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Roman Architecture Lec 2

The document provides an overview of Roman architecture from the 2nd century BC to the 4th century AD. It summarizes key Roman structures including forums, temples, baths, and basilicas. Some of the most prominent structures discussed are the Forum Romanum, Temple of Venus and Rome, Pantheon, Thermae of Caracalla, and Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine. Common architectural elements of Roman buildings like podiums, cellas, and peristyles are also referenced.

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419 views

Roman Architecture Lec 2

The document provides an overview of Roman architecture from the 2nd century BC to the 4th century AD. It summarizes key Roman structures including forums, temples, baths, and basilicas. Some of the most prominent structures discussed are the Forum Romanum, Temple of Venus and Rome, Pantheon, Thermae of Caracalla, and Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine. Common architectural elements of Roman buildings like podiums, cellas, and peristyles are also referenced.

Uploaded by

ginkokuen
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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2ND Century B.C. to 4th Century A.D. 300 B.C. A.D.

365 Part 1

An open space used as a meeting place, market or rendezvous for political demonstrations.

Forum Romanum, Rome


oldest & most important; used as a Hippodrome
Forum Romanum is a rectangular forum (plaza) surrounded by the ruins of several important ancient government buildings at the center of the city of Rome. Citizens of the ancient city referred to this space, originally a marketplace, as the Forum Magnum, or simply the Forum.

Forum Romanum, Rome

Forum Trajan, Rome AD 98-113D


largest Forum

Trajans Forum was the last of the Imperial fora to be constructed in ancient Rome. The architect Apollodorus of Damascus oversaw its construction.

Forum Trajan, Rome

Used Pseudo-Peripteral style, raised in a podium, oriented towards the South.

Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, Rome


the principal example of an Etruscan Temple; cella had three chambers, for the statues of Jupiter, Minerva & Juno, and was nearly square in plan. 509 BC

Maison Carree, Nimes AD 130


The best preserved Roman Temple in existence; raised on a 12 ft. high podium, w steps only at the entrance faade, and is pseudoperipteral prostyle hexastyle.

Temple of Venus & Rome, Rome AD 123-35


The largest known temple in Rome. Surrounded by nearly 200 Egyptian granite & porphyry colonnade wc formed its magnificent frame; plan is pseudo-dipteral decastyle w two cellas & pronaos at each front. Roof was covered w gold-plated bronze tiles.

Derived from the temples of the Greek & the Etruscans wc became the prototype of the Christian Baptistry.

Temple of Vesta, Rome


The most sacred shrine & source of Roman life & power. All temples to Vesta were round, and had entrances facing east to symbolize connection between Vestas fire and the sun as sources of life.

Dedicated to the god Portunus. A pseudoperipteral tetrastyle, raised on high podium reached by a flight of steps, which it retains. It has a pronaos, portico of four Ionic columns across and two columns deep. The columns of the portico are freestanding, while the five columns on the long sides and the four columns at the rear are engaged along the walls of the cella.

Temple of Portunus, Rome 1st Century BC

Temple of Venus, Baalbek 3rd Century BC


It has a highly original design: built on a horseshoe-shaped platform, it consists of a circular shrine with a square entrance. The outer faade of the shrine is graced by five niches, which means that there is not a single square wall. In the niches are representations of doves and shells.

The Pantheon 126 AD A temple to all the gods of ancient Rome. The building is circular with a portico of large

granite Corinthian columns under a pediment. A rectangular vestibule links the porch to the rotunda, which is under a coffered concrete dome, with a central opening (oculus) to the sky. Almost two thousand years after it was built, the Pantheon's dome is still the world's largest unreinforced concrete dome. It is one of the best-preserved of all Roman buildings. It has been in continuous use throughout its history, and since the 7th century.

Hall of Justice or Assembly Hall

Basilica Ulpia, Trajan


An ancient Roman civic building located in the Forum of Trajan. The Basilica Ulpia separates the temple from the main courtyard in the Forum of Trajan with the Trajan's Column to the northwest. It was dedicated to the administration of justice, commerce and the presence of the emperor. It was the largest in Rome measuring 117 by 55 meters (385 x 182 ft).

Trajan Forum
Basilica Ulpia

Also known as the Basilica Nova - meaning "new basilica. The largest building in the Roman Forum. The building consisted of a central nave covered by three groin vaults suspended 39 meters above the floor on four large piers, ending in an apse at the western end containing a colossal statue of Constantine.

Basilica of Maxentius & Constantine, Rome

Large imperial bath complexes, which were centres for bathing and socializing. Roman bath-houses were also provided for private villas, town houses, and forts. They were supplied with water from an adjacent river or stream, or more normally, by an aqueduct. The water could be heated by a log fire before being chanelled into the hot bathing rooms.

Main Parts of a Thermae


Main Bldg. or Central Structure w/ Chief Apartments
Tepidarium warm room Caldarium hot room or w/ hot water bath Frigidarium cooling room Sudarium dry sweating room Apodyterium dressing room Palaestra for physical exercise Unctuaria or Untoria place for oils & perfumes Sphaensterium game room

Xystus of Private Park w. avenues of trees


a large open space with trees, statues & fountains, part of it was usually a stadium for foot-racing & where athletic sports took place

An Outer Ring of Apartments


Lecture Room Pavillion Collonade Large Reservoir Shops

Some Parts of a Thermae

Caldarium

Frigidarium

Apodyterium

Xystus

Thermae of Agrippa, Rome


In 33 BC, Agrippa, Augustuss right arm, wanted to mark his magistrature by building public baths and inacted that the entry would be free. This principle became from then on the rule for all other imperial baths that would be opened in the future.

Thermae of Caracalla, Rome


They were, at the time of their construction, the biggest ever known until then. A sober external aspect, but a richly decorated interior. The whole was surely quivering with the animation of crowded bathers, sportsmen or intellectuals that had them rather than the libraries.

Thermae of Diocletian, Rome


The biggest and the most beautiful of Rome. They could host up to 3000 people at a time. They included libraries , concert halls, gardens with fountains and running track, paintings and sculptures exhibition halls, and several gymnasiums. The outside pool was huge. This uncovered swimming pool was also called Natatio.

Small bathhouses, called balneum (plural balnea), might be privately owned, but they were public in the sense that they were open to the populace for a fee.

Balneum
Parts of a Balneum: Tepidarium warm room Celidarium hot room or w/ hot water bath Frigidarium cooling room

End of Lecture

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