International Training and Consulting

RULE FOR REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS

English School

Made by: JOSE RAMON RAMIREZ SANCHEZ English Teacher

04/26th /2013

East Santo Domingo, Domincan Republic.

Conversation using the Past. ANNE: My brother, David, worked in the family business too. But he didnt like it. He wanted to try something different. JOHN: So what happened? ANNE: My parents agreed. They let him come to U. S. to study. JOHN: Where did he go? ANNE: He came here, to Washington. He studied computer science. We thought he was happy. JOHN: And then what happened? ANNE: I dont know. He wrote every week, and then the letters stopped. JOHN: Do you know where he lived? ANNE: He stayed with an American family. He was a boarder. Heres the address. She passes JOHN a piece of paper. JOHN: Did you phone them? ANNE: Yes, of course. He left there a year ago. They dont know where he went. JOHN: Does he have a mobile phone? ANNE: I dont know. He did, but he doesnt answer it now. JOHN: Dont worry Ms Lee. Ill find your brother. Im on the case. He shakes her hand and she leaves. JOHN looks at the photo. Now he looks worried.

CONTENTS The Past Tense. Regular Verbs. Verbs ending in Y. Irregular Verbs. Questions in the Past Tense. Questions using WHAT and WHERE. List of regular verbs. List of Irregular verbs.

1. THE PAST TENSE The simple past tense is used to talk about events in the past that are finished. I worked in a restaurant last year. (But I dont work there now) I did work in a restaurant last year. (And I don't work there anymore) To talk about things that have not happened in the past we use did not or didn't. I didn't work in a restaurant last year. ANNE: My brother, David, worked in the family business too. But he didnt like it. 2. REGULAR VERBS Regular verbs form the past tense by adding ed to the basic form of the verb. For example: work is the basic form. Adding 'ed' gives us: worked The ending does not change with different pronouns. I worked; he worked, we worked, you worked, they worked There are three ways of pronouncing the ed ending. We use the ed pronunciation after the consonants t and d. t arrest / arrested: You should arrest him. / He was arrested. d load / loaded: Ill load the shopping in the car. / I loaded the shopping in the car. ANNE: He wanted to try something different. We use the t pronunciation after the sounds s, p, k, f and sh s mess/ messed: He messed her hair. p sip/ sipped: She sipped her drink. k pick/ picked: He picked his nose. f laugh/ laughed: They laughed at my jokes. sh fish/ fished: He fished in a boat. ANNE: My brother, David, worked in the family business too. ANNE: I dont know. He wrote every week, and then the letters stopped. We use the d pronunciation after the consonant sounds b, g, l, z, v, m, n, j, th and ng b mob/ mobbed: He was mobbed by fans. g beg/ begged. I begged for mercy. l fill/ filled: I filled the tank. z quiz/ quizzed: The police quizzed him for hours. v love/ loved: I loved the movie. m hum/ hummed: We hummed the tune. n thin/ thinned : I thinned out the weeds j judge/ judged : He judged her harshly th smooth/ smoothed: She smoothed her dress. ng clang/ clanged : The bell clanged loudly JOHN: So what happened? JOHN: Do you know where he lived?

 ed is also pronounced d when the word ends with a vowel sound. I fry / fried: I fried an egg. A stay / stayed: I stayed all day. ANNE: My parents agreed. ANNE: He stayed with an Australian family. 3. SPELLING VERBS ENDING IN Y. Some verbs which end in y change the y to an i before adding ed. Hurry/hurried Marry/married Study/studied Worry/worried Verbs which end in ay or oy dont change the y to an i. Stay/stayed Delay/delayed Annoy/annoyed Enjoy/enjoyed

4. IRREGULAR VERBS Many verbs are 'irregular'. They form their past tense in different ways. We just have to learn these. Look at the verb to be. Present is am are Past

was were

Notice that this verb to be changes depending on whether the subject is singular or plural. Present I am happy. He is happy. You are happy. We are happy. They are happy. Past

I was happy. He was happy. You were happy. We were happy. They were happy.

Other irregular verbs just have past tense forms that don't end with ed. Here are some examples. The past tense of leave is left. I leave tomorrow / I left yesterday. ANNE: He left there a year ago. The past tense of go is went. I go to university / I went to university. ANNE: They dont know where he went. The past tense of write is wrote. I write these examples /I wrote you an email. ANNE: He wrote every week, and then the letters stopped. The past tense of come is came. I want you to come to the meeting / I came to the meeting. ANNE: He came here, to Washignton. The past tense of think is thought. I think English is easy / I thought English was easy. ANNE: We thought he was happy. The past tense of let is let. I will let the cat in /I let the cat in last night. ANNE: They let him come to Australia to study.

5. QUESTIONS IN THE PAST TENSE There are several ways of asking questions in the past tense. To ask about past actions we use the past tense of the verb 'to do' did. Questions starting with did are asking whether an action was performed or not. The answer is usually 'yes' or 'no'. We use did followed by a pronoun or subject, and then the verb or action being asked about.

Notice that the verb used after did is not in the past tense. The word did forms the past tense for the question and the answer.

Did you feed the cat? Yes I did feed the cat. You can also answer this question by just saying yes, or yes I did. Did you feed the cat? Yes. Did you feed the cat? Yes I did. You answer no with the negative form of did - didn't Did you feed the cat? No I didnt. Didn't is the contracted form of did not. We usually use did not to add emphasis. Did you steal the money?v I did not. You can give answers to did questions about the past with the past tense of the other verb used in the question. Did he go to the bank? Yes he went to the bank. Did you feed the cat? Yes I fed the cat.

6. QUESTIONS USING WHAT and WHERE Questions starting with what and where are asking for information. Where did you go? I went to the supermarket. What did you do? I bought some eggs.

JOHN: Where did he go? ANNE: He came here, to Washington.

7. LIST OF REGULAR VERBS In our favor, most English verbs are 'regular'. This means that we can rely on the forms they take because they follow a predictable pattern. Those verbs that do not follow the rules are called irregular. Most of the verbs in this list add " -d" or "ed" to the infinitive. The highlighted verbs in this list double their final consonant (admit - ADMITTED) or change "-y" with "ied" when "and" is preceded by a consonant (bury - buried).

A 1

G 2

I PAST

M 3

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL aceptar agregar admirar admitir aconsejar afrontar estar de acuerdo alertar permitir entretener analizar anunciar molestar contestar pedir disculpas, disculparse aparecer aplaudir apreciar aprobar discutir arreglar arrestar

accept (acpt) add (ad) admire (admiar) admit (admt) advise (advis) afford (afrd) agree (agr:) alert (alrt) allow (alu) amuse (amis) analyse (nalais) announce (anuns) annoy (ani) answer (nsuer) apologise(aplodchais) appear (apar) applaud (apld) appreciate (aprshieit) approve (aprv) argue (:rguiu) arrange (arrindch) arrest (arrst)

accepted (acptid) added (did) admired (admiard) admitted (admtid) advised (advist) afforded (afrdit) agreed (agr:d) alerted (alrtid) allowed (alud) amused (amist) analysed (nalaist) announced (anunst) annoyed (anid) answered (nsuerd) apologised(aplodchaist) appeared (apard) applauded (apldid) appreciated(aprshieitid) approved (aprvt) argued (:rguiut) arranged (arrindcht) arrested (arrstid)

accepted (acptid) added (did) admired (admiard) admitted (admtid) advised (advist) afforded (afrdit) agreed (agr:d) alerted (alrtid) allowed (alud) amused (amist) analysed (nalaist) announced (anunst) annoyed (anid) answered (nsuerd) apologised(aplodchaist) appeared (apard) applauded (apldid) appreciated(aprshieitid) approved (aprvt) argued (:rguiut) arranged (arrindcht) arrested (arrstid)

arrive (arriv) ask (ask) attach (atch) attack (atck) attempt (atmpt) attend (atnd) attract (atrct) avoid (avid)

arrived (arrivd) asked (askt) attached (atcht) attacked (atckt) attempted (atmptid) attended (atndid) attracted (atrctid) avoided (avidid)

arrived (arrivd) asked (ask) attached (atcht) attacked (atckt) attempted (atmptid) attended (atndid) attracted (atrctid) avoided (avidid)

llegar preguntar adjuntar atacar intentar asistir atraer evitar

A 1

G 2

I PAST

M 3

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL apoyar hornear balancear prohibir baarse rogar comportarse pertenecer bendecir enceguecer parpadear enrojecer

back (bak) bake (bik) balance (blans) ban (ban) bathe (bid) beg (beg) behave (bijiv) belong (bilng) bless (bles) blind (blind) blink (blink) blush (blash)

backed (bakt) baked (bikt) balanced (blanst) banned (bnd) bathed (bidid) begged (bgd) behaved (bijivd) belonged (bilngd) blessed (blest) blinded (blindid) blinked (blinkt) blushed (blasht)

backed (bakt) baked (bikt) balanced (blanst) banned (bnd) bathed (bidid) begged (bgd) behaved (bijivd) belonged (bilngd) blessed (blest) blinded (blindid) blinked (blinkt) blushed (blasht)

boil (bil) book (buk) bore (bor) borrow (brrou) bounce (buns) brake (brik) breathe (brid) brush (brash) burn (bern) bury (bri)

boiled (bild) booked (bukt) bored (bord) borrowed (brroud) bounced (bunst) braked (brikt) breathed (brdid) brushed (brasht) burned (bernd) buried (brid)

boiled (bild) booked (bukt) bored (bord) borrowed (brroud) bounced (bunst) braked (brikt) breathed (brdid) brushed (brasht) burned (bernd) buried (brid)

hervir reservar aburrir pedir prestado rebotar frenar respirar cepillar quemar enterrar

A 1

G 2

I PAST

M 3

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL llamar calcular acampar cuidar causar desafiar cambiar cargar cazar engaar

call (kol) calculate (klkiuleit) camp (kamp) care (ker) cause (koz) challenge (chlindz) change (chindz) charge (chrdz) chase (chis) cheat (chit)

called (kold) calculated (klkiuleirid) camped (kampt) cared (kerd) caused (kozd) challenged (chlindzd) changed (chindzd) charged (chrdzd) chased (chist) cheated (chtid)

called (kold) calculated (klkiuleirid) camped (kampt) cared (kerd) caused (kozd) challenged (chlindzd) changed (chindzd) charged (chrdzd) chased (chist) cheated (chtid)

check (chek) cheer (chir) chew (chu) claim (klim) clap (klp) clean (klin) clear (klar) close (klus) collect (kolkt) comb (kom) compare (kompr) compete (kompt) complain (komplin) complete (komplt) concentrate (knsentreit) concern (konsrn) confess (konfs) confuse (konfis) connect (konkt) consider (konsder) consist (konsst) contain (kontin) continue (kontniu)

checked (chekt) cheered (chird) chewed (chud) claimed (klimd) clapped (klpt) cleaned (klind) cleared (klard) closed (klusd) collected (kolktid) combed (komd) compared (komprd) competed (komptid) complained (komplind)

checked (chekt) cheered (chird) chewed (chud) claimed (klimd) clapped (klpt) cleaned (klind) cleared (klard) closed (klusd) collected (kolktid) combed (komd) compared (komprd) competed (komptid) complained (komplind)

verificar alegrar mascar reclamar aplaudir limpiar aclarar cerrar cobrar, coleccionar peinar comparar competir quejarse

completed (kompltid)

completed (kompltid)

completar

concentrated (knsentreired) concentrated(knsentreired) concerned (konsrnd) confessed (konfst) confused (konfist) connected (konktid) considered (konsderd) consisted (konsstid) contained (kontind) continued (kontniud) concerned (konsrnd) confessed (konfst) confused (konfist) connected (konktid) considered (konsderd) consisted (konsstid) contained (kontind) continued (kontniud)

concentrarse concernir confesar confundir conectar considerar consistir contener continuar

cook (ku:k) copy (kpi) correct (korrkt) cough (kof) count (kaunt) cover (kver) crack (krak) crash (krash) crawl (krol) cross (kros) crush (krash) cry (kri) cure (kir) curl (kerl) curve (kerb) cycle (sikl)

cook (ku:kt) copied (kpid) corrected (korrktid) coughed (koft) counted (kunid) covered (kverd) cracked (krakt) crashed (krasht) crawled (krold) crossed (krost) crushed (krasht) cried (krid) cured (kird) curled (kerld) curved (kerbd) cycled (sikld)

cook (ku:kt) copied (kpid) corrected (korrktid) coughed (koft) counted (kunid) covered (kverd) cracked (krakt) crashed (krasht) crawled (krold) crossed (krost) crushed (krasht) cried (krid) cured (kird) curled (kerld) curved (kerbd) cycled (sikld)

cocinar copiar corregir toser contar cubrir rajar embestir arrastrarse cruzar aplastar gritar, llorar curar enrular curvar pasear en bicicleta

A 1

G 2

I PAST

M 3

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL daar bailar engaar decidir decorar

damage (dmidz) dance (dans) deceive (disv) decide (disid) decorate (dkoreit)

damaged (dmidzd) danced (danst) deceived (disvd) decided (disidid) decorated (dkoreirid)

damaged (dmidzd) danced (danst) deceived (disvd) decided (disidid) decorated (dkoreirid)

delay (dili) delete (dil:t) delight (dilit) deliver (delver) depend (dipnd) describe (diskrib) deserve (disrv) destroy (distri) detect (ditkt) develop (divlop) disagree (disagr) disappear (disapar) discover (diskver) dislike (dislik) divide (divid) double (dbl) doubt (dut) dream (drim) dress (dres) drop (drop) drown (drun) dry (dri) dust (dst)

delayed (dilid) deleted (dil:tid) delighted (dilirid) delivered (delverd) depended (dipnid) described (diskribd) deserved (disrvd) destroyed (distrid) detected (ditktid) developed (divlopt) disagreed (disagrd) disappeared (disapard) discovered (diskverd) disliked (dislikt) divided (dividid) doubled (dbld) doubted (durid) dreamed (drimd) dressed (drest) dropped (drpt) drowned (drund) dried (drid) dusted (dstid)

delayed (dilid) deleted (dil:tid) delighted (dilirid) delivered (delverd) depended (dipnid) described (diskribd) deserved (disrvd) destroyed (distrid) detected (ditktid) developed (divlopt) disagreed (disagrd) disappeared (disapard) discovered (diskverd) disliked (dislikt) divided (dividid) doubled (dbld) doubted (durid) dreamed (drimd) dressed (drest) dropped (drpt) drowned (drund) dried (drid) dusted (dstid)

demorar suprimir, eliminar, borrar deleitar repartir depender describir merecer destruir detectar desarrollar no estar de acuerdo desaparecer

descubrir disgustar dividir duplicar dudar soar vestir dejar caer, caerse ahogar secar limpiar

A 1

G 2

I PAST

M 3

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL ganar educar avergonzar emplear vaciar alentar finalizar disfrutar ingresar entretener huir examinar excitar excusarse ejercitar existir expandir esperar explicar explotar

earn (ern) educate (dzukeit) embarrass (imbras) employ (impli) empty (mpti) encourage (inkridz) end (end) enjoy (indzi) enter (ner) entertain (enertin) escape (iskip) examine (igzmin) excite (iksit) excuse (ikskiz) exercise (ksersaiz) exist (igzst) expand (ikspnd) expect (ikspkt) explain (iksplin) explode (iksplud)

earned (ernd) educated (dzukeirid) embarrassed (imbrast) employed (implid) emptied (mptid) encouraged (inkridzd) ended (ndid) enjoyed (indzid) entered (nerd) entertained (enertind) escaped (iskipt) examined (igzmind) excited (iksirid) excused (ikskizd) exercised (ksersaizd) existed (igzstid) expanded (ikspndid) expected (ikspktid) explained (iksplind) exploded (ikspludid)

earned (ernd) educated (dzukeirid) embarrassed (imbrast) employed (implid) emptied (mptid) encouraged (inkridzd) ended (ndid) enjoyed (indzid) entered (nerd) entertained (enertind) escaped (iskipt) examined (igzmind) excited (iksirid) excused (ikskizd) exercised (ksersaizd) existed (igzstid) expanded (ikspndid) expected (ikspktid) explained (iksplind) exploded (ikspludid)

extend (ikstnd)

extended (ikstndid)

extended (ikstndid)

extender

A 1

G 2

I PAST

M 3

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL enfrentar decolorarse fracasar imaginar, desear atar enviar un fax temer ir a buscar archivar llenar filmar terminar disparar, despedir caber, encajar reparar brillar, centellear flotar inundarse fluir, circular florecer doblar

face (fis) fade (fid) fail (fil) fancy (fnsi) fasten (fsen) fax (faks) fear (far) fetch (fech) file (fil) fill (fil) film (film) finish (fnish) fire (fier) fit (fit) fix (fiks) flash (flash) float (flut) flood (flad) flow (flu) flower (fluer) fold (fuld)

faced (fist) faded (fidid) failed (fild) fancied (fnsid) fastened (fsend) faxed (fakst) feared (fard) fetched (fecht) filed (fild) filled (fild) filmed (filmd) finished (fnisht) fired (fierd) fitted (ftid) fixed (fikst) flashed (flasht) floated (flurid) flooded (fldid) flowed (flud) flowered (fluerd) folded (fuldid)

faced (fist) faded (fidid) failed (fild) fancied (fnsid) fastened (fsend) faxed (kakst) feared (fard) fetched (fecht) filed (fild) filled (fild) filmed (filmd) finished (fnisht) fired (fierd) fitted (ftid) fixed (fikst) flashed (flasht) floated (flurid) flooded (fldid) flowed (flud) flowered (fluerd) folded (fuldid)

follow (flou) fool (ful) force (fors) form (form) found (fund) frame (frim) frighten (friren) fry (fri)

followed (floud) fooled (fuld) forced (forst) formed (formd) founded (fundid) framed (frimd) frightened (frirend) fried (frid)

followed (floud) fooled (fuld) forced (forst) formed (formd) founded (fundid) framed (frimd) frightened (frirend) fried (frid)

seguir, continuar engaar forzar formar fundar enmarcar asustar frer

A 1

G 2

I PAST

M 3

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL recoger saludar graduarse engrasar gruir adivinar guiar

gather (gder) greet (grit) graduate (grdueit) grease (gris) groan (grun) guess (ges) guide (gid)

gathered (gderd) greeted (grrid) graduated (grdueirid) greased (grist) groaned (grund) guessed (gest) guided (gidid)

gathered (gderd) greeted (grrid) graduated (grdueirid) greased (grist) groaned (grund) guessed (gest) guided (gidid)

A 1

G 2

I PAST

M 3

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL martillar pasar, entregar

hammer (jmer) hand (jand)

hammered (jmerd) handed (jndid)

hammered (jmerd) handed (jndid)

hang (jang) happen (jpen) harm (jrm) hate (jit) head (jd) heat (jit) help (jelp) hunt (jant) hope (jup) hug (jg) hurry (jri)

hanged (jangd) happened (jpend) harmed (jrmd) hated (jirid) headed (jdid) heated (jrid) helped (jelpt) hunted (jnid) hoped (jupt) hugged (jgd) hurried (jrid)

hanged (jangd) happened (jpend) harmed (jrmd) hated (jirid) headed (jdid) heated (jrid) helped (jelpt) hunted (jnid) hoped (jupt) hugged (jgd) hurried (jrid)

colgar, ahorcar suceder daar odiar encabezar calentar ayudar cazar, ir de caza esperar con ansiedad abrazar apurarse

A 1

G 2

I PAST

M 3

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL identificar ignorar imaginar impresionar mejorar incluir aumentar influenciar informar inyectar

identify (aidntifai) ignore (ignr) imagine (imdzin) impress (imprs) improve (imprv) include (inkld) increase (inkrs) influence (nfluens) inform (infrm) inject (indzkt)

identified (aidntifaid) ignored (ignrd) imagined (imdzind) impressed (imprst) improved (imprvd) included (inkldid) increased (inkrst) influenced (nfluenst) informed (infrmd) injected (indzkrid)

identified (aidntifaid) ignored (ignrd) imagined (imdzind) impressed (imprst) improved (imprvd) included (inkldid) increased (inkrst) influenced (nfluenst) informed (infrmd) injected (indzkrid)

injure (ndzur) introduce (introdis) instruct (instrkt) intend (intnd) interest (ntrest) interfere (interfr) interrupt (interpt) invent (invnt) invite (invit) irritate (riteit)

injured (ndzurd) introduced (introdist) instructed (instrkrid) intended (intndid) interested (ntrestid) interfered (interfrd) interrupted (interptid) invented (invnid) invited (invirid) irritated (riteirid)

injured (ndzurd) introduced (introdist) instructed (instrkrid) intended (intndid) interested (ntrestid) interfered (interfrd) interrupted (interptid) invented (invnid) invited (invirid) irritated (riteirid)

herir, lesionar presentar instruir intentar interesar interferir interrumpir inventar invitar irritar

A 1

G 2

I PAST

M 3

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL encarcelar unir, juntar bromear juzgar saltar

jail (dzil) join (dzin) joke (dzuk) judge (dzadz) jump (dzamp)

jailed (dzild) joined (dzind) joked (dzukt) judged (dzadzd) jumped (dzampt)

jailed (dzild) joined (dzind) joked (dzukt) judged (dzadzd) jumped (dzampt)

A 1

G 2

I PAST

M 3

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL patear matar

kick (kik) kill (kil)

kicked (kikt) killed (kilt)

kicked (kikt) killed (kilt)

kiss (kis) kneel (nil) knit (nit) knock (nok) knot (not)

kissed (kist) kneeled (nild) USA knitted (nltid) knocked (nokt) knotted (ntid)

kissed (kist) kneeled (nild) USA knitted (ntid) knocked (nokt) knotted (ntid)

besar arrodillarse tejer golpear anudar

A 1

G 2

I PAST

M 3

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL etiquetar aterrizar durar rerse lanzar nivelar lamer iluminar, alivianar gustar listar escuchar vivir cargar cerrar con llave durar mirar

label (libl) land (land) last (last) laugh (laf) launch (lonch) level (lvel) lick (lik) lighten (litn) like (lik) list (list) listen (lsen) live (liv) load (lud) lock (lok) long (long) look (luk)

labelled (libld) landed (lndid) lasted (lstid) laughed (laft) launched (loncht) levelled (lveld) licked (likt) lightened (litnd) liked (likt) listed (lstid) listened (lsend) lived (livd) loaded (ludid) locked (lokt) longed (longd) looked (lukt)

labelled (libld) landed (lndid) lasted (lstid) laughed (laft) launched (loncht) levelled (lveld) licked (likt) lightened (litnd) liked (likt) listed (lstid) listened (lsend) lived (livd) loaded (ludid) locked (lokt) longed (longd) looked (lukt)

love (lav)

loved (lavd)

loved (lavd)

amar

A 1

G 2

I PAST

M 3

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL administrar marchar marcar casarse hacer juego medir derretirse memorizar

manage (mnidz) march (march) mark (mark) marry (mri) match (mach) measure (mshar) melt (melt) memorise (mmoraiz) mend (mend) milk (milk) miss (mis) mix (miks) move (muv) multiply (mltplai) murder (mrder)

managed (mnidzd) marched (marcht) marked (markt) married (mrid) matched (macht) measured (mshard) melted (mltid) memorised (mmoraizd) mended (mndid) milked (milkt) missed (mist) mixed (mikst) moved (muvd) multiplied (mlt-plid) murdered (mrderd)

managed (mnidzd) marched (marcht) marked (markt) married (mrid) matched (macht) measured (mshard) melted (mltid) memorised (mmoraizd) mended (mndid) milked (milkt) missed (mist) mixed (mikst) moved (muvd) multiplied (mlt-plid) murdered (mrderd)

remendar ordear perder, extraar mezclar mover, mudarse multiplicar asesinar

A 1

G 2

I PAST

M 3

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL

nail (nil) name (nim) need (nid) note (nut) notice (nuris) number (nmber)

nailed (nild) named (nimd) needed (ndid) noted (nurid) noticed (nurist) numbered (nmberd)

nailed (nild) named (nimd) needed (ndid) noted (nurid) noticed (nurist) numbered (nmberd)

clavar nombrar necesitar advertir, fijarse en prestar atencin numerar

A 1

G 2

I PAST

M 3

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL obedecer objetar observar obtener ofender ofrecer abrir ordenar, pedir inundar adeudar

obey (obi) object (obdzkt) observe (obsrv) obtain (obtin) offend (ofnd) offer (fer) open (upen) order (rder) overflow (ouverflu) owe (u)

obeyed (obid) objected (obdzktid) observed (obsrvd) obtained (obtind) offended (ofndid) offered (ferd) opened (upend) ordered (rderd) overflowed(ouverflud) owed (ud)

obeyed (obid) objected (obdzktid) observed (obsrvd) obtained (obtind) offended (ofndid) offered (ferd) opened (upend) ordered (rderd) overflowed(ouverflud) owed (ud)

A 1

G 2

I PAST

M 3

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL empacar

pack (pak)

packed (pakt)

packed (pakt)

paint (pint) park (park) pass (pas) paste (pist) pat (pat) pause (poz) pedal (pdal) peel (pil) peep (pip) perform (perfrm) phone (fun) pick (pik) plan (plan) plant (plant) place (plis) play (pli) please (pliz) plug (plag) point (pint) polish (plish) possess (poss) post (pust) pour (por) practise (prktis) pray (pri)

painted (pinid) parked (parkt) passed (past) pasted (pistid) patted (prid) paused (pozd) pedalled (pdald) peeled (pild) peeped (pipt) performed (perfrmd) phoned (fund) picked (pikt) planned (pland) planted (plnid) placed (plist) played (plid) pleased (plizd) plugged (plagd) pointed (pinid) polished (plisht) possessed (posst) posted (pustid) poured (pord) practised (prktist) prayed (prid)

painted (pinid) parked (parkt) passed (past) pasted (pistid) patted (prid) paused (pozd) pedalled (pdald) peeled (pild) peeped (pipt) performed (perfrmd) phoned (fund) picked (pikt) planned (pland) planted (plnid) placed (plist) played (plid) pleased (plizd) plugged (plagd) pointed (pinid) polished (plisht) possessed (posst) posted (pustid) poured (pord) practised (prktist) prayed (prid)

pintar estacionar pasar, aprobar pegar acariciar detenerse pedalear pelar echar una ojeada ejecutar llamar por telfono recoger, levantar planear, planificar plantar ubicar tocar jugar un instrumento,

complacer conectar sealar lustrar poseer enviar por correo derramar practicar rezar

precede (prousd) prefer (prfr) prepare (pripr) present (priznt) press (pres) pretend (pritnd) prevent (privnt) print (print) produce (prods) program (prgram) promise (prmis) protect (protkt) provide (provid) pull (pul) pump (pamp) punish (pnish) push (push)

preceded (prousdid) preferred (prifrd) prepared (priprd) presented (priznid) pressed (prest) pretended (pritnid) prevented (privnid) printed (prnid) produced (prodst) programmed prgramd) promised (prmist) protected (protktid) provided (providid) pulled (puld) pumped (pampt) punished (pnisht) pushed (pusht)

preceded (prousdid) preferred (prifrd) prepared (priprd) presented (priznid) pressed (prest) pretended (pritnid) prevented (privnid) printed (prnid) produced (prodst) programmed prgramd) promised (prmist) protected (protktid) provided (providid) pulled (puld) pumped (pampt) punished (pnisht) pushed (pusht)

preceder preferir preparar presentar, regalar presionar, apretar fingir impedir imprimir producir programar prometer proteger proveer tirar de bombear castigar empujar

A 1

G 2

I PAST

M 3

INFINITIVE queue (ki)

PARTICIPLE queued (kid)

ESPAOL hacer cola

queued (kid)

INFINITIVE

PAST

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL llover levantar alcanzar darse cuenta recibir reconocer grabar reducir reflejar rechazar lamentarse relajarse soltar confiar permanecer recordar

rain (rin) raise (riz) reach (rich) realise (ralaiz) receive (risv) recognise (rkognaiz) record (rikrd) reduce (ridis) reflect (riflkt) refuse (rifiz) regret (rigrt) relax (rilks) release (rils) rely (reli) remain (rimin) remember (rimmber) remind (rimind) remove (rimv) rent (rent) repair (ripr) repeat (ript) replace (riplis)

rained (rind) raised (rizd) reached (richt) realised (ralaizd) received (risvd) recognised(rkognaizd) recorded (rikrdid) reduced (ridist) reflected (riflktid) refused (rifizd) regretted (rigrtid) relaxed (rilkst) released (rilst) relied (relid) remained (rimind) remembered (rimmberd) reminded (rimindid) removed (rimvd) rent (rnid) repaired (riprd) repeated (riprid) replaced (riplist)

rained (rind) raised (rizd) reached (richt) realised (ralaizd) received (risvd) recognised(rkognaizd) recorded (rikrdid) reduced (ridist) reflected (riflktid) refused (rifizd) regretted (rigrtid) relaxed (rilkst) released (rilst) relied (relid) remained (rimind) remembered (rimmberd) reminded (rimindid) removed (rimvd) rent (rnid) repaired (riprd) repeated (riprid) replaced (riplist)

acordarse de eliminar alquilar reparar repetir reemplazar

reply (repli) report (riprt) reproduce (riprodis) request (rikust) rescue (rskiu) retire (ritir) return (ritrn) rhyme (rim) rinse (rins) risk (risk) rob (rb) row (ru) rub (rab) ruin (rin) rule (rul)

replied (repldt) reported (riprid) reproduced (riprodist) requested (rikustid) rescued (rskiud) retired (ritird) returned (ritrnd) rhymed (rimd) rinsed (rinst) risked (riskt) robbed (rbd) rowed (rud) rubbed (rbd) ruined (rind) ruled (ruld)

replied (repldt) reported (riprid) reproduced (riprodist) requested (rikustid) rescued (rskiud) retired (ritird) returned (ritrnd) rhymed (rimd) rinsed (rinst) risked (riskt) robbed (rbd) rowed (rud) rubbed (rbd) ruined (rind) ruled (ruld)

responder informar reproducir solicitar rescatar jubilarse regresar rimar enjuagar arriesgar robar remar frotar arruinar regir, dominar

A 1

G 2

I PAST

M 3

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL despedir navegar satisfacer salvar, ahorrar, guardar gritar

sack (sak) sail (sil) satisfy (satisfi) save (siv) scream (skrim)

sacked (sakt) sailed (sild) satisfied (satisfid) saved (sivd) screamed (skrimd)

sacked (sakt) sailed (sild) satisfied (satisfid) saved (sivd) screamed (skrimd)

screw (skru) seal (sil) search (serch) separate (spareit) serve (serv) settle (setl) share (sher) shave (shiv) shelter (shlter) shop (shop) sigh (si) sign (sin) signal (sgnal) sin (sn) ski (ski) skip (skp) slip (slp) slow (slu) smell (smel) smile (smil) smoke (smuk) sneeze (sniz) snore (snor) snow (snu) soak (suk)

screwed (skrud) sealed (sild) searched (sercht) separated (spareirid) served (servd) settled (setld) shared (sherd) shaved (shivd) sheltered (shlterd) shopped (shpt) sighed (sid) signed (sind) signalled (sgnald) sinned (snd) skied (skid) skipped (skpt) slipped (slpt) slowed (slud) smelled (smeld) smiled (smild) smoked (smukt) sneezed (snizd) snored (snord) snowed (snud) soaked (sukt)

screwed (skrud) sealed (sild) searched (sercht) separated (spareirid) served (servd) settled (setld) shared (sherd) shaved (shivd) sheltered (shlterd) shopped (shpt) sighed (sid) signed (sind) signalled (sgnald) sinned (snd) skied (skid) skipped (skpt) slipped (slpt) slowed (slud) smelled (smeld) smiled (smild) smoked (smukt) sneezed (snizd) snored (snord) snowed (snud) soaked (sukt)

atornillar sellar buscar separar servir establecer compartir afeitarse proteger, resguardar comprar suspirar firmar hacer seales pecar esquiar saltearse deslizarse disminuir la velocidad oler sonrer fumar estornudar roncar nevar empapar

sound (sund) spell (spel) spill (spil) spoil (spil) spray (spri) start (start) stay (sti) stop (stop) store (stor) stretch (strech) succeed (saksd) suffer (sfer) suggest (sadzst) supply (sapli) support (saprt) suppose (supus) surprise (supriz) surround (surund) suspect (saspkt) suspend (saspnd) switch (such)

sounded (sundid) spelled (speld) spilled (spild) spoiled (spild) sprayed (sprid) started (strid) stayed (stid) stopped (stpt) stored (stord) stretched (strecht) succeeded (saksdid) suffered (sferd) suggested (sadzstid) supplied (saplid) supported (saprid) supposed (supust) surprised (suprizd) surrounded (surunid) suspected (saspktid) suspended (saspnid) switched (sucht)

sounded (sundid) spelled (speld) spilled (spild) spoiled (spild) sprayed (sprid) started (strid) stayed (stid) stopped (stpt) stored (stord) stretched (strecht) succeeded (saksdid) suffered (sferd) suggested (sadzstid) supplied (saplid) supported (saprid) supposed (supust) surprised (suprizd) surrounded (surunid) suspected (saspktid) suspended (saspnid) switched (sucht)

sonar deletrear derramar malcriar vaporizar arrancar, comenzar quedarse, permanecer pararse, detenerse almacenar estirar tener xito sufrir sugerir proveer apoyar suponer sorprender rodear sospechar colgar cambiar, enchufar

A 1

G 2

I PAST

M 3

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL

talk (tok) taste (tist) tease (tiz) telephone (tlefoun) tempt (tempt) terrify (trrifai) test (test) thank (senk) tick (tik) tidy (tidi) tie (ti) tip (tp) touch (tach) tow (tu) trade (trid) train (trin) transport (transprt) travel (trvel) tremble (trembl) trust (trast) try (tri) turn (tern) twist (tust) type (tip)

talked (tokt) tasted (tsitid) teased (tizd) telephoned (tlefound) tempted (tmptid) terrified (trri-fid) tested (tstid) thanked (senkt) ticked (tikt) tidied (tidid) tied (tid) tipped (tpt) touched (tacht) towed (tud) traded (tridid) trained (trind) transported (transprid) travelled (trveld) trembled (trembld) trusted (trstid) tried (trid) turned (ternd) twisted (tustid) typed (tipt)

talked (tokt) tasted (tistid) teased (tizd) telephoned (tlefound) tempted (tmptid) terrified (trri-fid) tested (tstid) thanked (senkt) ticked (tikt) tidied (tidid) tied (tid) tipped (tpt) touched (tacht) towed (tud) traded (tridid) trained (trind) transported (transprid) travelled (trveld) trembled (trembld) trusted (trstid) tried (trid) turned (ternd) twisted (tustid) typed (tipt)

conversar saborear tomar el pelo, atormentar llamar por telfono tentar aterrorizar comprobar agradecer tildar, marcar ordenar atar dar propina tocar remolcar comerciar, negociar entrenar transportar viajar temblar confiar tratar, intentar volver, dar vuelta doblar escribir a mquina

A 1

G 2

I PAST

M 3

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL usar

use (iz)

used (izd)

used (izd)

A 1

G 2

I PAST

M 3

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL desaparecer visitar

vanish (vnish) visit (vsit)

vanished (vnisht) visited (vsirid)

vanished (vnisht) visited (vsirid)

A 1

G 2

I PAST

M 3

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL esperar caminar querer advertir lavar gastar, desperdiciar vigilar pesar agradecer, dar la bienvenida, susurrar recibir,

wait (wit) walk (wok) want (wont) warn (worn) wash (wosh) waste (wist) watch (woch) weigh (wi) welcome (wlkam) whisper (wsper)

waited (wirid) walked (wokt) wanted (wnid) warned (wornd) washed (wosht) wasted (wistid) watched (wocht) weighed (wirid) welcomed (wlkamd) whispered (wsperd)

waited (wirid) walked (wokt) wanted (wnid) warned (wornd) washed (wosht) wasted (wistid) watched (wocht) weighed (wirid) welcomed (wlkamd) whispered (wsperd)

whistle (wisl) wipe (wip) wish (wish) wonder (wnder) work (werk) worry (uri)

whistle (wisld) wiped (wipt) wished (wisht) wondered (wnderd) worked (werkt) worried (urid)

whistle (wisld) wiped (wipt) wished (wisht) wondered (wnderd) worked (werkt) worried (urid)

silbar limpiar, secar desear imaginarse, preguntarse trabajar preocuparse

A 1

G 2

I PAST

M 3

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL bostezar gritar pasar muy rpido, acercar

yawn (in) yell (il) zoom (zum)

yawned (ind) yelled (ild) zoomed (zumd)

yawned (ind) yelled (ild) zoomed (zumd)

8. LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS The verbs that make up this list does not follow a predictable pattern, so called 'irregular'. Those verbs 'predictable', ie

that follow the rules are called regular. A 1 B C D E 2 F G PAST abode (abud) arose (arus) awoke (auuk) H K 3 L M P R S T U W

INFINITIVE abide (abid) arise (aris) awake (auik)

PARTICIPLE abode (abud) arisen (arsn) awoke (auuk)

ESPAOL tolerar, soportar surgir, plantear despertarse

A 1

E 2

G PAST

K 3

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL ser, estar golpear, latir, batir llegar a ser comenzar doblarse, inclinarse apostar en algo atar, unir, ligar morder/se sangrar soplar, hacer sonar romper criar, reproducir/se traer construir quemar

be (bi) [am/are/is] beat (bit) become (bikm) begin (bigun) bend (bend) bet (bet) bind (bind) bite (bit) bleed (bl:d) blow (blu) break (brik) breed (br:d) bring (bring) build (bilt) burn (bern)

was/were (us/ur) beat (bit) became (bikim) began (bign) bent (bent) bet (bet) bound (bund) bit (bit) bled (bled) blew (blu) broke (bruk) bred (bred) brought (brot) built (bilt) burnt (bernt)

been (bin) beaten (bitn) become (bikm) begun (bign) bent (bent) bet (bet) bound (bund) bitten (btn) bled (bled) blown (blun) broken (brukn) bred (bred) brought (brot) built (bilt) burnt (bernt)

buy (bi) A 1 B C D E 2

bought (bot) F G PAST H K 3

bought (bot) L M P R

comprar S T U W

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL agarrar elegir venir costar arrastrar, deslizarse cortar

catch (kach) choose (chus) come (km) cost (kost) creep (kr:p) cut (kat) A 1 B C D E

caught (kot) chose (chos) came (kem) cost (kost) crept (krept) cut (kat) F 2 G PAST H K

caught (kot) chosen (chsn) come (km) cost (kost) crept (krept) cut (kat) L 3 M P R

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL tratar, ocuparse cavar, excavar hacer dibujar, atraer beber conducir

deal (d:l) dig (dig) do (d) [does] draw (dr:) drink (drink) drive (driv) A 1 B C D E

dealt (delt) dug (dag) did (dd) drew (dr) drank (drnk) drove (druv) F 2 G PAST H K

dealt (delt) dug (dag) done (dn) drawn (drn) drunk (drank) driven (drvn) L 3 M P R

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL tratar, ocuparse cavar, excavar hacer dibujar, atraer

deal (d:l) dig (dig) do (d) [does] draw (dr:)

dealt (delt) dug (dag) did (dd) drew (dr)

dealt (delt) dug (dag) done (dn) drawn (drn)

drink (drink) drive (driv) A 1 eat (:t) A 1 fall (fol) feed (f:d) feel (f:l) fight (fit) find (find) flee (fl:) fling (fln:) fly (fli) forget (forgut) freeze (fr:s) A 1 B C D E B C D E B C D E

drank (drnk) drove (druv) F 2 ate (et) F 2 fell (fel) fed (fed) felt (felt) fought (f:t) found (fand) fled (fled) flung (flang) flew (flu) forgot (forgt) froze (frus) F 2 G PAST H K G PAST H K G PAST H K

drunk (drank) driven (drvn) L 3 M P R

beber conducir S T U W

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL comer

eaten (tn) L 3 M P R

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL caer alimentar sentir luchar, pelear encontrar escapar, huir arrojar, lanzar volar olvidar helar, congelar

fallen (flen) fed (fed) felt (felt) fought (f:t) found (fund) fled (fled) flung (flang) flown (fln) forgotten (forgtn) frozen (frusn) L 3 M P R

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL obtener, conseguir dar ir moler

get (gut) give (guv) go (gu) grind (grind)

got (got) gave (guiv) went (unt) ground (grund)

got/gotten (got/gotn) given (guvn) gone (gn) ground (grund)

grow (gru) A 1 B C D E

grew (gr) F 2 G PAST H K

grown (grn) L 3 M P R

cultivar, crecer S T U W

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL colgar tener, haber or ocultar, esconder golpear sostener, soportar

hang (jng) have (jev) [have/has] hear (jar) hide (jid) hit (jit) hold (juld) A 1 B C D E

hung (jng) had (jad) heard (jerd) hid (jid) hit (jit) held (jeld) F 2 G PAST H K

hung (jng) had (jad) heard (jerd) hidden (jdn) hit (jit) held (jeld) L 3 M P R

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL guardar, conservar arrodillarse saber, conocer

keep (k:p) kneel (n:l) know (nu) A 1 B C D E

kept (kept) knelt (nelt) knew (ni) F 2 G PAST led (led) lent (lent) learnt (lernt) left (left) lost (lost) C D E F G H K H K

kept (kept) knelt (nelt) known (nun) L 3 M P R

INFINITIVE lead (l:d) lend (lend) learn (lrn) leave (l:v) lose (l:s)

PARTICIPLE led (led) lent (lent) learnt (lernt) left (left) lost (lost) L M P R

ESPAOL guiar, conducir prestar aprender irse, dejar, partir perder S T U W

INFINITIVE

PAST

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL hacer, fabricar significar encontrarse con

make (mik) mean (m:n) meet (m:t) A 1 B C D E

made (mid) meant (ment) met (met) F 2 G PAST H K

made (mid) meant (ment) met (met) L 3 M P R

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL pagar poner, colocar

pay (pi) put (put) A 1 B C D E

paid (ped) put (put) F 2 G PAST H K

paid (ped) put (put) L 3 M P R

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL leer cabalgar sonar correr

read (rid) ride (rid) ring (ring) run (ran) A 1 B C D E

read (red) rode (rud) rang (reng) ran (ren) F 2 G PAST H K

read (red) ridden (rdn) rung (rang) run (ran) L 3 M P R

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL decir ver buscar vender enviar agitar, sacudir brillar, resplandecer

say (si) see (s:) seek (s:k) sell (sel) send (send) shake (shik) shine (shin)

said (sed) saw (s:) sought (sot) sold (suld) sent (sent) shook (shuk) shone (shun)

said (sed) seen (sin) sought (sot) sold (suld) sent (sent) shaken (shikn) shone (shun)

shoot (sh:t) show (shu) shrink (shrink) shut (shat) sing (sing) sink (sink) sit (sit) slay (sli) sleep (slp) slide (slid) sling (sling) smell (smel) speak (spik) spend (spend) spin (spin) stand (stand) steal (stl) stick (stik) sting (sting) stride (strid) strike (strik) strive (striv) swear (sua:) sweep (su:p) swell (sul)

shot (shot) showed (shud) shrank (shrenk) shut (shat) sang (seng) sank (senk) sat (sat) slew (sli) slept (slpt) slid (slid) slung (slang) smelt (smelt) spoke (spuk) spent (spent) spun (span) stood (st:d) stole (stul) stuck (stak) stung (stang) strode (strud) struck (strak) strove (struv) swore (sur) swept (supt) swelled (suld)

shot (shot) shown (shun) shrunk (shrank) shut (shat) sung (sang) sunk (sank) sat (sat) slain (slin) slept (slpt) slid (slid) slung (slang) smelt (smelt) spoken (spukn) spent (spent) spun (span) stood (st:d) stolen (stln) stuck (stak) stung (stang) strode (strud) struck (strak) striven (strvn) sworn (surn) swept (supt) swollen (sulen)

pegar un tiro mostrar, demostrar encogerse (tamao) cerrar cantar hundir/se sentar/se asesinar dormir resbalar, deslizar lanzar con fuerza oler hablar gastar, pasar girar, hilar pararse robar pinchar, atascarse picar, arder dar pasos largos golpear, sonar esforzarse jurar, maldecir barrer hinchar/se

swim (sum) A 1 B C D E 2

swam (sum) F G PAST H K 3

swum (sum) L M P R

nadar S T U W

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL tomar, llevar ensear rasgar, arrancar decir, contar pensar, creer crecer, prosperar tirar, arrojar pisar, aplastar

take (tik) teach (tch) tear (ta:) tell (tel) think (zink) thrive (zriv) throw (zru) tread (tred) A 1 B C D E

took (tul) taught (tot) tore (tor) told (told) thought (zot) throve (zruv) threw (zru) trod (trod) F 2 G PAST H K

taken (tikn) taught (tot) torn (torn) told (told) thought (zot) thriven (zrvn) thrown (zrun) trodden (trden) L 3 M P R

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL entender, comprender comprometerse, emprender deshacer

understand (anderstnd) undertake (andertik) undo (and) A 1 B C D E

understood (anderstd) undertook (andertk) undid (andd) F 2 G PAST H K

understood (anderstd) undertaken (andertikn) undone (andn) L 3 M P R

INFINITIVE

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL despertarse vestir, usar (ropa) tejer llorar

wake (uik) wear (uar) weave (wv) weep (w:p)

woke (uuk) wore (ur) wove (wov) wept (wpt)

woken (uukn) worn (urn) woven (wven) wept (wpt)

win (un) wind (uind) withdraw (uizdr:) wring (ring) write (rit)

won (un) wound (uund) withdrew (uizdr) wrung (rang) wrote (rut)

won (un) wound (uund) withdrawn (uizdrm) wrung (rang) written (rtn)

ganar serpentear, enrollar retirar/se, extraer retorcer, escurrir escribir

Virtual sources: - OM PERSONAL. http://www.ompersonal.com.ar/ - AUSTRALIA NETWORK. http://australianetwork.com/