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5 Operators Expressions

The document discusses different types of operators in C including arithmetic, relational, logical, and unary operators. It explains expressions can combine operands and operators to produce new values. Precedence and associativity rules determine the order of operations in expressions. Type conversions may occur in expressions to match operand types. Increment and decrement operators update values before or after use.

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36 views

5 Operators Expressions

The document discusses different types of operators in C including arithmetic, relational, logical, and unary operators. It explains expressions can combine operands and operators to produce new values. Precedence and associativity rules determine the order of operations in expressions. Type conversions may occur in expressions to match operand types. Increment and decrement operators update values before or after use.

Uploaded by

adityabaid4
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Operators and Expressions

02/09/11

Arithmetic Operators

The binary arithmetic operators are : + - * / % The expression x % y produces the remainder when x is divided by y The operands of % should be unsigned integers. Some unary operators are: + There are many other operators, discussion is deferred.
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02/09/11

Relational and Logical Operators


The relational operators are > >= < <= == Logical operators are && ||

!= !

02/09/11

Expressions

Expressions combine operands (variables, constants) and operators to produce new values.

Eg: 3 + count*(i+j)

A constant expression is an expression that involves only constants.


A variable can be initialized using a constant expression. Eg: int total = 2+3*4; Is the value of 3 * 4 + 5 = 17 , Or
= 27

02/09/11

Precedence and Associativity Rules

3*4+5

is

((3 * 4) + 5),

but not

(3 * (4 + 5))

It is because * is at higher precedence than +

3 / 4 / 5 = ((3 / 4) / 5),

but not

(3 / ( 4 / 5 ))

It is because associativity of / is from left to right. - - 4 = (- ( -4) ). This is because associativity of - (unary minus operator) is from right to left.
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02/09/11

Precedence and Associativity Operator Associativity Rules


() [] left to right right to left left to right left to right > >= left to right left to right left to right left to right right to left - + sizeof ! (unary operators) * / %

- + (binary) < == && || = (assignment) <= !=

02/09/11

Precedence and Associativity

For a complete list of rules, refer Table 2-1, in Page 53 of Kernighan and Ritchie book. What is the value of
4 + 3 * 2 == 9

TRUE is represented with 1 and FALSE with 0 The unary negation operator ! Converts a non-zero operand into 0, and zero operand into 1

So, what is the value of !(2+3 == 4) int i; i = !5; /*what is the value of i */ int i = 15; printf(%d, i = 10); /* what will get on the screen */
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02/09/11

Expressions

Check the following int count; count = 2 + 3 == 4;

Is the above syntactically valid? What is the value of count ? The operands used in an expression should be ideally of same type. The result of the expression will be of same type as operands type. int i; i = 3/4; /* what will be value of i */ Automatic type conversion is done some times when the operands are of different types.

02/09/11

Automatic Type Conversions

A narrower type is converted to wider type.


In 3 + 4.0 3 is converted to float 3.0 But int sum[5]; sum[3.0] = 100; /* wrong, 3.0 is not allowed, because it doesnot make sense */

Expressions that might lose information, like assigning a longer integer type to a shorter, may draw a warning, but they are not illegal.
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02/09/11

Expressions

What will be the values of i, j and k float i, j; int k; i = 3/2; j = 3.0/2; k = 3.0/2; Conversions take place across assignments; the value of the right side is converted to the type of the left.
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02/09/11

Explicit type conversions

You can force the type to be converted.

(float) 3; /* has value 3.0 */ float f; f = (float)3/2;

Syntax : (type-name) expression

/* 3 3.0 because of explicit type conversion 3.0/2 3.0/2.0 because of automatic conversion So, f gets value 1.5 */

(type-name) is actually an unary operator. double d = 3.5;


int i; i = (int) d; /* value of d itself is not changed */ /* the value of (int) d is 3 */
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02/09/11

Assignment Operators and Expressions


i = i+2 ; can be written in a compressed form as i += 2; Most binary operators of the form variable = variable op expression can be written like variable op= expression x *= y+1; means x = x * (y+1); and not x = x * y + 1;

02/09/11

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Conditional Expression

expr1 ? expr2 : expr3 is an expression and has value expr2 if expr1 is non-zero(true), otherwise has value expr3 z = (a > b) ? a : b; /* z = max(a, b) */ x = 5 ? 0:1; /* what is value of x */

02/09/11

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Increment and Decrement operators


++ (increment unary operator) -- ( decrement unary operator) x ++ means x = x+1

So, 5++ is not allowed because it means 5 = 5+1

++ x also means x = x+1 difference.

But there is a subtle

y = x++ ;

is same as y = x; x = x+1; means x = x+1; y = x;

Post increment : Use and then increment Pre increment : increment and then use

y = ++x ;

Same rules for -14

02/09/11

Increment and Decrement Operators Check


int j, k, m; j = 5; k = j++; m = ++(j + k);

/*This is illegal */

Check
int a[5], j = /* 0;j = j+1; a[++j] = 4;

a[j] = 4; */

/*So, a[1] = 4 */

02/09/11

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