependent Hamiltonian 3) Performing a canonical transformation on a Hamiltonian 4) Showing that a time-independent transformation is canonical 5) Finding conditions for a transformation to be canonical 6) Performing a canonical transformation to the simple harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian 7) Deriving the Hamiltonian for the electromagnetic interaction from a Lagrangian

Uploaded by

Shweta Sridhar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tutorial Exercises: Hamiltonian Dynamics

1. Kepler problem in 3 dimensions. Write down Hamiltons equations for the following Hamiltonian H= p2 m 1 2 p2 (pr + 2 + 2 2 ) . 2m r r r sin

Solution Hamiltons equations are r = = = H pr = pr m H p = p mr 2 p H = 2 p mr sin2


2

p r = p p

p p2 m H = 3 + 2 2 3 r mr r mr sin 2 cos p H =( 2 3 ) = mr sin H =0 =

2. A time-dependent Hamiltonian Write down Hamiltons equations for the Hamiltonian H (t, q, p) = p2 mCtq 2m

where C is a constant. Solve these equations for the initial conditions q = 0, p = p0 at t = 0. Solution Hamiltons equations are H p = p m H = mCt. p = q q = The second equation can be integrated immediately to give p(t) = 1 mCt2 + p0 2

where the initial condition is also incorporated. Substituting into the rst equation gives 1 q = Ct2 + p0 /m 2 which integrates to 1 q (t) = Ct3 + (p0 /m)t 6 where again the initial condition has been used.

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3. Consider the following transformation mentioned briey in the text Q = p/(2q ) (a) Determine the inverse transformation. (b) Find the new Hamiltonian H(Q, P ) by applying the transformation to the following Hamiltonian 1 1 H = p2 + q 2 . 2 2 (c) Write down Hamiltons equations for both the original and the transformed system. (d) Solve whichever system of Hamiltons equations look nicer to you. (e) Transform your solution into the other set of variables and conrm that it satises the other system of Hamiltons equations. Solution (a) The inverse transformation is obtained by rst noting that q = 2 P Q. H(Q, P ) = P and then p = 2qQ = P = q 2

(b) Substituting the above into the Hamiltonian gives

1 1 1 4(P )Q2 + (P ) = P (1 + 4Q2 ). 2 2 2

(c) The original Hamiltons equations of motion are q = and p = H =p p H = q. q

The new Hamiltons equations of motion are = H = 1 (1 + 4Q2 ). Q P 2 and = H = 4P Q. P q

(d) The original equations look nicer and are coupled linear ODEs, so we know that the solutions are trig functions with frequency = 1 and m = 1 and can be written in the form p0 sin(t) m p(t) = mq0 sin(t) + p0 cos(t) q (t) = q0 cos(t) + (e) The last part is just long algebra to conrm that Q(t) = p/(2q ) = P (t) = q 2 satises 1 mq0 sin(t) + p0 cos(t) p0 2 q0 cos(t) + m sin(t) p0 = [q0 cos(t) + sin(t)]2 m = 4P Q. P

= 1 (1 + 4Q2 ) Q 2 96

4. Show that the time-independent transformation P = p + q 2 + pq 2 , Q = tan1 q

is canonical by obtaining a suitable generating function of type F3 (p, Q). Solution The inverse transformation is q = tan Q P q2 P tan2 Q p = = P cos2 Q sin2 Q = 1 + q2 sec2 Q Making P and q the subjects and moving q and P to RHS gives q = tan Q P We want q = tan Q = P F3 p F3 Q = p(1 + q 2 ) + q 2 = p sec2 Q + tan2 Q

= p sec2 Q + tan2 Q =

Thus F3 = p tan Q tan Q + Q can be obtained by integrating both expressions and forcing consistency. 5. Find the conditions that need to be satised by the real constants , , and so that the time-independent transformation Q = pq , is canonical. Solution Rearrange the transformation rst to produce a mixture of old and new variables on each side. Thus p = 1 Qq , P = q Then we get the conditions F1 = 1 Qq , q F1 P = = q Q To prove it is canonical form the mixed second derivatives and compare p= 2 F1 = 1 q , Qq 2 F1 = q 1 qQ thus one immediately sees that = 1 and = 1 as above. If one actually wants to nd F1 then integrate either condition to give F1 = q Q. Thus the transformations form a two-parameter family of transformations. [They are NOT necessarily what is called a Lie group, for those who know and are interested. Not all families of transformations, are groups of transformations.] 97 P = q

6. Find a canonical transformation that transforms the Hamiltonian H= 1 1 2 4 (p q + 2 ) 2 q

to that of the one dimensional simple harmonic oscillator, and hence solve the dynamical problem for the original Hamiltonian. Verify that your solution satises Hamiltons equations for the original Hamiltonian. Solution The idea is to use one of the canonical transformations from the previous question. Noticing that P only depends on q , but Q depends on both p and q , we try to make the rst term in H look like Q2 and the second term look like P 2 . Thus, choose = 1. This forces = 2 and = 1/. Substituting yields 1 Q2 H(P, Q) = ( 2 + 2 P 2 ) 2 You can choose anyway you like, the Hamiltonian will still represent some simple harmonic oscillator. = 1 makes the arithmetic nicer. Hamiltons eqns become with the obvious solutions Q(t) = Q0 cos(t) + P0 sin(t), P (t) = P0 cos(t) Q0 sin(t). Thus, the original problem has solutions q (t) = p(t) = 7. Electromagnetism Starting from the Lagrangian for the electromagnetic interaction 1 r eV (r, t) + er A(r, t). L = mr 2 determine the corresponding Hamiltonian. You may work in cartesian co-ordinates if you prefer, but try to re-express your nal answer in vector notation. Solution The fastest method is to simply realise that the quadratic term has a symmetric matrix which has m along the diagonal: the inverse will just have 1/m. The term linear in the velocities has eA as the prefactor. Thus the conjugate momentum is p = mv + eA. Thus, using the short-cut given in the notes the Hamiltonian is H= 1 [p eA] [p eA] + eV (r, t). 2m 1 , P0 cos(t) Q0 sin(t) = P, Q = Q P

Q0 cos(t) + P0 sin(t) . [P0 cos(t) Q0 sin(t)]2

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