OPERATIONS RESEARCH TUTORIAL SHEET NO. 1 Q.

1 Solve Max Z= 5A +8B 3A+2B 3 A+4B 4 A+B 5 A,B 0 (Z= 40) Q.2 In relation to linear programming explain the implications of the following assumption of the model. (i) Linearity of the objective function (ii) Continuous variables (iii) Certainty Q.3 Define the term (i) Basic variable (ii) Basic Solution (iii) Basic feasible solution (iv) Degeneracy Q.4 Write short notes on (i) Inconsistency and redundancy of constraint (ii) Cycling in linear programming problems Q.5 Explain the use of artificial variable in linear programming Q.6 Define a basic solution to a given system of m simultaneous linear equations in n unknowns Q.7 In the course of simplex table calculations, describe how you will detect a degenerate, an unbounded and a non existing feasible solution Q.8 How would you resolve the following complications in LPP (i) Minimization (ii) Equalities in constraints (iii) Tie for the leaving basic variable Q.9 Short notes on (i) Alternative optima in LPP (ii) Generalized LPP Subjected to, Q.10 Solve, Max Z = 3A+2B Sub to, 2A+ B 2 3A +4B 12 A,B 0

(No solution)

OPERATIONS RESEARCH TUTORIAL SHEET NO 2 Q.1 Solve by Big M method Minimize Z = 4A +B Sub to, 3A+B =3 4A + 3B 6 A+2B 4 A,B 0 Q.2 Solve the prob1 by 2-Phase method. Q3. Use 2 phase Simplex Method to : Maximise Z = 5 A + 2B Subject to 2A+B 1 A+ 4B 6 A, B 0

(Ans A= 2/5, BB= 9/5, Z= 17/5)

( Ans . No Feasible Solution )

Q4. What is the function of Minimum ratio rule in Simplex Method. Q5. What is sensitivity analysis and why do we perform it. Q6. Solve the following LP problem. Maximize Z = 3A+2B-5C Subject to A+B 2 2A+B+6C 6 A-B+3C = 0 A,B,C 0 ( ANS. A = 1, B= 2 , C= 0 , Z= 5 ) Q7. Solve the above LP problem if the RHS of primal is changed from( 2,6,0 ) to new optimal solution. (Ans A=2,B=0, C=1, Z=1) Q8. Solve the following LPP using Dual- simplex method : Minimize Z = A+2B + 3 C Subject 2A-B +C 4 A+B+2C 8 A-C 2 A,B,C 0 (ANS. A=3, B=2, Z=7 ) (2,10,5) . Find the

OPERATIONS RESEARCH Q9. Solve the following LP problem Maximize Z= 20 A + 80 B Subject to 4A + 6B 90 8A + 6B 100 A, B 0 ( Ans A= 0, B= 15, Z= 1200 ) Q10. In the above problem if the following new constraint is added to the model, find the solution of the problem. New Constraint is 5A + 4B 80 ( Ans. No Change )
Tutorial Sheet No 3 1. Find the initial basic feasible solution of the following transportation problem by Vogels approximation method. Warehouses W1 W2 W3 W4 CAPACITY F1 10 30 50 10 7 Factory F2 70 F3 Requirement 5 40 30 8 8 7 40 70 60 20 14 34 9 18

2. A company has four salesmen who are to be assigned to four different sales territories. The monthly sales increases estimated for each sales man in different territories (in lac rupees) are shown in the following table Sales territory 1 2 3 4 5 A 75 80 85 70 90 Salesman B C 91 78 71 90 82 85 75 80 85 80

D 65 75 88 85 90 Suggest optimal assignment for the sales man who is to be assigned to four different sales territories. Which sales territories will remain un-assigned? What will be the maximum sales increase every month? 3. In above question, if for certain reasons D cant be assigned to territory 3,will the optimal assignment schedule be different? If so , show the new assignment schedule.

OPERATIONS RESEARCH
4. Find the shortest path from 1 to 12 through the network given (Ans 1-3-6-10-12, Cost 12)

5 2 1 3 7 4 8
1 1

9 6
1 0 1 2

4. In problem 4 find the longest path connecting 1 and 12. (Ans 1-3-8-9-12, Cost 33) 5. Show that the assignment model is a special case of transportation model 6. If the matrix element represents the unit transportation time solve the following transportation problem

To From O1 O2 O3 Requirement D1 10 1 12 12 D2 0 7 14 8 D3 20 9 16 15 D4 11 20 18 10 Available 15 25 5 45 (Ans 12)

7. Use least cost method to find i.b.f.s and then find the maximum transportation cost for the following problem (Ans 180) D1 O1 O2 O3 1 (20) 3 4 3 (20) 2 (20) 9. An enterprise has three factories at locations A, B and C which supplies three shops located at D,E and F. Monthly factory capacities are 10,80 and 15 units respectively. Monthly shop requirements are 75,20 and 50 units respectively. Unit shipping costs (in Rs ) are given below Factory A B C D 5 6 3 Shops E 1 4 2 5 2 (20) 9 2 D2 1 (10) 1 (10) D3 4 D4

F 7 6 5

OPERATIONS RESEARCH
The penalty costs are not satisfying demand at the shops D, E and F are Rs. 5 , Rs 3 and Rs. 2 .respectively. Determine the optimal distribution. (Ans (A,E) =10 units, (B,D) =60 units, (B,E) =10 units, (B,F) =10 units, (C,D) =15 units, Penalty Rs 80) 10. Consider a transportation problem with m=3 and n=4 where C11=2 C12=3 C13=11 C14=7 C21=1 C22=0 C23=6 C24=1 C31=5 C32=8 C33=15 C34=9 Suppose S1 =6 ,S2=1 and S3=10 whereas D1=7 ,D2=5 and D4=2.Apply the transportation simplex method to find out an optimal solution. (Ans minimum cost=100). TUTORIAL SHEET N0. 4 Q1. State the Transportation problem in general terms. Q2. Explain the problem of degeneracy . How does one over come it. Q3. Differentiate between Transportation and Assignment Problems. Q4. How transportation problem is solved when demand and supply are not equal. Q5. Using VAM, solve the following transportation problem for maximum profit: A 12 8 14 180 B 18 7 03 320 C 06 10 11 100 ( ANS 15300 ) Q6. Find the optimal transportation cost for the following : A 03 04 09 290 B 07 05 12 150 C 09 07 05 70 D 10 12 06 90 SUPPLY 120 170 210 D 25 18 20 400 SUPPLY 200 500 300

DEMAND

DEMAND

( ANS Rs. 2430/- ) Q7. A student has to take examination in three courses X, Y , Z. He has three days available for studies. He feels that it would be best to devote the whole day to study the same course so that he may study the course for one day, two days or three days or not at all. His estimate of grades he may get by studying are as follows : Study Days/ courses 0 1 2 3 X 1 2 2 4 Y 2 2 4 5 Z 1 2 4 4

How should he plan to study so that he maximizes the sum of his grades. 5

OPERATIONS RESEARCH ( Ans : Maximum return = 5, X =1, Y= 0, Z=2) Q8. A company has plants A,B,C which have capacities to produce 300 kg, 200 kg, 500 kg respectively of a particular chemical per day. The production cost per kg in these plants are Rs. 70/- , Rs. 60/- and Rs. 66/- respectively. Four bulk consumers orders for the product on the following basis: Kg reqd /day Price offered(Rs/kg) I 400 100 Consumer II 250 100 III 350 102 IV 150 103 Shipping costs (Rs/kg)from plants to consumers are given in the table below I II III From A 3 5 4 B 8 11 9 C 4 6 2 Work out an optimal schedule for the above situation. Under what conditions schedule. (Ans Total profit Rs 30700) Q.9 Consider the following transportation problem Factory Godowns Stock available IV 6 12 8 would you change the

1 2 3 4 5 6 A 7 5 7 7 5 3 60 B 9 11 6 11 5 20 C 11 10 6 2 2 8 90 D 9 10 9 6 9 12 50 DEMAND 60 20 40 20 40 40 It is not possible to transport any quantity from factory B to godown5. Determine (1) Initial solution by VAM (2) Optimal basic solution (3) Is the optimum solution unique?If not , find the alternative optimum solution. (Ans degeneracy,1120Rs, no,min cost 1120/-) Q10. Salesman has to reach city no 10 starting from city no 1 by a motor car. Though its starting and destination points are fixed, he has considerable choice as to which city to travel through en route. The cost Cij (in Rs) for the standard policy on the motor car run from city i to city j is given below 1 1 2 2 4 3 3 2 3 4 5 7 3 4 6 4 2 1 7 6 4 2 5 6 7 8 9 1 4 6 3 3 3 8 9 10 3 4

Find the safest route of traveling so that the total traveling cost is minimum. (Ans min. cost= 11)( 1 4 5 8 10), ( 1 4 6 9 10)

OPERATIONS RESEARCH TUTORIAL SHEET NO- 5 Q.1 What are the steps in decision making analysis? Q.2 Explain various quantitative methods which are useful for decision making under uncertainty. Q3. With the given payoff tables , determine the optimal strategy under (i) Maximin criteria (ii) Minimax criteria (iii) Hurwicz criteria with = 0.6 (iv) Laplace criteria (Ans E.A,) Events E1 E2 E3 A 3 6 1 Strategies B C 4 4 2 1 8 8 D 5 2 3

Q.4 Explain 2 person zero sum game by giving suitable example. Q.5 A manager has a choice between (i) a risky contact promising Rs 7 lakh with probability 0.6 to Rs 4 lakh with prob. 0.4 (ii) Adiversified portfolio consisting of 2 contracts with independent outcomes each promising Rs 3.5 lakh with pro. 0.6 and Rs 2 lakh with prob 0.4. Construct a decision tree for it using EMV criterion. (Ans EMV Rs 5.8 lakh) Q.6 Give an example of a good decision you made not resulted in bad outcome. Also give an example of a good decision you made that had a good outcome. Why was each decisions good or bad. Q.7 Game theory provide a systematical quantitative approach for analyzing competitive simulation in which the competitors make use of logical processes to techniques in order to determine an optimal strategy for winning. Comment. Q.8 Consider the game for following payoff matrix Player B B1 B2 Player B 2 b -2 (i) Show that the game is strictly determinable whatever may be. (ii) Determine the value of game (Ans 2) Q.9 Solve the following game using Dominance property Player B I II III I 1 7 2 Player A II 6 2 7 III 5 2 6 7

OPERATIONS RESEARCH (Ans A(2/5,3/5,0), B (1/2,1/2,0) , V= 4) Q.10 A producer of boats has estimated the following distribution of demand for a particular kind a boat. No. 0 demanded Probability 0.14 1 0.27 2 0.27 3 0.18 4 0.09 5 0.09 6 0.01

Each boat costs him Rs 7000 and he sells them for Rs 10,000 each. Boats left unsold at the end of the season must be disposed off for Rs 6000 each. How many boats should be in stock so as to minimize his expected profit. ( Ans Max. EMV 4080stock 3 boats) TUTORIAL SHEET NO. 6 Q.1 A flower merchant purchase roses at Rs 10/dozen and sell them for Rs 30. Unsold flowers are donated to the temple. The daily demand for rose has the following probability distribution Demand(dozen) 7 8 9 10 Probability 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 How many dozen of roses should be purchased in order to minimize the profit. (Ans 9 dozen) Q.2 In prob.1 ,also apply EOL criterion. Q.3 Explain minimax criterion as applied to theory of games. Q.4 Let (Uij) be the payoff matrix for a 2 person zero sum game.If V denotes the maximin value and V the minimax value of the game, then prove that V V. Q.5 A decision problem has been expressed in the following payoff table. Action Events I II III A 10 20 26 B -30 30 60 C 40 30 20 Determine which action the executive has to choose if he adopts (i) Maximin criterion Ans (20,C), Q.6 Solve the above problem by Minimax criterion Ans (60,B) Q.7 Solve the problem5 using Hurwicz criterion with = 0.7 Ans (34,C), Q8 Solve the problem4 using Laplace criterion Ans (30,C), Q9 Solve the problem4 using Minimax criterion ( Ans (34,A)

OPERATIONS RESEARCH Q.10 Find the value of game .Also indicate whether they are fair or strictly determinable. B 1 9 6 0 A 2 3 8 -1 -5 -2 10 -3 7 4 -2 -5 (Ans V= 0(A1,B4),fair) TUTORIAL SHEET NO.7 Q.1 Define reorder point. Q.2 How is reorder point related to lead time demand? Q.3 Explain the difference between a periodic review system and a continuous review system . Q.4 Out of periodic review and continuous review system, which one is better and why? Q.5 What is the unit for holding cost parameter. Q.6 Is it possible to have a negative inventory level? If so, explain how? Q.7 Discuss the probability of inventory control when the stochastic demand is uniform, production of commodity is instantaneous and lead time is negligible (discrete case). Q.8 In a private canteen, the daily demand for packet meal follows uniform distribution as presented below, P(X) = 1/(450-230) 230 X 450 The cost of production per packet of meals is Rs 8. The S.P. is Rs 16 /packet . The surplus packets on each day are sold at Rs 6 /pkt in a nearby public place. Find the optimal no. of pkts of meals to be prepared each day. (Ans 406) Q.9 A fish stall is planning for its optimal purchases of a costly variety of fish. The daily demand of fish follows normal; distribution with a mean of 800 kg and standard deviation of 75 kg. The purchase price of the fish is 1.50/- per kg. The S.P. is 200/-/kg If the fish is not sold on the day of purchase, it is sold to a dry fish manufacturing firm at 110/- per kg. Find the optimal daily purchase quantity of fish. (Ans 810.5 kg) Q.10 Describe the basic characteristic of an inventory system.

OPERATIONS RESEARCH TUTORIAL 8 Q.1. Explain the nature of the probabilistic model in inventory control. Q.2 Consider a shop which produces 3 items. The items are produced in lots. The demand rate for each item inconstant and can be assumed to be deterministic. No back orders are to be allowed. The data for the items are given below Items Holdind cost (Rs) Set up cost(Rs) Unit cost(Rs) Demand rate/ year 1 20 50 6 10000 2 20 40 7 12000 3 20 60 5 7500

Determine approximately the economic order quantities when the total value of average inventory levels of these items is Rs 1000 . (Ans 114,110.5,109 units) Q.3 A baking company sells one of its types of cakes by weight. It makes a profit of Rs 3.20 per pound on every pound of cake sold on the day it is baked. It disposses off all the cakes not sold on the day they are baked at the rate of 50 paiseper pound. If demand is known to be triangular with probability density function, f(R) = 0.02- 0.0002R 0 X 100 Find the optimum amount of cake the company should bake daily. (Ans 63.3 pounds) Q.4 A baking company sells one of its types of biscuits by weight. It makes a profit of Rs 9.50 per pound on every kg of biscuits sold on the day it is baked. It disposes off all the biscuits not sold on the day they are baked at the rate of 1.50 Rs per kg. If demand is known to be rectangular between 300kg and 400kg, find the optimum amount of biscuits the company should bake daily. (Ans386.4 kg) Q 5 Derive the expression for optimum order level for the case; demand, set up cost zero, stock levels discrete and lead time zero. Q.6 A person want to decide the constituents of a diet which will fulfill his daily requirement of proteins fats & carbohydrates at the minimum cost. The choice is to be made from 4 different type of foods .The yield per unit of these foods are given as
Food type 1 2 3 4 Minimum requirement Yield per unit Protein 3 4 8 6 800 Fat 2 2 7 5 200 Carbohydrate 6 4 7 4 700 Cost per unit 45 40 85 65

Formulate linear programming model . Q7- Solve the following game by reducing them to 2 x 2 game by graphical method 3 -1 A 0 5 6 -2 -1 2 7 1

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OPERATIONS RESEARCH
Q8 Solve the following 3 x3 game by linear programming Player B 1 -1 -1 Player A

-1 -1 2

-1 3 -1

Q9- A company gives a lease on a certain property . It may sell for Rs 75,000 or may dull the said property for oil. Various possible results are as under along with the probabilities of happening and rupees consequence Possible result Dry well Gas well only Oil & gas combination Oil well Probabilities .10 .40 .30 .20 Rupees Consequences -100000 45000 98000 199000

(a) Draw a discussion tree for the problem & determine whether the company should drill or sell. Q10- The number of machines arriving per day at a factory repair bench has been noted over a range period of time and joined to have the following distribution Arrivals: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Percentage 2 7 15 20 20 16 10 6 31 Repair times depend on the type of fault. The number of repairs completed per day. They have been recorded & found to be represented by. Arrival : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2

Percentage: 4 8 14 18 18 15 10

7 4

Simulate 25 days to find the maximum queue length use the following series of random numbers. 55 07 57 86 16 19 87 94 97 70 42 38 05 27 45 71 18 82 69 13 40 29 70 32 74 05 63 73 35 29 37 86 10 17 85 67 42 02 41 16 79 99 89 13 98 35 35 17 81 38

Tutorial Sheet No. 9

Q.1 List five disadvantages in using simulation analysis. Q.2 Explain why a simulation experiment must usually be executed over long periods of simulated time. Q.3 What is a random number generator ? Q.4 Why is this term(random no. generator) a misnomer? Q.5What are the desirable properties of random number generators? Q6 What is the difference between model verification and model validation . Q.7 Describe the general probability of M/M/K queuing system and also deduce an explicit expression for the steady state probability of the length of the queue in an M/M/1 system.

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OPERATIONS RESEARCH
Q.8 Four counters are being run on the frontier of a country to check the passport and necessary papers of the tourists. The tourists choose the counter at random. If the arrival at the frontier is poisson at the rate and the service time is exponential with parameter /2. What is the steady state average queue at each counter. (Ans 4/23) Q9In a railway yard , goods train arrive at a rate of 30 trains per day. Assuming that the inter-arrival time follows an exponential distribution and the service time is also exponential with an average 36min. Calculate (a) The mean queue size (line length) (b) The probability that the queue size exceeds 10. If the input of trains increases to an average 33 per day , what will be the change in (a) and (b). (Ans 3 trains, 0.06, 4.8 or 5 trains, 0.2 approx) Q.10 List 5 reasons why one would want to use a micro computer based simulation analysis. TUTORIAL 10 Q.1 List 5 advantages of using a simulation language. Q.2 Problems arriving at the computer center in a poisson function at an average rate of 5/day. The rules of the computing centre are that any man waiting to get his problem solved must aid the man whose problem is solved.If the time for solving one problem has an exponential distribution with mean time of 1/3rd day if the average solving time is inversely proportional to the no. of people working on the problem, approximate the expected time in the center for a person entering . (Ans. 1/3 day or 8 days) Q.3 In the production shop of a company, the breakdown of the machines is found to be poisson with an average rate of 3 machine/hour. Breakdown time at one machine costs Rs 40/hr to the company. There are two choices before the company to hiring the repairman. One of the repairman is slow but cheap and other fast but expensive. The slow cheap repairman demand Rs 20/hr and will repair the broken down machines exponentially at the rate of 4/hr. The fast expensive repairman demands Rs. 30/hr will repair machines exponentially at an average rate of 6/hr. Which repairman should be hired. (Ans cost- 180, cost 70, fast-expensive repairman ) Q.4 Show that for a single service station, Poisson arrivals and exponential service times, the probability that exactly n calling units are in queuing system is (1-) n ,n 0. ( = traffic intensity).Also find the expected line length. Q.5 The material manager of the firm wishes to determine the expected mean demand for a particular item in stock during the re order lead time. The information is needed to determine how far in advance to reorder, before the stock level is reduced to zero. However both the lead time and the demand/day for the item are random variables described by the probability distribution, Lead time (in days) Probability Demand/day(units) Probability 1 0.4 1 0.15 2 0.3 5 2 0.25 3 0.25 3 0.40 4 0.20 Manually simulate the probability for 30 re-orders to estimate the demand during lead time. Q.6 In a railway yard ,goods train arrive at a rate of 30 trains per day. Assuming that the interarrival time follows an exponential distribution and the service time distribution is also exponential with an average 36 min., calculate the following, (i) Average no. of customers in the system (ii) The probability that the queue size exceeds 10. (Ans 3,0.06) Q.7 For the above problem, if the inputs of the trains increases to an average33 /day, what will be the change in (i) and (ii). (Ans 0.2) Q.8 A mechanics repairs 4 machines. The mean time between service requirements is 5 hrs for each machine and forms an exponential distribution. The mean repair time is 1 hr and also follows the same distribution pattern. Machine downtime costs Rs 25 per hr and the machine costs Rs 55 per day. Find the expected number of operating machines. ( Ans 3) Q.9 Determine the expected downtime lost per day in the above problem. (Ans Rs 200/day)

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Q.10 In prob1 (Ans 0-4 hr/day) ,would it be economical to engage 2 mechanics, each repairing only 2 machines.

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OPERATIONS RESEARCH
TUTORIAL SHEET NO.11 Q.1 Most of the businessman view Inventory is a necessary evil . Do you agree with this. Q.2 Formulate and solve a discrete stochastic model for a single product with lead time zero. The shortage and shortage costs are independent of time. Set up cost is constant. Q.3 Discuss the probabilistic inventory models with instantaneous demand and no set up cost. Q.4 Consider an inventory model in which the holding cost of one unit in an inventory for a specified period is C and the cost of shortage per unit is B .Suppose the demand follows a known continuous probability distribution. Determine the optimum inventory level in the beginning of the period. Q.5 Write a note on Newspaper boy problem. Q.6Define inventory and its importance. Q.7 What are the advantages and disadvantages of having inventories. Q.8 Formulate and solve continuous probabilistic reorder point for lot size model to determine optimal reorder point for a presented lot size. Lead time is finite. Shortages are allowed and fully backlogged. Q.9 A newspaper boy buys paper for 60 paise each.and sales them for Rs 1.40 each. He cannot return unsold papers. Daily demand form the following distribution. NO. OF 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 CUSTOMERS PROBABILITY .01 0.03 0.06 0.10 0.2 0.25 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.05 If each days demand is independent of the previous day demand, how many papers should be ordered each day. (Ans 28) Q.10Some of the spare parts of a ship costs Rs100000 each. These spare parts can only be ordered with the ship. If not ordered at the time when shipnwas construted, these parts cant be available on need. Suppose that a loss of Rs 1,00,00,000 is suffered for each spare that is needed as replacement during the life term of the class of the ship discussed are, Spare parts reqd Prob. 0 0.9488 1 0.0400 2 0.0100 3 0.0010 (Ans 3 parts) 4 0.0002 5 0.0

How many spare parts should be procured.

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