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Mannitol

Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic used to treat acute oliguric renal failure, edema, increased intracranial or intraocular pressure, and toxic overdoses. It works by increasing the osmotic pressure of the glomerular filtrate and causing excretion of water, electrolytes, and toxins. Nurses monitor patients for side effects like confusion, blurred vision, and electrolyte imbalances before, during, and after mannitol administration.

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Jen Recto Palad
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2K views

Mannitol

Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic used to treat acute oliguric renal failure, edema, increased intracranial or intraocular pressure, and toxic overdoses. It works by increasing the osmotic pressure of the glomerular filtrate and causing excretion of water, electrolytes, and toxins. Nurses monitor patients for side effects like confusion, blurred vision, and electrolyte imbalances before, during, and after mannitol administration.

Uploaded by

Jen Recto Palad
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DRUG NAME Generic: Mannitol Brand: Osmitrol, Resectisol

CLASSIFICATION Therapeutic: Diuretics Pharmacologic: Osmotic diuretic

MECHANISM OF ACTION Increases the osmotic pressure of the glomerular filtrate, thereby inhibiting reabsorption of water and electrolytes. Causes excretion of: water, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, urea, uric acid Therapeutic effects: Mobilization of excess fluid in oliguric renal failure or edema. Reduction of intraocular or intracranial pressure. Increased urinary excretion of toxic materials. Decreased hemolysis when used as an irrigant after transurethral prostatic resection

INDICATIONS Adjunct in the treatment of: Acute oliguric renal failure Edema Increased intracranial or intraocular pressure Toxic overdose
CONTRAINDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS CNS: Confusion, headache EENT: Blurred vision, Rhinitis CV: Transient volume expansion, Chest pain, CHF, pulmonary edema, tachycardia GI: Nausea, thirst, vomiting GU: renal failure, urinary retention F&E: Dehydration, hyperkalemia, hypernatremia,hypok alemia, hyponatremia Local: Phlebitis@ IV site

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES Before: Check vital signs and urine output. Assess signs of dehydration and muscle weakness Monitor neurologic status and intracranial pressure

Hypersensitivity Anuria Dehydration Active Intracranial bleeding Use cautiously in: Pregnany & lactaion

During: Administer over 30min Monitor urine output and refer in accordance with parameters set by physician Ensure safety and report signs of electrolyte imbalance

After Check effectiveness of therapy Continuously monitor neurologic status and urine output Reassess signs/symptoms of dehydration Watch out for abnormal responses

DRUG NAME Generic: Mannitol Brand: Osmitrol, Resectisol

CLASSIFICATION Therapeutic: Diuretics Pharmacologic: Osmotic diuretic

MECHANISM OF ACTION Increases the osmotic pressure of the glomerular filtrate, thereby inhibiting reabsorption of water and electrolytes. Causes excretion of: water, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, urea, uric acid Therapeutic effects: Mobilization of excess fluid in oliguric renal failure or edema. Reduction of intraocular or intracranial pressure. Increased urinary excretion of toxic materials. Decreased hemolysis when used as an irrigant after transurethral prostatic resection

INDICATION Adjunct in the treatment of: Acute oliguric renal failure Edema Increased intracranial or intraocular pressure Toxic overdose
CONTRAINDICATION

SIDE EFFECTS CNS: Confusion, headache EENT: Blurred vision, Rhinitis CV: Transient volume expansion, Chest pain, CHF, pulmonary edema, tachycardia GI: Nausea, thirst, vomiting GU: renal failure, urinary retention F&E: Dehydration, hyperkalemia, hypernatremia,hypok alemia, hyponatremia Local: Phlebitis@ IV site

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES Before: Check vital signs and urine output. Assess signs of dehydration and muscle weakness Monitor neurologic status and intracranial pressure

Hypersensitivity Anuria Dehydration Active Intracranial bleeding Use cautiously in: Pregnany & lactaion

During: Administer over 30min Monitor urine output and refer in accordance with parameters set by physician Ensure safety and report signs of electrolyte imbalance

After Check effectiveness of therapy Continuously monitor neurologic status and urine output Reassess signs/symptoms of dehydration Watch out for abnormal responses

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