UNIX UTILITIES

MAIL APPLICATION:------

mail ID -s "Subject" /* hit enter to write the content */L lkajfdlkasjf

and press crtl + d -> to make CC and hit enter to send.

$mail sabarina -cc sarada </tmp/procs.sh $mail sabarina </tmp/procs.sh

COMMONLY USED COMMANDS AND OPTIONS ON UW UNIFORM ACCESS UNIX COMPUTERS.

The following format is used for commands: Italic indicates a variable that you supply Bold indicates exactly what you type To display a command description from the Unix Manual: man command

Command alias ansiprint assets bg cat cd To remove an alias:

Action Creates a temporary name for a Unix command. Prints a file to a printer connected to your computer. Displays your account resources, use, and threshold. Places a suspended job in the background. Displays a specified file. Changes current directory to a different directory. To change back to your home directory: Directory abbreviations: ~ Home directory .. Parent directory . Current working directory cat file

Example alias name command unalias name ansiprint file

cd directory cd

chmod

Changes permission status for a file or directory. To keep a file private: To give everyone read permission:

chmod code file chmod code directory chmod 600 file chmod 664 file compress file uncompress file.Z cp file1 file2 cp file directory cp -i file1 file2

compress

Reduces the size of a file and adds .Z to the file's name. To restore a compressed file: Makes a copy of a file. To copy a file into a different directory: To inquire before overwriting an existing file:

cp

diff fg finger ftp grep

Compares two files and displays the differences. Restarts a suspended job in the foreground. Displays user information at the specified computer. To change your finger entry information: Starts the file transfer program with a remote computer. Finds lines in a file matching a character pattern. -i Ignores case -c Lists count of lines that contain pattern -v Lists all lines except those with pattern -n Lists line number for each found pattern finger userid@computer chfn ftp address grep -icvn pattern file

head help history

Displays the first ten lines of a file. To display the first n number of lines: Displays an online help note. To display a list of help notes: Displays a list of your most recent commands. To repeat the nth command from the list: To repeat your most recent command:

head file head -n file help note help -l history ! n !! jobs job & fg %number <Control>z bg kill pid kill -9 pid ls -Fltra

jobs

Displays active jobs and their corresponding job numbers. To start a job in the background: To return a job to the foreground by the job number: To send a running job to the background:

kill

Terminates a process by its process identification number. To use the strongest form of the kill command: Ends your computer session. Lists the files and subdirectories in your current directory. -l Lists long format -t Lists by modification time -r Lists in reverse order -F Lists file type with special character -a Lists all files including dot (.) files

logout ls

lynx

Starts a text-only Web browser session at UW home page.

lynx

Starts a Web browser session at a specific Web address. man mesg mkdir more mv Displays Unix Manual entry for a command. To search Manual Index for a keyword or topic: Displays your talk and write message access status. To set your message status to yes or no: Displays a file one screen at a time. Use <Spacebar> to scroll forward and q to quit. Moves a file to a different directory. Moves a directory to a second directory. To rename file1 as file2: To rename directory1 as directory2: To inquire before overwriting an existing file: passwd pico pine ps pwd rm rmdir spell staffdir Starts program to change account password. Starts the Pico text editor with a file.

lynx url man command man -k keyword mesg mesg y (or n) more file mv file directory mv directory1 directory2 mv file1 file2 mv directory1 directory2 mv -i file1 file2 pico file

Creates a new directory within your current directory. mkdir directory

Starts the Pine electronic mail program. Displays processes and their corresponding process identification numbers. Displays absolute pathname of current directory. Permanently deletes a file. To verify prior to removal: Deletes an empty directory. To verify prior to removal: Checks the spelling in a file. Displays the Online UW Staff Directory. To display all fields: rm file rm -i file rmdir directory rmdir -i directory spell file staffdir "lastname, firstname" staffdir -full "lastname, firstname" telnet address vi file wc file

telnet vi w wc

Starts a telnet session with a remote computer. Starts the vi text editor with a file. Displays a list of who is on system. Counts lines, words, and characters in a file.

Special commands and characters: Redirection < > | Routes input to command from file Routes output from command to file Routes output between commands

>> Appends output to existing file

Wildcards used in filenames * ? Matches any number of characters Matches one character

Control codes <Control>s <Control>q <Control>d <Control>c <Control>z <Control>u Suspends the screen display Restarts suspended display Signals end of file Cancels a command Suspends a process or job: use fg to restart Clears the command line