Name: _____________________________________________________ Period: _______ Date: ___________

Section 1 How do the concepts of speed and distance, and velocity and displacement relate to each other? Equations relate things to each other Example:

Rewrite this expressed as symbols:

This unit will focus on how objects move in straight lines (forward and backward). _________________ is the branch of physics that describes ____________________. _________________ describes ______________________. Scalar vs. Vector Scalars represent magnitudes only (number and unit). o How many slices of pizza did you eat? o How many steps are in front of the building? o The answer to these questions is a scalar quantity. ****no direction **** Vectors represent a magnitude and a direction. I walked 14 paces North. o The magnitude in this case is __________________. o The direction is ___________________. More Vocab: (It is very important that you look at the wording of problems) Distance (scalar) a measurement of space between two objects. (ex. 5m) Displacement (vector) how far from where we started. (ex. 5m, east) Speed (scalar) how fast something is moving. (ex. 25 m/s) Velocity (vector) how fast we are moving in a direction. (ex. 25 m/s. south) Problem set #1: Are the following scalars or vectors? 1. 4 meters east ____________ 2. The object was 4 meters ____________ 3. I had 6 donuts ____________ 4. I ran 6 miles west of the river ____________ Adding Scalars:Calculating with scalars is much simpler Scalar equation looks like vector But be careful. Ex.1a Joan walks four blocks, turns around, and walks two blocks. She walks for 90 seconds. What distance did Joan walk?

Ex.1b Joan walks four blocks, turns around, and walks two blocks. She walks for 90 seconds. What speed did Joan walk? Adding Vectors: more complicated since they include a direction component __________________ matters when adding vectors You must turn the direction into a sign in front of the number that you will include for calculation purposes Later, when you have your final answer you will take the sign and make it a direction again Use the diagram to the right as a general guide The x axis can only be added or subtracted from other x axis vectors The y axis can only be added or subtracted from other y axis vectors XY Quadrants

Simple adding vectors example: Ex 2. A man goes east 2 km and then west 1 km, what was his displacement? 2 km east becomes a d1 of +2 km 1 km west becomes a d2 of -1 km Since east and west are along the same axis we can now add the two vectors but include their sign (d1 + d2). Do this here:

Now convert the final sign back into a direction and write a final answer with a magnitude and direction: ___________________________

Problem Set #2: 1. A dog walks 50 m east and then 23 m west. What is its displacement? 2. A bird has flown 850 km south for the winter when he realizes he as to go back because it is still summer. After traveling 320 km north, what is the birds displacement? 3. Mr. Holden starts pacing the room. He goes 3 meters north, 4 meters south, 5 meters north, then 1 meter south. What is his displacement?

v is velocity .. (mks unit m/s) d is displacement ... (mks unit m) t is time .................. (mks unit s)

df is final displacement do is initial displacement tf is final time to is initial time **********The most important process to be successful at physics********** When solving a problem: 1. List the given information in a table 2. Identify the unknown. 3. Use the equation that contains the unknown, the given information, and no other variables. 4. Substitute. 5. Solve. 6. Include units on final answers.

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Ex3A. Joan walks four blocks east, then turns around and walks two blocks west. Joan walks for three minutes. What is Joans displacement from start to finish?

Ex3B. Joan walks four blocks east, then turns around and walks two blocks west. Joan walks for three minutes. What is Joans average velocity?

Ex3C. Joan walks four blocks east, then turns around and walks two blocks west. Joan walks for three minutes. What is Joans average velocity if she walks an additional two blocks west?

Ex4. If a car travels 500 m North and 250 m South in 1 minute, what is its: A. Distance traveled? B. Displacement? C. Speed? D. Velocity?

Ex. 5 If one car travels 100 m east for 5 seconds and another car travels 80m west for 4 seconds. What is the velocity of each car?

Average vs. Instantaneous Velocity Average velocity describes the objects velocity over a period of time. Instantaneous velocity describes the objects velocity at one instant in time. What would a cars speedometer read? ______________________________ Constant Velocity: ___________________________________________________________________________ Constant velocity means a= 0 m/s2 Problem Set #3 1. What is a scalar? 2. What is a vector? 3. What are two examples of scalars? 4. What are two examples of vectors? Section 2: How do you apply the concept of acceleration to describing an objects motion? Acceleration describes how an objects velocity changes with respect to time. What is deceleration? Can a car move forward without accelerating? Can a car move backward without accelerating? Can a car move forward and accelerate? Can a car move backward and accelerate? Can a car move forward and decelerate? Can a car move forward and accelerate?

Average acceleration equals the change in velocity divided by time.

write out the equation Multiple use form:

Acceleration is when an object is changing its velocity Positive acceleration (commonly just called acceleration) is when it is changing its velocity in the same direction as travel. The sign for velocity and acceleration are the same. +v, +a or -v, -a Negative acceleration (commonly just called deceleration) is when it is changing its velocity in the opposite direction as travel. The sign for velocity and acceleration are the opposite. +v, -a or -v, +a

Questions: A. An object is traveling 50 m/s east with an acceleration of 20 m/s2 west. Is it accelerating or decelerating? B. An object is traveling 50 m/s north with an acceleration of 20 m/s2 north. Is it accelerating or decelerating? C. What are 3 things in your car that can cause acceleration?

Problem Set #4What does the following ask for or tell us about any of our variables? 1. How fast was it going? 2. How fast will it go? 3. Object starts at rest? 4. Object slows down? 5. Object comes to a stop?

Ex5: A car accelerates from a traffic light and increases its velocity form 0m/s to 20m/s in 5 seconds. What is its acceleration?

Ex6: The same car then travels for 10 seconds at a constant velocity of 20m/s. What is its average acceleration over that ten second period?

Ex7: The same car then travels for 10 seconds at a constant velocity of 20m/s. What is its average acceleration over that ten second period? What is the average acceleration over the entire 15 seconds?

Ex8: Finally, the car decelerates at 0.5m/s2. How long will it take for the car to come to a complete stop?

Section 3: How do I apply the equations for constant acceleration to problem solving?

Uniform Acceleration Equations vf= vo= a= d= t= ( )

Ex9. A car accelerates from rest to a final speed of 40m/s in 100m. What is the cars acceleration?

Ex9B. A car accelerates from rest to a final speed of 40m/s in 100m. How much time did it take?

Ex. 10A A car traveling at 25m/s accelerates at 5m/s2 for 5 seconds. How far does the car travel?

Ex. 10B A car traveling at 25m/s accelerates at 5m/s2 for 5 seconds. What is its final velocity?

Section 4: 1D Motion and Graphing What is rate?

How do you determine the rate on this Position-Time Graph?

constant forward motion

constant backward motion

Draw Position

Time Graphs for the following

constant acceleration

constant deceleration

sitting still

constant forward motion

constant backward motion

Draw Velocity Time Graphs for the following

constant acceleration constant deceleration sitting still

Ex1. What type of graph do you have here? ___________________ What does the slope of this graph tell us? __________________ A) At t= 17s, what is the speed of this object?

B) At t= 8s, what is the speed of this object?

Ex2. What type of graph do you have here? ___________________ What does the slope of this graph tell us? __________________ A) Determine the distance traveled in the BC interval.

B) What is the acceleration in the CD interval?

Problem Set #5

Section 5: Gravity and Vertical Motion Gravity is a force that causes objects to accelerate toward the Earth at 9.8m/s2. We can round this number to 10m/s2. The acceleration due to gravity g=____________________ or _______________________________. Objects that fall only under the influence of gravity as said to _________________________________.

Ex.If we were on the empire state building and dropped off a human, a dump truck, and a golf ball. Which would hit the ground first? Why? With Air Resistance Without Air Resistance

What is the acceleration due to gravity without air resistance? ________________ This is also stated as being in a _____________________ Sketch a P-T and V-T graph for an object thrown upwards under the influence of gravity and falls back to Earth.

Rewrite the acceleration equations for constant acceleration for the specific case of freefall

Ex. Complete the Following table for a balls velocity when dropped from rest. Free Fall of Ball Dropped From Rest (assuming g =10 m/s2) Velocity (m/s) Distance (m)

Time (s) 1 2 3 4 5 6 d = vot + ( gt2)

If vo = 0 (dropped from rest) then d = ( gt2)

Ex.What would the distance fallen be at 7 seconds when dropped from rest?

Facts about a ball tossed straight in the air 1.

2.

3.

Problem Set #6 1. A ball is thrown up at 15 m/s, what is its acceleration at the top of its flight path? _________________________ 2. A ball is thrown up at 15 m/s, what is its velocity at the top of its flight path? _____________________________ 3. A ball is thrown up at 15 m/s, what is its velocity when it lands? ________________________________________

4. A ball is thrown up and takes 4.6s to land. How long did it take to reach the top of its flight path?

Ex.1A How fast will a ball travel just prior to impact with the ground if it freefalls for 5 seconds?

Ex. 1B How long would it take to hit the ground if it was thrown up at 50 m/s?

Ex. 1C What is its velocity when it comes back to the same height from which it was thrown?

Ex. 1D Which direction does the acceleration point during the flight? _______________________ Ex. 2 How far does a ball fall as it falls for 3 seconds from rest? Sketch a drawing representing the motion of the ball for this 3 seconds.