TUGAS 3 FISDAS 1 KAMPUS PALEMBANG NAMA : DADI ISWANTO (03101404065) IIS SETYONINGSIH (03101404032) NOPRAN KURNIAWAN (03101404007)

10.82 Following Thanksgiving dinner your uncle falls into a deep sleep, sitting straight up facing the television set. A naughty grandchild balances a small spherical grape at the top of his bald head, which itself has the shape of a sphere. After all the children have had time to giggle, the grape starts from rest and rolls down without slipping. It will , leave contact with your uncles scalp when the radial line joining it to the center of curvature makes what angle with the vertical? Jawab : anggur
R

kepala cucu

kepala paman

Penyimpanan dari energi antara puncak dan titik dimana anggur bergerak sebesar :

( ( )

)( )

Pada titik dimana anggur bergerak , n=0

10.83 (a) A thin rod of length h and mass M is held vertically with its lower end resting on a frictionless horizontal surface. The rod is then released to fall freely. Determine the speed of its center of mass just before it hits the horizontal surface. (b) What If? Now suppose the rod has a fixed pivot at its lower end. Determine the speed of the rods center of mass just before it hits the surface. Jawab : (a) Tidak ada aksi gaya horizontal pada balok, menyebabkan poros dari massa tidak akan bergerak horizontal, poros dari massa menurun dengan balok berotasi kira-kira poros dari massa terjatuh, dari perkiraan energi : ( ) ( )( ) ( )

(b) Di dalam kotak, gerakan rotasi murni mengenai titik poros tetap dengan poros sebuah massa bergerak di bagian sirkuler dari radius h/2. Dari perkiraan energi : ( ) ( )( ) ( )

10.84 A large, cylindrical roll of tissue paper of initial radius R lies on a long, horizontal surface with the outside end of the paper nailed to the surface. The roll is given a slight shove (vi ! 0) and commences to unroll. Assume the roll has a uniform density and that mechanical energy is conserved in the process. (a) Determine the speed of the center of mass of the roll when its radius has diminished to r. (b) Calculate a numerical value for this speed at r = 1.00 mm, assuming R = 6.00 m. (c) What If? What happens to the energy of the system when the paper is completely unrolled? Jawab : (a) Massa dari rol berkurang seperti tidak ada rol, dari rol, sejak , dimana M adalah massa inisial

(b) nilai numerical dari kecepata pada r=1,00mm,asumsikan bahwa R=6,00m, Jadi

(c) kita asumsikan bahwa , ketika rol berhenti , maka aka mendapatkan benturan kaku dengan permukaan. Energinya menjadi energi dalam.

11.53. Global warming is a cause for concern because even small changes in the Earths temperature can have significant consequences. For example, if the Earths polar ice caps were to melt entirely, the resulting additional water in the oceans would flood many coastal cities. Would it appreciably change the length of a day? Calculate the resulting change in the duration of one day. Model the polar ice as having mass kg and forming two flat disks of radius m. Assume the water spreads into an unbroken thin spherical shell after it melts. Jawab :

Kutub es utara

Kutub es selatan

Bumi mempunyai kutub es utara dan selatan, jika terjadi pemanasan global maka es di kutub itu akan mencair yang menyebabkan air di kota-kota pesisir akan menerima banyak tambahan air, dan lama kelamaan akan menyelubungi bumi

The moment of inertia of the rest of the earth is

For the original ice disks

For the final thin shell of water

Conservation of angular momentum for the spinning planet is expressed by

)(

11.54. A solid cube of wood of side 2a and mass M is resting on a horizontal surface. The cube is constrained to rotate about an axis AB (Fig. P11.54). A bullet of mass m and speed v is shot at the face opposite ABCD at a height of 4a/3. The bullet becomes embedded in the cube. Find the minimum value of v required to tip the cube so that it falls on face ABCD. Assume m M.

Jawab : Untuk kubus bagian ujung atas, pusat massa (CM) harus naik rotasi sumbu AB selesai. Untuk ini, CM harus dinaikkan jarak dari ( 2-1) ( ) Dari kekekalan momentum sudut di dapa ( )

) ( )

12.64 A steel cable 3.00 cm2 in cross-sectional area has a mass of 2.40 kg per meter of length. If 500 m of the cable is hung over a vertical cliff, how much does the cable stretch under its own weight? Ysteel = 2.00 x 1011 N/m2.

M kabel = 2.40 kg

A kabel = 3.00 cm2 L kabel = 500 m

tebing

Peregangan kabel yang menggantung pada tebing sebanding dengan perubahan panjangnya , sehingga dapat kita rumuskan :

Dengan Y = total gaya di setiap penampangnya, maka dapat kita hitung : ( )

12.65 (a) Estimate the force with which a karate master strikes a board if the hands speed at time of impact is 10.0 m/s, decreasing to 1.00 m/s during a 0.002 00-s time-of-contact with the board. The mass of his hand and arm is 1.00 kg. (b) Estimate the shear stress if this force is exerted on a 1.00-cm-thick pine board that is 10.0 cm wide. (c) If the maximum shear stress a pine board can support before breaking is , will the board break? Jawab : a. F = ma a= maka gaya yang diberikan oleh karate master sebesar : ( )

b. Tekanan yang diberikan karate master ke papan sebesar

c. Jika kemampuan tekanan papan sebesar hancur oleh pukulan karate master

, maka papan akan

13.60 Many people assume that air resistance acting on a moving object will always make the object slow down. It can actually be responsible for making the object speed up. Consider a 100-kg Earth satellite in a circular orbit at an altitude of 200 km. A small force of air resistance makes the satellite drop into a circular orbit with an altitude of 100 km. (a) Calculate its initial speed. (b) Calculate its final speed in this process. (c) Calculate the initial energy of the satelliteEarth system. (d) Calculate the final energy of the system. (e) Show that the system has lost mechanical energy and find the amount of the loss due to friction. (f) What force makes the satellites speed increase? You will find a free-body diagram useful in explaining your answer. Jawab : Total gaya yang bekerja pada satelit sebesar

Maka didapat kecepatan putar satelit pada jarak tertentu dari bumi sebesar a. b.

c. Total energi mekanik satelit adalah : ( ) ( )

d. Energi awal satelit pada

e.

f. Total energi saat terjadi perpindahan dari orbit 200km ke 100km dari altitude sebesar

13.61 Two hypothetical planets of masses m1 and m2 and radii r1 and r2 , respectively, are nearly at rest when they are an infinite distance apart. Because of their gravitational attraction, they head toward each other on a collision course. (a) When their center-to-center separation is d, find expressions for the speed of each planet and for their relative speed. (b) Find the kinetic energy of each planet just before they collide, if (Note: Both energy and momentum of the system are conserved.) Jawab: Pada pemisahan yang tak terbatas dan kedua planet konservatif,maka Momentum awal sistem adalah 0 dan momentum tersebut kekal, oleh karena itu penggabungan persamaan 1 dan 2 kecepatan relatif

. Karena energi

b. subtitusi memberikan nilai numerik ke dalam persamaan untuk mencari v1 dan v2 pada bagian (a) untuk menemukan Oleh karena itu, 14.62. In about 1657 Otto von Guericke, inventor of the air pump, evacuated a sphere made of two brass hemispheres. Two teams of eight horses each could pull the hemispheres apart only on some trials, and then with greatest difficulty, with the resulting sound likened to a cannon firing (Fig. P14.62). (a) Show that the force F required to pull the evacuated hemispheres apart is , where R is the radius of the hemispheres and P is the pressure inside the hemispheres, which is much less than P0. (b) Determine the force if and .

Penyelesaian :

(a) Tekanan pada permukaan dua setengah bola sama pada seluruh dan gaya pada setiap elemen luas permukaan diarahkan sepanjang radius gaya yang diterapkan setengah bola. Sepanjang sumbu harus menyeimbangkan gaya pada "efektif "daerah, yang merupakan proyeksi dari permukaan sebenarnya ke pesawat tegak lurus terhadap sumbu x. Oleh karena itu

(b) Untuk membrikan nilai

15.60. A particle with a mass of 0.500 kg is attached to a spring with a force constant of 50.0 N/m. At time the particle has its maximum speed of 20.0 m/s and is moving to the left. (a) Determine the particles equation of motion, specifying its position as a function of time. (b) Where in the motion is the potential energy three times the kinetic energy? (c) Find the length of a simple pendulum with the same period. (d) Find the minimum time interval required for the particle to move from m. Penyelesaian : (a)

dan [ (b) ( Sehingga menjadi ) ]

15.61 A horizontal plank of mass m and length L is pivoted at one end. The planks other end is supported by a spring of force constant k (Fig P15.61). The moment of inertia of the plank about the pivot is mL2. The plank is displaced by a small angle . from its horizontal equilibrium position and released. (a) Show that it moves with simple harmonic motion with an angular frequency . (b) Evaluate the frequency if the mass is 5.00 kg and the spring has a force constant of 100 N/m. a. Pada titik keseimbangan, kita mendapatkan ( ) Dimana, x0 komposisi titik keseimbangan Setelah pergeseran sudut sedikit, ( ) ( )

Percepatan anguler berlawanan arah pada pergeserannya, jadi kita mendapatkan gerak harmonik sederhana b. Dengan menggunakan rumus diatas kita dapat mencari rumus menghitung frekuensi getar pegas: