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Key Words and Catch Phrases

This document provides key terms and concepts for word problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It defines terms like augend, addend, sum, minuend, subtrahend, difference, multiplicand, multiplier, product, dividend, divisor, and quotient. It also explains the order of operations using PEMDAS—Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication, Division, Addition, Subtraction—and provides examples to demonstrate how to solve multi-step problems using this methodology.

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Sha Mercs
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264 views

Key Words and Catch Phrases

This document provides key terms and concepts for word problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It defines terms like augend, addend, sum, minuend, subtrahend, difference, multiplicand, multiplier, product, dividend, divisor, and quotient. It also explains the order of operations using PEMDAS—Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication, Division, Addition, Subtraction—and provides examples to demonstrate how to solve multi-step problems using this methodology.

Uploaded by

Sha Mercs
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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"Key Words and Catch Phrases" for Word Problems Addition Words 1. Add 2. Altogether 3. Both 4. In all 5.

Sum 6. Total Subtraction Words 1. Difference 2. Fewer 3. How many more 4. How much more 5. Left 6. Less: Debra bought apples for $3.20 and oranges for $4.23. How much less did the apples cost? 7. Minus 8. Need to 9. Remains 10. Subtract

10. Words ending with "er"; higher, longer, faster, heavier, larger, shorter, slower, farther, etc. Example: Jean's apple weighs 100 grams, and Karen's apple weighs 80 grams. How much heavier is Jean's apple? Multiplication Words 1. Times: Maria ran around the track 5 times. It took her 5 minutes to run around the track. How many minutes did she run? 2. Every: Kim buys 2 apples everyday. How many apples does she buy in a week? 3. At this rate: Ed reads 25 words per minute. At this rate, how many words does he read in one hour? Division Words 1. Each: Ken has 75 pencils and 15 boxes. How many pencils should he pack in each box so each customer gets the same number of pencils?

Terms Used in Equations


Hereare the termsusedin equationsfor addition,subtraction,multiplication,and division.Thesetermsincludeaugend,addend,sum,subrahend,minuend,difference, multiplicand,multiplier, product,factors,dividend,divisor,quotient,and remainder.
Addition

In addition, an augendand an addendare added to find a sum.

In the following equation, 6 is the augend, 3 is the addend, and 9 is the sum: 6+3=9 NOTE: Sometimes both the augend and addend are called addends. Sometimes the sum is called the total.
Subtraction

In subtraction, a subtrahendis subtracted from a minuendto find adifference. In the following equation, 9 is the minuend, 3 is the subtrahend, and 6 is the difference. 93=6
Multiplication

In multiplication, a multiplicandand a multiplier are multiplied to find a product. In the following equation, 6 is the multiplicand, 3 is the multiplier, and 18 is the product.

6 x 3 = 18 NOTE: Sometimes the multiplicand and the multiplier are both called factors.
Division

In division, a dividendis divided by a divisor to find a quotient. In the following equation, 18 is the dividend, 3 is the divisor, and 6 is the quotient. 18 / 3 = 6 If there is an amount left over, it is called the remainder. The remainder cannot be evenly divided by the divisor. For example, if you divide 18 by 7, you will get a remainder: 18 / 7 = 2, with a remainder of 4

Order of Operations
The informationbelowexplainsPEMDAS:parentheses,exponents,multiplication, division,addition,andsubtraction When you have a math problem that involves more than one operationfor example, addition and subtraction, or subtraction and multiplicationwhich do you do first?

Example#1: 6 3 x 2 = ?

Do you do the subtraction first (6 3 = 3) and then the multiplication (3 x 2 = 6)? Or do you start with the multiplication (3 x 2 = 6) and then subtract (6 6 = 0)?

PEMDAS
In cases like these, we follow the orderof operations. The order in which operations should be done is abbreviated as PEMDAS : 1. Parentheses 2. Exponents 3. Multiplication and Division (from left to right)
4.

Addition and Subtraction (from left to right)

(One way to memorize this is to think of the phrase Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally.)

In the above example, we're dealing with multiplication and subtraction. Multiplication comes a step before Subtraction, so first we multiply 3 x 2, and then subtract the sum from 6, leaving 0.

Example#2: 30 5 x 2 + 1 = ?

There are no Parentheses. There are no Exponents. We start with the Multiplication and Division, working from left to right. NOTE: Even though Multiplication comes before Division in PEMDAS, the two are done in the same step, from left to right. Addition and Subtraction are also done in the same step. 30 5 = 6, leaving us with 6 x 2 + 1 = ? 6 x 2 = 12, leaving us with 12 + 1 = ? We then do the Addition: 12 + 1 = 13

Note that if we'd done the multiplication before the division, we'd have ended up with the wrong answer:

5 x 2 = 10, leaving 30 10 + 1 = ? 30 10 = 3, leaving 3 + 1 = ? 3 + 1 = 4 (off by 9!)

One last example for advanced students, using all six operations: Example#3: 5 + (4 2)2 x 3 6 1 = ?

Start with the Parentheses: 4 2 = 2. (Even though subtraction is usually done in the last step, because it's in parentheses, we do this first.) That leaves 5 + 22 x 3 6 1 = ? Then Exponents: 22 = 4. We now have 5 + 4 x 3 6 1= ? Then Multiplication and Division, starting from the left: 4 x 3 = 12, leaving us with 5 + 12 6 1 = ? Then moving to the right: 12 6 = 2, making the problem 5 + 2 1 = ? Then Addition and Subtraction, starting from the left: 5 + 2 = 7, leaving 7 1=? Finally, moving to the right: 7 1 = 6

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