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Kernel:: Open Source

The kernel is the central and essential component of an operating system. It loads first and remains in memory, managing processes, memory, disks and providing services to other OS components and applications. The kernel aims to be small but provide these core functions. Open source describes software practices that promote access to source code, allowing modification and redistribution. It enables diverse and interactive communities. Open source became popular with the rise of the internet and now open source software is a prominent model, in contrast to centralized commercial models. Squid is an internet proxy server that distributes a single internet connection to multiple computers on a network. It runs on a central computer, acts as a firewall, and can log user actions like URLs visited

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26 views

Kernel:: Open Source

The kernel is the central and essential component of an operating system. It loads first and remains in memory, managing processes, memory, disks and providing services to other OS components and applications. The kernel aims to be small but provide these core functions. Open source describes software practices that promote access to source code, allowing modification and redistribution. It enables diverse and interactive communities. Open source became popular with the rise of the internet and now open source software is a prominent model, in contrast to centralized commercial models. Squid is an internet proxy server that distributes a single internet connection to multiple computers on a network. It runs on a central computer, acts as a firewall, and can log user actions like URLs visited

Uploaded by

lucky_4u15
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Kernel:

The central module of an operating system. It is the part of the operating system that loads first, and it remains in main memory. Because it stays in memory, it is important for the kernel to be as small as possible while still providing all the essential services required by other parts of the operating system and applications. Typically, the kernel is responsible for memory management, process and task management, and disk management.

Open Source:
Open source describes practices in production and development that promote access to the end product's source materialstypically, their source code allowing users to create user-generated software content. Some consider it as a philosophy, and others consider it as a pragmatic methodology. Before open source became widely adopted, developers and producers used a variety of phrases to describe the concept; the term open source gained popularity with the rise of the Internet and its enabling of diverse production models, communication paths, and interactive communities.[1] Subsequently, open source software became the most prominent face of open source practices. The open source model can allow for the concurrent use of different agendas and approaches in production, in contrast with more centralized models of development such as those typically used in commercial software companies. [2] "Open source" as applied to culture defines a culture in which fixations are made generally available. Participants in such a culture are able to modify those products and redistribute them back into the community.

Squid Command:
The utility squid is an internet proxy server that can be used within a network to distribute an internet connection to all the computers within the network. One central computer is connected to the internet through any means such as dial-up, cable modem, ISDN, DSL, or T1, runs squid, and thus acts as the firewall to the internet. Because it is a proxy, it has the capabilities to log all user actions such as the URLs visited. There are many features that can be configured in squid. This guide is meant to be a quick start guide for those who are eager to get squid working and then configure it from there.

Squid Configuration
Squid uses the configuration file squid.conf. It is usually located in the directory. Access through the proxy can be given by individual IP addresses or by a subnet of IP addresses. In squid.conf search for the default access control lists(acl) and add the following line below them:
/etc/squid acl mynetwork src 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0 (for subnet) acl mynetwork src 192.168.1.10/255.255.255.0 (for individual IP)

Then add the access control list named "mynetwork" to the http_access list with the following line:
http_access allow mynetwork

The default port for the proxy is 3128. Uncomment the following line and replace 3128 with the desired port :
http_port 3128

Starting, stopping, and restarting squid


Start squid Stop squid

Assuming you have the runlevel scripts installed you can use the following commands as root:
/etc/rc.d/init.d/squid start

Restart squid /etc/rc.d/init.d/squid restart


/etc/rc.d/init.d/squid stop

or issue the following TWO commands as root:


squid -z squid

or configure squid to start at boot time using your runlevels.

Configuring squid Clients

To configure any application including a web browser to use squid, modify the proxy setting with the IP address of the squid server and the port number (default 3128).

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