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HTML Codes N Tags

tags & code in HTml

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304 views

HTML Codes N Tags

tags & code in HTml

Uploaded by

BtechGuyz

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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HTML Basic

HTML HTML HTML HTML HTML HTML HTML HTML HTML HTML HTML HTML HTML HTML HTML HTML HTML HTML HTML HTML HTML HTML HOME Introduction Get Started Basic Elements Attributes Headings Paragraphs Formatting Fonts Styles Links Images Tables Lists Forms Frames Iframes Colors Colornames Colorvalues Quick List

HTML Advanced
HTML Layout HTML Doctypes HTML CSS HTML Head HTML Meta HTML Scripts HTML Entities HTML URLs HTML URL Encode HTML Webserver HTML Summary

HTML References
HTML HTML HTML HTML HTML HTML HTML HTML HTML Tag List Attributes Events Character Sets ASCII ISO-8859-1 URL Encode Lang Codes Status Codes

HTML Headings
HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.

Example
<h1>This is a heading</h1> <h2>This is a heading</h2> <h3>This is a heading</h3>
Try it yourself

HTML Paragraphs
HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.

Example
<p>This is a paragraph.</p> <p>This is another paragraph.</p>

HTML Links
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag.

Example
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>

Note: The link address is specified in the href attribute. (You will learn about attributes in a later chapter of this tutorial).

HTML Images
HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.

Example
<img src="w3schools.jpg" width="104" height="142" />
Try it yourself

HTML documents are defined by HTML elements. 2

HTML Elements
An HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:

Start tag * <p> <a href="default.htm" > <br />

Element content This is a paragraph This is a link </p> </a>

End tag *

* The start tag is often called the opening tag. The end tag is often called the closing tag.

HTML Element Syntax

An HTML element starts with a start tag / opening tag An HTML element ends with an end tag / closing tag The element content is everything between the start and the end tag Some HTML elements have empty content Empty elements are closed in the start tag Most HTML elements can have attributes

Tip: You will learn about attributes in the next chapter of this tutorial.

Nested HTML Elements

Most HTML elements can be nested (can contain other HTML elements). HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.

HTML Document Example

<html> <body> <p>This is my first paragraph.</p> </body> </html>

The example above contains 3 HTML elements.

HTML Example Explained

The <p> element:

<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>

The <p> element defines a paragraph in the HTML document. The element has a start tag <p> and an end tag </p>. The element content is: This is my first paragraph. The <body> element:

<body> <p>This is my first paragraph.</p> </body>

The <body> element defines the body of the HTML document. The element has a start tag <body> and an end tag </body>. The element content is another HTML element (a p element). The <html> element:

<html> <body> <p>This is my first paragraph.</p> </body> </html>

The <html> element defines the whole HTML document. The element has a start tag <html> and an end tag </html>. The element content is another HTML element (the body element).

Don't Forget the End Tag

Some HTML elements might display correctly even if you forget the end tag:

<p>This is a paragraph <p>This is a paragraph

The example above works in most browsers, because the closing tag is considered optional. Never rely on this. Many HTML elements will produce unexpected results and/or errors if you forget the end tag .

Empty HTML Elements

HTML elements with no content are called empty elements. <br> is an empty element without a closing tag (the <br> tag defines a line break). Tip: In XHTML, all elements must be closed. Adding a slash inside the start tag, like <br />, is the proper way of closing empty elements in XHTML (and XML).

HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Tags

HTML tags are not case sensitive: <P> means the same as <p>. Many web sites use uppercase HTML tags. W3Schools use lowercase tags because the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends lowercase in HTML 4, and demands lowercase tags in XHTML.

Attributes provide additional information about HTML elements.

HTML Attributes

HTML elements can have attributes Attributes provide additional information about an element Attributes are always specified in the start tag Attributes come in name/value pairs like: name="value"

Attribute Example
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag. The link address is specified in the href attribute:

Example
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>

Always Quote Attribute Values

Attribute values should always be enclosed in quotes. Double style quotes are the most common, but single style quotes are also allowed. Tip: In some rare situations, when the attribute value itself contains quotes, it is necessary to use single quotes: name='John "ShotGun" Nelson'

HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Attributes

Attribute names and attribute values are case-insensitive. However, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends lowercase attributes/attribute values in their HTML 4 recommendation.

HTML Attributes Reference

A complete list of legal attributes for each HTML element is listed in our: Complete HTML Reference Below is a list of some attributes that are standard for most HTML elements: Attribute class id style title Value classname id style_definition tooltip_text Description Specifies a classname for an element Specifies a unique id for an element Specifies an inline style for an element Specifies extra information about an element (displayed as a tool tip)

For more information about standard attributes:

HTML / XHTML Standard Attributes

The attributes listed below are standard, and are supported by all HTML and XHTML tags, with a few exceptions.

Core Attributes
Not valid in base, head, html, meta, param, script, style, and title elements. Attribute class id style title Value classname id style_definition text Description Specifies a classname for an element Specifies a unique id for an element Specifies an inline style for an element Specifies extra information about an element

Language Attributes
Not valid in base, br, frame, frameset, hr, iframe, param, and script elements. Attribute dir Value ltr rtl language_code Description Specifies the text direction for the content in an element

lang

Specifies a language code for the content in an element. Language code reference Specifies a language code for the content in an element, in XHTML documents. Language code reference

xml:lang

language_code

Keyboard Attributes
Attribute accesskey tabindex Value character number Description Specifies a keyboard shortcut to access an element Specifies the tab order of an element

HTML Headings
Headings are important in HTML documents.

HTML Headings
Headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags. <h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading.

Example
<h1>This is a heading</h1> <h2>This is a heading</h2> <h3>This is a heading</h3>

Headings Are Important

Use HTML headings for headings only. Don't use headings to make text BIG or bold. Search engines use your headings to index the structure and content of your web pages. Since users may skim your pages by its headings, it is important to use headings to show the document structure. H1 headings should be used as main headings, followed by H2 headings, then the less important H3 headings, and so on.

HTML Lines
The <hr /> tag creates a horizontal line in an HTML page. The hr element can be used to separate content:

Example
<p>This is a paragraph</p> <hr /> <p>This is a paragraph</p> <hr /> <p>This is a paragraph</p>

Headings How to display headings in an HTML document.

<html> <body> <h1>This is heading 1</h1> <h2>This is heading 2</h2> <h3>This is heading 3</h3> <h4>This is heading 4</h4> <h5>This is heading 5</h5> <h6>This is heading 6</h6> </body> </html>

This is heading 1

This is heading 2
8

This is heading 3 This is heading 4 This is heading 5 This is heading

HTML Comments
Comments can be inserted into the HTML code to make it more readable and understandable. Comments are ignored by the browser and are not displayed. Comments are written like this:

Example

HTML Tip - How to View HTML Source

Have you ever seen a Web page and wondered "Hey! How did they do that?" To find out, right-click in the page and select "View Source" (IE) or "View Page Source" (Firefox), or similar for other browsers. This will open a window containing the HTML code of the page Hidden comments How to insert comments in the HTML source code.

<html> <body>  <p>This is a regular paragraph</p> </body> </html>

This is a regular paragraph

Horizontal lines How to insert a horizontal line.

<html> <body> <p>The hr tag defines a horizontal rule:</p> 9

<hr /> <p>This is a paragraph</p> <hr /> <p>This is a paragraph</p> <hr /> <p>This is a paragraph</p> </body> </html>

The hr tag defines a horizontal rule:

This is a paragraph

HTML Tag Reference

W3Schools' tag reference contains additional information about these tags and their attributes. You will learn more about HTML tags and attributes in the next chapters of this tutorial. Tag <html> <body> <h1> to <h6> <hr /> <!--> Description Defines an HTML document Defines the document's body Defines HTML headings Defines a horizontal line Defines a comment

HTML Paragraphs
HTML documents are divided into paragraphs.

HTML Paragraphs
Paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.

Example
<p>This is a paragraph</p> <p>This is another paragraph</p>

Don't Forget the End Tag

Most browsers will display HTML correctly even if you forget the end tag:

Example
<p>This is a paragraph <p>This is another paragraph

The example above will work in most browsers, but don't rely on it. Forgetting the end tag can produce unexpected results or errors. Note: Future version of HTML will not allow you to skip end tags. HTML paragraphs How HTML paragraphs are displayed in a browser.

html> <body> <p>This is a paragraph.</p> <p>This is a paragraph.</p> <p>This is a paragraph.</p> </body> </html>

This is a paragraph. This is a paragraph. This is a paragraph.

HTML Line Breaks

Use the <br /> tag if you want a line break (a new line) without starting a new paragraph:

Example
<p>This is<br />a para<br />graph with line breaks</p>

The <br /> element is an empty HTML element. It has no end tag.

<br> or <br />

In XHTML, XML, and future versions of HTML, HTML elements with no end tag (closing tag) are not allowed. Even if <br> works in all browsers, writing <br /> instead is more future proof.

HTML Output - Useful Tips

You cannot be sure how HTML will be displayed. Large or small screens, and resized windows will create different results. With HTML, you cannot change the output by adding extra spaces or extra lines in your HTML code. The browser will remove extra spaces and extra lines when the page is displayed. Any number of lines count as one line, and any number of spaces count as one space. Line breaks The use of line breaks in an HTML document.

<html> <body> <p>This is<br />a para<br />graph with line breaks</p> </body> </html>

This is a para graph with line breaks

Poem problems Some problems with HTML formatting.

<html> <body> 12

<p> My Bonnie lies over the ocean.

My Bonnie lies over the sea.

My Bonnie lies over the ocean.

Oh, bring back my Bonnie to me. </p>

<p>Note that your browser ignores the layout!</p> </body> </html>

My Bonnie lies over the ocean. My Bonnie lies over the sea. My Bonnie lies over the ocean. Oh, bring back my Bonnie to me. Note that your browser ignores the layout!
More paragraphs The default behaviors of paragraphs.

<html> <body> <p> This paragraph contains a lot of lines in the source code, but the browser ignores it. </p> <p> This paragraph contains a lot of spaces in the source code, but the browser ignores it. </p> <p> The number of lines in a paragraph depends on the size of your browser window. If you resize the browser window, the number of lines in this paragraph will change. 13

</p> </body> </html>

This paragraph contains a lot of lines in the source code, but the browser ignores it. This paragraph contains a lot of spaces in the source code, but the browser ignores it. The number of lines in a paragraph depends on the size of your browser window. If you resize the browser window, the number of lines in this paragraph will change.

HTML Text Formatting

HTML Text Formatting
This text is bold This text is big This text is italic
This is computer output

This is subscript and

superscript

HTML Formatting Tags

HTML uses tags like <b> and <i> for formatting output, like bold or italic text. These HTML tags are called formatting tags (look at the bottom of this page for a complete reference). Often <strong> renders as <b>, and <em> renders as <i>. However, there is a difference in the meaning of these tags: <b> or <i> defines bold or italic text only. <strong> or <em> means that you want the text to be rendered in a way that the user understands as "important". Today, all major browsers render strong as bold and em as italics. However, if a browser one day wants to make a text highlighted with the strong feature, it might be cursive for example and not bold!

Text formatting How to format text in an HTML document.

<body> <p><b>This text is bold</b></p> <p><strong>This text is strong</strong></p> <p><big>This text is big</big></p> <p><em>This text is emphasized</em></p> <p><i>This text is italic</i></p> <p><small>This text is small</small></p> <p>This is<sub> subscript</sub> and <sup>superscript</sup></p> </body> </html>

This text is bold This text is strong

This text is big

This text is emphasized This text is italic
This text is small

This is subscript and superscript

Preformatted text How to control the line breaks and spaces with the pre tag.

<html> <body> <pre> This is preformatted text. It preserves both spaces and line breaks. </pre> <p>The pre tag is good for displaying computer code:</p> <pre> for i = 1 to 10 print i next i </pre> 15

</body> </html>
This is preformatted text. It preserves both spaces and line breaks.

The pre tag is good for displaying computer code:

for i = 1 to 10 print i next i

"Computer output" tags How different "computer output" tags will be displayed.

<html> <body> <code>Computer code</code> <br /> <kbd>Keyboard input</kbd> <br /> <tt>Teletype text</tt> <br /> <samp>Sample text</samp> <br /> <var>Computer variable</var> <br /> <p><b>Note:</b> These tags are often used to display computer/programming code.</p> </body> </html>
Computer code Keyboard input Teletype text

Sample text Computer variable Note: These tags are often used to display computer/programming code.

Address How to define contact information for the author/owner of an HTML document.

<html> <body> <address> Written by W3Schools.com<br /> <a href="mailto:[email protected]">Email us</a><br /> Address: Box 564, Disneyland<br /> Phone: +12 34 56 78 </address> </body> </html>

Written by W3Schools.com Email us Address: Box 564, Disneyland Phone: +12 34 56 78

Abbreviations and acronyms How to handle abbreviations and acronyms.

<p>The <abbr title="World Health Organization">WHO</abbr> was founded in 1948.</p> <p>Can I get this <acronym title="as soon as possible">ASAP</acronym>?</p> <p>The title attribute is used to show the spelled-out version when holding the mouse pointer over the acronym or abbreviation.</p> </body> </html>

The WHO was founded in 1948. Can I get this ASAP? The title attribute is used to show the spelled-out version when holding the mouse pointer over the acronym or abbreviation.

Text direction How to change the text direction.

<html> <body> <p> If your browser supports bi-directional override (bdo), the next line will be written from the right to the left (rtl): </p> <bdo dir="rtl"> Here is some Hebrew text </bdo> </body> </html>

If your browser supports bi-directional override (bdo), the next line will be written from the right to the left (rtl): Here is some Hebrew text
Quotations How to handle long and short quotations.

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <body> A long quotation: <blockquote> This is a long quotation. This is a long quotation. This is a long quotation. This is a long quotation. This is a long quotation. </blockquote> <p><b>Note:</b> The browser inserts white space before and after a blockquote element. It also inserts margins.</p> A short quotation: <q>This is a short quotation</q> <p><b>Note:</b> The browser inserts quotation marks around the short quotation.</p> </body> </html>

A long quotation: This is a long quotation. This is a long quotation. This is a long quotation. This is a long quotation. This is a long quotation. Note: The browser inserts white space before and after a blockquote element. It also inserts margins. A short quotation: This is a short quotation Note: The browser inserts quotation marks around the short quotation.
Deleted and inserted text How to mark deleted and inserted text.

<html> <body> <p>My favorite color is <del>blue</del> <ins>red</ins>!</p> <p>Notice that browsers will strikethrough deleted text and underline inserted text.</p> </body> </html>

My favorite color is blue red! Notice that browsers will strikethrough deleted text and underline inserted text.

HTML Text Formatting Tags

Tag <b> <big> <em> <i> <small> <strong> <sub> <sup> Description Defines bold text Defines big text Defines emphasized text Defines italic text Defines small text Defines strong text Defines subscripted text Defines superscripted text

Defines inserted text Defines deleted text

HTML "Computer Output" Tags

Tag <code> <kbd> <samp> <tt> <var> <pre> Description Defines computer code text Defines keyboard text Defines sample computer code Defines teletype text Defines a variable Defines preformatted text

HTML Citations, Quotations, and Definition Tags

Tag <abbr> <acronym> <address> <bdo> <blockquote> <q> <cite> <dfn> Description Defines an abbreviation Defines an acronym Defines contact information for the author/owner of a document Defines the text direction Defines a long quotation Defines a short quotation Defines a citation Defines a definition term

The HTML <font> Tag Should NOT be Used

The <font> tag is deprecated in HTML 4, and removed from HTML5. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has removed the <font> tag from its recommendations. In HTML 4, style sheets (CSS) should be used to define the layout and display properties for many HTML elements. The example below shows how the HTML could look by using the <font> tag:

Example
<p> <font size="5" face="arial" color="red"> This paragraph is in Arial, size 5, and in red text color. </font> </p> <p> <font size="3" face="verdana" color="blue"> This paragraph is in Arial, size 5, and in red text color. </font> </p>
Try it yourself

The Right Way to Do It - With Styles

Set the font of text This example demonstrates how to set the font of a text.

<html> <body> <h1 style="font-family:verdana">This is a heading</h1> <p style="font-family:courier">This is a paragraph.</p> </body> </html>

This is a heading
This is a paragraph.
Set the font size of text This example demonstrates how to set the font size of a text.

<html> <body> 21

<h1 style="font-size:200%">This is a heading</h1> <p style="font-size:110%">This is a paragraph.</p> </body> </html>

This is a heading
This is a paragraph.
Set the font color of text This example demonstrates how to set the color of a text.

<html> <body> <h1 style="color:blue">This is a heading</h1> <p style="color:red">This is a paragraph.</p> </body> </html>

This is a heading
This is a paragraph.
Set the font, font size, and font color of text This example demonstrates how to set the font, font size, and font color of a text. <html> <body> <p style="font-family:verdana;font-size:110%;color:green"> This is a paragraph with some text in it. This is a paragraph with some text in it. This is a paragraph with some text in it. This is a paragraph with some text in it. </p> </body> </html>

This is a paragraph with some text in it. This is a paragraph with some text in it. This is a paragraph with some text in it. This is a paragraph with some text in it.

HTML Styles - CSS

CSS is used to style HTML elements.

Look! Styles and colors

This text is in Verdana and red This text is in Times and blue

This text is 30 pixels high

Styling HTML with CSS
CSS was introduced together with HTML 4, to provide a better way to style HTML elements. CSS can be added to HTML in the following ways:

in separate style sheet files (CSS files) in the style element in the HTML head section in the style attribute in single HTML elements

Using the HTML Style Attribute

It is time consuming and not very practical to style HTML elements using the style attribute. The preferred way to add CSS to HTML, is to put CSS syntax in separate CSS files. However, in this HTML tutorial we will introduce you to CSS using the style attribute. This is done to simplify the examples. It also makes it easier for you to edit the code and try it yourself.

HTML Style Example - Background Color

The background-color property defines the background color for an element:

Example
<html> <body style="background-color:yellow;"> <h2 style="background-color:red;">This is a heading</h2> <p style="background-color:green;">This is a paragraph.</p> </body> </html>

The background-color property makes the "old" bgcolor attribute obsolete.

HTML Style Example - Font, Color and Size

The font-family, color, and font-size properties defines the font, color, and size of the text in an element:

Example
<html> <body> <h1 style="font-family:verdana;">A heading</h1> <p style="font-family:arial;color:red;font-size:20px;">A paragraph.</p> </body> </html>

The font-family, color, and font-size properties make the old <font> tag obsolete.

HTML Style Example - Text Alignment

The text-align property specifies the horizontal alignment of text in an element:

Example
<html> <body> <h1 style="text-align:center;">Center-aligned heading</h1> <p>This is a paragraph.</p> </body> </html>

The text-align property makes the old <center> tag obsolete.

Try it yourself: Centered heading the old way

<html> <body> <center><h1>This is a heading</h1></center> 24

<p>The heading above is aligned to the center of this page.</p> </body> </html>

This is a heading
The heading above is aligned to the center of this page.

Deprecated Tags and Attributes

In HTML 4, several tags and attributes were deprecated. Deprecated means that they will not be supported in future versions of HTML. The message is clear: Avoid using deprecated tags and attributes! These tags and attributes should be avoided: Tags <center> <font> and <basefont> <s> and <strike> <u> Attributes align bgcolor color Description Deprecated. Defines centered content Deprecated. Defines HTML fonts Deprecated. Defines strikethrough text Deprecated. Defines underlined text Description Deprecated. Defines the alignment of text Deprecated. Defines the background color Deprecated. Defines the text color

For all of the above: Use styles instead!

HTML Links
Links are found in nearly all Web pages. Links allow users to click their way from page to page. 25

HTML links How to create links in an HTML document.

<html> <body> <p> <a href="default.asp">HTML Tutorial</a> This is a link to a page on this website. </p> <p> <a href="http://www.google.com/">Google</a> This is a link to a website on the World Wide Web. </p> </body> </html>

HTML Tutorial This is a link to a page on this website. Google This is a link to a website on the World Wide Web.

HTML Hyperlinks (Links)

A hyperlink (or link) is a word, group of words, or image that you can click on to jump to a new document or a new section within the current document. When you move the cursor over a link in a Web page, the arrow will turn into a little hand. Links are specified in HTML using the <a> tag. The <a> tag can be used in two ways: 1. 2. To create a link to another document, by using the href attribute To create a bookmark inside a document, by using the name attribute

HTML Link Syntax

The HTML code for a link is simple. It looks like this:

<a href="url">Link text</a>

The href attribute specifies the destination of a link.

Example
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/">Visit W3Schools</a>

which will display like this: Visit W3Schools Clicking on this hyperlink will send the user to W3Schools' homepage. Tip: The "Link text" doesn't have to be text. You can link from an image or any other HTML element.

HTML Links - The target Attribute

The target attribute specifies where to open the linked document. The example below will open the linked document in a new browser window or a new tab:

Example
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/" target="_blank">Visit W3Schools!</a>

HTML Links - The name Attribute

The name attribute specifies the name of an anchor. The name attribute is used to create a bookmark inside an HTML document. Note: The upcoming HTML5 standard suggest using the id attribute instead of the name attribute for specifying the name of an anchor. Using the id attribute actually works also for HTML4 in all modern browsers. Bookmarks are not displayed in any special way. They are invisible to the reader.

Example
A named anchor inside an HTML document:

<a name="tips">Useful Tips Section</a>

Create a link to the "Useful Tips Section" inside the same document:

<a href="#tips">Visit the Useful Tips Section</a>

Or, create a link to the "Useful Tips Section" from another page:

<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/html_links.htm#tips"> Visit the Useful Tips Section</a>

Basic Notes - Useful Tips

Note: Always add a trailing slash to subfolder references. If you link like this: href="http://www.w3schools.com/html", you will generate two requests to the server, the server will first add a slash to the address, and then create a new request like this: href="http://www.w3schools.com/html/". Tip: Named anchors are often used to create "table of contents" at the beginning of a large document. Each chapter within the document is given a named anchor, and links to each of these anchors are put at the top of the document. Tip: If a browser does not find the named anchor specified, it goes to the top of the document. No error occurs. An image as a link How to use an image as a link.

<html> <body> <p>Create a link of an image: <a href="default.asp"> <img src="smiley.gif" alt="HTML tutorial" width="32" height="32" /> </a></p> <p>No border around the image, but still a link: <a href="default.asp"> <img border="0" src="smiley.gif" alt="HTML tutorial" width="32" height="32" /> </a></p> </body> </html>

Create a link of an image: No border around the image, but still a link:

Link to a location on the same page How to link to a bookmark.

<html> <body> <p> <a href="#C4">See also Chapter 4.</a> </p> 28

<h2>Chapter 1</h2> <p>This chapter explains ba bla bla</p> <h2>Chapter 2</h2> <p>This chapter explains ba bla bla</p> <h2>Chapter 3</h2> <p>This chapter explains ba bla bla</p> <h2><a name="C4">Chapter 4</a></h2> <p>This chapter explains ba bla bla</p> <h2>Chapter 5</h2> <p>This chapter explains ba bla bla</p> <h2>Chapter 6</h2> <p>This chapter explains ba bla bla</p> <h2>Chapter 7</h2> <p>This chapter explains ba bla bla</p> <h2>Chapter 8</h2> <p>This chapter explains ba bla bla</p> <h2>Chapter 9</h2> <p>This chapter explains ba bla bla</p> <h2>Chapter 10</h2> <p>This chapter explains ba bla bla</p> <h2>Chapter 11</h2> <p>This chapter explains ba bla bla</p> <h2>Chapter 12</h2> <p>This chapter explains ba bla bla</p> <h2>Chapter 13</h2> <p>This chapter explains ba bla bla</p> <h2>Chapter 14</h2> <p>This chapter explains ba bla bla</p> <h2>Chapter 15</h2> <p>This chapter explains ba bla bla</p> <h2>Chapter 16</h2> <p>This chapter explains ba bla bla</p> <h2>Chapter 17</h2> 29

<p>This chapter explains ba bla bla</p> </body> </html>

<html> <body> <p>Locked in a frame?</p> <a href="http://www.w3schools.com/" target="_top">Click here!</a>

</body> </html>

Locked in a frame? Click here!

Create a mailto link How to link to a mail message (will only work if you have mail installed).

<html> <body> <p> This is an email link: <a href="mailto:[email protected]?Subject=Hello%20again"> Send Mail</a> </p> <p> <b>Note:</b> Spaces between words should be replaced by %20 to ensure that the browser will display the text properly. </p> </body> </html>

This is an email link: Send Mail Note: Spaces between words should be replaced by %20 to ensure that the browser will display the text properly.

Create a mailto link 2 Another mailto link.

<html> <body> <p> This is another mailto link: 32

<a href="mailto:[email protected][email protected]&bcc=andsomeoneelse@exampl e.com&subject=Summer%20Party&body=You%20are%20invited%20to%20a%20big%20summer%20part y!">Send mail!</a> </p> <p> <b>Note:</b> Spaces between words should be replaced by %20 to ensure that the browser will display the text properly. </p> </body> </html>

This is another mailto link: Send mail! Note: Spaces between words should be replaced by %20 to ensure that the browser will display the text properly.

HTML Images
Example

Norwegian Mountain Trip

Try it yourself

Insert images How to insert images into an HTML document.

<html> <body> <p> An image: <img src="smiley.gif" alt="Smiley face" width="32" height="32" /> </p> <p> A moving image: <img src="hackanm.gif" alt="Computer man" width="48" height="48" /> </p> <p> Note that the syntax of inserting a moving image is no different from a non-moving image. </p> </body> </html>

An image:
34

A moving image: Note that the syntax of inserting a moving image is no different from a non-moving non image
Insert images from different locations How to insert an image from another folder or another server.

<html> <body> <p>An image from another folder:</p> <img src="/images/chrome.gif" ges/chrome.gif" alt="Google Chrome" width="33" height="32" /> <p>An image from W3Schools:</p> <img src="http://www.w3schools.com/images/w3schools_green.jpg" alt="W3Schools.com" width="104" height="142" /> </body> </html>

An image from another folder:

An image from W3Schools:

(You can find more examples at the bottom of this page).

HTML Images - The <img> Tag and the Src Attribute

In HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag. The <img> tag is empty, which means that it contains attributes only, and has no closing tag.

To display an image on a page, you need to use the src attribute. Src stands for "source". The value of the src attribute is the URL of the image you want to display. Syntax for defining an image:

<img src="url" alt="some_text"/>

The URL points to the location where the image is stored. An image named "boat.gif", located in the "images" directory on "www.w3schools.com" has the URL: http://www.w3schools.com/images/boat.gif. The browser displays the image where the <img> tag occurs in the document. If you put an image tag between two paragraphs, the browser shows the first paragraph, then the image, and then the second paragraph.

HTML Images - The Alt Attribute

The required alt attribute specifies an alternate text for an image, if the image cannot be displayed. The value of the alt attribute is an author-defined text:

<img src="boat.gif" alt="Big Boat" />

The alt attribute provides alternative information for an image if a user for some reason cannot view it (because of slow connection, an error in the src attribute, or if the user uses a screen reader).

HTML Images - Set Height and Width of an Image

The height and width attributes are used to specify the height and width of an image. The attribute values are specified in pixels by default:

<img src="pulpit.jpg" alt="Pulpit rock" width="304" height="228" />

Tip: It is a good practice to specify both the height and width attributes for an image. If these attributes are set, the space required for the image is reserved when the page is loaded. However, without these attributes, the browser does not know the size of the image. The effect will be that the page layout will change during loading (while the images load).

Basic Notes - Useful Tips

Note: If an HTML file contains ten images - eleven files are required to display the page right. Loading images take time, so my best advice is: Use images carefully.

Note: When a web page is loaded, it is the browser, at that moment, that actually gets the image from a web server and inserts it into the page. Therefore, make sure that the images actually stay in the same spot in relation to the web page, otherwise your visitors will get a broken link icon. The broken link icon is shown if the browser cannot find the image. IMAGES MIDDLE THE TEXT Aligning images How to align an image within the text.

<html> <body> <p>An image <img src="smiley.gif" alt="Smiley face" align="bottom" width="32" height="32" /> with align="bottom".</p> <p>An image <img src="smiley.gif" alt="Smiley face" align="middle" width="32" height="32" /> with align="middle".</p> <p>An image <img src="smiley.gif" alt="Smiley face" align="top" width="32" height="32" /> with align="top".</p> <p><b>Tip:</b> align="bottom" is default!</p> <p><img src="smiley.gif" alt="Smiley face" width="32" height="32" /> An image before the text.</p> <p>An image after the text. <img src="smiley.gif" alt="Smiley face" width="32" height="32" /></p> </body> </html>

An image An image An image

with align="bottom". with align="middle". with align="top".

Tip: align="bottom" is default! An image before the text.

Let the image float How to let an image float to the left or right of a paragraph.

<html> <body> <p> <img src="smiley.gif" alt="Smiley face" align="left" width="32" height="32" /> A paragraph with an image. The align attribute of the image is set to "left". The image will float to the left of this text. </p> <p> <img src="smiley.gif" alt="Smiley face" align="right" width="32" height="32" /> A paragraph with an image. The align attribute of the image is set to "right". The image will float to the right of this text. </p> </body> </html>

A paragraph with an image. The align attribute of the image is set to "left". The image will float to the left of this text. A paragraph with an image. The align attribute of the image is set to "right". The image will float to the right of this text.
Make a hyperlink of an image How to use an image as a link.

Create a link of an image:

No border around the image, but still a link:

Create an image map How to create an image map, with clickable regions. Each of the regions is a hyperlink.

<html> <body> <p>Click on the sun or on one of the planets to watch it closer:</p> <img src="planets.gif" width="145" height="126" alt="Planets" usemap="#planetmap" /> <map name="planetmap"> <area shape="rect" coords="0,0,82,126" alt="Sun" href="sun.htm" /> <area shape="circle" coords="90,58,3" alt="Mercury" href="mercur.htm" /> <area shape="circle" coords="124,58,8" alt="Venus" href="venus.htm" /> </map> </body> </html>

Click on the sun or on one of the planets to watch it closer:

HTML Tables
HTML Tables
Apples Bananas Oranges Other 44% 23% 13% 10%

Tables How to create tables in an HTML document.

<html> <body> <p> Each table starts with a table tag. Each table row starts with a tr tag. Each table data starts with a td tag. </p> <h4>One column:</h4> <table border="1"> <tr> <td>100</td> </tr> </table> <h4>One row and three columns:</h4> <table border="1"> <tr> <td>100</td> <td>200</td> <td>300</td> </tr> </table> <h4>Two rows and three columns:</h4> <table border="1"> <tr> <td>100</td> <td>200</td> <td>300</td> </tr> 40

<tr> <td>400</td> <td>500</td> <td>600</td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>

Each table starts with a table tag. Each table row starts with a tr tag. Each table data starts with a td tag.
One column: 100

One row and three columns: 100 200 300

Two rows and three columns: 100 200 300 400 500 600

Table borders How to specify different table borders.

<html> <body> <h4>With a normal border:</h4> <table border="1"> <tr> <td>First</td> <td>Row</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Second</td> <td>Row</td> </tr> </table> <h4>With a thick border:</h4> <table border="8"> <tr> <td>First</td> 41

<td>Row</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Second</td> <td>Row</td> </tr> </table> <h4>With a very thick border:</h4> <table border="15"> <tr> <td>First</td> <td>Row</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Second</td> <td>Row</td> </tr> </table> </body> </html> With a normal border: First Row

Second Row

With a thick border: First Row

Second Row

With a very thick border: First Row

Second Row

(You can find more examples at the bottom of this page).

HTML Tables
Tables are defined with the <table> tag. A table is divided into rows (with the <tr> tag), and each row is divided into data cells (with the <td> tag). td stands for "table data," and holds the content of a data cell. A <td> tag can contain text, links, images, lists, forms, other tables, etc.

Table Example
<table border="1"> <tr> <td>row 1, cell 1</td> <td>row 1, cell 2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>row 2, cell 1</td> <td>row 2, cell 2</td> </tr> </table>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser: row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2 row 2, cell 1 row 2, cell 2

HTML Tables and the Border Attribute

If you do not specify a border attribute, the table will be displayed without borders. Sometimes this can be useful, but most of the time, we want the borders to show. To display a table with borders, specify the border attribute:

HTML Table Headers

Header information in a table are defined with the <th> tag. All major browsers will display the text in the <th> element as bold and centered.

<table border="1"> <tr> <th>Header 1</th> <th>Header 2</th> </tr> <tr> <td>row 1, cell 1</td> <td>row 1, cell 2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>row 2, cell 1</td> <td>row 2, cell 2</td> </tr> </table>

How the HTML code above looks in your browser: Header 1 Header 2

row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2 row 2, cell 1 row 2, cell 2

Tables without borders How to create tables without borders.

<html> <body> <h4>This table has no borders:</h4> <table> <tr> <td>100</td> <td>200</td> <td>300</td> </tr> <tr> <td>400</td> <td>500</td> <td>600</td> </tr> </table> 44

<h4>And this table has no borders:</h4> <table border="0"> <tr> <td>100</td> <td>200</td> <td>300</td> </tr> <tr> <td>400</td> <td>500</td> <td>600</td> </tr> </table> </body> </html> This table has no borders: 100 200 300 400 500 600

And this table has no borders: 100 200 300 400 500 600

Table headers How to create table headers.

<html> <body> <h4>Table headers:</h4> <table border="1"> <tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Telephone</th> <th>Telephone</th> </tr> <tr> <td>Bill Gates</td> <td>555 77 854</td> <td>555 77 855</td> </tr> </table> 45

<h4>Vertical headers:</h4> <table border="1"> <tr> <th>First Name:</th> <td>Bill Gates</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Telephone:</th> <td>555 77 854</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Telephone:</th> <td>555 77 855</td> </tr> </table> </body> </html> Table headers: Name Telephone Telephone

Bill Gates 555 77 854 555 77 855

Vertical headers: First Name: Bill Gates Telephone: 555 77 854 Telephone: 555 77 855

Table with a caption How to add a caption to a table.

<body> <table border="1"> <caption>Monthly savings</caption> <tr> <th>Month</th> <th>Savings</th> </tr> <tr> <td>January</td> <td>$100</td> 46

</tr> <tr> <td>February</td> <td>$50</td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>

Monthly savings Month Savings January $100 February $50

Table cells that span more than one row/column How to define table cells that span more than one row or one column.

<html> <body> <h4>Cell that spans two columns:</h4> <table border="1"> <tr> <th>Name</th> <th colspan="2">Telephone</th> </tr> <tr> <td>Bill Gates</td> <td>555 77 854</td> <td>555 77 855</td> </tr> </table> <h4>Cell that spans two rows:</h4> <table border="1"> <tr> <th>First Name:</th> <td>Bill Gates</td> </tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">Telephone:</th> <td>555 77 854</td> </tr> <tr> <td>555 77 855</td> </tr> </table> </body> 47

</html> Cell that spans two columns: Name Telephone

Bill Gates 555 77 854 555 77 855

Cell that spans two rows: First Name: Bill Gates 555 77 854 Telephone: 555 77 855

Tags inside a table How to display elements inside other elements.

<html> <body> <table border="1"> <tr> <td> <p>This is a paragraph</p> <p>This is another paragraph</p> </td> <td>This cell contains a table: <table border="1"> <tr> <td>A</td> <td>B</td> </tr> <tr> <td>C</td> <td>D</td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>This cell contains a list <ul> <li>apples</li> <li>bananas</li> <li>pineapples</li> </ul> </td> 48

<td>HELLO</td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>

This is a paragraph

This cell contains a table: AB

This is another paragraph C D This cell contains a list

apples bananas pineapples

HELLO

Cell padding How to use cellpadding to create more white space between the cell content and its borders.

<html> <body> <h4>Without cellpadding:</h4> <table border="1"> <tr> <td>First</td> <td>Row</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Second</td> <td>Row</td> </tr> </table> <h4>With cellpadding:</h4> <table border="1" cellpadding="10"> <tr> <td>First</td> <td>Row</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Second</td> <td>Row</td> </tr> </table> </body> 49

</html> Without cellpadding: First Row

Second Row

With cellpadding: First Row

Second

Row

Cell spacing How to use cellspacing to increase the distance between the cells.

<html> <body> <h4>Without cellspacing:</h4> <table border="1"> <tr> <td>First</td> <td>Row</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Second</td> <td>Row</td> </tr> </table> <h4>With cellspacing:</h4> <table border="1" cellspacing="10"> <tr> <td>First</td> <td>Row</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Second</td> <td>Row</td> </tr> </table> </body> </html> 50

Without cellspacing: First Row

Second Row

With cellspacing: First Row

Second Row

The frame attribute How to use the "frame" attribute to control the borders around the table.

<html> <body> <p> <b>Note:</b> If you see no frames/borders around the tables below, your browser does not support the "frame" attribute. </p> <h4>With frame="border":</h4> <table frame="border"> <tr> <td>First</td> <td>Row</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Second</td> <td>Row</td> </tr> </table> <h4>With frame="box":</h4> <table frame="box"> <tr> <td>First</td> <td>Row</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Second</td> <td>Row</td> </tr> </table> 51

<h4>With frame="void":</h4> <table frame="void"> <tr> <td>First</td> <td>Row</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Second</td> <td>Row</td> </tr> </table> <h4>With frame="above":</h4> <table frame="above"> <tr> <td>First</td> <td>Row</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Second</td> <td>Row</td> </tr> </table> <h4>With frame="below":</h4> <table frame="below"> <tr> <td>First</td> <td>Row</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Second</td> <td>Row</td> </tr> </table> <h4>With frame="hsides":</h4> <table frame="hsides"> <tr> <td>First</td> <td>Row</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Second</td> <td>Row</td> </tr> </table> <h4>With frame="vsides":</h4> <table frame="vsides"> 52

<tr> <td>First</td> <td>Row</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Second</td> <td>Row</td> </tr> </table> <h4>With frame="lhs":</h4> <table frame="lhs"> <tr> <td>First</td> <td>Row</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Second</td> <td>Row</td> </tr> </table> <h4>With frame="rhs":</h4> <table frame="rhs"> <tr> <td>First</td> <td>Row</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Second</td> <td>Row</td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>

Note: If you see no frames/borders around the tables below, your browser does not support the "frame" attribute.
With frame="border": First Row

Second Row

With frame="box": First Row

Second Row

With frame="void": First Row

Second Row

With frame="above": First Row

Second Row

With frame="below": First Row

Second Row

With frame="hsides": First Row

Second Row

With frame="vsides": First Row

Second Row

With frame="lhs": First Row

Second Row

With frame="rhs": First Row

Second Row

HTML Table Tags

Tag <table> <th> <tr> <td> <caption> <colgroup> <col /> <thead> <tbody> <tfoot> Description Defines a table Defines a table header Defines a table row Defines a table cell Defines a table caption Defines a group of columns in a table, for formatting Defines attribute values for one or more columns in a table Groups the header content in a table Groups the body content in a table Groups the footer content in a table

HTML Lists
The most common HTML lists are ordered and unordered lists:

HTML Lists
An ordered list:
1. 2. 3. The first list item The second list item The third list item

An unordered list:

List item List item List item

Unordered list How to create an unordered list in an HTML document.

<html> <body> <h4>An Unordered List:</h4> <ul> <li>Coffee</li> <li>Tea</li> <li>Milk</li> </ul> </body> </html>

An Unordered List:

Coffee Tea Milk

Ordered list How to create an ordered list in an HTML document.

<html> <body> <h4>An Ordered List:</h4> <ol> <li>Coffee</li> <li>Tea</li> <li>Milk</li> </ol> </body> </html> An Ordered List: 1. Coffee 2. Tea 3. Milk

HTML Unordered Lists

An unordered list starts with the <ul> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag. The list items are marked with bullets (typically small black circles).

<ul> <li>Coffee</li> <li>Milk</li> </ul>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:

Coffee Milk

HTML Ordered Lists

An ordered list starts with the <ol> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag. The list items are marked with numbers.

<ol> <li>Coffee</li> <li>Milk</li> </ol>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser: 1. 2. Coffee Milk

HTML Definition Lists

A definition list is a list of items, with a description of each item. The <dl> tag defines a definition list. The <dl> tag is used in conjunction with <dt> (defines the item in the list) and <dd> (describes the item in the list):

<dl> <dt>Coffee</dt> <dd>- black hot drink</dd> <dt>Milk</dt> <dd>- white cold drink</dd> </dl>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser: Coffee Milk - black hot drink - white cold drink

Basic Notes - Useful Tips

Tip: Inside a list item you can put text, line breaks, images, links, other lists, etc.

Different types of ordered lists Demonstrates different types of ordered lists.

<html> <body> <h4>Numbered list:</h4> <ol> <li>Apples</li> <li>Bananas</li> <li>Lemons</li> <li>Oranges</li> </ol> <h4>Letters list:</h4> <ol type="A"> <li>Apples</li> <li>Bananas</li> <li>Lemons</li> <li>Oranges</li> </ol> <h4>Lowercase letters list:</h4> <ol type="a"> <li>Apples</li> <li>Bananas</li> <li>Lemons</li> <li>Oranges</li> </ol> <h4>Roman numbers list:</h4> <ol type="I"> <li>Apples</li> <li>Bananas</li> <li>Lemons</li> <li>Oranges</li> </ol> <h4>Lowercase Roman numbers list:</h4> <ol type="i"> <li>Apples</li> <li>Bananas</li> <li>Lemons</li> <li>Oranges</li> </ol> </body> </html>

Numbered list: 1. 2. 3. 4. Apples Bananas Lemons Oranges

Letters list: A. B. C. D. Apples Bananas Lemons Oranges

Lowercase letters list: a. b. c. d. Apples Bananas Lemons Oranges

Roman numbers list: I. II. III. IV. Apples Bananas Lemons Oranges

Lowercase Roman numbers list: i. ii. iii. iv. Apples Bananas Lemons Oranges

Different types of unordered lists Demonstrates different types of unordered lists.

<html> <body> <h4>Disc bullets list:</h4> <ul type="disc"> <li>Apples</li> <li>Bananas</li> <li>Lemons</li> <li>Oranges</li> </ul> <h4>Circle bullets list:</h4> <ul type="circle"> <li>Apples</li> <li>Bananas</li> <li>Lemons</li> <li>Oranges</li> </ul> <h4>Square bullets list:</h4> <ul type="square"> <li>Apples</li> <li>Bananas</li> <li>Lemons</li> <li>Oranges</li> </ul> </body> </html> Disc bullets list:

Apples Bananas Lemons Oranges

Circle bullets list:

o o o o

Apples Bananas Lemons Oranges

Square bullets list: Apples 60

Bananas Lemons Oranges

Nested list Demonstrates how you can nest lists.

<html> <body> <h4>A nested List:</h4> <ul> <li>Coffee</li> <li>Tea <ul> <li>Black tea</li> <li>Green tea</li> </ul> </li> <li>Milk</li> </ul> </body> </html> A nested List:

Coffee Tea
o o

Black tea Green tea

Milk

Nested list 2 Demonstrates a more complicated nested list.

<html> <body> <h4>A nested List:</h4> <ul> <li>Coffee</li> <li>Tea <ul> <li>Black tea</li> <li>Green tea <ul> <li>China</li> <li>Africa</li> </ul> </li> 61

</ul> </li> <li>Milk</li> </ul> </body> </html> A nested List:

Coffee Tea
o o

Black tea Green tea China Africa

Milk

Definition list Demonstrates a definition list.

<html> <body> <h4>A Definition List:</h4> <dl> <dt>Coffee</dt> <dd>Black hot drink</dd> <dt>Milk</dt> <dd>White cold drink</dd> </dl> </body> </html>

A Definition List: Coffee Black hot drink Milk White cold drink

HTML List Tags

Tag <ol> <ul> <li> <dl> <dt> <dd> Description Defines an ordered list Defines an unordered list Defines a list item Defines a definition list Defines an item in a definition list Defines a description of an item in a definition list

HTML Forms and Input

HTML Forms are used to select different kinds of user input.
Create text fields How to create text fields. The user can write text in a text field.

<html> <body> <form action=""> First name: <input type="text" name="firstname" /><br /> Last name: <input type="text" name="lastname" /> </form> <p><b>Note:</b> The form itself is not visible. Also note that the default width of a text field is 20 characters.</p> </body> </html>

First name: Last name: Note: The form itself is not visible. Also note that the default width of a text field is 20 characters.

Create password field How to create a password field.

<html> <body> <form action=""> Username: <input type="text" name="user" /><br /> Password: <input type="password" name="password" /> </form> <p><b>Note:</b> The characters in a password field are masked (shown as asterisks or circles).</p> </body> </html>

Username: Password: Note: The characters in a password field are masked (shown as asterisks or circles).
(You can find more examples at the bottom of this page)

HTML Forms
HTML forms are used to pass data to a server. A form can contain input elements like text fields, checkboxes, radio-buttons, submit buttons and more. A form can also contain select lists, textarea, fieldset, legend, and label elements. The <form> tag is used to create an HTML form:

<form> . input elements . </form>

HTML Forms - The Input Element

The most important form element is the input element. The input element is used to select user information. An input element can vary in many ways, depending on the type attribute. An input element can be of type text field, checkbox, password, radio button, submit button, and more. The most used input types are described below.

Text Fields
<input type="text" /> defines a one-line input field that a user can enter text into:

<form> First name: <input type="text" name="firstname" /><br /> Last name: <input type="text" name="lastname" /> </form>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:

First name: Last name: Note: The form itself is not visible. Also note that the default width of a text field is 20 characters.

Password Field
<input type="password" /> defines a password field:

<form> Password: <input type="password" name="pwd" /> </form>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:

Password: Note: The characters in a password field are masked (shown as asterisks or circles).

Radio Buttons
<input type="radio" /> defines a radio button. Radio buttons let a user select ONLY ONE one of a limited number of choices:

<form> <input type="radio" name="sex" value="male" /> Male<br /> <input type="radio" name="sex" value="female" /> Female </form>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:

Male Female

Checkboxes
<input type="checkbox" /> defines a checkbox. Checkboxes let a user select ONE or MORE options of a limited number of choices.

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:

I have a bike I have a car

Submit Button
<input type="submit" /> defines a submit button. A submit button is used to send form data to a server. The data is sent to the page specified in the form's action attribute. The file defined in the action attribute usually does something with the received input:

<form name="input" action="html_form_action.asp" method="get"> Username: <input type="text" name="user" /> <input type="submit" value="Submit" /> </form>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:

Submit

Username:

If you type some characters in the text field above, and click the "Submit" button, the browser will send your input to a page called "html_form_action.asp". The page will show you the received input.

Radio buttons How to create radio buttons.

<html> <body> <form action=""> <input type="radio" name="sex" value="male" /> Male<br /> <input type="radio" name="sex" value="female" /> Female </form> <p><b>Note:</b> When a user clicks on a radio-button, it becomes checked, and all other radio-buttons with equal name become unchecked.</p> </body> </html>

Male Female Note: When a user clicks on a radio-button, it becomes checked, and all other radio-buttons with equal name become unchecked.
Checkboxes How to create checkboxes. A user can select or unselect a checkbox.

I have a bike I have a car

Simple drop-down list How to create a simple drop-down list.

<html> <body> <form action=""> <select name="cars"> <option value="volvo">Volvo</option> <option value="saab">Saab</option> <option value="fiat">Fiat</option> <option value="audi">Audi</option> </select> </form> </body> </html>
Volvo

Drop-down list with a pre-selected value How to create a drop-down list with a pre-selected value.

<html> <body> <form action=""> <select name="cars"> <option value="volvo">Volvo</option> <option value="saab">Saab</option> <option value="fiat" selected="selected">Fiat</option> <option value="audi">Audi</option> </select> </form> </body> </html>
Fiat

Textarea How to create a multi-line text input control. In a text-area the user can write an unlimited number of characters.

<html> <body> <p> This example cannot be edited because our editor uses a textarea for input, and your browser does not allow a textarea inside a textarea. </p> <textarea rows=10 cols=30> The cat was playing in the garden. </textarea> </body> </html>

This example cannot be edited because our editor uses a textarea for input, and your browser does not allow a textarea inside a textarea.
The cat w as playing in the gard

Create a button How to create a button.

Fieldset around form-data How to create a border around elements in a form.

<html> <body> <form action=""> <fieldset> <legend>Personal information:</legend> Name: <input type="text" size="30" /><br /> E-mail: <input type="text" size="30" /><br /> Date of birth: <input type="text" size="10" /> </fieldset> </form> </body> </html>

Personal information:Name: E-mail: Date of birth:

Form with text fields and a submit button How to create a form with two text fields and a submit button.

<html> <body> <form name="input" action="html_form_action.asp" method="get"> First name: <input type="text" name="FirstName" value="Mickey" /><br /> Last name: <input type="text" name="LastName" value="Mouse" /><br /> <input type="submit" value="Submit" /> </form> <p>If you click the "Submit" button, the form-data will be sent to a page called "html_form_action.asp".</p> </body> </html>

First name: Last name:

Submit

Mickey Mouse

If you click the "Submit" button, the form-data will be sent to a page called "html_form_action.asp".
Form with checkboxes How to create a form with two checkboxes and a submit button.

<html> <body> <form name="input" action="html_form_action.asp" method="get"> <input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Bike" /> I have a bike<br /> <input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Car" /> I have a car <br /><br /> <input type="submit" value="Submit" /> </form> <p>If you click the "Submit" button, the form-data will be sent to a page called "html_form_action.asp".</p> </body> </html>

I have a bike I have a car

Submit

If you click the "Submit" button, the form-data will be sent to a page called "html_form_action.asp".

Form with radio buttons How to create a form with two radio buttons, and a submit button.

<html> <body> <form name="input" action="html_form_action.asp" method="get"> <input type="radio" name="sex" value="male" /> Male<br /> <input type="radio" name="sex" value="female" /> Female<br /> <input type="submit" value="Submit" /> </form> <p>If you click the "Submit" button, the form-data will be sent to a page called "html_form_action.asp".</p> </body> </html> 71

Male Female
Submit

If you click the "Submit" button, the form-data will be sent to a page called "html_form_action.asp".
Send e-mail from a form How to send e-mail from a form.

<html> <body> <h3>Send e-mail to [email protected]:</h3> <form action="MAILTO:[email protected]" method="post" enctype="text/plain"> Name:<br /> <input type="text" name="name" value="your name" /><br /> E-mail:<br /> <input type="text" name="mail" value="your email" /><br /> Comment:<br /> <input type="text" name="comment" value="your comment" size="50" /> <br /><br /> <input type="submit" value="Send"> <input type="reset" value="Reset"> </form> </body> </html>

Send e-mail to [email protected]: Name:

your name

E-mail:
your email

Comment:
your comment

Send

Reset

HTML Form Tags

Tag <form> <input /> <textarea> <label> <fieldset> <legend> <select> <optgroup> <option> <button> Description Defines an HTML form for user input Defines an input control Defines a multi-line text input control Defines a label for an input element Defines a border around elements in a form Defines a caption for a fieldset element Defines a select list (drop-down list) Defines a group of related options in a select list Defines an option in a select list Defines a push button

HTML Frames
With frames, several Web pages can be displayed in the same browser window. ATTENTION. Do not expect frames to be supported in future versions of HTML.
Vertical frameset How to make a vertical frameset with three different documents.

Horizontal frameset How to make a horizontal frameset with three different documents.

<html> <frameset rows="25%,50%,25%"> <frame src="frame_a.htm" /> <frame src="frame_b.htm" /> <frame src="frame_c.htm" /> </frameset> </html>
(You can find more examples at the bottom of this page)

HTML Frames
With frames, you can display more than one HTML document in the same browser window. Each HTML document is called a frame, and each frame is independent of the others. The disadvantages of using frames are:

Frames are not expected to be supported in future versions of HTML Frames are difficult to use. (Printing the entire page is difficult). The web developer must keep track of more HTML documents

The HTML frameset Element

The frameset element holds one or more frame elements. Each frame element can hold a separate document. The frameset element states HOW MANY columns or rows there will be in the frameset, and HOW MUCH percentage/pixels of space will occupy each of them.

The HTML frame Element

The <frame> tag defines one particular window (frame) within a frameset. In the example below we have a frameset with two columns. The first column is set to 25% of the width of the browser window. The second column is set to 75% of the width of the browser window. The document "frame_a.htm" is put into the first column, and the document "frame_b.htm" is put into the second column:

<frameset cols="25%,75%"> <frame src="frame_a.htm" /> <frame src="frame_b.htm" /> </frameset>

Note: The frameset column size can also be set in pixels (cols="200,500"), and one of the columns can be set to use the remaining space, with an asterisk (cols="25%,*").

Basic Notes - Useful Tips

Tip: If a frame has visible borders, the user can resize it by dragging the border. To prevent a user from doing this, you can add noresize="noresize" to the <frame> tag. Note: Add the <noframes> tag for browsers that do not support frames. Important: You cannot use the <body></body> tags together with the <frameset></frameset> tags! However, if you add a <noframes> tag containing some text for browsers that do not support frames, you will have to enclose the text in <body></body> tags! See how it is done in the first example below.

How to use the <noframes> tag How to use the <noframes> tag (for browsers that do not support frames).

<html> <frameset cols="25%,50%,25%"> <frame src="frame_a.htm" /> <frame src="frame_b.htm" /> <frame src="frame_c.htm" /> <noframes> <body>Your browser does not handle frames!</body> </noframes> </frameset> </html>

Nested framesets How to create a frameset with three documents, and how to mix them in rows and columns.

<html> <frameset rows="50%,50%"> <frame src="frame_a.htm" /> <frameset cols="25%,75%"> <frame src="frame_b.htm" /> <frame src="frame_c.htm" /> </frameset> </frameset> </html> 75

Frameset with noresize="noresize" How to use the noresize attribute. Move the mouse over the borders between the frames and notice that you cannot move the borders.

<html> <frameset rows="50%,50%"> <frame noresize="noresize" src="frame_a.htm" /> <frame noresize="noresize" src="frame_b.htm" /> </frameset> </html>
Navigation frame How to make a navigation frame. The navigation frame contains a list of links with the second frame as the target. The file called "tryhtml_contents.htm" contains three links. The source code of the links: <a href ="frame_a.htm" target ="showframe">Frame a</a><br> <a href ="frame_b.htm" target ="showframe">Frame b</a><br> <a href ="frame_c.htm" target ="showframe">Frame c</a> The second frame will show the linked document.

<html> <frameset cols="120,*"> <frame src="tryhtml_contents.htm" /> <frame src="frame_a.htm" name="showframe" /> </frameset> </html>
Jump to a specified section within a frame Two frames. One of the frames has a source to a specified section in a file. The specified section is made with <a name="C10"> in the "link.htm" file.

Jump to a specified section with frame navigation Two frames. The navigation frame (content.htm) to the left contains a list of links with the second frame (link.htm) as a target. The second frame shows the linked document. One of the links in the navigation frame is linked to a specified section in the target file. The HTML code in the file "content.htm" looks like this: <a href ="link.htm" target ="showframe">Link without Anchor</a><br><a href ="link.htm#C10" target ="showframe">Link with Anchor</a>.

HTML Frame Tags

Tag <frameset> <frame /> <noframes> Description Defines a set of frames Defines a sub window (a frame) Defines a noframe section for browsers that do not handle frames

HTML Iframes
An iframe is used to display a web page within a web page.
Syntax for adding an iframe:

The URL points to the location of the separate page.

Iframe - Set Height and Width

The height and width attributes are used to specify the height and width of the iframe. The attribute values are specified in pixels by default, but they can also be in percent (like "80%").

Example
<iframe src="demo_iframe.htm" width="200" height="200"></iframe>

Iframe - Remove the Border

The frameborder attribute specifies whether or not to display a border around the iframe. Set the attribute value to "0" to remove the border:

Example
<iframe src="demo_iframe.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe>

Use iframe as a Target for a Link

An iframe can be used as the target frame for a link. The target attribute of a link must refer to the name attribute of the iframe:

Example
<iframe src="demo_iframe.htm" name="iframe_a"></iframe> <p><a href="http://www.w3schools.com" target="iframe_a">W3Schools.com</a></p>

HTML iframe Tag

Tag <iframe> Description Defines an inline sub window (frame)

HTML Colors
Colors are displayed combining RED, GREEN, and BLUE light.

Color Values
HTML colors are defined using a hexadecimal notation (HEX) for the combination of Red, Green, and Blue color values (RGB). The lowest value that can be given to one of the light sources is 0 (in HEX: 00). The highest value is 255 (in HEX: FF). HEX values are specified as 3 pairs of two-digit numbers, starting with a # sign.

Color Values
Color Color HEX #000000 #FF0000 #00FF00 #0000FF #FFFF00 #00FFFF #FF00FF #C0C0C0 #FFFFFF Color RGB rgb(0,0,0) rgb(255,0,0) rgb(0,255,0) rgb(0,0,255) rgb(255,255,0) rgb(0,255,255) rgb(255,0,255) rgb(192,192,192) rgb(255,255,255)

Try it yourself

16 Million Different Colors

The combination of Red, Green, and Blue values from 0 to 255, gives more than 16 million different colors (256 x 256 x 256). If you look at the color table below, you will see the result of varying the red light from 0 to 255, while keeping the green and blue light at zero.

To see the full list of color mixes when RED varies from 0 to 255, click on one of the HEX or RGB values below.

Red Light

Color HEX #000000 #080000 #100000 #180000 #200000 #280000 #300000 #380000 #400000 #480000 #500000 #580000 #600000 #680000 #700000 #780000 #800000 #880000 #900000 #980000 rgb(0,0,0) rgb(8,0,0) rgb(16,0,0) rgb(24,0,0) rgb(32,0,0) rgb(40,0,0) rgb(48,0,0) rgb(56,0,0) rgb(64,0,0) rgb(72,0,0) rgb(80,0,0) rgb(88,0,0) rgb(96,0,0)

Color RGB

rgb(104,0,0) rgb(112,0,0) rgb(120,0,0) rgb(128,0,0) rgb(136,0,0) rgb(144,0,0) rgb(152,0,0)

#A00000 #A80000 #B00000 #B80000 #C00000 #C80000 #D00000 #D80000 #E00000 #E80000 #F00000 #F80000 #FF0000

rgb(160,0,0) rgb(168,0,0) rgb(176,0,0) rgb(184,0,0) rgb(192,0,0) rgb(200,0,0) rgb(208,0,0) rgb(216,0,0) rgb(224,0,0) rgb(232,0,0) rgb(240,0,0) rgb(248,0,0) rgb(255,0,0)

Shades of Gray
Gray colors are created by using an equal amount of power to all of the light sources. To make it easier for you to select the correct shade, we have created a table of gray shades for you: Gray Shades Color HEX #000000 #080808 #101010 #181818 #202020 #282828 Color RGB rgb(0,0,0) rgb(8,8,8) rgb(16,16,16) rgb(24,24,24) rgb(32,32,32) rgb(40,40,40)

#303030 #383838 #404040 #484848 #505050 #585858 #606060 #686868 #707070 #787878 #808080 #888888 #909090 #989898 #A0A0A0 #A8A8A8 #B0B0B0 #B8B8B8 #C0C0C0 #C8C8C8 #D0D0D0 #D8D8D8 #E0E0E0 #E8E8E8

rgb(48,48,48) rgb(56,56,56) rgb(64,64,64) rgb(72,72,72) rgb(80,80,80) rgb(88,88,88) rgb(96,96,96) rgb(104,104,104) rgb(112,112,112) rgb(120,120,120) rgb(128,128,128) rgb(136,136,136) rgb(144,144,144) rgb(152,152,152) rgb(160,160,160) rgb(168,168,168) rgb(176,176,176) rgb(184,184,184) rgb(192,192,192) rgb(200,200,200) rgb(208,208,208) rgb(216,216,216) rgb(224,224,224) rgb(232,232,232)

#F0F0F0 #F8F8F8 #FFFFFF

rgb(240,240,240) rgb(248,248,248) rgb(255,255,255)

Web Safe Colors?

Some years ago, when computers supported max 256 different colors, a list of 216 "Web Safe Colors" was suggested as a Web standard, reserving 40 fixed system colors. The 216 cross-browser color palette was created to ensure that all computers would display the colors correctly when running a 256 color palette. This is not important today, since most computers can display millions of different colors. Anyway, here is the list: 000000 003300 006600 009900 00CC00 00FF00 330000 333300 336600 339900 33CC00 33FF00 660000 663300 666600 000033 003333 006633 009933 00CC33 00FF33 330033 333333 336633 339933 33CC33 33FF33 660033 663333 666633 000066 003366 006666 009966 00CC66 00FF66 330066 333366 336666 339966 33CC66 33FF66 660066 663366 666666 000099 003399 006699 009999 00CC99 00FF99 330099 333399 336699 339999 33CC99 33FF99 660099 663399 666699 0000CC 0033CC 0066CC 0099CC 00CCCC 00FFCC 3300CC 3333CC 3366CC 3399CC 33CCCC 33FFCC 6600CC 6633CC 6666CC 0000FF 0033FF 0066FF 0099FF 00CCFF 00FFFF 3300FF 3333FF 3366FF 3399FF 33CCFF 33FFFF 6600FF 6633FF 6666FF

669900 66CC00 66FF00 990000 993300 996600 999900 99CC00 99FF00 CC0000 CC3300 CC6600 CC9900 CCCC00 CCFF00 FF0000 FF3300 FF6600 FF9900 FFCC00 FFFF00

669933 66CC33 66FF33 990033 993333 996633 999933 99CC33 99FF33 CC0033 CC3333 CC6633 CC9933 CCCC33 CCFF33 FF0033 FF3333 FF6633 FF9933 FFCC33 FFFF33

669966 66CC66 66FF66 990066 993366 996666 999966 99CC66 99FF66 CC0066 CC3366 CC6666 CC9966 CCCC66 CCFF66 FF0066 FF3366 FF6666 FF9966 FFCC66 FFFF66

669999 66CC99 66FF99 990099 993399 996699 999999 99CC99 99FF99 CC0099 CC3399 CC6699 CC9999 CCCC99 CCFF99 FF0099 FF3399 FF6699 FF9999 FFCC99 FFFF99

6699CC 66CCCC 66FFCC 9900CC 9933CC 9966CC 9999CC 99CCCC 99FFCC CC00CC CC33CC CC66CC CC99CC CCCCCC CCFFCC FF00CC FF33CC FF66CC FF99CC FFCCCC FFFFCC

6699FF 66CCFF 66FFFF 9900FF 9933FF 9966FF 9999FF 99CCFF 99FFFF CC00FF CC33FF CC66FF CC99FF CCCCFF CCFFFF FF00FF FF33FF FF66FF FF99FF FFCCFF FFFFFF

HTML Color Names

Color Names Supported by All Browsers
147 color names are defined in the HTML and CSS color specification (17 standard colors plus 130 more). The table below lists them all, along with their hexadecimal values. Tip: The 17 standard colors are: aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, grey, green, lime, maroon, navy, olive, purple, red, silver, teal, white, and yellow. Click on a color name (or a hex value) to view the color as the background-color along with different text colors:

Sorted by Color Name

Same list sorted by hex values Color Name AliceBlue AntiqueWhite Aqua Aquamarine Azure Beige Bisque Black BlanchedAlmond Blue BlueViolet Brown BurlyWood CadetBlue HEX #F0F8FF #FAEBD7 #00FFFF #7FFFD4 #F0FFFF #F5F5DC #FFE4C4 #000000 #FFEBCD #0000FF #8A2BE2 #A52A2A #DEB887 #5F9EA0 Color Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix

Chartreuse Chocolate Coral CornflowerBlue Cornsilk Crimson Cyan DarkBlue DarkCyan DarkGoldenRod DarkGray DarkGrey DarkGreen DarkKhaki DarkMagenta DarkOliveGreen Darkorange DarkOrchid DarkRed DarkSalmon DarkSeaGreen DarkSlateBlue DarkSlateGray

#7FFF00 #D2691E #FF7F50 #6495ED #FFF8DC #DC143C #00FFFF #00008B #008B8B #B8860B #A9A9A9 #A9A9A9 #006400 #BDB76B #8B008B #556B2F #FF8C00 #9932CC #8B0000 #E9967A #8FBC8F #483D8B #2F4F4F