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HW10 Solns

The document contains solutions to homework problems from a math class. It includes: - Checking if sets of vectors are linearly independent and form bases - Finding the dimension and basis of subspaces - Row space and column space of matrices - Null space representations of matrices The problems involve linear algebra concepts like linear independence, span, basis, row space, column space, and null space. Calculations include determinants and row-reducing matrices.

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Usman Manzoor
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22 views

HW10 Solns

The document contains solutions to homework problems from a math class. It includes: - Checking if sets of vectors are linearly independent and form bases - Finding the dimension and basis of subspaces - Row space and column space of matrices - Null space representations of matrices The problems involve linear algebra concepts like linear independence, span, basis, row space, column space, and null space. Calculations include determinants and row-reducing matrices.

Uploaded by

Usman Manzoor
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Math 130

Homework #10
Solutions
Section 6.4.
Problem 1.
(a) Since
1 1
det
3 1


= 4 6= 0

the given vectors are linearly independent. They form a basis of R2 ,


since dim(R2 ) = 2.
(b) and (c) The given vectors do not form a basis of R2 , since the
basis of R2 contains exactly two vectors.
(d) Since
1 2
det
3 6


= 12 6= 0

the given vectors are linearly independent. They form a basis of R2 ,


since dim(R2 ) = 2.
Problem 6.
Given


A1 =

1 1
0 0

A2 =

0 0
1 1

A3 =

1 0
0 1

Find c = (c1 , c2 , c3 , c4 ) such that


c1 A1 + c2 A2 + c3 A3 + c4 A4 = 0
or equivalently
c1 + c3
c1 + c4
c2 + c4
c2 + c3 + c4
1

=
=
=
=

0
0
0
0

A4 =

0 1
1 1

The system above can be written in the form


Ac = 0
where

1
A=
0
0

0
0
1
1

1
0
0
1

0
1

1
1

Since det(A) = 1 6= 0, it follows that c1 = c2 = c3 = c4 = 0 is the


unique solution. Thus the given matrices are linearly independent.
It remains to show that Span{A1 , A2 , A3 , A4 } = M22 . Let B = [bij ]
be an arbitrary matrix in M22 . Find c = (c1 , c2 , c3 , c4 ) such that
c1 A 1 + c2 A 2 + c3 A 3 + c4 A 4 = B
or equivalently
c1 + c3
c1 + c4
c2 + c4
c2 + c3 + c4

=
=
=
=

b11
b12
b21
b22

The system above can be written in the form


Ac = b
where b = (b11 , b12 , b21 , b22 ) where A is given above.
det(A) = 1 6= 0 it follows that the system above has a
solution c, which shows that an arbitrary matrix B M22
represented as a linear combination of the given matrices.
Span{A1 , A2 , A3 , A4 } = M22 .

Since
unique
can be
Thus,

Problem 8.
(a) Given v1 = (2, 1, 3), v2 = (1, 2, 1), v3 = (1, 1, 4), v4 = (1, 5, 1).
Since dim(R3 ) = 3 and we have 4 vectors, this set cannot be a basis
for R3 .

(b) Given v1 = (1, 1, 2), v2 = (2, 2, 0), v3 = (3, 4, 1) Let

1 1 3
A=
4
.
1 2
2 0 1
Since det(A) = 5 6= 0 and dim(R3 ) = 3, it follows that (v1 , v2 , v3 )
form a basis of R3 .
Let v = (2, 1, 3). Find c = (c1 , c2 , c3 ) such that

1
2
3

v = c1 v1 + c2 v2 + c3 v3 = 1 c1 + 2 c2 + 4 c3 = Ac
2
0
1
where A is given above. Therefore,

9/5

1
c = A v = 8/5
3/5
Thus,

9 1 8 2 3 3
v = 1 2 + 4 .
5 2
5 0
5 1
Problem 11.
Since

1 0 2 1
1 3 11 7

[v1 v2 v3 v4 ] = 2 2 10 6 0 1 3 2
0 0 0 0
2 1 7 4
it follows that {v1 , v2 } is a basis of W , and dim(W ) = 2.
Problem 17.
(a) Given V = {(a, b, c) R3 | b = a + c}.
Let (a, b, c) V be arbitrary. Then,

a
a
a
0
1
0




b = a + c = a + c = a1 + c1
c
c
0
c
0
1
3

Thus, V = Span{v1 , v2 }, where v1 = (1, 1, 0) and v2 = (0, 1, 1).


Since

c1
0
1



0 = c1 v1 + c2 v2 = c1 1 + c2 1 = c1 + c2

c2
1
0
yields c1 = c2 = 0, it follows that {v1 , v2 } is linearly independent.
Thus, {v1 , v2 } is a basis of V .
(b) Given V = {(a, b, c) R3 | b = a}.
Let (a, b, c) V be arbitrary. Then,

0
1
0
a
a
a





b = a = a + 0 = a1 + c0
1
0
c
0
c
c
Thus, V = Span{v1 , v2 }, where v1 = (1, 1, 0) and v2 = (0, 0, 1).
Since



1
0
c1



0 = c1 v1 + c2 v2 = c1 1 + c2 0 = c1
0
1
c2
yields c1 = c2 = 0, it follows that {v1 , v2 } is linearly independent.
Thus, {v1 , v2 } is a basis of V .
(c) Given V = {(a, b, c) R3 | 2a + b c = 0}.
Let (a, b, c) V be arbitrary. Then,

a
a
a
0
1
0




b = 0 + b = a0 + b1
b=
c
2a + b
2a
b
2
1
Thus, V = Span{v1 , v2 }, where v1 = (1, 0, 2) and v2 = (0, 1, 1).
Since

1
0
c1

0 = c1 v1 + c2 v2 = c1 0 + c2 1 = c2
2
1
2c1 + c2
yields c1 = c2 = 0, it follows that {v1 , v2 } is linearly independent.
Thus, {v1 , v2 } is a basis of V .
4

Section 6.6.
Problem 5.
(a) Since

1
A=
3
2

1
2 1

9 1 0

8 3 0
0
3 2

0 1
1 0

0 0
0 0

it follows that {(1, 0, 1), (0, 1, 0)} is a basis of the raw space of A.
(b) Since

1
1 3 2
1 0 5 3

9
8
3
2
1
2
0 1

1 1 3
2
0 0 0
0
it follows that {(1, 2, 1), (1, 9, 1)} is a basis of the raw space of A.
Problem 7.
(a) Since

1
1
1
3
2
0
2 1
2
1

A =
7
4 3 1 0
0
0
0
5
3

0
1
0
0

0 0
0 1/5

1 3/5
0 0

it follows that {(1, 0, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0, 1/5), (0, 0, 1, 3/5} is a basis of the
column space of A.
(b) Since

1 2 7 0
1

4 0
1 1

3
2 3 5 0
2 1 1 3
0

0 1 0
1 3 0

0 0 1
0 0 0

it follows that {(1, 1, 3, 2), (2, 1, 2, 1), (0, 0, 5, 3)} is a basis of the
column space of A.

Problem 13. Since

1
1 2
1
3
0

2
1
4
5

A=
7
8 5 1 0
0
10 14 2 8

0 3 13/3
1 2
11/3

=B
0 0
0
0 0
0

rk(A) = 2. Furthermore, since


Ax = 0 Bx = 0
we find

1 0 3 13/3
x1
0


2
11/3 x2 0
0 1

=
0 0
0
0 x3 0
0 0 0
0
x4
0
and therefore x3 = s R, x4 = r R, x1 = 3s + 13r/3,
x2 = 2s 11r/3. Thus, for any vector x N (A) the following
representation holds:

13/3
3
x1
3
13/3

2 11/3

x
2

}
,
+ r 11/3 = Spam{

= s

1
x3
1
0

0
1
0
0
x4
1
Hence, nullity(A) = dim(N (A)) = 2 and
rk(A) = nullity(A) = 2 + 2 = 4 = dim R4
Problem 18. If A is a 3 4 - matrix, then A has at most 3 linearly
independent rows and therefore, rk(A) 3.
Problem 19. If A is a 4 6 - matrix, then A has at most 4
linearly independent rows and therefore, rk(A) 4. Therefore, A
has at most 4 linearly independent columns. Since A has 6 column,
they must be linearly dependent.
Problem 23. Since

1 2 3
1 0 3

A = 1 2 3 0 1 0
0 8 0
0 0 0
6

rk(A) = 2. Therefore, A is singular.

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