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Control Lab Experiment 2

This document summarizes an experiment on open and closed-loop control systems. The objectives are to investigate the principles and differences between open and closed-loop control. In open-loop control, there is no feedback to correct the output, while closed-loop control uses feedback to influence the input based on the sensed output. The experiment involves measuring gains in an open-loop system and regulation error in a closed-loop system. Results show that one block saturates first in open-loop control and regulation error decreases with increasing closed-loop gain.

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AnasElgaood
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153 views

Control Lab Experiment 2

This document summarizes an experiment on open and closed-loop control systems. The objectives are to investigate the principles and differences between open and closed-loop control. In open-loop control, there is no feedback to correct the output, while closed-loop control uses feedback to influence the input based on the sensed output. The experiment involves measuring gains in an open-loop system and regulation error in a closed-loop system. Results show that one block saturates first in open-loop control and regulation error decreases with increasing closed-loop gain.

Uploaded by

AnasElgaood
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EE491 Ex2; Open and Closed-loop Control, Wednesday group

93671 -

Objectives:
The object of this experiment is to investigate the principles of open and closed-loop control systems. Along with the advantages of an automatic feedback control approach. Finally, the relationship between the error and the system transfer function.

Theory:
* The structures are fundamentally different: In an open-loop control, the system does NOT measure the actual output and there is no correction to make that output conform to the desired output. In a closed loop control the system includes a sensor to measure the output and uses feedback of the sensed value to influence the control input variable. * Pros and Cons of Open-loop control Generally simpler than closed-loop control, Does not require a sensor to measure the output, Does not, of itself, introduce stability problems; BUT Has lower performance than closed-loop to match the desired output well.
* Problems with Feedback Control (Closed-loop control)

More complex than open-loop control May have steady state error May cause stability problems

*Advantages of Feedback Control System with well designed feedback control can respond to unforeseen events. Eliminates need for human adjustment of control variable Reduces human workload Gives much better performance than it is possible with open-loop Experimental work Required apparatus: 1- Process simulator B3510-D 2- Process controller B3510-E 3- DC power supply 4- Oscilloscope 5- Function generator

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Experiment #2: open-loop and closed loop control of linear systems

EE491 Ex2; Open and Closed-loop Control, Wednesday group

93671 -

Procedure:

Task (1) open loop control of linear systems

1- we connected the open-loop system representing the block diagram given in the experiment with input reference set to an apt value. We chose approximately 1 v. 2- we exploited the linearity condition between the terms to calculate the separate gains (G A, GB, GC) to measure the total gain of GAGBGC, which should equal GT that represents C6/A1) [the following table shows the results of the measurements] 3-we repeated the previous measurements at A1= 2v, 3v, 4v, and 5v. 4-From the results we should determine which block saturates first (reaches a final value and exhibits little or no change)

A1/v

1 2 3 4 5

GA=A4/A1 -0.976 -0.975 -0.979 -0.975 -0.974

GB=B2/B1 -4.77 -4.78 -4.37 -3.27 -2.636

GC=C6/C1 0.938 0.939 0.938 0.939 0.937

GAGBGC 4.366 4.3766 3.99 2.99 2.4

GT=C6/A1 4.37 4.371 4 3 2.4

We notice that actually GA and GC were practically fixed. GB saturated first though. Saturation happens when a value of a blocks output doesnt change even if we increase the input. After it saturates the value decreases because it enters a non-linear region. Open control systems are blind systems because there is no feedback. Here, the output doesnt follow a reference because there are no means for that. Thats a major disadvantage of open-loop control systems.

Task (2) Regulation error

For a negative feedback control system the error can be calculated as E = U I =

We set the sine-wave 2Vpp to at 1KHz. Then connected the block diagram presented. The result is shown on the OSC we used 4 different setting of gain knob, recorded the results as follows. We found some difficulties at first the connection is confusing. But we managed to observe mild changes in the OSC plot. Recorded in the following table:

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Experiment #2: open-loop and closed loop control of linear systems

EE491 Ex2; Open and Closed-loop Control, Wednesday group

93671 -

Gain Setting 1 2 3 4

E=UI 0.56 0.36 0.25 0.24

Comment/conclusion:

Increasing the gain might appear as a good method, but for all we know it might affect the whole system and make the poles go into destabilizing the system (by pushing the roots to the RHP of the axes). Therefore it should be taken into account that the gain value has a certain range. Particularly in this experiment we were introduced to the concepts of open and closed-loop systems and their advantages and disadvantages. We also calculated values of gain in open-loop system by two methods (GT) and their product (GAGBGC) and found them equal. We concluded which value saturates first (GB) as it reaches a nonlinear region. All in all I mentioned the points in general about open/closed-loop systems above. I, at home not in the laboratory, took the time to try the computer simulation for the linear system representation to convert between state-space representation and linear system representation. Using the functions sys1=tf(ss(A,B,C,D)) with A through D as the matrices/vectors that represent a state space model. Also the function sys2zpk for the zeros and poles. Finally sys3=ss for the state-space model. I tried the Simulink simulation and used various state-space models to represent multiple responses and observed them as we change the values in the matrices/vectors of A, B, C and D in the representation. Irrelevant to the practical work?

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Experiment #2: open-loop and closed loop control of linear systems

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