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Lecture - Truss (Compatibility Mode)

- A truss consists of slender straight members connected at joints to form triangles. Joints are assumed to be pinned connections. - Members in tension pull the joints apart while members in compression push the joints together. - Trusses are made of multiple trusses joined to form a framework that can carry loads in its plane in a two-dimensional manner. - Simple trusses add two members and one joint each time to form triangles. The number of members m equals 2n-3, where n is the number of joints.

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106 views

Lecture - Truss (Compatibility Mode)

- A truss consists of slender straight members connected at joints to form triangles. Joints are assumed to be pinned connections. - Members in tension pull the joints apart while members in compression push the joints together. - Trusses are made of multiple trusses joined to form a framework that can carry loads in its plane in a two-dimensional manner. - Simple trusses add two members and one joint each time to form triangles. The number of members m equals 2n-3, where n is the number of joints.

Uploaded by

Balvinder
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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9/18/2013

Engineering Mechanics- Truss

Truss

Engineering Mechanics- Truss

Important Features of a Truss


A truss consists of long and slender straight members connected at joints. No member is continuous through a joint. Formation of a truss is nothing more than assemblage of triangles! Bolted or welded connections (joints) are assumed to be pinned together. Forces acting at the member ends reduce to a single force and no couple. Only two-force members are considered.

When forces tend to pull the member apart, it is in tension. When the forces tend to compress the member, it is in compression.

9/18/2013

Engineering Mechanics- Truss

External Loads on a Truss


Members of a truss are slender and not capable of supporting large lateral loads. Loads must be applied at the joints. Members are light in weight and economical.

Most structures are made of several trusses joined together to form a space framework. Each truss carries those loads which act in its plane and may be treated as a two-dimensional structure.

Engineering Mechanics- Truss

Various Types of Truss

9/18/2013

Engineering Mechanics- Truss

Simple Truss
basic truss A simple truss is constructed by successively adding two members and one connection to the basic triangular truss. In a simple truss, m = 2n - 3 where m is the total number of members and n is the number of joints. A simple truss is not necessarily made only of triangles. Although triangles are always maintained in practice A simple truss is always internally rigid. Will not deform and collapse under the action of load

Engineering Mechanics- Truss

Analysis of Trusses by the Method of Joints


Dismember the truss and create a freebody diagram for each member and pin. The two forces exerted on each member are equal, have the same line of action, and opposite sense. Forces exerted by a member on the pins or joints at its ends are directed along the member and equal and opposite. For simple Truss: m = 2n 3 Total unknowns member forces = m = 5 reactions = r = 3 Total no. of equilibrium equations 2n = 8 (2 force equilibrium euations per joint)

m+r=2n
The truss is said to be statically determinate and completely constrained.

9/18/2013

Engineering Mechanics- Truss

Analysis of Trusses by the Method of Joints

Engineers Mechanics- Truss

Joints Under Special Loading Conditions


Forces in opposite members intersecting in two straight lines at a joint are equal. The forces in two opposite members are equal when a load is aligned with a third member. The third member force is equal to the load (including zero load). The forces in two members connected at a joint are equal if the members are aligned and zero otherwise. Recognition of joints under special loading conditions simplifies a truss analysis.

9/18/2013

Engineers Mechanics- Truss

Problem -1
For the given loading , determine the zero force member in the truss shown

Engineers Mechanics- Truss

Problem 2
Using method of joints, determine the forces in the members of the truss shown below

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Engineers Mechanics- Truss

Problem 2

FAB=0=FBC FAD= -5 (C)

FEB=12 (T) FED= FEF

FBD= FBF 2 FBD (1.6/3.4) + 20 + FBE = 0 FBD = FBF = -34 (C) FDE + FDB (3/3.4) = 0 FDE = 30 (T) = FEF Check -FAD - FBD (1.6/3.4) =21 (reaction)

Engineers Mechanics- Truss

Problem 3
SOLUTION: Based on a free-body diagram of the entire truss, solve the 3 equilibrium equations for the reactions at E and C. Joint A is subjected to only two unknown member forces. Determine these from the joint equilibrium requirements. In succession, determine unknown member forces at joints D, B, and E from joint equilibrium requirements. All member forces and support reactions are known at joint C. However, the joint equilibrium requirements may be applied to check the results.

Using the method of joints, determine the force in each member of the truss.

9/18/2013

Engineers Mechanics- Truss

Problem 3
SOLUTION: Based on a free-body diagram of the entire truss, solve the 3 equilibrium equations for the reactions at E and C.
MC 0

2000 N 24 m 1000 N 12 m E 6 m
E 10,000 N

Fx 0 C x

Cx 0

Fy 0 2000 N - 1000 N 10,000 N C y

C y 7000 N

Engineers Mechanics- Truss

Problem -3

Joint A is subjected to only two unknown member forces. Determine these from the joint equilibrium requirements.
2000 N FAB FAD 4 3 5

FAB 1500 N T FAD 2500 N C

There are now only two unknown member forces at joint D.


FDB FDA FDE 2

FDA
3 5

FDB 2500 N T FDE 3000 N C

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Engineers Mechanics- Truss

Problem -3
There are now only two unknown member forces at joint B. Assume both are in tension. 2500 4 F Fy 0 1000 4 5 5 BE FBE 3750 N C F 3750 N
BE 3 2500 3 3750 Fx 0 FBC 1500 5 5

FBC 5250 N

FBC 5250 N T

There is one unknown member force at joint E. Assume the member is in tension.
F 3000 3 3750 Fx 0 3 5 EC 5 FEC 8750 N
FEC 8750 N C

Engineers Mechanics- Truss

Problem -3
All member forces and support reactions are known at joint C. However, the joint equilibrium requirements may be applied to check the results.

8750 0 checks Fx 5250 3 5 8750 0 checks F y 7000 4 5

9/18/2013

Engineering Mechanics- Truss

Analysis of Trusses by the Method of Sections


When the force in only one member or the forces in a very few members are desired, the method of sections works well. To determine the force in member BD, pass a section through the truss as shown and create a free body diagram for the left side. With only three members cut by the section, the equations for static equilibrium may be applied to determine the unknown member forces, including FBD.

Engineers Mechanics- Truss

Problem 4
A Fink roof truss is loaded as shown. Use method of section to determine the force in members CD, CE and BD

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Engineers Mechanics- Truss

Problem 4

Engineers Mechanics- Truss

Problem 5
Use method of section to determine the force in members GJ and IK of the truss shown
100kN

100kN

100kN

Inverted K truss

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9/18/2013

Engineers Mechanics- Truss

Problem-5
Solution
100kN

JX = -300 KY = -JY = 100*(2.7 + 5.4 +8.1)/7.5 = 1620/7.5 = 216 Section XX, lower FBD, MG = 0
-FKI [ 5.9( ] + JY(0.8) JX(2.7) KY(6.7) = 0

100kN

100kN

FKI = -143.19 kN (C )

MI = 0 FJG[ 5.9 ( FJG = 143.19 kN (T ) ] + JY(6.7) JX(2.7) KY(0.8) = 0

Engineers Mechanics- Truss

Compound Truss
Compound trusses are composed of two or more simple trusses . The trusses shown are statically determinant, rigid, and completely constrained,

m r 2n

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9/18/2013

Engineers Mechanics- Truss

Compound Truss

Engineers Mechanics- Truss

Problem 6
Determine the forces in bars 1. 2. and 3 of the plane truss supported and loaded as shown in the figure SOLUTION: Two simple trusses ADE & BCF 3 Detach to expose 6 unknowns Draw free body diagrams to find forces in 1, 2 &3 E F

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9/18/2013

Engineers Mechanics- Truss

Problem 6

Engineering Mechanics- Truss


Partially, Improperly and Properly Constrained Truss

For a truss to be properly constrained:


It should be able to stay in equilibrium for any combination of loading. Equilibrium implies both global equilibrium and internal equilibrium.

Note that if m + r < 2n, the truss is most definitely partially constrained (and is unstable to certain loadings). But m + r 2n, is no guarantee that the truss is stable, and may be termed improperly constrained. If m + r < 2n, the truss can never be statically determinate.

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9/18/2013

Engineering Mechanics- Truss


Partially, Improperly and Properly Constrained Truss Simple Truss (internally rigid)

Inadequacy of external constraints

unstable

Fewer unknowns than Equal number unknowns and equations but equations, partially improperly constrained constrained

Engineering Mechanics- Truss


Partially, Improperly and Properly Constrained Truss
Check if partially constrained, fully constrained or improperly constrained

A Simple Truss is always a rigid truss m + r = 2n m=9, r = 3, n=6

Statically determinate, properly constrained P m + r < 2n m=8, r = 3, n=6

Partially constrained (non rigid, may collapse) P m + r = 2n m=9, r = 3, n=6

improperly constrained (non rigid, may collapse)

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9/18/2013

Engineers Mechanics- Truss


Problem 7 : Partially, Improperly and Properly Constrained Truss 2n = 20, m = 16, r = 4. ` The circled part is a simple truss that is adequately supported with 3 reactions. So it is completely constrained We only have to worry about the remaining portion. We can easily show that no matter whatever loading is applied at the joints of the remaining part can be supported. Completely constrained & Statically determinate

Engineering Mechanics- Truss


Problem 7 : Partially, Improperly and Properly Constrained Truss

a) j = 7, m = 10, r = 3, 2j > m + r. Partially Constrained

B C

b) j = 8, r = 3, m = 13, 2j = m + r. Clearly the truss cannot be equilibrium with this loading. Take equilibrium of joint C. BC is tensile Take a section as shown and moment about left hinge is not balanced Improperly Constrained.

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