Determination of M and H using Deflection and Oscillation magnetometer
AIM. To determine the magnetic moment (M) of the given bar magnet, the horizontal component (H) of the earths field at a place and moment of inertia (I) of a bar magnet. APPARATUS. (1) Deflection magnetometer, (2) a bar magnet. (3) Oscillating magnetometer box, (4) stopwatch. THEORY. The experiment consists of two parts. Part I: If is the mean deflection of a magnetometer arrange in Tan-A position with given bar magnet, we can write
or
(1)
If arranged in Tan-B position with a bar magnet, we can write
/
/ .(2)
where M is the magnetic moment of the bar magnet; d = distance of centre of the magnet from the centre of the magnetometer, 2l = the magnetic length of the bar magnet. The magnetic length 2l = L where L is the actual length of the bar magnet. Part II: A rectangular bar object is placed in a stirrup, suspended by a twist less silk fiber and set to oscillations in a horizontal plane in earths horizontal field. The time period of oscillations T is given by 2 or
where I is the moment of inertia of the rectangular bar about a vertical axis through its centre and is given by
where L is length, b is breadth and m is mass of rectangular bar.
Procedure: part-1: a) Tan-A position: Locate the magnetic meridian direction (North-South) by deflection magnetometer compass. Place the wooden scale of magnetometer perpendicular to magnetic meridian direction (Fig.1). Then turn the magnetometer till the aluminum pointer reads 0----0. Place the given bar magnet such that magnetic field direction of bar magnet is perpendicular to that of the magnetic field direction of compass magnet. Let the distance d of the magnet (measured from its centre) from the centre of the magnetometer be x cm due east of magnetometer to get a deflection y degree. Read both ends of the aluminum pointer (1 and 2). Reverse the magnet end to end and place it at same distance. Note the two more readings of the pointer 3 and 4. Transfer the magnet and place it at the same distance due west of the magnetometer. Note the deflection 5 and 6. Reverse the magnet and note deflection 7 and 8. Find the avg. deflection for from the above 8 deflections. Proceeding in similar manner find the avg. deflection for two distances other distances. See that the value of lay between 300 and 600. The magnet position may be suitably altered for this purpose.
Fig.1 b) Tan-B position: Place the wooden scale of magnetometer perpendicular to magnetic meridian direction (Fig.2). Then turn the magnetometer till the aluminum pointer reads 0----0. Place the given bar magnet such that magnetic field direction of bar magnet is perpendicular to that of the magnetic field direction of compass magnet. Note deflection 1 and 2. Reverse the magnet end to end and placing it at the same distance, note the deflection 3 and 4. Shift the magnet to the same distance due south of magnetometer and note down 5, 6, 7 and 8 following the same procedure. Find the average value of . Repeat it with different distances.
Fig.2
Tabulate the result as follows. 1. Actual length of the magnet L = m Magnetic length of a magnet 2l = .. m
Half- the magnetic length l = L = m Table 1 (for M/H in Tan-A position) Distance between centre of magnet and centre of magnetometer d in m Deflections ( Tan-A) Mean (degree) M/H =
Magnet due East
Magnet due West
Mean Value of (M/H)= .
Tabulate the readings for Tan-B position and determine mean of M/H. Finally find the avg. value of M/H from mean of Tan-A and mean of TanB values. Avg. Value of M/H = .
Part-II: Oscillation part: Suspend the above bar magnet horizontally as shown in the fig. (3)
SILK FIBRE STIRRUP
FIG. (3)
The magnet is enclosed in a wooden box with glass sides. The magnet sets itself in north-south direction with north pole pointing north. Place the box along the magnetic meridian by adjusting the swings of the magnet equally on the both sides of the line drawn on a plane mirror strip fixed at the bottom of the box. Allow the magnet to rest. Then by bringing another magnet near the box set the magnet to torsional (angular) oscillations with small amplitude. Determine the time period of oscillation T by finding time taken for 20 oscillations. Tabulate the result as follows. Determine Calculation I by indirect
method.
Calculate
MH
using
equation
H = Amp/m and M = Amp-m2. Table-II
5
Time for 20 oscillations 1 trial, t1
st
nd
trial, t2
rd
trial, t3
Mean time
Time period t/20 (sec)
= MH =
Determination of the product of M and H (MH) As described above determine the time period T with magnet alone suspended in the stirrup. Then, along with the magnet suspend a brass strip of the same dimensions as that of the magnet and again note the time period of oscillations T1. Find the mass, length and breadth of the brass strip. Calculate its moment of inertia I1 using appropriate formula. Then
Therefore,
. or
. .. (3)
By finding moment of inertia using the above indirect method or by modified formula (3) for calculating MH the error due to moment of inertia of the stirrup can be avoided. Precautions: 1. Experimental magnets should be placed at the same horizontal level of the magnetic needle of magnetometer. 2. The deflection of deflection magnetometer should always lie between 300 and 600. 3. Magnets and magnetic materials should be at safe distance from the experimental set up. 4. Parallax should be avoided while taking the deflection.
Reference: Concepts of Physics-part-2 by H.C.Verma, Bharati Bhavan Publishers& Distributors
