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1. The document describes a project to design a power system stabilizer (PSS) for a single machine infinite bus system. 2. Key components of the system include a generator, automatic voltage regulator, transmission line, and infinite bus. Mathematical models of the components are provided. 3. The project involves linearizing the system models, designing analog and digital PSS controllers using transfer function and state space approaches, and simulating the closed-loop system performance.

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Mohamed Elsayed Hasan
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129 views

Control Project Modified

1. The document describes a project to design a power system stabilizer (PSS) for a single machine infinite bus system. 2. Key components of the system include a generator, automatic voltage regulator, transmission line, and infinite bus. Mathematical models of the components are provided. 3. The project involves linearizing the system models, designing analog and digital PSS controllers using transfer function and state space approaches, and simulating the closed-loop system performance.

Uploaded by

Mohamed Elsayed Hasan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electrical Power and Machines Dept Third Year Control Systems (EPM306)

Course Project Power System Stabilization Due date 20th June 2013

A typical configuration of a single machine infinite-bus power system is shown in Fig.1. This configuration can be used when a generator is connected to a big network compared to its power rating. The network in such case is represented by an infinite bus. By an infinite bus, we mean a bus of constant voltage and frequency irrespective of the variations that the generator may undergo. The generator is connected to the infinite-bus via a transformer and a transmission line. The generator is equipped with an automatic voltage regulator (AVR) to control its terminal voltage and improve its dynamic stability limits. The AVR is a lag compensator that regulates the generator's terminal voltage at its rated value. However, the AVR adds negative phase to the system and worsens its relative stability. Conventional power system stabilizers (PSS) are proposed to improve stability by adding a phase lead to the system. If the system undergoes a sudden load change or a fault, the PSS is responsible for damping the power angle oscillations and maintaining the system stability.

Fig. 1. Schematic Diagram of a single-machine infinite-bus power system

Let us define the following symbols: : mechanical torque : electric torque : terminal voltage : induced EMF proportional to field current : generator field voltage : generator direct-axis transient reactance, and d-axis and q-axis synchronous reactances, respectively. : line reactance : power angle (angle between q-axis and the infinite bus) : speed deviation : open-circuit d-axis transient time constant : inertia coefficient : exciter gain and time constant : stabilizing signal (output of the PSS) : infinite-bus voltage : real and reactive power loading, respectively : k-parameters of the power system block diagram

Electrical Power and Machines Dept Third Year Control Systems (EPM306)

Course Project Power System Stabilization Due date 20th June 2013

There are different possible nonlinear models to represent the above power system. The following equations represent the generator by a third order nonlinear model

The exciter is represented by a first order model

Let equations:

the variable

and

are calculated according to the following

The above nonlinear equations can be linearized. The resulting linear system is shown in Fig. 2. The parameters can be expressed in terms of the operating point (P,Q). The following table shows how the values for and

The system parameters are given in the following table. All quantities are in per-units except M in seconds.
M = 10

Electrical Power and Machines Dept Third Year Control Systems (EPM306)

Course Project Power System Stabilization Due date 20th June 2013

Fig. 2. Block diagram of a linearized single-machine infinite-bus model of a power system.

Continuous System Analysis and Control Design 1. Using the linearized block diagram, find the open-loop transfer function in terms of the parameters shown in Fig. 2. 2. Assume the linearized model is

design a lead compensator (PSS) to achieve a settling time less than or equal to two seconds. Plot the root-locus. Specify the closed loop poles. Plot the unit-step response. Comment on the results. 3. Let Simulate the nonlinear system assuming the following in initial conditions: Assume U = 0 , i.e. open loop condition. Plot the system states and comment on the results. Change the mechanical torque to Plot the system states and comment on the results. Turn on the PSS (designed in (2) above) and run the simulation for Plot the system states and the control signal. Comment on the results. Digital Control Design Using the Transfer Function Approach 4. Select an appropriate sampling interval and design a digital PSS (using the emulation technique) to stabilize the system and ensure a settling time less than 4 seconds. Apply the digital PSS to the nonlinear model for Plot the system states and the control signal. Comment on the results. 5. Select an appropriate sampling interval and design a digital PSS (using the direct digital control technique) to stabilize the system and ensure a settling time less than 4 seconds. Apply the digital PSS to the nonlinear model for Plot the system states and the control signal. Comment on the results. Hint: In (4) and (5), assume that the open loop linearized system is given by the transfer function in (2). In the simulation, use the initial conditions given in (3).

Electrical Power and Machines Dept Third Year Control Systems (EPM306) Continuous State Space Representation

Course Project Power System Stabilization Due date 20th June 2013

1. Using the continuous system given in Fig.(2), Choose appropriate signals to be the states of the system and write the corresponding state space representation (Call this representation rep A). 2. Develop a Simulink simulation for rep A and draw XA(t) and y(t) versus t. 3. Using Matlab find the system transfer function. Show that this transfer function is as given. 4. Find appropriate state feedback vector to place the poles of the system in suitable places (You can use the same requirements as mentioned in the transfer function approach). 5. Implement the feedback signals using Simulink and find the new states and outputs versus time. Discrete State Space Representation 1. Choose a suitable sampling period and find the discrete form for rep A (Call this representation rep B) 2. Find the discrete transfer function of the system and write the state space representation in the controllable canonical form (Call this representation rep C). 3. Develop new Simulink simulations for the discrete state space representations in totally discrete environment and find XB(K), XC(K) , and y(K) versus K. 4. Modify your Simulink simulation by adding samplers and ZOH in the appropriate places. Find XA(K) and y(K) versus K. Compare the results of 3 and 4 and comment on your results. 5. Design state feedback vector for rep B to achieve appropriate transient response specifications. 6. Implement your designed values using the modified version of rep A, rep B and rep C. In each case draw the state vector and the output versus K. Comment on your results. 7. If the sampling period is changed by 50% what will be the effect of this change on the fed-back system response? Study this effect using rep A with samples and holds.

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