Components of Modern User Interfaces

Emmanuel T. Nana Product Applications Engineer

November 27, 2012

Agenda

Introduction LCD Drivers

Capacitive Sensor Solutions

LED Controllers Summary

Introduction

The User Interface

Output:
LED indicators LCD displays (video) Low power audio Haptic devices (vibrate) Keyboard/Mouse Audio (Voice) Video camera Mechanical Switches Touch switches (IR, Resistance, Capacitance, Acoustic Active/Passive)

Input:

LCD Drivers

LCD Drivers Value Proposition

Where used?
e-Metering Automotive White Goods Consumer Electronics Medical Equipment Test & Measurement POS Terminals Telecom Equipment

Segment Drivers Key Features

Low power & driving up to 640 segments Standalone no need for external components I2C and SPI interfaces available AEC-Q100 options Cascadable
Combines low power segment display with sophisticated 2-line character display Integrated generation of VLCD with temperature compensation Very low power consumption (20 to 200mA) Display shift or static display modes

Character Drivers Key Features

Graphic Drivers Key Features

On-chip generation of LCD bias voltages Low number of external components Low power consumption

LCD Drivers: Key Products

Segment Drivers Character Drivers Graphic (Dot Matrix) Drivers

PCF8566 A PCF 85162 A PCF 85176 PCF85134 PCA F 85133 PCA F 85132 A PCF 8536 A PCF 8537 PCA9620 PCA8538 PCA8539

4 x 24 Segments 4 x 32 Segments 4 x 40 Segments 4 x 60 Segments 4 x 80 Segments 4 x 160 Segments 8 x 40 Segs + 6PWM 8 x 44 Segments 8 x 60 Segments 9 x 102 Segments [1] 18 x 100 Segments [2]

PCF2113

2-Line x 12-Character Plus 120 icons

PCF8531

34 x 128 Small 4-x-20 Text Characters Full Graphics

PCF2116

4-Line x 12-Character or 2-Line x 24-Character

PCF8811

80 x 128 Large Universal Display

PCF2119

2-Line x 16-Character Plus160 icons

PCF8578

8 x 32 (stand-alone) Up to 40,960 dots when combined with 32 PCF8579

PCF2117

2-Line x 20-Character [2] Plus 200 icons

For Details, see the LCD Drivers Selection Guide [1] Sampling [2] In Development
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PCA9620: 60 x 8 LCD Driver with I2C-Bus Interface

Key features and benefits
480 Segment Drive in Mux 1:8 Mode I2C Interface Integrated charge pump Integrated temperature sensor On-chip VLCD generation Temperature compensated VLCD voltage Programmable and calibrated frame frequency Extended frame frequency from 60Hz up to 300Hz; in 10-Hz steps Extended temperature range up to +105C AEC-Q100 automotive compliant qualification for highest robustness and reliability Dash boards Climate control Car radio Wide digital and analog power supply ranges from 2.5V to 5.5V Extended VLCD range from 2.5V to 9.0V Wide frame frequency range 60Hz to 300Hz Wide operating temp range -40 to +105C 12 x 12 x 1.4 mm LQFP80 package

Potential applications

Black Nematic: VLCD=7.0V, fF=200Hz Twisted Nematic: VLCD=7.0V, fF=100Hz

Product characteristics

Business Line Interface Products - Product Line CWG

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F PCA 8536: 320-Segment Driver

Key Features:
I2C-bus (PCx8536AT) or SPI-bus (PCx8536BT) interface Mux # Display Segments Interfaces directly to the LCD cells; driving signals are internally generated 40-Segment and 8-Backplane outputs for driving up to 320 Segments in a w/o PWM w/ 6x PWM 1:8 multiplex rate 1:4 176 152 Supports mux rates of 1:4, 1:6, and 1:8 1:6 252 216 7-Bit PWM outputs for controlling up to 6 LEDs in conjunction with 1:8 320 272 external transistors Configurable backplane outputs; either pinout in the centre of the segment outputs or at the edge of the device Programmable Line Inversion or Frame Inversion PCx8536 TSSOP56 Programmable and calibrated Frame Frequency in the range of 60Hz to 300Hz in steps of 10Hz (typical) control I2C/SPI Bus Wide digital power supply range from 1.8V to 5.5V logic Wide VLCD range from 2.5V to 6.5V (9.0V) when using an external supply Extended operating temperature range up to +85 C (+95 C) AEC-Q100 automotive compliant qualification for high robustness RAM and reliability Available in TSSOP56 Package

Benefits:
Designed for horizontal or vertical mounting

sequencer

backplane driver

Applications:
Automotive Dashboards Industrial Control White Goods Smart Meters Medical Equipment

bias voltage generator PWM Controller segment driver

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F PCA 8536: 320-Segment Driver

PWM Controller
For LED Backlighting For LED Button Lighting
VCC2 VCC3
Larger current / higher voltage

Easy color mixing

VCC1 PCx8536
PWM 1

C
PWM 2 PWM 3

PWM 6

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F PCA 8537:
Key Features:

352 Segments or dots LCD Driver

I2C-bus (PCx8537AH) or SPI-bus (PCx8537BH) interface Interfaces directly to the LCD cells; driving signals are internally generated 44-Segment and 8-Backplane outputs for driving up to 352 Segments in a 1:8 multiplex rate Supports mux rates of 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, and 1:8 Programmable Line Inversion or Frame Inversion Programmable and calibrated Frame Frequency in the range of 60Hz to 300Hz in steps of 10Hz (typical) Wide digital power supply range from 1.8V to 5.5V I2C Bus Wide analog power supply range from 2.5V to 5.5V Wide VLCD range from 2.5V to 9.0V when using an external supply On-chip charge pump with integrated capacitors Integrated temperature sensor (readout possible) Temperature compensated VLCD voltage Extended operating temperature range up to +85 C (+95 C) AEC-Q100 automotive compliant qualification for high robustness and reliability Available in TQFP64 Package

PCA8537 TQFP64
control logic Temp Sensor backplane driver

RAM

sequencer

Benefits:
Specifically Designed for high-contrast Vertical Alignment (VA) displays

bias voltage generator Charge pump segment driver

Applications:
Automotive Dashboards Industrial Control White Goods Smart Meters Medical Equipment

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PCF2113: Low Power CMOS LCD Controller & Driver

Key Features: Single-chip LCD controller/driver 2-line display of up to 12 characters + 120 icons, or 1-line display of up to 24 characters + 120 icons Icon blink function Very low current consumption (20 A to 200 A): Icon mode: < 25 A (only icon mode active) Power-down mode: < 2 A Integrated charge pump Temperature compensation LCD bias voltage generation on chip A minimum of external components required Logic supply voltage range VDD1 - VSS1 = 1.8V to 5.5V VLCD generator supply voltage range VDD2 - VSS2 = 2.2V to 4V Display supply voltage range VLCD - VSS2 = 2.2V to 6.5V Applications: Telecom Equipment Point-of-Sale Terminals Portable Instruments (Battery Powered)

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LCD Drivers Demo Board (OM6290)

Demonstrates NXPs LCD Driver features Includes three displays
Segment display driven by PCF8576D (4x40 segment driver) Character display driven by PCF2119S (2lines x 16-character driver) Dot matrix display driven by PCF8531 (34x128 dot matrix driver)

Uses the LPC2148 as an I2C-bus master to control the LCD drivers on board. Includes RGB backlights to the segment display. Backlights are driven by PCA9633 (4-Channel LED Controller). Support Documents:
UM10300: User Manual for OM6290 LCD Demo Board
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Capacitive Sensor Solutions

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Capacitive Sensors Value Proposition

Why used?
No contact required (no actual pressing on touch area) Works even when wearing gloves Works in dirty environment (self-calibrating) Works together with any event that generates a predefined change in capacitance Switches in medical environment Switches for use in explosive environment Sanitary applications like in public rest rooms Mobile applications to detect proximity to the head Keypads

Where used?

Why NXP?
Products are very sensitive, highly configurable and consumes low power

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Capacitive Sensor Portfolio

Single Channel Dual Channel Eight Channel

PCF8883 One input one output Does not require a microcontroller

PCA8886 Two inputs, two outputs Does not require a microcontroller May be used for up to 3 sensors AEC-Q100 compliant

PCA8885 and PCF8885 8-Channels Requires a microcontroller May be configured in a triangular topology for up to 28 sensors With two devices, user may enable up to 80 sensors Available as both industrial and automotive versions

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PCF8883: Single-Channel Capacitive Sensor

Touch Sensor PCF8883 Self calibrating touch switch, SO8

Touch/Proximity Switch for User Interface

Replacement of mechanical switches No need for mechanical opening or cleaning surface Hygienic aspect Auto (self) calibrating disregards contamination No wear out of contact Single channel device

Superior Device Specification

Digital processing method Open-drain output (P-type MOSFET, external load between pin and GND) Output configurable as push-button, toggle or switch Low-power battery operation possible (IDD < 5mA) Extended battery-voltage operating range (2.8V < VDD < 9V) Adjustable response time and sensitivity Patented algorithm which offers best performance

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PCF8883: Evaluation Kit (OM11055)

Allows tuning of external components Inclusion of op-amp allows measuring the voltage on CCPC without disturbing the loop Several sensor plate sizes to evaluate Power supply via USB or battery (USB cable included) Support documents:
PCF8883 Capacitive Proximity Switch with Auto-Calibration UM10370: User Manual for the PCF8883 Evaluation Kit OM11055 Datasheets: PCF8883, PCA8886 AN10832:

Reconfigurable TYPE Input to support push-button, toggle and pulse output signals T R T R
Push-Button

Toggle

Pulse

tP

tP
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PCA8886: Dual-Channel Capacitive Sensor

Touch Sensor PCA8886TS/Q900/1 Self calibrating touch switch, TSSOP16

Features
Dynamic proximity switch Adjustable sensitivity Adjustable response time Wide input capacitance range (10pF to 60pF) Automatic calibration Large distance (several meters) between sensing plate and IC is possible Low power consumption (IDD = 6mA) Open-drain output configurable as push-button, toggle, or pulse Extended battery-voltage operating range (2.8V < VDD < 9V) Patented algorithm which offers best performance AEC-Q100 qualified for Automotive Applications

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F PCA8885: 4x4 Channel Proximity Switch

Key Features:
Based on the PCF8883 algorithm I2C-bus interface Adjustable scanning frequency Channel masking feature Fast start-up mode One sub-address enables 2 devices per bus Sleep mode, activated via I2C bus or external input Three sensing modes; one key, two keys and N-keys Two events handling modes; direct and latching modes PCA8885 is AEC-Q100 Qualified
CPC2

Sensor logic
CPC8

CLIN8

OSC

Interrupt

Sense register Supply

I2C-bus interface
Contact plates

LCD Display

VSS VDD

SCL SDA SA0

INT

Benefits:
Address pin enables cascading of two devices and achieving up to 80 keys

Applications: Switchless keypads

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PCF8885: Single Device with up to 28-Sensors

Sensors 1 to 28 are each connected to two channels Sensor 1 is connected to CH1 & CH2 Sensor 2 is connected to CH1 & CH3 Sensor 8 is connected to CH2 & CH3

Device should be used in the 2-key mode After reading the SENS register, from the two bits set, the user can infer which sensor is touched.

Total of 28 Sensors
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F PCA8885: Cascading Application

Device Configuration:
With Device#1, A0=VDD; With Device #2, A0=GND Address pin enables cascading of two devices and connecting 80 sensors as follows:
o 64 sensors in a 8x8 matrix o 8 sensors to Device#1 o 8 sensors to Device#2

User can determine which sensor is triggered

Device#1

o If both /INT are asserted, one of the 64 sensors is triggered o If only one devices /INT is asserted, then one of the 8 sensors connected only to the device is triggered.

Device#2

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PCF8885 / PCA8886: Evaluation Kit (OM11057)

Demonstrates the use of a single PCF8885 device in a multiplexed mode to achieve up to 28 sensors (19 sensors used on the board) Implements four touch buttons, a wheel and a slider Operates the PCF8885 in the 2-key mode and use the 2 out-of 8 code to enable 19 different sensor locations (7 for the slider, 8 for the wheel and 4 buttons) Enables touch sensitivity through a 3-mm acrylic overlay plate Uses the PCA8886 device in a proximity sensor mode to wake up board only when in use and demonstrates power saving features Feedback with a piezoelectric sound buzzer Feedback with RGB LEDs Support documents:
UM10505: AN11122: OM11057 Quick Start Guide Water and Condensation Safe Touch Sensing with the NXP Capacitive Touch Sensor AN11155: General Design Guidelines for the NXP Capacitive Sensors AN11157: Capacitive Touch Sensing with High EMC Performance Datasheets: PCF8885, PCA8886, PCF8536
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PCF8885 Touch Panel Demonstrator

Key Features:
7-Inches Capacitive Touch Panel from Dytos glued on top of a standard TFT display Two PCF8885 devices connected to a touch foil to detect 64 sensor areas (16 of 64 sensors are used in this demo) LPC1768 and emWIN used to generate Graphics and GUI Prototype available now

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LED Controllers

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Description: 8-channel LED controller (40 V / 100 mA) EAU: 1 M pcs

LED Controllers Value Proposition

Why used? Offloads CPU from blinking operation
Where used? Equipment status indicator and control (Blinkers) Keypad and LCD backlighting (Dimmers) Color mixing and brightness control (Dimmers) Why NXP LED Controller? Large selection of LED Controllers in a wide range of packages Minimized supply voltage ripple with programmable LED outputs phase shifting Thermally enhanced HTSSOP package
Mood Lighting Keyboard Gaming LCD Backlighting

COMPANY C

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Rationale for Backlight

Display appearance may be altered for the following purposes: Match corporate identity Enhance attention with a bright display Switch between positive and negative display modes
Positive Display Mode: Colored or white background with black figures used during daylight Negative Display Mode: Black background with colored or white figures used in dim ambient light conditions

Set backlight color according to the state of alert of the application Split backlight bezel into two or more different colored zones Adjust backlight intensity in accordance with the ambient light to enhance readability.

No backlight

green normal

red alert

at low ambient light

split back light

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Methods of Driving LEDs

Voltage Source + Resistor
R

Current Source
Fixed current

Current-Mode DC/DC Converter

Current-Mode DC/DC Converter
dc source (variable)

Current source
dc source (variable)

+ -

dc source (variable)

+ -

+ -

IF
Pros:

VIN VF R
Pros:

IF constant
Pros:
LED light remains constant with supply voltage fluctuations

IF constant
LED light remains constant with supply voltage fluctuations Ability to step-up or step-down LED supply voltage Good for directly driving LED when source and supply voltages are different.

Heat is dissipated in the resistor Source is independent of heat dissipated Good for driving multiple LEDs in series, with different VF

Cons:
Heat is dissipated at the current source Current source is sensitive to heat dissipation

Cons:
IF chances with VIN

Cons:
More expensive

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LED Controller Portfolio

Voltage-Source LED Controllers
Number of Outputs 2 4 LED Blinkers (25mA / 5V) PCA9550 PCA9553 LED Dimmers (25mA / 5V) PCA9530 PCA9533 PCA9632 [1] PCA9633 Color Mixing LED Controllers (25mA / 5V) Color Mixing LED Controllers (100mA / 40V)

8
16 24

PCA9551
PCA9552

PCA9531
PCA9532

PCA9634
PCA9635 AEC-Q100 PCA9685 [2]

PCA9624
PCA9622 PCA9626

[1] Low power version of PCA9633 [2] The PCA9685 has 12-bit PWM while the PCA9635 has 8-bit PWM

Current-Source LED Controllers

Device PCA9922 PCA9954A [1] PCA9952 # of Outputs 8 8 16 FOSC None 8MHz 8MHz 8MHz 8MHz Output Current 15mA ~ 60mA 5mA ~ 57mA 5mA ~ 57mA 5mA ~ 57mA 5mA ~ 57mA
[1] Device in development 29

Active-Low /OE Yes

Interface 25-MHz Serial Shift Interface Fm+ I2C; 125 Address

Yes

Fm+ I2C; 8 Address Fm+ I2C; 16 Address Fm+ I2C; 125 Address

PCA9955 AEC-Q100 16 PCA9956A [1] 24

PCA962x 100-mA / 40-V LED Controller

Features:
Programmable LED drivers Outputs drive up to100-mA (per output) Open-drain outputs allow voltages up to 40V Individual LED dimming with 8-bit or 256 steps individual PWM Global LED dimming or blinking with 8-bit or 256 steps individual PWM 124 individual addresses with 4 programmable sub calls address groups Fast-mode Plus I2C interface (1MHz)
10KW VDD SCL SDA I2C-Bus OE SCL SDA OE VDD = 2.3V to 5.5V RGBA Color Mixing Up to 40 V LCD Backlight Up to 40 V Keyboard Backlight Up to 40 V

PCA9624 PCA9622 PCA9626

8-Bit 16-Bit 24-Bit

10KW

10KW VDD LED0 LED1 LED2 LED3 LED4 LED5 LED6 PCA9622 LED7 LED8 LED9 LED10 LED11 LED12 LED13 LED14 LED15 VSS

Master

Benefits:
Same software as PCA963X

VSS A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6

Drive up to 100mA @ 40 V, with LEDs in series Applications:

High-voltage lighting environment RGB or RGBA LED driving for color mixing High-current drive LEDs LCD backlight applications Keypad backlight applications LED light bars

High-Brightness LED Control

Up to 40 V 5V

Status Indicator LEDs

I2C-bus address = 0101 010x

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PCA9952 / PCA9955:
40V / 57mA Constant-Current LED Controller
FEATURES
VCC = 3.0 V t o 5.5 V Output
Constant current; Up to 57mA current drive/channel 40V sustaining voltage REXT sets ILED for all channels 6% channel-to-channel matching 8% IC-to-IC matching 0.8V (typ) regulation voltage 256:1 LED current peak adjustment LED short/open detect Simplified Applications Diagram

Digital Interface
I2C (Fm+), 1 MHz (bi-directional) Four H/W address pins with PCA9955 (For PCA9952, A3=/OE) Four software programmable I2C-bus addresses (one LED group call address and three LED sub call addresses)

PWM Generator
256:1 Individual PWM dimming range (31.25kHz) 256:1 Global PWM dimming range (122Hz) 256:1 Global blinking (0.05Hz to 15Hz) Programmable phase shifting (125ns to1.875us)

Over-Temperature Protection (150 C typ) -40 C to +85 C Operating Temperature Compliant to ESD Standards (2kV HBM, 200V MM) AEC-Q100 Automotive Qualification (on-going)
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LED Controllers Demo Boards Support

16 White LED Board (OM13311)
OM Number
OM6275 OM6282 OM6276 OM13269 OM13327 OM13332 OM13333 OM13329 OM13309 OM13330 OM13331 OM13310 OM13311

Description (Device)
I2C2005-1 Demo Board (PCA9531 & PCA9551) 4-Channel Voltage Switch LED Controller Demo Board (PCA9633) 4-Channel Voltage Switch LED Controller Demo Board (PCA9633) 4-Channel Voltage Switch LED Controller Demo Board (PCA9632) 8-Channel Voltage Switch LED Controller Demo Board (PCA9634) 16-Channel Voltage Switch LED Controller Demo Board (PCA9685) 16-Channel Voltage Switch LED Controller Demo Board (PCA9635) 16-Channel Constant Current LED Controller Demo Board (PCA9952) 16-Channel Constant Current LED Controller Demo Board (PCA9955) 16-Channel Constant Current LED Controller Demo Board (PCA9955) 16-Channel Constant Current LED Controller Demo Board (PCU9955) 4-RGB + 4-White LED Board 16-White LED Board

OR 4 RGB + 4 White LED Board (OM13310)

Available on eDemoboard

PCA9955 Board (OM13309)

PCA9633 Board (OM6276)

PC GUI

WinI2C Dongle (or any I2C-bus Master)

PCA9633 Board (OM6282)

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Summary

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Summary
NXP offers a wide portfolio of solutions for User Interfaces.
LCD Drivers for display solutions Capacitive Sensors for detecting user proximity and inputting data LED Controllers for backlighting

The configurability of these devices makes them easy to integrate into existing designs and allows them to be used in several end equipment with user interfaces. The low current consumption feature of these devices enables long battery life.
LCD Drivers consume 20A, typically LED Controllers consume ~100A in standby mode Single-channel Capacitive Sensor (PCF8883) consumes as low as 2.2A @ VDD=3.0V Eight-channel Capacitive Sensor (PCF8885) consumes as low as 100nA in the sleep mode and 10A in the operating mode.

NXP provides several support tools that facilitate the design process.
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