Notes/Standards

Notes/Standards
Page

Type

Economical & Technical Aspects of the Selection of Duct Systems 3

Circular Equivalents of Rectangular Ducts for Equal Friction and Capacity (U.S. Units) .
15-16
Circular Equivalents of Rectangular Ducts for Equal Friction and Capacity (Metric)
17-18
Flat-Oval Duct Equivalents of Circular Ducts (U.S. Units) 19
Flat-Oval Duct Equivalents of Circular Ducts (Metric) 20
Galvanized Sheet Thickness Tolerances 21
Stainless Steel Sheet Thickness 22
Aluminum Sheet Thickness-Alloy 3003-H14
23
Galvanized Steel Standards ASTM A 653/A 653M - 97 24-32
Units and Conversions 33-34

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Rectangular

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General

CONTENTS

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Comfort

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Accessories

10
2

Right to alterations reserved.

is a registered trade mark.

copyright SAFID 2007 - All Rights Reserved

Notes/Standards

1971 - ONWARDS
A total change of behavior has taken place during
which specialist manufacturer's raised their level of
automation and intensified research and
development.

3. Installation costs are significantly lower.

4. All products are standardized.
5. Requires often less space.

During this period the ductwork contractors started

sourcing more materials from specialist suppliers at
lower cost than by producing in-house. The
contractors gradually concentrated their resources
on installing standardised prefabricated items which
were readily available at short notice.

6. Airflow measurements are easier to make.

7. Superior strength allows for savings on metal.
8. Pressure drop is lower.

These changes were made possible through the

contractors' ability to adapt their work patterns
around the system that provides the greatest
competitive edge. Consulting Engineers changed
their designs and specifications from tailor made
designs of specially constructed ductwork for every
building, to designs built around a standardized
product.

9. Inside cleaning of ducts is more effective.

10. Rubber gaskets make a leakproof system.
11. Naturally the strongest duct system.
12. A more beautiful solution.

An International comparison gives the following

picture of the market share of round ductwork and
the way this has develop:

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Transfer

10
3

Fig. 1 % of round in the total ductwork market

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1992

Scandinavia

15

40

60

70

80

85

95

France

10

20

30

40

50

60

65

Great Britain

10

15

20

30

35

40

Germany

10

15

20

25

30

40

Japan

10

15

20

25

35

* US figures are not available, but it obvious that during the nineties (90's) the share of round duct has increased dramatically
as so many manufacturer and contractor are finding round duct better product in overall comparison.
Right to alterations reserved.

Safid
Double Wall

2. The air-tightness meets the highest classification

(Eurovent/CEN CLASS 'C'), or class 3 leakage as per
SMACNA.

SafidOval

1. The trend in ductwork specification is toward

round.

1961 - 1970
Some specialist companies started batch production
of round ducts and fittings.
The ductwork contractors started buying round which
they installed alongside the rectangular made in their
own work shops.

SafidOval
Double Wall

In summary here are its major features:

Safid
Flexible

This growing use of round over rectangular ductwork

is the result of superior performance and economic
advantages inherent in the round ductwork.

Trend
The benefits of round ductwork are many and
influential resulting many changes to traditional work
patterns throughout Europe and Japan.
This can be illustrated by a study of the Scandinavian
countries where the following development has taken
place:
1960 and before
Ductwork contractors manufactured and installed all
system in rectangular form.

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Products &
Accessories

The selection of spiral tube round ductwork systems,

since their inception in the sixties, has enjoyed
steady growth in ventilation and air conditioning
applications.

Lindab
Comfort

Introduction

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Flexible

LindabSafe / SafidVent

General

Economical & Technical aspects of

the selection of Duct Systems

LindabSafe / SafidVent
Ducts with a high degree of air-tightness are
increasingly in demand for many reasons:

Good indoor air quality (IAQ) has to be guaranteed

today. An increasing number of existing buildings
are being classified as "Sick Buildings". One of the
remedies to this is to increase the amount of fresh
air intake. With round "air-tight" ducts it is often
easier and more economical to fulfill these
increasingly stricter demands.
In many countries air-tight specifications have been
established. The present Eurovent and the future
CEN standards define three leakage classes:

A: the lowest class.

Leakage factor:1.320 litres/(s,m2) at 400 Pa
(=0.260 cfm/sqft at 8.4 lb/sqft)

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Leakage factor (l/s)m2

Leakage is largely a function of the number of

connections and the ability to seal these
connections:
Each length of straight tube is one piece of metal
and thus meets the highest standards of airtightness.
Round tube installation have significantly fewer
duct-to-duct connections to leak. The typical length
of a round tube is 3 to 6 m whereas a typical
rectangular straight section is 1 to 1.5 m.

This feature is described in more detail on page 12.

Whereas there is rubber gasketing on rectangular
ductwork connections, it is a messy manual
application; not a factory fit seal as provided with
round ducts and fittings.
Connecting two round ducts only requires one joint
connection, whereas rectangular ducts are
frequently connected by use of a completely
separate double flanging system.

Leakage Class

20

It is of utmost importance that the air within a

ventilation system is delivered to the designed outlet
points and that leakage through the duct system is
minimized.

Round fittings and system components can be

supplied with a factory fit rubber seal. This seal
provides an air-tight joint.

B: the medium class.

Leakage factor: 0.440 litres/(s,m2) at 400 Pa
(=0.087 cfm/sqft at 8.4 lb/sqft)
C: the highest class.
Leakage factor: 0.15 litres/(s,m2) at 400 Pa
(=0.029 cfm/sqft at 8.4 lb/sqft)

Safid
Flexible

Round ducts are more air-tight than

rectangular

The need to have efficient installations; the cost for

filtering, heating, cooling and distributing air is
rising rapidly.

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Rectangular

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General

Notes/Standards

Le

10
5

The perimeter, that thas to be sealed is shorter on a

round duct. For the same free cross sectional area,
a square duct has 13% longer perimeter than the
circular one, for a rectangular duct with side ratio
1:2, the perimeter is 20% longer, 1:3, 30%, 1:4, 41
% and 1:5, 51% longer.
250

Products &
Accessories

10
4

1
0.5

150

0.2

150
0.1
10

20

20

100

200

500 1000 2000

5000

10000

Pressure Difference in Pa

Lindab
Comfort

200

Fig. 2
Class C is thus three times tighter than Class B and
nine times tighter than Class A.

Right to alterations reserved.

25

Fig. 3
A rectangular duct, 250 x 150 mm can, without any
increase in pressure drop, be replaced by a duct of
200 mm diameter within the same space. The cost of
circular ducts, is in most cases, less than 50% of the
cost for the rectangular duct.
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 The installation time for a round duct system can

be as low as a third of that for a similar rectangular
system.
The cost for insulating material reduced due to
several reason such as:

It is more accessible and therefore easier to lag.

Fig. 5
Round ducts are approved with thinner layers of
outside fire insulation material than the equivalent
rectangular ducts.
The outer temperature must not exceed 140C during
the time (15,30 or 60 minutes) the fire is ongoing
inside the duct with a fire curve as defined by ISO
834.

Insulation
Type

Insulation Thickness

Net matting
A15: sheet

30
30

40
40

Net matting
A15: sheet

50
50

70
60

Net matting
A15: sheet

100
100

140
120

The installation cost is lower

Installation costs are significantly lower. One man can
install a round ductwork system where at least 2 are
required with rectangular. Insulation standards for
round ductwork call for less material.
One round duct is always installed at a lower overall
cost than a rectangular of the same equivalent cross
section. Fig. 3

The amount of insulating material is reduced due to

the shorter perimeter of the round duct compared
with the rectangular one. An example shows that a
round duct, Dia. 500 mm, requires approximately
13% less insulation material than the equivalent
rectangular duct, 500 x 400mm.
Round duct are in some markets approved with
thinner layers of outside fire insulation than the
equivalent rectangular ducts, Fig. 5. The same heat
retention is achieved by using a thinner layer of
insulation for round ducts than for rectangular.
The number and dimension of duct hangers is
reduced. The space between two hangers is 2.5 m
for a rectangular duct but 3.0 m for a round one,
thus reducing the required number of hangers and
the cost and installation time needed by some
20%.
Round tubeformers can be taken to the jobsite.
Automated rectangular duct system are large and
permanently installed at the factory. This increases
the transport cost and chance of damage during
transit.
The installed cost (inclusive of transportation,
packaging, waste, etc.) is considerably lower for
round ducts than for rectangular with the same
equivalent cross section. As shown in Fig. 6 - 11

Right to alterations reserved.

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Transfer

Manufacturing of the ducts and fittings is highly

automated and subject to systematic, industrial
quality control.

Safid
Double Wall

It consists of a limited number of standardised

components and sizes.

SafidOval

25

Fig. 4
Flat rectangular ducts can often be replaced by
several circular ducts without any need for extra
space.
The installed cost is lower as shown in Fig. 4.
The use of two or more ducts instead of one
rectangular gives the advantages of better airflow
control, simplied air balancing and more flexible fire
zone sectioning.

SafidOval
Double Wall

There are several reasons for the lower cost of the

round duct system:

400

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Flexible

150

Safid
Flexible

In some cases even several round ducts can results

in a lower cost when replacing one rectangular duct.

10
5
Products &
Accessories

200

Lindab
Comfort

Using two round ducts instead of one rectangular

also results in a lower overall cost. Fig. 4

350

General

Notes/Standards

General

Notes/Standards

The most economical

alternative
0

e
1000

2000 x 500
1200 x 700
1000 x 800
3 x 630
2 x 800
1 x 1000

800

1800 x 350
1600 x 400
1200 x 500
6 x 400
3 x 500
2 x 630
1 x 800

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Transfer

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Fig. 6

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Rectangular
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Flexible
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1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

1200 x 200
1000 x 250
500 x 400
6 x 250
3 x 315
2 x 400
1 x 500

500

1200 x 150
800 x 200
600 x 250
400 x 350
6 x 200
3 x 250
2 x 315
1 x 400

400

600 x 150
400 x 200
300 x 300
3 x 200
2 x 250
1 x 315

315

250

600 x 100
350 x 150
250 x 200
3 x 160
2 x 200
1 x 250

200

400 x 100
250 x 150
200 x 200
3 x 125
2 x 160
1 x 200
250 x 100
150 x 150
3 x 100
2 x 125
1 x 160

160

150 x 100
2 x 100
1 x 125

125

Lindab
Comfort

0.5

1600 x 250
1200 x 300
800 x 400
600 x 600
3 x 400
2 x 500
1 x 630

630

10
6

Installed cost

100 x 100
2 x 80
1 x 100

120

The installed cost (inclusive of transportation,

packaging and waste), for ducts with the equivalent
diameter (e). In the bar chart the cost of, e.g. 2 ducts
of 200 mm diameter (arranged as shown in Fig. 4), is
compared to that of a rectangular duct 350 x 150

mm dimension. One round tube duct with the same

equivalent cross section as the rectangular duct has
been used as a base. This is always the most
economical alternative.

Right to alterations reserved.

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400 x 200

30 Pa
3

23 Pa

18 m

315

200
2

250

5
5

19 Pa

29 Pa

23 Pa

Fig. 9
System C
Round
Cost for C = 0.27 A

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Flexible
160

5
2

21 Pa

Fig. 8
System B
Round
Cost for B = 0.24 A

5
4

25 Pa

33 Pa

200

5.3 m/s

160

38 Pa

31 Pa

14 Pa

Fig. 10
System D
Round
Cost for D = 0.31 A

10
7

160
4.15 m/s

27 Pa
15 Pa
7 Pa

Right to alterations reserved.

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Flexible

5.1 m/s

26 Pa

160

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Fig. 11
System E
Round
Cost for E = 0.50 A

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6.4 m/s

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Transfer

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Double Wall

21 Pa
3

Fig. 7
System A
Rectangular

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23 Pa

SafidOval
Double Wall

24 Pa

Lindab
Comfort

6.25 m/s
q = 0.5 m3/s

200 x 200

e = 300 mm

Lindab Safe

systems as is the maximum velocity. To the right of

each drawing the installed costs for the systems are
shown in relation to that of the rectangular system.

The drawings below, Fig. 8-11, give round alternatives

to the rectangular system shown in Fig. 7 at the top. All
systems are calculated for the flow of 0.5 m3/s (q). The
highest and lowest pressure drop (Pa) is shown for all

General

Notes/Standards

When the total air flow into a large room is to be

supplied equally through a number of supply air
registers, the design shown in the two examples
below results in the same duct pressure drop
through all the registers; the air passes through the

same duct length and through the same number of

bends on its way to each register. Also here, the cost
is considerably lower and approximately halved when
using round tubes.

Fig. 12
Installation with Rectangular Ducts.

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General

Notes/Standards

4B

Safid
Double Wall

6A
End Cap
4 of 400 x 200

4A

Saddle piece
4 of
400 x 200

6B

SafidOval

Saddle piece
8 of 250 x 200

400 x 300
l = 9.8m x 2 = 19.6 m

400 x 200
l = 4.8m x
4 = 19.2 m

7
250 x 200
l = 4.0 m x 8 = 32.0 m

End Cap
2 of
400 x 300

2B
Saddle piece
2 of 400 x 300

SafidOval
Double Wall

1
500 x 400
l = 10.2 m

2A

Safid
Flexible

Safid
Rectangular

End Cap
500 x 400

Air Flow
(l/s)

Duct Dim. (m/s)

Air Veloc.
(m/s)

Duct lgth.
(m)

Nos.
off

Drop ea.

tot. (Pa)

2,400

500 x 400

12.0

10.2

2.8

28.0

2A

500 x 400

2B

2,400/1,200

500 x 400 / 400 x 300

12.0/10.0

45.0

1,200

400 x 300

10.0

9.8x2=19.6

2.8

27.4

4A

400 x 300

4B

1,200/600

400 x 300 / 400 x 200

10.0/7.5

36.0

600

400 x 200

7.5

4.8x4=19.2

2.5

12.0

6A

400 x 200

6B

600 / 300

400 x 200 / 250 x 200

7.5 / 6.0

9.0

300

250 x 200

6.0

4.8x8=32.0

Lindab
Comfort

Products &
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10
8

Pressure

No.

8
2.0
8.0
Total Pressure Drop (Pa) 165.4
Total Installation Cost: R

Right to alterations reserved.

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General

Notes/Standards

T-piece
2 x 400-315

Lindab
Transfer

T-piece
4 x 315-250

400
l = 9.3m x 2 = 18.6 m

315
l = 4.4 x 4
= 17.6 m

250
l = 4.2 x 8 = 33.6 m

Safid
Double Wall

Lindab Safe

SafidVent

Fig. 13
Installation with round tubes and fittings.

SafidOval

1
500
l = 9.6 m
2

Safid
Flexible

SafidOval
Double Wall

T-piece
500 x 400

Air Veloc.
(m/s)

Duct lgth.
(m)

Nos.
off

Drop ea.

tot. (Pa)

2,400

500

12.2

9.6

2.2

21.1

2,400/1,200

500 / 400

12.2 / 9.5

44.0

1,200

400

9.5

9.3x2=18.6

1.9

45.0

1,200 / 600

400 / 315

9.5 / 7.7

27.4

600

315

7.7

4.4 x 4=17.6

1.9

8.4

600 / 300

315 / 250

7.7 / 6.1

21.0

300

250

6.1

4.2x8=33.6

8
1.6
6.7
Total Pressure Drop (Pa) 150.0
Total Installation Cost: = 0.51 R

All price comparisons are based on the normal costs for producing round ducts in a Lindab Tubeformer with
standard strip widths.
Right to alterations reserved.

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copyright SAFID 2007 - All Rights Reserved

10
9
Products &
Accessories

Duct Dim. (m/s)

Lindab
Comfort

Air Flow
(l/s)

Safid
Flexible

Pressure

No.

Fig. 14
Ducts with external fire insulation - comparisons between rectangular duct and round tube
(Mineralwool covered with Aluminum foil)

Safid
Flexible

Safid
Rectangular

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Double Wall

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General

Notes/Standards

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Comfort

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10
10

Insulation Material Volume Relative Installation Costs

(l/m duct)
(cost/meter duct)

Thickness (mm)
Perimeter

Duct

Fire Class
A15

Fire Class

A30

A60

A15

A30

Fire Class
A60

Circular Duct 250

.785

30

50

100

24

39

78

Relation Circular/Rectangular

.87

.75

.71

.71

.67

.62

.62

Rectangular Duct 250 x 200

.900

40

70

140

36

63

126

Standardized ducts and components

The components of a round ductwork system are
generally standardized allowing for ease of stock
keeping and shorter delivery times. Rectangular duct
and fittings are generally custom made.
Due to standardization of sizes, a comprehensive
range of fittings and ducts can be kept in stock. The
duct diameters for the standard sizes follow a
geometrical progression of cross sectional area with
an approximate increase of the diameter of 25% over
each step. The metric dimensions which are included
in the coming CEN standard are shown in th table
below.
Nominal
Internal
Diameter
mm

Perimeter
area per
metre length
in m2

Nominal
Internal
Diameter
mm

Perimeter
area per
metre length
in m2

63

0.198

500

1.571

80

0.251

560

1.760

100

0.314

630

1.979

125

0.393

710

2.229

160

0.502

800

2.512

200

0.628

900

2.826

250

0.785

1000

3.142

315

0.990

1120

3.517

355

1.115

1250

3.927

400

1.257

1400

4.400

450

1.413

1600

5.030

Rectangular and flat oval ducts are nearly always

manufactured tailor made for every individual
insulation, the variations are practically infinite as
both widths and heights vary, eg. a bend can either
turn around the cheek or the wrapper.
The round tubes can easily be cut to exact length on
site and are thus much more amenable to alterations.
The rectangular ducts have to be made exactly to
measure, any site alteration and adjustment is more
difficult.

A30

A60

.92

.85

.60

The space "Myth"

In most instances when all factors are considered,
round ductwork takes up no more space than
rectangular.
The space required to install tubes is often equal or
even less than that of a rectangular with similar
pressure characteristics. Many rectangular system
rely on 4-bolt connector system which can add from
40 to 80mm in all dimensions.
40 mm
30 mm
20 mm
Low

Fig. 15

Medium

l1

High

l1

l2

l2

As these slip joints cover the duct width, they require

an available space of the same order on either side
of the duct. Often, when space is restricted, e.g.
when ducts are installed above the false ceiling in an
office corridor or in a duct shaft and the ducts are
only accessible from one side/end, severe problems
arise duct to the inwards facing joint sections.
Fig. 16

This will not only raise the costs of the installation

and prolong the time needed for the job, but also
reduce the air-tightness qualities of the ducts.

Right to alterations reserved.

A15

is a registered trade mark.

copyright SAFID 2007 - All Rights Reserved

Fig. 18
d=0.957d

500
630

c=0.71d
d

800
b=0.29d

1 000

1 250

a=0.043d

0.5

0.6

l1/6

l1/6

Round is the weight saver

Superior structural integrity allows for thinner sheet
metal to be used in equal situations.
The weight and bulk of a round duct system is less than
that of a rectangular, this influences the cost level and
makes it easier to install.

0.9

However the English HVAC DW/142 specification for

sheet metal ductwork specifies the gauges for spirally
wound tubes:
Maximum diameter mm

Thickness (mm)

205

762

1020

1525

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

The complete weight for a typical system comprising a

normal conbination of straight duct ducts, bends and
diffusers, is between 30 and 40% higher for a
rectangular system than for a round system.

Pressure drop is reduced

Pressure drop through a round system is significantly
less than a volumetrically equal rectangular system. This
is due to the inherently superior streamlining through
round duct and fittings (especially pressed LindabSafe
fittings) and, of course, the superior air-tight
characteristic already discussed in Section 1.
This lower pressure drop characteristic translates into
lower system operating cost allowing more efficient fan
selection.

Some investigations of ventilation systems in building

that have been classified as "sick" have shown that dust,
fungus, etc., collected in supply and return air ducts
have added to the emission load and thus to the "sick
building" problem. The need for clean supply air ducts
has been stressed on several international Healthy
Building Conferences. New building regulations in some
countries, e.g. Sweden, also require regular inspection of
the ductwork and internal cleaning when needed.
The cleaning methods (dry or wet) and cleaning tools
(rotating brushes connected to heavy duty vacuum
cleaners) used for internal duct cleaning are easier and
cheaper to apply to round than to rectangular ducts, due
to the standard diameter of the round ducts and superior
geometry.

Right to alterations reserved.

0.8

SafidVent
Lindab Safe

Inside cleaning of ducts

800<l1 2 000

l1/2

Thickness (mm) 0.4

Lindab
Transfer

With these accurate but inexpensive devices the

ventilation systems can be equipped with fixed
measuring units a low cost method which enables
regular check-ups or continuous monitoring.
A decreasing air flow has often been found to be the
reason for a sound building turning "sick". A fact that
has been stressed on many air quality conferences
during the last few years.
Also when making site measurements for control
purposes, the round ducts are easier to work with.
When using the classic Prandtl-method the round duct,
regardless of size, has to be measured through two
holes at right angles. The rectangular duct will have to
be measured through several test holes, the larger duct,
the higher the number of holes for collecting the data
needed to get the same measuring accuracy as for the
round duct.

Safid
Double Wall

Diameter mm
0-80 (80)-160 (160)-135 (315)-800 (800)-1250

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copyright SAFID 2007 - All Rights Reserved

10
11
Products &
Accessories

Flow Measuring Unit

FMU

Lindab
Comfort

Measuring Bend
MBU

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Double Wall

Fig. 17

Safid
Flexible

It is easier to measure the air flow passing through a

round tube than a rectangular duct. There are many flow
measurement units especially designed for round tubes
available on the market.

One individual is able to install round tube systems up to

200mm diameter single handed, whilst two people are
always needed to install rectangular of any size. For the
same free cross sectional area the round tube is less
material consuming. It has a shorter perimeter and uses
simpler connections. The more rigid construction of a
spiral wound round tube allows reduced steel gauge for
the smaller and most frequently used duct dimensions
due to the more rigid construction of a spiral wound
round tube.
This is shown in the following Swedish standard
specification for spiral wound ducts BFS 1988:18,
chapter 4:13 for new buildings:

Safid
Flexible

Air flow measurements made the easy way

General

Notes/Standards

LindabSafe - the patented leakproof duct

system
LindabSafe is an approved range of quick-fitting,
spiral seam tubes and fittings with factory-fitted
double sealing gasket of EPDM rubber. The double
sealing gasket provides a tight and reliable joint and
is not affected by temperature fluctuations.
LindabSafe is available as a complete range with
dimensions from 63mm diameter up to and including
1250mm diameter.
LindabSafe complies with tightness class B (and C).
The high, uniform quality and the effective factoryfitted sealing system means that installation is fast
and easy. LindabSafe is leakproof when fitted and
does not require any retrosealing.

Fig. 20

Type
7
9
11
14
20
Diameter 63 - 180 200 - 280 300 - 500 560 - 900 1000 - 1400

The LindabSafe sealing gasket is designed in the

form of a U-profile of homogenius rubber. The rubber
gasket is located in a groove at the end of fitting and
is securely attached by a steel band.

Tolerance
range

Fig. 19

When manufacture with a rolled over leading edge.

LindaSafe meets leakage class C requirement for all
sizes from 63mm to 1250mm diameter.

Safid
Flexible

Safid
Rectangular

Under British and European standards, there is a

greater tolerance range between duct and fitting as
the diameters increase. In order to obtain the
maximum seal for all dimensions, successively
heavier rubber gasket are used for increasing duct
dimensions in accordance with the group divisions in
the table below.

0.7 - 1.9 0.7 - 2.3 0.7 - 2.9

0.7 - 3.8

0.7 - 6.0

30
1500 - 1600
0.7 - 6.6

The advantages of LindabSafe are many:

Fast and easy installation.
Factory-fitted gasket without any loose parts.
Adjustable, twisting and fine adjustment involve
no risk of leakage.
Enviromentally friendly as it is fitted without putty
which contains solvents.
Can be fitted in all kinds of weather.
Temperature resistant from -30 oC to +100 oC.
Double sealing minimizes the risk of leakage in the
event of damage.
Withstands negative and positive pressure up to
3000 Pa (300mm WG).
Internal and external production control.
Aesthetic design; an advantage for visible
installation.
Tightness insured by the manufacturer.

Fig. 22

Lindab
Comfort

Products &
Accessories

10
12

When the fitting is connected to the duct, the flange

or the U-shaped seal will be compressed. The gasket
withstands positive pressure with inherent elasticity;
the gasket withstands negative pressure with
inflation. The system withstands positive pressure up
to 3000 Pa (300mm WG) and negative pressure down
to 5000 Pa (500mm WG).

Construction

SafidOval
Double Wall

SafidOval

Safid
Double Wall

Lindab
Transfer

Lindab Safe

SafidVent

General

Notes/Standards

The LindabSafe principle

The double sealing gasket fits tightly against the tube. The gasket is made in several dimensions to fit the diameter of the tubes.
Right to alterations reserved.

is a registered trade mark.

copyright SAFID 2007 - All Rights Reserved

The leakage factor in (l/s)/m2 gives the flow of air that

leaks out of or into the system in l/s relative to the
surface area of the ductwork in m2.

The joint length of the system was 41.8 metres. The

perimeter area was calculated to be 27.9m2.
4

13

10

13

Fig. 22
6

4
15
8

Maximum leakage factor class C DW 143)

12 4

Dimensions ranging from

80 mm to 500 mm.

Lindab
Transfer

6
19

18

0.2

17
13

19

0.1

22
4

(x Tested leakage factor, LindabSafe)

Safid
Double Wall

(l/s/m2)

4 16
15

SafidVent

All ductwork and fittings fitted with the LindabSafe

system, are included in the type approval certificates
of leakage up to and including class C.

Figure 23 shows the components and the layout of

the system tested, constructed entirely of Safe
fittings, accessories and spirally wound tubing. No
other forms of sealing agent were used.

Lindab Safe

Leakage classification test

General

Notes/Standards

20

26

13

Total
pressure
on test
Pa
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000

Total system Total system Maximum Relationship

leakage
leakage
leakage
received
flowrate
received
class C
against
l/s
(l/s)/m2
(l/s)/m2
class C
%
3.11
0.112
0.147
76.2
3.94
0.140
0.192
72.9
4.61
0.165
0.231
71.4
5.16
0.184
0.267
68.9
5.69
0.202
0.301
67.1
6.19
0.222
0.333
66.7
6.58
0.236
0.363
65.0
6.94
0.249
0.392
63.5
7.6
0.262
0.420
62.4

Testing and classification

The first approval certificate (No. 1358/88) was
obtained from the National Testing Institute of
Sweden, carrying out a leakage classification test on
the LindabSafe system. The test was carried out in
accordance with Eurovent 2/2.
The graph in fig 22 shows the leakage limits for
classification "C" along with the received leakage
readings of the test.
Reverified tests in Switzerland have shown that the
LindabSafe system by far exedes the CEN/Eurovent
2/2 Class "C" standard for air leakage.

24

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27

SRFA
SRFG
RCU
MF
BU
RCLU
SLU
SR
PSDRU
BFU
TU
NPEU
EPF
NPU
TCU
DRU
SNPU
SMF
RLU
BSU
RU
ESU
BKCU
BU
BU
KLU
PSUU

23
16 4
4

27

8
25

6
8

4 15

13
4

Flexible aluminium duct

Flexible galvanized duct
Pressed concentric reducer
Female coupler
Pressed bend 45
Elongated concentric reducer
Sound attenuator 3005
Spiral duct
Clean-out damper
Segmented bend 90 radius 1.0 x d
Excentric tee-piece 90
Expandable connector
Female end cup
Male coupler
Concentric tee-piece 90
Regulating damper
Male coupler for flexible ducts
Female coupler for flexible ducts
Eccentric elongated reducer
Pressed bend 90 radius 1.5 x d
Eccentric short reducer
Male end cup
90 pressed bend with clean-out section
Pressed bend 90 radius 1.0 x d
Pressed bend 15 radius 1.0 x d
Constant flow unit
90 collar saddle with gasket

Right to alterations reserved.

22

is a registered trade mark.

copyright SAFID 2000 - All Rights Reserved

SafidOval
Double Wall

19

Safid
Flexible

4
3

2000

Safid
Flexible

1000

10
13
Products &
Accessories

500
Static Pressure (Pa)

Lindab
Comfort

21

0.05

SafidOval

Lindab Safe

SafidVent

General

Notes/Standards

Strength

The Beauty of Round

Round duct systems enjoy the strongest natural

shape for withstanding pressure. Add to this a helical
stiffener, 4 times the thickness of the tube in the form
of the lockseam, and you have a very rigid structure.
The bar-chart shows the maximum negative pressure
an undamaged spirally wound duct can withstand
without collapsing.

Finally, there is no question that when ductwork must

be exposed, round is the duct of choice for
applications where the ductwork is an architectural
feature.

Fig. 24

SafidOval

Safid
Double Wall

Lindab
Transfer

Deformation negative pressure (kPa)

70
59.3

50

46.7

40

36.3

30

25.9

25.5

18.0
14.5

20

16.6
10.2

10

4.6

2.3 3.0

4.7

3.0 1.4 2.1

Safid
Flexible

Safid
Rectangular

63
80
100
125
160
200
224
250
315
400
500
630
800
900
1000
1250

SafidOval
Double Wall

mm
t=1.0 t=1.20 Gauge

t=0.8

t=0.6

Nom.
diameter

The bar-chart shows the maximum positive pressure

an undamaged duct can withstand without bursting.
Fig. 25
Deformation positive pressure (kPa)
1500

1500
1300
1100

10
14

1000

900
700

725

Products &
Accessories

570

650
560

600
500

450

500

320
250

380
250

63
80
100
125
160
200
224
250
315
400
500
630
800
900
1000
1250

Lindab
Comfort

t=0.6

Nom.
diameter

mm
t=1.0 t=1.25 Gauge

t=0.8

Right to alterations reserved.

is a registered trade mark.

copyright SAFID 2007 - All Rights Reserved

Notes/Standards
Circular Equivalents of Rectangular Ducts
for Equal Friction and Capacity (U.S. Units)

8.0
5.2
5.7
6.1

9.0
5.5
6.0
6.4

10.0
5.7
6.3
6.7

11.0
6.0
6.5
7.0

12.0
6.2
6.8
7.3

13.0
6.4
7.0
7.6

14.0
6.6
7.2
7.8

15.0
6.8
7.5
8.1

16.0
7.0
7.7
8.3

4.5
5.0
5.5

4.6
4.9
5.1

4.9
5.2
5.4

5.2
5.5
5.7

5.4
5.7
6.0

5.7
6.0
6.3

5.9
6.2
6.5

6.1
6.4
6.8

6.3
6.7
7.0

6.5
6.9
7.2

6.9
7.3
7.6

7.2
7.6
8.0

7.5
8.0
8.4

7.8
8.3
8.7

8.1
8.6
9.0

8.4
8.9
9.3

8.6
9.1
9.6

8.8
9.4
9.9

Side
Rectangular
Duct
6
7
8
9
10

6
6.6
7.1
7.6
8.0
8.4

7.7
8.2
8.7
9.1

8.7
9.3 9.8
9.8 10.4

10.9

11
12
13
14
15

8.8
9.1
9.5
9.8
10.1

9.5
9.9
10.3
10.7
11.0

10.2
10.7
11.1
11.5
11.8

10.9
11.3
11.8
12.2
12.6

16
17
18
19
20

10.4
10.7
11.0
11.2
11.5

11.3
11.6
11.9
12.2
12.5

12.2
12.5
12.9
13.2
13.5

22
24
26
28
30

12.0
12.4
12.8
13.2
13.6

13.0
13.5
14.0
14.5
14.9

32
34
36
38
40

14.0
14.4
14.7
15.0
15.3

42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
68
70
72
74
76
78
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
96

10

11

12

11.5
12.0
12.4
12.9
13.3

12.0
12.6
13.1
13.5
14.0

13.1
13.7
14.2
14.6

14.2
14.7 15.3
15.3 15.8

16.4

13.0
13.4
13.7
14.1
14.4

13.7
14.1
14.5
14.9
15.2

14.4
14.9
15.3
15.7
16.0

15.1
15.9
16.0
16.4
16.8

15.7
16.2
16.7
17.1
17.5

16.4
16.8
17.3
17.8
18.2

16.9
17.4
17.9
18.4
18.9

17.5
18.0
18.5
19.0
19.5

18.6
19.1
19.6
20.1

19.7
20.2 20.8
20.4 21.3 21.9

14.1
14.6
15.1
15.6
16.1

15.0
15.6
16.2
16.7
17.2

15.9
16.5
17.1
17.7
18.3

16.8
17.4
18.1
18.7
19.3

17.6
18.3
19.0
19.6
20.2

18.3
19.1
19.8
20.5
21.1

19.1
19.9
20.6
21.3
22.0

19.8
20.6
21.4
22.1
22.9

20.4
21.3
22.1
22.9
23.7

21.1
22.0
22.9
23.7
24.4

21.7
22.7
23.5
24.4
25.2

22.3
23.3
24.2
25.1
25.9

22.9
23.9
24.9
25.8
26.6

24.0
25.1
26.1
27.1
28.0

26.2
27.3 28.4
28.3 29.5 30.6
29.3 30.5 31.7 32.8

22
24
26
28
30

15.3
15.7
16.1
16.5
16.8

16.5
17.0
17.4
17.8
18.2

17.7
18.2
18.6
19.0
19.5

18.8
19.3
19.8
20.2
20.7

19.8
20.4
20.9
21.4
21.8

20.5
21.4
21.9
22.4
22.9

21.8
22.4
22.9
23.5
24.0

22.7
23.3
23.9
24.5
25.0

23.5
24.2
24.8
25.4
26.0

24.4
25.1
25.7
26.4
27.0

25.2
25.9
26.6
27.2
27.9

26.0
26.7
27.4
28.1
28.8

26.7
27.5
28.2
28.9
29.6

27.5
28.3
29.0
29.8
30.5

28.9
29.7
30.5
31.3
32.1

30.2
31.0
32.0
32.8
33.6

31.5
32.4
33.3
34.2
35.1

32.7
33.7
34.6
35.6
36.4

33.9
34.9
35.9
36.8
37.8

32
34
36
38
40

15.6
15.9
16.2
16.5
16.8

17.1
17.5
17.8
18.1
18.4

18.5
18.9
19.3
19.6
19.9

19.9
20.3
20.6
21.0
21.4

21.1
21.5
21.9
22.3
22.7

22.3
22.7
23.2
23.6
24.0

23.4
23.9
24.4
24.8
25.2

24.5
25.0
25.5
26.0
26.4

25.6
26.1
26.6
27.1
27.6

26.6
27.1
27.7
28.2
28.7

27.6
28.1
28.7
29.2
29.8

28.5
29.1
29.7
30.2
30.8

29.4
30.0
30.6
31.2
31.8

30.3
30.9
31.6
32.2
32.8

31.2
31.8
32.5
33.1
33.7

32.8
33.5
34.2
34.9
35.5

34.4
35.1
35.9
36.6
37.2

35.9
36.7
37.4
38.2
38.9

37.3
38.1
38.9
39.7
40.5

38.7
39.5
40.4
41.2
42.0

42
44
46
48
50

17.1
17.3
17.6
17.8
18.1

18.7
19.0
19.3
19.5
19.8

20.2
20.6
20.9
21.2
21.5

21.7
22.0
22.4
22.7
23.0

23.1
23.5
23.8
24.2
24.5

24.4
24.8
25.2
25.5
25.9

25.7
26.1
26.5
26.9
27.3

26.9
27.3
27.7
28.2
28.6

28.0
28.5
28.9
29.4
29.8

29.2
29.7
30.1
30.6
31.0

30.3
30.8
31.2
31.7
32.2

31.3
31.8
32.3
32.8
33.3

32.3
32.9
33.4
33.9
34.4

33.3
33.9
34.4
35.0
35.5

34.3
34.9
35.4
36.0
36.5

36.2
36.8
37.4
38.0
38.5

37.9
38.6
39.2
39.8
40.4

39.6
40.3
41.0
41.6
42.3

41.2
41.9
42.7
43.3
44.0

42.8
43.5
44.3
45.0
45.7

52
54
56
58
60

20.1
20.3
20.6
20.8
21.1

21.7
22.0
22.3
22.6
22.6

23.3
23.6
23.9
24.2
24.5

24.8
25.1
25.5
25.8
26.1

26.3
26.6
26.9
27.3
27.6

27.6
28.0
28.4
28.7
29.1

28.9
29.3
29.7
30.1
30.4

30.2
30.6
31.0
31.4
31.8

31.5
31.9
32.3
32.7
33.1

32.6
33.1
33.5
33.9
34.4

33.8
34.3
34.7
35.2
35.6

34.9
35.4
35.9
36.3
36.8

36.0
36.5
37.0
37.5
37.9

37.1
37.6
38.1
38.6
39.1

39.1
39.6
40.2
40.7
41.2

41.0
41.6
42.2
42.8
43.3

42.9
43.5
44.1
44.7
45.3

44.7
45.3
46.0
46.6
47.2

46.4
47.1
47.7
48.4
49.0

62
64
66
68
70

23.1
23.3
23.6
23.8
24.1

24.8
25.1
25.3
25.6
25.8

26.4
26.7
27.0
27.3
27.5

27.9
28.2
28.5
28.8
29.1

29.4
29.7
30.0
30.4
30.7

30.8
31.2
31.5
31.8
32.2

32.2
32.5
32.9
33.3
33.6

33.5
33.9
34.3
34.6
35.0

34.8
35.2
35.6
36.0
36.3

36.0
36.4
36.8
37.2
37.6

37.2
37.7
38.1
38.5
38.9

38.4
38.8
39.3
39.7
40.2

39.5
40.0
40.5
40.9
41.4

41.7
42.2
42.7
43.2
43.7

43.8
44.4
44.9
45.4
45.9

45.8
46.4
47.0
47.5
48.0

47.8
48.4
48.9
49.5
50.1

49.6
50.3
50.9
51.4
52.0

72
74
76
78
80

26.1
26.4
26.6
26.9
27.1

27.8
28.1
28.3
28.6
28.9

29.4
29.7
30.0
30.3
30.6

31.0
31.3
31.6
31.9
32.2

32.5
32.8
33.1
33.4
33.8

34.0
34.3
34.6
34.9
35.3

35.4
35.7
36.1
36.4
36.7

36.7
37.1
37.4
37.8
38.2

38.0
38.4
38.8
39.2
39.5

39.3
39.7
40.1
40.5
40.9

40.6
41.0
41.4
41.8
42.2

41.8
42.2
42.6
43.1
43.5

44.1
44.6
45.0
45.5
45.9

46.4
46.9
47.3
47.8
48.3

48.5
49.0
49.6
50.0
50.5

50.6
51.1
51.7
52.2
52.7

52.6
53.2
53.7
54.3
54.8

82
84
86
88
90

41.3 42.6 43.9 46.4 48.7 51.0 53.2 55.3

42.0 43.3 44.7 47.2 49.6 52.0 54.2 56.4

92
96

29.1 30.8 32.5

29.6 31.4 33.0

13

14

34.1 35.6
34.7 36.2

15

16

17

18

19

20

22

26

28

30

11
12
13
14
15

37.1 38.5 39.9

37.7 39.2 40.6

16
17
18
19
20

Right to alterations reserved.

24

Side
Rectangular
Duct
6
7
8
9
10

is a registered trade mark.

copyright SAFID 2007 - All Rights Reserved

Lindab Safe

7.5
5.1
5.5
5.9

Lindab
Transfer

7.0
4.9
5.3
5.7

Safid
Double Wall

6.5
4.7
5.2
5.5

SafidOval

6.0
4.6
5.0
5.3

SafidOval
Double Wall

5.5
4.4
4.8
5.1

Safid
Flexible

5.0
4.2
4.6
4.9

Safid
Flexible

4.5
4.0
4.3
4.6

10
15
Products &
Accessories

4.0
3.8
4.1
4.4

Lindab
Comfort

Side
Rectangular
Duct
3.0
3.5
4.0

SafidVent

General

Dimensions in inches

Notes/Standards

Safid
Flexible

Safid
Rectangular

SafidOval
Double Wall

SafidOval

Safid
Double Wall

Lindab
Transfer

Lindab Safe

SafidVent

General

Circular Equivalents of Rectangular Ducts

for Equal Friction and Capacity (U.S. Units)
Dimensions in inches
Side
Rectangular
Duct
32
34
36
38
40

32
35.0
36.1
37.1
38.1
39.0

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

50

52

56

60

64

68

72

37.2
38.2 39.4
39.3 40.4 41.5
40.3 41.5 42.6

80

43.7

42
44
46
48
50

40.0
40.9
41.8
42.6
43.6

41.3
42.2
43.1
44.0
44.9

42.5
43.5
44.4
45.3
46.2

43.7
44.7
45.7
46.6
47.5

44.8
45.8
46.9
47.9
48.8

45.9
47.0
48.0
49.1
50.0

48.1
49.2
50.2
51.2

50.3
51.4 52.5
52.4 53.6

54.7

52
54
56
58
60

44.3
45.1
45.8
46.6
47.3

45.7
46.5
47.3
48.1
48.9

47.1
48.0
48.8
49.6
50.4

48.4
49.3
50.2
51.0
51.9

49.7
50.7
51.6
52.4
53.3

51.0
52.0
52.9
53.8
54.7

52.2
53.2
54.2
55.1
60.0

53.4
54.4
55.4
56.4
57.3

54.6
55.6
56.6
57.6
58.6

55.7
56.8
57.8
58.8
59.8

56.8
57.9
59.0 61.2
60.0 62.3
61.0 63.4

65.6

62
64
66
68
70

48.0
48.7
49.4
50.1
50.8

49.6
50.4
51.1
51.8
52.5

51.2
51.9
52.7
53.4
54.1

52.7
53.5
54.2
55.0
55.7

54.1
54.9
55.7
56.5
57.3

55.5
56.4
57.2
58.0
58.8

56.9
57.8
58.6
59.4
60.3

58.2
59.1
60.0
60.8
61.7

59.5
60.4
61.3
62.2
63.1

60.8
61.7
62.6
63.6
64.4

62.0
63.0
63.9
64.9
65.8

64.4
65.4
66.4
67.4
68.3

66.7
67.7
68.8
69.8
70.8

70.0
71.0
72.1 74.3
73.2 75.4

72
74
76
78
80

51.4
52.1
52.7
53.3
53.9

53.2
53.8
54.5
55.1
55.8

54.8
55.5
56.2
56.9
57.5

56.5
57.2
57.9
58.6
59.3

58.0
58.8
59.5
60.2
60.9

59.6
60.3
61.1
61.8
62.6

61.1
61.9
62.6
63.4
64.1

62.5
63.3
64.1
64.9
65.7

63.9
64.8
65.6
66.4
67.2

65.3
66.2
67.0
67.9
68.7

66.7
67.5
68.4
69.3
70.1

69.3
70.2
71.1
72.0
72.9

71.8
72.7
73.7
74.6
75.4

74.2
75.2
76.2
77.1
78.1

76.5
77.5
78.6
79.6
80.6

78.7
79.8
80.9 83.1
81.9 84.2
82.9 85.2 87.5

82
84
86
88
90

54.5
55.1
55.7
56.3
56.8

56.4
57.0
57.6
58.2
58.8

58.2
58.8
59.4
60.1
60.7

59.9
60.6
61.2
61.9
62.5

61.6
62.3
63.0
63.6
64.3

63.3
64.0
34.7
65.4
66.0

64.9
65.6
66.3
67.0
67.7

66.5
67.2
67.9
68.7
69.4

68.0
68.7
69.5
70.2
71.0

69.5
70.3
71.0
71.8
72.6

70.9
71.7
72.5
73.3
74.1

73.7
74.6
75.4
76.3
77.1

76.4
77.3
78.2
79.1
79.9

79.0
80.0
80.9
81.8
82.7

81.5
82.5
83.5
84.4
85.3

84.0
85.0
85.9
86.9
87.9

92
94
96

57.4
57.9
58.4

59.3 61.3 63.1

59.9 61.9 63.7
60.5 62.4 64.3

84

88

32
34
36
38
40

64.9 66.7 68.4

65.6 67.3 69.1
66.2 68.0 69.7

70.1 71.7
70.8 72.4
71.5 73.1

42
44
46
48
50

73.3 74.9 77.9

74.0 75.6 78.7
74.8 76.3 79.4

52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
68
70

82
84
86
88
90

80.8 83.5 86.2 88.8 91.3 93.7 96.1 98.4

81.6 84.4 87.1 89.7 92.3 94.7 97.1 99.4
82.4 85.3 88.0 90.7 93.2 95.7 98.1 100.5

92
94
96

Equation for Circular Equivalent of a Rectangular Duct:

De = 1.30 [(ab)0.625/(a+b)0.250]

Lindab
Comfort

Products &
Accessories

a = length of one side of rectangular duct, inches.

b = length of adjacent side of rectangular duct, inches.
De = circular equivalent of rectangular duct for equal friction and capacity, inches.

Right to alterations reserved.

is a registered trade mark.

copyright SAFID 2007 - All Rights Reserved

86.3
87.3
88.3
89.3
90.3

88.5
89.6
90.7
91.7
92.7

72
74
76
78
80

91.8
92.9
94.0 96.2
95.0 97.3

where

10
16

76

Side
Rectangular
Duct

Notes/Standards
Circular Equivalents of Rectangular Ducts
for Equal Friction and Capacity (Metric)

350

400 450

500

550

600

650

700

750

137
150
161
172

164
177 191
189 204

219

225
250
275
300
350

161
169
176
183
195

181
190
199
207
222

200
210
220
229
245

216
228
238
248
267

232
244
256
266
286

246
259
272
283
305

273
287
299
322

301
314 328
339 354

383

400
450
500
550
600

207
217
227
236
245

235
247
258
269
279

260
274
287
299
310

283
299
313
326
339

305
321
337
352
365

325
343
360
375
390

343
363
381
398
414

361
382
401
419
436

378
400
420
439
457

409
433
455
477
496

437
464
488
511
533

492
518
543
567

547
573
598

601
628

656

650
700
750
800
900

253
261
268
275
289

289
298
306
314
330

321
331
341
350
367

351
362
373
383
402

378
391
402
414
435

404
418
430
442
465

429
443
457
470
494

452
467
482
496
522

474
490
506
520
548

515
533
550
567
597

553
573
592
609
643

589
610
630
649
686

622
644
666
687
726

653
677
700
722
763

683
708
732
755
799

711
737
763
787
833

765
792
818
866

820
847
897

1000
1100
1200
1300
1400

301
313
324
334
344

344
358
370
382
394

384
399
413
426
439

420
437
453
468
482

454
473
490
506
522

486
506
525
543
559

517
538
558
577
595

546
569
590
610
629

574
598
620
642
662

626
652
677
701
724

674
703
731
757
781

719
751
780
808
835

762
795
827
857
886

802
838
872
904
934

840 876
878 916
914 954
948 990
980 1024

911
953
993
1031
1066

1500
1600
1700
1800
1900

353
362
371
379
387

404
415
425
434
444

452
463
475
485
496

495
508
521
533
544

536
551
564
577
590

575
591
605
619
633

612
629
644
660
674

648
665
682
698
713

681
700
718
735
751

745
766
785
804
823

805
827
849
869
889

860
885
908
930
952

913
939
964
988
1012

963
991
1018
1043
1068

1011
1041
1069
1096
1122

1057
1088
1118
1146
1174

2000
2100
2200
2300
2400

395
402
410
417
424

453
461
470
478
486

506
516
525
534
543

555
566
577
587
597

602
614
625
636
647

646
659
671
683
695

688
702
715
728
740

728
743
757
771
784

767
782
797
812
826

840
857
874
890
905

908
927
945
963
980

973
993
1013
1031
1050

1034
1055
1076
1097
1116

1092
1115
1137
1159
1180

1147
1172
1195
1218
1241

2500
2600
2700
2800
2900

430
437
443
450
456

494
501
509
516
523

552
560
569
577
585

606
616
625
634
643

658
668
678
688
697

706
717
728
738
749

753
764
776
787
798

797
810
822
834
845

840
853
866
879
891

920
935
950
964
977

996
1012
1028
1043
1058

1068
1085
1102
1119
1135

1136
1154
1173
1190
1208

1200
1220
1240
1256
1277

Side
100
Rectangular
Duct

125

150 175

200 225

250

275 300

350

400 450

500

550

800 900

100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
350

875
927 984

650
700
750
800
900

Safid
Double Wall

944
988
1030
1069
1107

976
1022
1066
1107
1146

1037
1086
1133
1177
1220

1000
1100
1200
1300
1400

SafidOval

400
450
500
550
600

SafidVent

275 300

Lindab Safe

250

Lindab
Transfer

200 225

1100
1133
1164
1195
1224

1143
1177
1209
1241
1271

1183
1219
1253
1286
1318

1260
1298
1335
1371
1405

1500
1600
1700
1800
1900

1200
1226
1251
1275
1299

1252
1279
1305
1330
1355

1301
1329
1356
1383
1409

1348
1378
1406
1434
1461

1438
1470
1501
1532
1561

2000
2100
2200
2300
2400

1262
1283
1304
1324
1344

1322
1344
1366
1387
1408

1379
1402
1425
1447
1469

1434
1459
1483
1506
1529

1488
1513
1538
1562
1586

1589
1617
1644
1670
1696

2500
2600
2700
2800
2900

600

650

700

750

800 900

Side
Rectangular
Duct

SafidOval
Double Wall

150 175

109
122
133
143
152

Safid
Flexible

125

100
125
150
175
200

Side
Rectangular
Duct

Safid
Flexible

Side
Rectangular
Duct
100

General

Dimensions in mm

Lindab
Comfort

Products &
Accessories

10
17

Right to alterations reserved.

is a registered trade mark.

copyright SAFID 2007 - All Rights Reserved

Notes/Standards
Dimensions in mm

SafidVent

1093
1146
1196
1244
1289

1202
1256 1312
1306 1365 1421
1354 1416 1475 1530

1500
1600
1700
1800
1900

1332
1373
1413
1451
1488

1400
1444
1486
1527
1566

1464
1511
1555
1598
1640

1526
1574
1621
1667
1710

1584
1635
1684
1732
1778

1640
1393
1745
1794
1842

1749
1803 1858
1854 1912 1968
1904 1964 2021 2077

2000
2100
2200
2300
2400

1523
1558
1591
1623
1655

1604
1640
1676
1710
1744

1680
1719
1756
1793
1828

1753
1793
1833
1871
1909

1822
1865
1906
1947
1986

1889
1933
1977
2019
2060

1952
1999
2044
2088
2131

2014
2063
2110
2155
2200

2073
2124
2173
2220
2266

2131
2183
2233
2283
2330

2186
2240
2292
2343
2393

2296
2350 2405
2402 2459 2514
2453 2511 2568 2624

2500
2600
2700
2800
2900

1685
1715
1744
1772
1800

1776
1808
1839
1869
1898

1862
1896
1929
1961
1992

1945
1980
2015
2048
2081

2024
2061
2097
2133
2167

2100
2139
2177
2214
2250

2173
2213
2253
2292
2329

2243
2285
2327
2367
2406

2311
2355
2398
2439
2480

2377
2422
2466
2510
2552

2441
2487
2533
2578
2621

2502
2551
2598
2644
2689

1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900

2562
2612
2661
2708
2755

2621
2672
2722
2771
2819

2678
2730
2782
2832
2881

2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2733
2787
2840
2891
2941

2842
2896 2952
2949 3006 3061
3001 3058 3115 3170

2500
2600
2700
2800
2900

1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700 2800 2900
Side
Side
Rectangular
Rectangular
Duct
Duct

Equation for Circular Equivalent of a Rectangular Duct:

De = 1.30 [(ab)0.625/(a+b)0.250]
where
a = length of one side of rectangular duct, mm.
b = length of adjacent side of rectangular duct, mm.
De = circular equivalent of rectangular duct for equal friction and capacity, mm.
* For available standard sizes of Spiral Duct within the SAFID product range, please see chapter 2, page 16.

Safid
Flexible

Safid
Rectangular

SafidOval
Double Wall

SafidOval

Safid
Double Wall

1000
1100
1200
1300
1400

Lindab Safe

Side
Side
Rectangular
Rectangular
Duct
Duct
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 200 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700 2800 2900

Lindab
Transfer

General

Circular Equivalents of Rectangular Ducts

for Equal Friction and Capacity (Metric)

Lindab
Comfort

Products &
Accessories

10
18

Right to alterations reserved.

is a registered trade mark.

copyright SAFID 2007 - All Rights Reserved

Notes/Standards
(Diameter of the round duct which will have the capacity and
friction equivalent to the actual duct size).
Dimensions in Inches
3

37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56

8.7

9.0
9.8

10

11

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

6.4

7.2
7.6

6.7
7.0

8.0

7.3

8.4

8.4

SafidVent

7.3
7.9

8.9

9.4
10.8 11.0
10.1 10.6
11.9
9.6
11.2 11.5
10.1 10.7
13.8
9.3
13.4 13.6

8.4
8.8

Lindab Safe

6.0

12.9
11.7 12.4

15.3

10.0 11.0

15.0
14.0 14.7

17.5

12.6 13.5

16.7

11.8

Lindab
Transfer

6.2
6.7

19.9

16.3

19.5

15.1 15.7

18.9

14.4

21.6

12.5

18.0

20.9

23.9

16.7

23.6

15.2

20.2

13.2

23.1

25.9

19.1

25.6

17.7

22.3

15.9

25.2

27.9

21.3

13.8

28.1

20.1

24.5

18.5

26.6

20.9

28.7

30.8

26.9

20.2

57
58
59
60
62

23.8

64
66
68
70
72

25.1
25.4

34.4

36.7

47.2
46.7

42.5

46.2
45.5

40.4

48.8

44.6

48.2

10
19

51.8

30.5 32.7
37.1 38.9
42.5
46.0
50.2
28.3
33.3 35.4
39.6
44.8
48.0 49.7
52.4
28.6 31.2
38.0
42.0
47.1
51.9
54.5
31.5 34.1 36.2
40.6
44.4 46.0
49.4 50.9
54.1
29.2
48.6
51.6 53.1
56.2

26.9
24.4

35.3
33.7

29.6 31.8
27.5

43.7
39.2

36.1 37.8
34.5

42.6
41.3

40.1

47.6
46.8

44.5 45.9
43.5

Right to alterations reserved.

44.1

41.5

31.0

45.2

43.3

38.1

45.6

44.7

40.3

32.9

29.1

26.0
26.3

42.0

39.3

28.4

43.1

41.2

35.8

43.5

42.6

38.1

30.2
26.3

41.1
39.9

37.0
32.0

43.8

39.1

33.4

41.5

40.5

35.9

27.7
25.7
23.3

39.0

37.8

34.8
29.4

42.0

38.5

36.9

31.1

39.5
41.8

35.6

33.7

25.0
22.8

39.8

34.7

32.5

19.6

40.0

36.4

31.4
30.2
28.6

37.4

37.0

32.5

22.1

38.0

34.3
33.5

27.7

24.3

34.9

30.3
29.1

26.1

35.4
37.8

31.3

25.3

21.5

32.8
32.2

26.8

19.1

36.0
35.8

29.2
28.1

23.5

33.4

30.0

24.4
22.7

15.9

34.0
33.7

27.0
25.7

20.8

31.3

27.9

21.9
20.1

18.6

32.0
31.7

24.7
23.4

17.9

29.3

25.7

19.3
17.3

15.4

29.9
29.7

22.4

14.9

27.2

23.5

16.6
14.3

Safid
Double Wall

5.1
5.6

SafidOval

32
33
34
35
36

6.9
7.7

SafidOval
Double Wall

27
28
29
30
31

6.6

Safid
Flexible

22
23
24
25
26

Safid
Flexible

17
18
19
20
21

Products &
Accessories

12
13
14
15
16

4
5.7

Lindab
Comfort

7
8
9
10
11

General

Spiral Flat-Oval Duct (Nominal Sizes -U.S. Units)

is a registered trade mark.

copyright SAFID 2007 - All Rights Reserved

50.4
48.5 49.7

48.1

Notes/Standards

Safid
Flexible

Safid
Rectangular

SafidOval
Double Wall

SafidOval

Safid
Double Wall

Lindab
Transfer

Lindab Safe

SafidVent

General

Spiral Flat-Oval Duct

Lindab
Comfort

Products &
Accessories

10
20

(Diameter of the round duct which will have the capacity and
friction equivalent to the actual duct size).
Dimensions in mm
75

100

175
200 130
225 142
250
275 152

145
157
170

300 163
325
350 170
375 178
400

183
193

425 183
450
475
500
525

213

550
575
600
625
650
675
700
725
750
775
800
825
850
875
900
925
950
975
1000
1025
1050
1075
1100
1125
1150
1175
1200
1225
1250
1275
1300
1325
1350
1375
1400

203

125 150 175 200 225 250

275 300 350 400

450 500

550 600 650 700

750 800

850

900 950 1000

168 175
196
185
221 229
201 213
249
226 239
274 279
213
257 269
302
224 244
284 292
257 272
236
340

351
345

328
297 315

389

254 279

381
356 373

445

320 342

424

300

505

414

495

384 399

480

366

549

318

457

531

607

424

599

386

513

335

587

658

485

650

450

566

404

640

709

541

351

714

511

622

470

754

569

676

531

729

782

683
747

513

874

605

1600
1650
1700
1750
1800

638
645

932

683
620

660
668

775 830
719
846
726 792
800 866
742

996
917

960

876
942
899

988
1006

965
919

1224
1189

1130 1166
1105

1079

1168

1316
1275

1219 1262
1196

1128 1168

1280
1232 1262

1222

1138
1067

1031

1209

1082
1049

1018

1240

1133
1110

856

699

1174
1156

1026

897

752 808

1186

1080
1054

787

1199

1100

968

836

739

1148

1120

998

721

1158

1135

1023

767
668

1095
1082

1046

909

1105

1067

940
813

592

1425
1450
1475
1500
1550

1013
993
968

704
653

1044
1029

912
848

1054
1113

960

884

579

991

937

790

1067

978

856

635

1004
1062

904

826

498

1011

881

726

1016

925

798
767

561

950

939

826

663

965

871
851

504

617

886

770
739

485

899
960

795

643

546

833
818

681

404

914
909

742
714

597

848

762

620
577

472

864
856

686
653

528

795

709

556
511

391

813
805

627
594

455

744

653

490
439
378

759

597

422
363

691

1331
1318

1384
1255 1293
1374
1234
1311 1379
1427

* For available standard sizes of Spiral Flat-Oval Duct within the SAFID product range, please see chapter 6, pages 9, 10 & 11.
Right to alterations reserved.

is a registered trade mark.

copyright SAFID 2007 - All Rights Reserved

Notes/Standards
Galvanized Sheet Thickness Tolerances

Nom.
lb/sf

Max.
lb/sf

33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8

.0060
.0104
.0112
.0127
.0142
.0157
.0172
.0187
.0217
.0236
.0266
.0296
.0326
.0356
.0406
.0466
.0525
.0575
.0650
.0705
.0854
.0994
.1143
.1292
.1442
.1591

.0120
.0164
.0172
.0187
.020
.0217
.0232
.0247
.0287
.0316
.0346
.0376
.0406
.0436
.0506
.0566
.0625
.0695
.0770
.0865
.1014
.1174
.1323
.1472
.1622
.1771

.0090
.0134
.0142
.0157
.0172
.0187
.0202
.0217
.0247
.0276
.0306
.0336
.0366
.0396
.0456
.0516
.0575
.0635
.0710
.0785
.0934
.1084
.1233
.1382
.1532
.1681

.2409
.4204
.4531
.5143
.5755
.6367
.6979
.7591
.8407
.9590
1.0814
1.2038
1.3263
1.4486
1.6526
1.8974
2.1381
2.342
2.6481
2.8725
3.4804
4.0516
4.6505
5.2675
5.8795
6.4874

.376
.563
.594
.656
.719
.781
.844
.906

.486
.665
.698
.759
.820
.881
.943
1.004
1.167
1.285
1.408
1.530
1.653
1.775
2.061
2.305
2.546
2.832
3.138
3.525
4.133
4.786
5.394
6.002
6.614
7.222

1.156
1.406
1.656
2.156
2.656
3.281
4.531
5.781
6.875

Nom.
kg/m2

3.20
3.81
4.42
5.64
6.86
8.08
10.52
12.96
16.01
22.11
28.21

Min.

Max.

Nom.

.1524
.2642
.2845
.3188
.3569
.3950
.4331
.4712
.5274
.6010
.6722
.7534
.8296
.906
1.028
1.181
1.331
1.463
1.653
1.784
2.162
2.523
2.902
3.280
3.661
4.040

.3048
.4166
.4369
.4788
.5169
.5550
.5931
.6312
.7274
.8010
.8772
.9534
1.0296
1.106
1.288
1.441
1.591
1.763
1.953
2.204
2.5823
2.983
3.362
3.740
4.121
4.500

.2286
.3404
.3607
.3988
.4369
.4750
.5131
.5512
.6274
.7010
.7772
.8534
.9296
1.006
1.158
1.311
1.461
1.613
1.803
1.994
2.372
2.753
3.132
3.510
3.891
4.270

Notes:
1.
Based on ASTM A924/924M-94, Standard Specification for General Requirements for Sheet Steel, Metalic Coated by the Hot-Dip Process
(formerly ASTM A525); and ASTM A653/A653M-94, Standard Specification for Sheet Steel, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy
Coated (Galvanized) by the Hot-Dip Process.

6.

7.
8.
9.
10.

10
21
Products &
Accessories

5.

Tolerances are valid for 48" and 60" wide coil and cut length stock - other dimensions apply to other sheet widths and to strip.
The lock forming grade of steel will conform to ASTM A653 (formerly ASTM A527).
The steel producing industry recommends that steel be ordered by decimal thickness only. Thickness and zinc coating class can be
stenciled on the sheet. The gauge designation is retained for residual familiarity reference only.
Minimum weight in this table on the following computation:
Minimum sheet thickness minus 0.001" of G60 coating times 40.8 lb per s.f. per inch plus 0.0369 lb/sf of zinc.
G90 stock would be comparably calculated from:
(t - .00153") 40.8 + 0.0564 - minimum weight.
However, scale weight may run 2% (or more) greater that theorical weight. Actual weight may be near 40.82 lb. per s.f. per inch.
G60 coating, per ASTM A653 and ASTM A90, has 0.60 oz/sf (triple spot test) total for two sides. 0.59 oz/sf of zinc equals 0.001".
1 oz is 0.0017" and is 305.15 g/m2.
G90 coating is 0.90 oz/sf (triple spot test), or 0.00153". Magnetic gauge measurement of zinc coating may have 15% error.
ASTM A2092, Practices for Preparation of Zinc-Coated Galvanized Steel Surfaces for Paint, includes mill phosphatizing.
ASTM A755 is the Specification for Sheet Steel, Metalic Coated by hot-Dip Process and Prepainted by the Coil-Coating Process for
Exterior Building Products. Othe information is available from the National Coil Coaters Association, Philadelphia, PA.
Much chemical and atmospheric corrosion information is available from ASM International in Metals Park, Ohio and from NACE
International in Houston, TX.
A principle international standard is ISO 3575, Continuous Hot-Dip Process, Zinc-Coated Carbon Steel Sheet of Commercial, Lock
Forming and Drawing Qualities.

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3.
4.

Lindab Safe

Min.
lb/sf

Lindab
Transfer

Nom.

Safid
Double Wall

Max.

SafidOval

Min.

SafidOval
Double Wall

Gauge

SafidVent

Thickness in Millimeters

Safid
Flexible

Weight

Safid
Flexible

Thickness in Inches

General

Galvanized Sheet Thickness Tolerances

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Notes/Standards
General

Stainless Steel Sheet Thickness

Stainless Steel Sheet Thickness

Safid
Flexible

Safid
Rectangular

SafidOval
Double Wall

SafidOval

Safid
Double Wall

Lindab
Transfer

Lindab Safe

SafidVent

Thickness in Inches

Thickness in Millimeters
Kg/m2

lb/sf
Gauge

Min.

Max.

Tolerance

Nom.

300

400

300

400

Nom.

Min.

Max.

31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8

.0089
.0105
.0121
.0136
.0142
.0158
.0189
.0220
.0241
.0273
.0304
.0335
.0388
.0450
.0513
.0565
.0643
.0711
.0858
.1000
.1150
.1286
.1423
.1579

.0129
.0145
.0161
.0176
.0202
.0218
.0249
.0280
.0321
.0353
.0384
.0415
.0488
.0550
.0613
.0685
.0763
.0851
.1018
.1184
.1350
.1526
.1703
.1859

.002
.002
.002
.002
.003
.003
.003
.003
.004
.004
.004
.004
.005
.005
.005
.006
.006
.007
.008
.009
.010
.012
.014
.014

.0109
.0125
.0141
.0156
.0172
.0188
.0219
.0250
.0281
.0313
.0344
.0375
.0438
.0500
.0563
.0625
.0703
.0781
.0938
.1094
.1250
.1406
.1563
.1719

.459
.525
.591
.656
.722
.788
.919
1.050
1.181
1.313
1.444
1.575
1.838
2.100
2.363
2.625
2.953
3.281
3.938
4.594
5.250
5.906
6.563
7.219

.451
.515
.579
.644
.708
.773
.901
1.030
1.159
1.288
1.416
1.545
1.803
2.060
2.318
2.575
2.897
3.219
3.863
4.506
5.150
5.794
6.438
7.081

2.239
2.562
2.883
3.200
3.522
3.844
4.483
5.122
5.761
6.405
7.044
7.683
8.966
10.245
11.528
12.806
14.406
16.006
19.211
22.411
25.612
28.812
32.017
35.217

2.200
2.512
2.825
3.142
3.454
3.771
4.395
5.025
5.654
6.283
6.908
7.537
8.796
10.050
11.308
12.562
14.133
15.704
18.845
21.982
25.124
28.265
31.407
34.544

.2769
.3175
.3581
.3962
.4369
.4775
.5562
.6350
.7137
.7950
.8738
.9525
1.1125
1.2700
1.4300
1.5875
1.2856
1.9837
2.3825
2.7788
3.1750
3.5712
3.9700
4.3663

.2269
.2675
.3081
.3462
.3569
.3975
.4762
.5550
.6137
.6950
.7738
.8525
.9835
1.1400
1.300
1.4375
1.6356
1.8037
2.1825
2.5488
2.9250
3.2712
3.6100
4.0063

.3269
.3675
.4081
.4462
.5169
.5575
.6362
.7150
.8137
.8950
.9738
1.0525
1.2425
1.4000
1.5600
1.7375
1.9356
2.1637
2.5825
2.9788
3.4250
3.8712
4.3300
4.7263

ASTM-A167 - "Stainless and Heat-Resisting Chromium-Nickel Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip" (Properties of the 300 series)
ASTM-A480 - "Standard Specification for General Requirements for Flat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip"
Finishes:

No. 1 Finish - Hot-rolled, annealed, and descaled.

No. 2 D Finish - Cold-rolled, dull finish.
No. 3 B Finish - Cold-rolled, bright finish.
Bright Annealed Finish - A bright cold-rolled finish retained by annealing in a controlled atmosphere furnace.
No. 3 Finish - Intermediate polished finish, one or both sides.
No. 4 Finish - General purpose polished finish, one or both sides.
No. 6 Finish - Dull satin finish, Tampico brushed, one or both sides.
No. 7 Finish - High luster finish.
No. 8 Finish - Mirror finish.

The 300 series weight is based on 41.99 lb per square foot per inch of thickness (or 504 lb/cf).
The 400 series weight is based on 41.20 lb per square foot per inch of thickness (or 494 lb/cf).
ASTM-A666 covers the structural grade of stainless steel (not used for ducts). For design criteria, generally, consult the AISI Stainless Steel ColdFormed Structural Design Manual. For general application and corrosion data consult the AISI Design Guidelines for the Selection and Use of
Stainless Steels and the Specialty Steel Industry of the United States in Washington, D.C.

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Weight

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Notes/Standards
Aluminum Sheet Thickness-Alloy 3003-H14

Nom.

Min.

Max.

.016

.0015

.0145

.0175

.228

1.114

.4068

.3683

.4445

.020

.002
(.003)

.018

.022

.285

1.393

.508

.4572

.5588

.024

.002
(.003)

.022

.026

.342

1.671

.6096

.5588

.6604

.025

.002
(.003)

.023

.027

.356

1.7398

.635

.5842

.6858

.032

.0025
(.0035)

.0295

.0345

.456

2.228

.8128

.7493

.8763

.040

.0035
(.0045)

.0365

0.435

.570

2.786

1.016

.9271

1.1049

.050

.0035
(.005)

.0465

.0535

.713

3.484

1.27

1.1811

1.3589

.063

.0035
(.005)

.0595

.0665

.898

4.389

1.600

1.5113

1.6891

.080

.0045
(.006)

.0755

.0845

1.140

5.571

2.032

1.9117

2.1463

0.090

.0045
(.006)

.0855

.0945

1.283

6.270

2.286

2.1717

2.4003

.100

.0055
(.007)

.0945

.1055

1.426

6.969

2.54

2.4003

2.6797

.125

.0055
(.007)

.1195

.1305

1.782

8.709

3.175

3.0353

3.3147

Weight is based on 14.256 lb per square foot per inch of thickness (or 171.1 lb/cf). Alloy 1100 is of slightly lower density.
Specification references: ASTM B209 Standard Specification of Aluminum Alloy Sheet and Plate which references ANSI Standard H- 35.2
Dimensional Tolerances for Aluminum Mill Products.
Other useful references are published by the Aluminum Association: Specification for Aluminum Structures; Engineering Data for Aluminum
Structures; Aluminum Standards and Data.

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Lindab
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lb/ft2

Safid
Double Wall

Max.

SafidOval

Min.

SafidOval
Double Wall

Nom.

Tolerance
48" & (60")
Width

SafidVent

Thickness in Millimeters

Safid
Flexible

Weight

Safid
Flexible

Thickness in Inches

General

Aluminum Sheet Thickness-Alloy 3003-H14

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Notes/Standards
Designation: A 653/A 653M - 97

Safid
Flexible

Safid
Rectangular

SafidOval
Double Wall

SafidOval

Safid
Double Wall

Lindab
Transfer

Lindab Safe

SafidVent

General

Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized)

or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by the Hot-Dip Process1

Products &
Accessories

10
24

l
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 653/A 653M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1.1 This specification covers steel sheet, zinc-coated

(galvanized) or zinc-iron alloy-coated (galvannealed) by the
hot-dip process in coils and cut lengths.

E 646 Test Method for Tensile Strain-Hardening Expo-nents

(n values) of Metallic Sheet Materials5
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 3575 Continuous Hot-Dip Zinc-Coated Carbon Steel Sheet
of Commercial, Lock-Forming, and Drawing Qualities6

1.2 The product is produced in various zinc or zinc-iron alloycoating weights [masses] or coating designations as shown in
Table 1.

3. Terminology

1. Scope

1.3 Product furnished under this specification shall conform to

the applicable requirements of the latest issue of Specification
A 924/A 924M, unless otherwise provided herein.
1.4 The product is produced in a number of designations,
types, grades and classes pertaining to chemical composition
and typical mechanical properties of the steel sheet which are
designed to be compatible with differing application
requirements.
1.5 This specification is applicable to orders in either inchpound units (as A 653) or SI units (as A 653M). Values in inchpound and SI units are not necessarily equivalent. Within the
text, SI units are shown in brackets. Each system shall be used
independently of the other.
1.6 Unless the order specifies the "M" designation (SI units),
the product shall be furnished to inch-pound units.

2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 90/A 90M /Test Method for Weight [Mass] of Coating on Iron
and Steel Articles with Zinc or Zinc-Alloy coatings2
A 568/A 568M Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, and HighStrength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled, General
Requirements for3
A 902 Terminology Relating to Mettallic Coated Steel Products2
A924/A924M Specification for General Requirements for Steel
Sheet, Mettallic-coated by the Hot-Dip Process2
D 2092 Guide for Treatment of Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Steel
Surfaces for Prinitng4
E 517 Test Method for Plastic Strain Ratio r for Sheet Metal5

_____________
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-5 on
Metallic Coated Iron and Steel Products and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee A05.11 on Sheet Specifications.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1996 and April 10, 1997. Published
December 1997. Originally published as A 653/A 653M - 94. Last previous edition
A 653/A 653M - 96.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.06.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02.
5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.

3.1 Definitions-See Terminology A 902 for definitions of general

terminology relating to metallic-coated hot-dip products.
3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 differentially coated, n-galvanized steel sheet having a
specified "coating designation" on one surface and a
significantly lighter specified "coating designation" on the
other surface.
3.2.1.1 Discussion-The single side relationship of either specified
"coating designation" is the same as shown in the note of Table
1 regarding uniformity of coating.
3.2.2 high strength-low alloy steel, Type A sheet, n-steel sheet
intended for applications where mechanical properties are
specified and where improved formability is required compared
ti structural steel.
3.2.2.1 Discussion-Suppliers may use one or a combination of
microalloying elements as strengthening agents.
3.2.3 high strength-low alloy steel, Type B sheet, n-steel sheet
intended for applications where mechanical properties are
specified and where improved formability is required compared
to high strength-low alloy steel, Type A.
3.2.3.1 Discussion-Suppliers may use one or a combination of
microalloying elements as strengthening agents and may also
treat the steel with additional small alloy additions to effect
sulfide inclusion control.
3.2.4 minimized spangle, n-the crystal structure produced on
galvanized sheet by treating the regular coated sheet during
solidification of the zinc to restrict normal spangle formation.
3.2.4.1 Discussion-Minimized spangle coating usually has a
dull appearance that may be somewhat nonuniform, and
dissimilarity from coil to coil is not unusual. Minimized spangle
is normally produced in coating designations G90 [Z275] and
lighter.
3.2.5 regular spangle, n-the unaltered, large, multifaceted
crystal structure that occurs during normal solidification of a
hot-dip zinc coating on steel sheet.
3.2.6 zinc-iron alloy, n-a coating produced on galvanized sheet
by processing the steel through the galvanizing line to produce
a completely alloyed coating.
3.2.6.1 Discussion-Zinc-iron alloy coating is not spangled, is
normally dull grey in appearance, and is suitable for immediate
painting without further treatment except normal cleaning
(refer to Guide D2092). The lack of ductility of the

_______________

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6
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
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Notes/Standards

Table 1 Weight [Mass] of Coating RequirementsA,B,C

NOTE-The coating thickness may be estimated from the caoting weight [mass] by using the information provided in 8.1.3.

General

Designation: A 653/A 653M - 97

One Side

Total Both Sides, g/m2

390
316
238
204
154
120
94
60
36
no minimum
60
36
24
no minimum

975
790
595
510
385
300
235
150
90
no minimum
150
90
60
no minimum

SI Units

Type
Zinc

Zinc-iron alloy

Coating Designation
Z1100
Z900
Z700
Z600
Z450
Z350
Z275
Z180
Z120
Z001
ZF180
ZF120
ZF75
ZF001

Total Both Sides, g/m2

1100
900
700
600
450
350
275
180
120
no minimum
180
120
75
no minimum

A
The coating designation number is the term by which this product is specified. Because of the many variables and changing conditions that are
characteristics of continuous hot-dip coating lines, the zinc or zinc-iron alloy coating is not always evenly divided between the two surfaces of a
coated sheet; nor is it always evenly distributed from edge to edge. However, the minimum triple-spot average coating weight (mass) on any one
side shall not be less than 40% of the single-spot requirement.
B
As it is an established fact that the atmospheric corrosion resistance of zinc or zinc-iron alloy-coated sheet products is a direct function of coating
thickness (weight (mass)), the selection of thinner (lighter) coating designations will result in almost linearly reduced corrosion performance of the
coating. For example, heavier galvanized coatings perform adequately in bold atmospheric exposure whereas the lighter coatings are often further
coated with paint or a similar barrier coating for increased corrosion resistance. Because of this relationship, products carrying the statement "meets
ASTM A 653/A 653M requirements" should also specify the particular coating designation.
C
International Standard, ISO 3575, continuous hot-dip zinc-coated carbon steel sheet commercial, lockforming, and drawing qualitites contains
Z100 and Z200 designations and does not specify a ZF75 coating.
D
No minimum means that there are no established minimum requirements for triple- and single-spot tests.

alloy coating may result in powdering of the coating during

fabrication. The zinc-iron coating ductility improves as the
specified coating thickness is decreased. By the proper
selection of a total coating system which includes the zinc-iron
coating thickness, the pretreatment, organic primer, and organic
topcoat detachment of the organic or metallic coatings, or

both, can be avoided in subsequent forming operations. The

user should discuss each potential application of prepainted
zinc-iron alloy product with the supplier. Zinc-iron alloy coated
sheet can be supplied in the four coating designations in Table
1 prefixed by the letter "A" ["ZF"].

Right to alterations reserved.

is a registered trade mark.

copyright SAFID 2007 - All Rights Reserved

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3.20
2.60
2.00
1.80
1.60
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.50
0.30
0.25
no minimum
0.50
0.30
0.20
no minimum

Lindab
Transfer

1.28
1.04
0.80
0.72
0.64
0.56
0.48
0.40
0.32
0.20
0.12
0.10
no minimum
0.20
0.12
0.08
no minimum

Safid
Double Wall

Total Both Sides, oz/ft2

SafidOval

3.60
3.00
2.35
2.10
1.85
1.65
1.40
1.15
0.90
0.60
0.40
0.30
no minimum
0.60
0.40
0.25
no minimum

One Side

SafidOval
Double Wall

Zinc-iron alloy

G360
G300
G235
G210
G185
G165
G140
G115
G90
G60
G40
G30
G01
A60
A40
A25
A01

Total Both Sides, oz/ft2

Safid
Flexible

Zinc

Coating Designation

Safid
Flexible

Inch-Pound Units
Type

10
25
Products &
Accessories

Single-Spot Test

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Comfort

Triple-Spot Test

SafidVent

Minimum RequirementD

Notes/Standards
General

Designation: A 653/A 653M - 97

Lindab Safe

SafidVent

Designation
CS Type AA,C
CS Type BA,B,C
CS Type CA,C
FS Type AC,G
FS Type BC,G
DDSD
EDDSE

Table 2(a) Chemical Requirements

Composition, %-Heat Analysis Element, max (unless otherwise shown)
Carbon
Manganese
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Aluminum, minF
0.10
0.02 to 0.15
0.08
0.10
0.02 to 0.10
0.06
0.02

0.60
0.60
0.60
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.40

0.030
0.030
0.100
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.020

0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.030
0.025
0.020

...
...
...
...
...
0.01
0.01

Commetns
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

For CS Designation, specify Type B to avoid carbon levels below 0.02 %.

CS Type A describes the typical commercial quality product previously included in this specification.
When a deoxidized steel is required for the application, CS and FS may be ordered to a minimum of 0.01 % total aluminum.
D
May be furnished as a stabilized steel at producer's option.
E
Shall be furnished as a stabilized steel.
F
When an ellipsis (. . .) appears in this table, there is no requirement, but the analysis shall be reported.
G
Shall not be furnished as a stabilized steel.
B

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Rectangular

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Double Wall

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Double Wall

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4. Classification
4.1 The material is available in several designations as follows:
4.1.1 Commercial Steel (CS Types A,B, and C),
4.1.2 Forming Steel (FS Types A and B),
4.1.3 Deep Drawing Steel (DDS),
4.1.4 Extra Deep Drawing Steel (EDDS),
4.1.5 Structural Steel (SS),
4.1.6 High Strength-Low Alloy Steel (HSLAS Type A), and
4.1.7 High Strength-Low Alloys Steel (HSLAS Type B).
4.2 Structural steel and high strength-low alloys steel are
available in several grades based on mechanical properties.
Structural Steel Grade 50 [340] is available in three classes
based on tensile strength.
4.3 The material is available as either zinc-coated or zinc-iron
alloy-coated in several coating weights [masses] or coating
designations as shown in Table 1, and
4.3.1 The material is available with the same or different
coating designations on each surface.

5.2.7 Oiled or not oiled,

5.2.8 Minimized spangle (if required),
5.2.9 Extra smooth (if required),
5.2.10 Phosphatized (if required),
5.2.11 Dimensions (show thickness, minimum or nominal,
width, flatness requirements and length, if cut lengths). The
purchaser shall specify the appropriate table of thickness
tolerances in Specification A 924/A 924M that applies to the
order, that is, the table of thickness tolerances for 3/8-in. [10mm] edge distance, or the table of thickness tolerances for 1in. [25-mm] edge distance.
5.2.12 Coil size requirements (specify maximum outside
diameter (OD), acceptable inside diameter (ID), and maximum
weight (mass),
5.2.13 Packaging,
5.2.14 Certification, if required, heat analysis and mechanical
property report,
5.2.15 Application (part identification and description), and
5.2.16 Special requirements (if any).
5.2.16.1 If required, the product may be ordered to a specified
base metal thickness (see Supplementary Requirement S1.)

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5. Ordering Information

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Products &
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26

5.1 Zinc-coated or zinc-iron alloy-coated sheet in coils and cut

lengths is produced to thickness requirements expressed to
0.001 in. [0.01 mm]. The thickness of the sheet includes both
the base metal and the coating.
5.2.1 Name of product (steel sheet, zinc-coated (galvanized) or
zinc-iron alloy-coated (galvannealed)),
5.2.2 Designation of sheet [CS (Types A, B, and C), FS (Types
A and B) DDS, EDDS, SS, or HSLAS (Types A and B)].
5.2.2.1 When a CS type is not specified, Type A will be
furnished. When a FS type is not specified, FS Type B will be
furnished.
5.2.3 When a SS or HSLAS designation is specified, state the
type, grade, or class, or combination thereof.
5.2.4 ASTM designation number and year of issue, as A 653 for
inch-pound units or A 653M for SI units.
5.2.5 Coating designation,
5.2.6 Chemically treated or not chemically treated,

NOTE 1-Typical ordering descriptions are as follows: steel

sheet, zinc-coated, commercial steel Type A, ASTM A 653,
Coating DesignationG115, chemically treated, oiled, minimum
0.040 by 34 by 117 in., for stock tanks, or steel sheet, zinccoated, high strength-low alloy steel Type A Grade 340, ASTM
A 653M, Coating Designation Z275, minimized spangle, not
chemically treated, oiled, minimum 1.00 by 920 mm by coil,
1520-mm maximum OD, 600-mm ID, 10,000-kg maximum, for
tractor inner fender.
NOTE 2-The purchaser should be aware that there are variations
in manufacturing practices among the producers and therefore
is advised to establish the producer's standard (or default)
procedures for thickness tolerances.

6. Chemical Composition
6.1 Base Metal:

Right to alterations reserved.

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copyright SAFID 2007 - All Rights Reserved

Notes/Standards

0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035

...
...
...
...

0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15

1.20
1.20
1.65
1.65

...
...
...
...

0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035

...
...
...
...

Where an ellipsis (...) appears in this table there is no requirements, but the analysis shall be reported.
Steel conforming to this designation commonly contains the strengthening elements columbium, nitrogen, phosphorus, or vanadium added
single or in combination.
C
Some steels may be treated by means of small alloy additions to effect sulfide inclusion control.
B

Table 2(c) Chemical Requirements-Limits On

Unspecified Elements
Copper, max %A
Nickel, max %A
Chromium, max %A
Molydenum, max %A
Vanadium, max %B
Columbium, max %B,C
Titanium, max %

Heat Analysis
Product Analysis
Heat Analysis
Product Analysis
Heat Analysis
Product Analysis
Heat Analysis
Product Analysis
Heat Analysis
Product Analysis
Heat Analysis
Product Analysis
Heat Analysis
Product Analysis

0.20
0.23
0.20
0.23
0.15
0.19
0.06
0.07
0.008
0.018
0.008
0.018
0.30
0.33

A
The sum of copper, nickel, chromium, and molybdenum shall not
exceed 0.50 % on heat analysis. When one or more of these
elements are specified, the sum does not apply; in which case, only
the individuaI limits on the remaining unspecified elements will apply.
B
C

The limits do not apply when HSLAS is specified.

The limits for steel whose carbon content is 0.02 % or less are:
heat analysis
0.045 %
product analysis
0.055 %

6.1.1 The heat analysis of the base metal shall conform to the
requirements shown in Table 2(a) for CS (Types A, B, and C), FS
(Types A and B), DDS, and EDDS, Table 2(b) for SS and HSLAS
(Types A and B), and Table 2(c ) for the unspecified elements.

6.1.2 Unspecified elements may be present. Limits shall be as

stated in Table 2(c).
6.1.3 Each of the elements listed in Table 2(c) shall be included
in the report of heat analysis. When the amount of copper,
nickel. chromium, or molybdenum is less than 0.02 %, the
analysis may be reported as <0.02 %. When the amount of
vanadium. titanium or columbium is less than 0.008 %, the
analysis may be reported as <0.008 %.
6.1.4 See Specification A 924/A 924M for chemical analysis
procedures and product analysis tolerances.
6.2 Zinc Bath Analysis-The bath metal used in continuous hotdip galvanizing shall contain not less than 99 % zinc.
Note 3-To control alloy formation and promote adhesion of
the zinc coating with the steel base metal, the molten coating
metal composition normally contains a percentage of aluminum
usually in the range from 0.05 to 0.25. This aluminum is
purposely supplied to the molten coating bath, either as a
specified ingredient in the zinc spelter or by the addition of a
master alloy containing aluminum.

7. Mechanical Properties
7.1 Structural steel and high-strength low-alloy steel shall
conform to the mechanical property requirements in Table 3 for
the type, grade, or class, or all, specified.
7.2 The typical mechanical properties for CS (Types A, B, and
C), FS (Types A and B), DDS, and EDDS sheet designations
are listed in Table 4. These mechanical property values are
nonmandatory .They are intended solely to provide the
purchaser with as much information as possible to make

Right to alterations reserved.

is a registered trade mark.

copyright SAFID 2007 - All Rights Reserved

SafidVent

...
...
...
...

Lindab Safe

1.20
1.35
1.65
1.65

Lindab
Transfer

0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20

Safid
Double Wall

...
...
...
...
...
...

SafidOval

0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04

SafidOval
Double Wall

0.04
0.10
0.10
0.20
0.04
0.04

Safid
Flexible

...
...
...
...
...
...

Safid
Flexible

0.20
0.20
0.25
0.40
0.50
0.20

10
27
Products &
Accessories

SS Grd
33 [230]
37 [255]
40 [275]
50 [340] Class 1 & 2
50 [340] Class 3
80 [550]
HSLAS Type AB
50 [340]
60 [410]
70 [480]
80 [550]
HSLAS Type BB,C
50 [340]
60 [410]
70 [480]
80 [550]

Lindab
Comfort

Designation

Table 2(b) Chemical RequirementsA

Composition, %-Heat Analysis Element, max (unless otherwise shown)
Carbon
Manganese
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Copper, min (when specified)

General

Designation: A 653/A 653M - 97

Notes/Standards
General

Designation: A 653/A 653M - 97

Table 3 Mechanical Requirements, Base Metal (Longitudinal)

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Rectangular

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Double Wall

SafidOval

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Double Wall

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Lindab Safe

SafidVent

Inch-Pound Units

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Products &
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10
28

Designation Type
D

SS

...

HSLAS

Type A

HSLAS

Type B

Grade

Yield Strength, min, ksi

33
37
40
50 Class 1
50 Class 2
50 Class 3
80A
50
60
70
80
50
60
70
80

33
37
40
50
50
50
80B
50
60
70
80
50
60
70
80

Tensile Strength, min, ksi E

45
52
55
65
...
70
82
60C
70C
80C
90C
60C
70C
80C
90C

Elongation in 2 in., min, %E

20
18
16
12
12
12
...
20
16
12
10
22
18
14
12

SI Units
Designation

Type

...

HSLAS

Type A

HSLAS

Type B

SS

Grade

Yield Strength, min, MPa

233
255
275
340 Class 1
340 Class 2
340 Class 3
550A
340
410
480
550
340
410
480
550

Tensile Strength, min, MPaE

230
255
275
340
340
340
550B
340
410
480
550
340
410
480
550

310
360
380
450
...
480
570
410C
480C
550C
620C
410C
480C
550C
620C

Elongation in 50mm, min, %E

20
18
16
12
12
12
...
20
16
12
10
22
18
14
12

For sheet thickness of 0.028 in. (0.71 mm) no tension test is required if the hardness result is Rockwell B 85 or higher .
As there is no discontinuous yield curve, the yield strength should be taken as the stress at 0.5 % elongation under load or 0.2 % offset.
C
If a higher tensile strength is required, the user should consult the producer.
D
No type indentification is applicable to the SS designation.
E
Where an ellipsis (. . . ) appears in this table there is no requirement.
B

an informed decision on the steel to be specified. Values

outside of these ranges are to be expected.
7.3 When base metal mechanical properties are required, all
tests shall be conducted in accordance with the methods
specified in Specification A 924/A 924M.
7.4 Bending Properties-Minimum Cold Bending RadiusStructural steel and high-strength low-alloy steel are commonly
fabricated by cold bending. There are many interrelated factors
that affect the ability of a steel to cold form over a given radius
under shop conditions. These factors include; thickness,
strength level, degree of restraint, relationship to rolling
direction, chemistry, and base metal microstructure.
Table X1.1 in Appendix X1 lists the suggested minimum inside
radius for 900 cold bending for structural steel and highstrength low-alloy steel. They presuppose "hard way"
bending (bend axis parallel to rolling direction) and reasonably
good shop forming practices. Where possible, the use of larger
radius or "easy way" bends are recommended for improved
performance.

8. Coating Properties
8.1 Coating Weight [Mass]:
8.1.1 The weight [mass] of coating shall conform to the tripleand single-spot requirements shown in Table 1 for the specific
coating designation. The weight [ mass] of coating is the total
amount on both sides of a sheet, expressed in ounces per
square foot [grams per square metre] of sheet, except in the
case of differential coating.
8.1.2 The test for coating weight [mass] shall be performed in
accordance with Test Method A 90/A 90M on specimens taken
an informed decision on the steel to be specified. Values outside
of these ranges are to be expected.

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is a registered trade mark.

copyright SAFID 2007 - All Rights Reserved

Notes/Standards
General

Designation: A 653/A 653M - 97

Table 4 Typical Ranges of Mechanical PropertiesA,B (Nonmandatory)

20
20
15
26
32
40

E
E
E
1.0/1.4
1.4/1.8
1.6/2.1

E
E
E
0.17/0.21
0.19/0.24
0.22/0.27

[MPa]
[170/380]
[205/380]
[170/410]
[170/310]
[140/240]
[105/170]

A
The typical mechanicaI property values presented here are nonmandatory. They are intended solely to provide the purchaser with as much
information as possible to make an informed decision on the steel to be specified. Values outside of these ranges are to be expected. The
purchaser may negotiate with the supplier if a specific range or a more restrictive range is required for the application.
B
These typical mechanical properties apply to the fulI range of steel sheet thicknesses. The yield strength tends to increase and some of the
formabiIity values tend to decrease as the sheet thickness decreases.
C
rm VaIue-Average plastic strain ratio as determined by method in Test Method E 517.
D
n Value-Strain-hardening exponent as determined by method in Test Method E 646.
E
No typical mechanical properties have been established.
F
The FS designation encompasses the properties of the previous DQ grade in Specification A 528.
G
The DDS designation encompasses the properties of the previous DQSK grade in Specification A 642.
H
EDDS Sheet will be free from changes in mechanical properties over time, that is. nonaging.

taken in accordance with Specification A 924/A 924M.

8.1.3 The coating thickness may be estimated from the coating weight [mass] by using the following relationships:
8.1.3.1 1 oz/ft2 coating weight = 1.7 mils coating thickness, and
8.1.3.2 7.14 g/m2 coating mass = 1mm coating thickness.
8.2 Coating Bend Test:
8.2.1 The bend test specimens of coated sheet designated by prefix "G" ["Z"] shall be capable of being bent through 180 in
any direction without flaking of the coating on the outside of the bend only. The coating bend test inside diameter shall have a
relation to the thickness of the specimen as shown in Table 5. Flaking of the coating within 0.25 in. [6 mm] of the edge of the
bend specimen shall not be cause for rejection.
8.2.2 Because of the characteristics of zinc-iron alloy coatings designated by prefix "A" ["ZF"] as explained in 3.2.6, coating
bend tests are not applicable.

Lindab Safe

25/55
30/55
25/60
25/45
20/35
15/25

n ValueD

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Transfer

CS Type A
CS Type B
CS Type C
FS Types A & BF
DDSG
EDDSH

rmValuec

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Double Wall

ksi

Elongation in 2 in., [50 mm], %

SafidOval

Yield Strength

SafidOval
Double Wall

Designation

SafidVent

(Longitudinal Direction)

9.1 All dimensions and permissible variations shall comply with the requirements of Specification A 924/A 924M, except for
flatness of SS and HSLAS, which is specified in Tables 6 and 7, respectively.

Safid
Flexible

9. Dimensions and Permissible Variations

10.1 Alloyed coating; minimized spangle coating; spangle; sheet steel, high strength-low alloy; steel; steel sheet; zinc; zinc
coated (galvanized); zinc iron-alloy; zinc iron-alloy coated.

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10. Keywords

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Products &
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29

Right to alterations reserved.

is a registered trade mark.

copyright SAFID 2007 - All Rights Reserved

Notes/Standards
General

Designation: A 653/A 653M - 97

Table 5 Coating Bend Test Requirements

Inch-Pound Units

SafidVent

Ratio of the Inside Bend Diameter to Thickness of the Specimen (Any Direction)
Sheet Thickness
Coating Designation

Lindab Safe

Through 0.039 in.

Safid
Double Wall

Lindab
Transfer

G235
G210
G185
G165
G140
G115
G90
G60
G40
G30
G01

Over 0.039
Through 0.079 in.

2
2
2
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0

33

SafidOval

G115
G90
G60
G40
G30
G01

3
2
2
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0

3
2
2
2
2
1
1
0
0
0
0

3
2
2
2
2
11/2
11/2
11/2
11/2
11/2
11/2

3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

3
21/2
21/2
21/2
21/2
21/2
21/2
21/2
21/2
21/2
21/2

50

50

50

60

70

80

11/2
11/2
11/2
11/2
11/2
11/2

3
3
3
3
3
3

1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1

11/2
11/2
11/2
11/2
11/2
11/2

11/2
11/2
11/2
11/2
11/2
11/2

SafidOval
Double Wall

SI Units
Ratio of the Inside Bend Diameter to Thickness of the Specimen (Any Direction)
SS, GradeC

CS, FS, DDS, EDDS

Sheet Thickness
Coating Designation

Through 1.0mm
Z700
Z600
Z450
Z350
Z275
Z180
Z120
Z001

Over 1.0 mm
Through 2.0mm

2
2
1
0
0
0
0
0

340

10
30
Products &
Accessories

40

HSLAS Type B

230

255

275

3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

3
21/2
21/2
21/2
21/2
21/2
21/2
21/2

410

480

550

Over 2.0 mm

3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0

3
2
2
1
1
0
0
0

410

340

HSLAS Type AC

3
2
2
11/2
11/2
11/2
11/2
11/2
HSLAS Type B

Z350

/2

/2

11/2

Z275

11/2

11/2

11/2

Z180

/2

/2

11/2

Z120

11/2

11/2

11/2

Z001

11/2

/2

/2

If other coatings are required, the user should consult the producer for availability and suitable bend test requirements.
SS Grades 50 and 80 and HSLAS Type A Grades 70 and 80 are not subject to bend test requirements.
C
SS Grades 340 and 550 and HSLAS Type A Grades 480 and 550 are not subject to bend test requirements.
B

Lindab
Comfort

37

Over 0.079 in.

HSLAS Type AB

Safid
Flexible

Safid
Rectangular

SS, GradeB

CS, FS, DDS, EDDS

Right to alterations reserved.

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Notes/Standards

over 36 [900] to 60
[1500], inclusive
over 60 [1500] to 72
[1800], inclusive

Specified
Width, in.

Over 0.060

to 60, inclusive

over 60

11/8

to 36, inclusive

over 36 to 60,
inclusive
over 60

/4 [20]

/2 [12]

0.060 and
thinner

/4 [20]

1 [25]

Grade
50

70

80

/8

11/8

11/4

13/8

11/2

/8

11/8

11/8

11/4

13/8

11/2

11/2

15/8

13/4

17/8

/4

/4

60
7

SI Units
Flatness Tolerances
(Maximum Deviation from a
Horizontal Flat Surface), in.
[mm]
Specified
Thickness,
in.

Specified
Width, in.

Over 1.5

to 1500, inclusive
over 1500
1.5 & thinner to 900, inclusive
over 900 to 1500,
inclusive
over 1500

Grade
340

410

480

550

20
30
20
30

22
32
22
32

25
35
25
35

30
38
30
33

38

40

45

48

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
The following standardized supplementary requirements are for use when desired by the purchaser.
These additional requirements shall apply only when specified on the order.
S1.3 The applicable tolerances for base metal thickness
are shown in Tables 16 and 17, Thickness Tolerance of
Cold-Rolled Sheet (Carbon and High-Strength, Low-Alloy
Steel), of Specification A 568/A 568M.

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10
31

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S1.1 The specified minimum thickness shall apply to the

base metal only.
S1.2 The coating designation shown on the order
indicates the coating to be applied to the specified minimum
base metal thickness.

Products &
Accessories

S1. Base Metal Thickness

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over 60 [1500] to 72
[1800], inclusive
to 36 [900], inclusive

/2 [12]

Specified
Thickness,
in.

Safid
Double Wall

0.060 [1.5]
and thinner

to 60 [1500], inclusive

Flatness Tolerances
(Maximum Deviation from a
Horizontal Flat Surface), in.
[mm]

SafidOval

Over 0.060
[1.5]

Flatness Tolerances
(Maximum Deviation
from a Horizontal Flat
Surface), in. [mm]

Specified
Width, in.
[mm]

Inch-Pound Units

SafidOval
Double Wall

Specified
Thickness,
in. [mm]

NOTE-This table also applies to sheets cut to length from

coils by the consumer when adequate flattening measures
are performed.

Safid
Flexible

NOTE 1-This table also applies to sheets cut to length from

coils by the consumer when adequate flattering measures are
performed.
NOTE 2-For Grade 50 [340] (Classes 1, 2, and 3) use 11/2
times the values given in this table.
NOTE 3-For Grade 80 [550], there are no defined flatness
standards.

Table 7 High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel-Flatness

Tolerances
(Cut Lengths Only)

Safid
Flexible

Table 6 Structural Steel-Flatness Tolerances

(Cut Lengths Only)

SafidVent

General

Designation: A 653/A 653M - 97

Right to alterations reserved.

is a registered trade mark.

copyright SAFID 2007 - All Rights Reserved

Notes/Standards
General

Designation: A 653/A 653M - 97

APPENDIX

SafidVent

(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. BENDING PROPERTIES
Table X1.1 Suggested Minimum Inside Radius for Cold BendingA

Lindab Safe

NOTE 1-(t) equals a radius equivalent to the steel thickness.

NOTE 2-The suggested radius should be used as minimum for 90 bends in actual shop practice.

Type

Grade

Minimum Inside Radius for

Cold BendingB

HSLAS

Type A

HSLAS

Type B

33 [230]
37 [255]
40 [275]
50 [340] Class1
50 [340] Class 2
50 [340] Class 3
80 [550]
50 [340]
60 [410]
70 [480]
80 [550]
50 [340]
60 [410]
70 [480]
80 [550]

11/2t
2t
2t
not applicable
not applicable
not applicable
not applicable
21/2t
3t
4t
41/2t
2t
2t
3t
3t

Qualtiy

Safid
Flexible

Safid
Rectangular

SafidOval
Double Wall

SafidOval

Safid
Double Wall

Lindab
Transfer

SS

Material that does not perform satisfactorily, when fabricated in accordance with the requirements in
Table X1.1, may be subject to rejection negotiation with the steel supplier.
B
Bending capability may be limited by coating designation.

The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity at any patent rights esserted in
connection with any item mentioned in this standard. Users at this standard are expressly advised that determination of the
validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement at such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five
years and if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for
additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair
hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West
Conshohocken, PA 19428.

Lindab
Comfort

Products &
Accessories

10
32

Right to alterations reserved.

is a registered trade mark.

copyright SAFID 2007 - All Rights Reserved

Notes/Standards
Units and Conversions
General

Table 1 Conversion to SI Units

Table 1 Conversion to SI Units

The preparation of this chapter is assigned to TC 1.6, Terminology.

Right to alterations reserved.

is a registered trade mark.

copyright SAFID 2007 - All Rights Reserved

SafidVent

Divide

* Conversion factor is exact.

Notes: Units are U.S. values unless noted otherwise.
Litre is a special name for the cubic decimetre. 1 L = 1 dm3 and 1 mL = 1 cm3.

Lindab Safe

To Obtain

Lindab
Transfer

Divide

kg
g
N
kg/m
mPa s
mPa s
Pa s
g/s
kg/s
kW
Pa
kg/m2
kg/m3
kg/m3
mg/kg
kPa
EJ
L
m2
mL
mL
MJ
Mg
Mg; t (tonne)
kW
Pa
W/m2
m
m2
m3

Safid
Double Wall

To Obtain

By

To Obtain

SafidOval

mm2
mL
mL/s
mm3
mm4
m/s
MJ
kJ/m3
N
kN
MPa
m3
W/m2
mPa
km
km
km/h
m/s
kPa
kPa
Pa
g
N
mL
mN.m
kg/m3
ng/s m2 Pa)
ng/(s m Pa)
mL

By

By

SafidOval
Double Wall

in2 ........................................................ 645

in3 (volume) ............................................ 16.4
in3/min (SCIM) ....................................... 0.273
in3 (section modulus) ................................. 16 400
in4 (section moment) ................................. 416 200
km/h .................................................... 0.278
kWh ..................................................... *3.60
kW/1000 cfm ...................................... 2.12
kilopond (kg force) ............................................ 9.81
kip (1000 lbf) ......................................................... 4.45
kip/in2 (ksi) ............................................ 6.895
litre ...................................................... *0.001
met ...................................................... 58.15
micron (m) of mercury (60 F) ............... 133
mile ..................................................... 1.609
mile, nautical ...................................... *1.852
mph ..................................................... 1.609
dd.d .................................................... 0.447
millibar ................................................ *0.100
mm of mercury (60 F) .......................... 0.133
mm of water (60 F) ............................... 9.80
ounce (mass, avoirdupois) ......................... 28.35
ounce (force or thrust) .............................. 0.278
ounce (liquid, U.S.) .................................. 29.6
ounce inch (torque, moment) ................... 7.06
ounce (avoirdupois) per gallon ............... 7.49
perm (permeance) ................................... 57.45
perm inch (permeability) .......................... 1.46
pint (liquid, U.S.) ...................................... 473
pound
lb (mass) ............................................. 0.4536
................... ......................................... 453.6
lbf (force or thrust) ................................. 4.45
lb/ft (uniform load) ................................ 1.49
lbm/ft h (dynamic viscosity, ) .................. 0.413
lbm/ft s (dynamic viscosity, ) .................. 1490
lbf s/ft2 (dynamic viscosity, ) .................. 47.88
lb/h ................................................... 0.126
lb/min ............................................... 0.00756
lb/h [steam at 212 F (100 C)] ................... 0.284
lbf/ft2 ................................................. 47.9
lb/ft2 ................................................. 4.88
lb/ft3 (density, p) ................................... 16.0
lb/gallon ........................................... 120
ppm (by mass) ........................................ *1.00
psi ....................................................... 6.895
quad (1015 Btu) ....................................... 1.055
quart (liquid, U.S.) ................................... 0.946
square (100 ft2) ...................................... 9.29
tablespoon (approximately) ..................... 15
teaspoon (approximately) ........................ 5
therm (U.S.) ........................................... 105.5
ton, long (2240 lb) .................................. 1.016
ton, short (2000 lb) ................................. 0.907
ton, refrigeration (12 000 Btu/h) .............. 3.517
torr (1 mm Hg at 0C) ................................ 133
watt per square foot .......................... 10.76
yd ........................................................ *0.9144
yd2 ....................................................... 0.836
yd3 ....................................................... 0.7646

Safid
Flexible

Multiply

ha
kPa
kPa
L
m3
kJ
kJ/m2
kJ/m3
kJ/m3
W/(m K)
W/(m K)
W
W/m2
W/(m2 K)
kJ/kg
kJ/(kg K)
m3
J
kJ
mPa s
mm2/s
m2 K/W
Pa
W
W
COP
m
mm
m/s
m/s
kPa
kPa/m
m2
m2.K/W
mm2/s
L
m3
L/s
L/s
Nm
J
J/kg
W
lx
L
mL/s
L/s
L/(s m2)
mL/J
g
g/m3
g/kg
kW
kW
mm
kPa
Pa
mm/m
mN m

Safid
Flexible

By

10
33
Products &
Accessories

To Obtain

acre ..................................................... 0.4047

atmosphere (standard) ........................... 101.325
bar ....................................................... *100
barrel (42 U.S. gal, petroleum) .................... 159
..................... 0.159
Btu (International Table) ............................. 1.055
Btu/ft2 ................................................. 11.36
Btu/ft3 ................................................. 37.3
Btu/gal ................................................ 279
Btu ft/h ft2 F ........................................ 1.731
Btu in/h ft2 F (thermal conductivity, k) ........ 0.1442
Btu/h ................................................... 0.2931
Btu/h ft2 ................................................................................ 3.155
Btu/h ft2 F (overall heat transfer coeficcient, U) .... 5.678
Btu/lb .................................................. *2.326
Btu/lb.F (specific heat, cp) ........................ 4.184
bushel ................................................. 0.03524
calorie, gram ...................................... 4.184
calorie, kilogram (kilocalorie) ................. 4.184
centipoise (dynamic viscosity, ) ................ *1.00
centistokes (kinematic viscosity, v) ................ *1.00
clo ....................................................... 0.155
dyne/cm2 ............................................ *0.100
EDR hot water (150 Btu/h) ..................... 44.0
EDR steam (240 Btu/h) ........................... 70.3
EER ..................................................... 0.293
ft .......................................................... *0.3048
ft .......................................................... *304.8
ft/min, fpm .......................................... *0.00508
ft/s, fps ............................................... *0.3048
ft of water ........................................... 2.99
ft of water per 100 ft pipe .................. 0.0981
ft2 ......................................................... 0.09290
ft2 h F/Btu (thermal resistance, R) .............. 0.176
ft2/s (kinematic viscosity, v) ......................... 92 900
ft3 ......................................................... 28.32
f ........................................................... 0.02832
ft3/min, cfm ......................................... 0.4719
ft3/s, cfs .............................................. 28.32
ft lbf (torque moment) ................................ 1.356
ft lbf (work) .......................................... 1.356
ft lbf/lb (specific energy) ........................... 2.99
ft lbf/min (power) .................................... 0.0226
footcandle .......................................... 10.76
gallon (U.S., *231 in3) ............................... 3.7854
gph ...................................................... 1.05
gpm ..................................................... 0.0631
gpm/ft2 ................................................ 0.6791
gpm/ton refrigeration ......................... 0.0179
grain (1/7000 lb) ...................................... 0.0648
gr/gal .................................................. 17.1
gr/lb .................................................... 0.143
horsepower (boiler) (33 470 Btu/h) ............. 9.81
horsepower (550 ft lbf/s) ......................... 0.746
inch ..................................................... *25.4
in. of mercury (60 F) ............................. 3.377
in. of water (60 F) ................................. 249
in/100 ft. thermal expansion .............. 0.833
in lbf (torque or moment) ............................ 113

Lindab
Comfort

Multiply

Notes/Standards
General

Units and Conversions

Table 2 Conversion Factors
Table 2 Conversion Factors

Safid
Double Wall

Lindab
Transfer

Lindab Safe

SafidVent

Pressure
psi

in. of water
(60F)

in. Hg
(32F)

1
= 27.708
= 2.0360
0.036091
1
0.073483
0.491154
13.609
1
14.6960
407.19
29.921
0.0193368
0.53578
0.03937
14.5038
401.86
29.530
14.223
394.1
28.959
1.45035 x 10-4
4.0186 x 10-3 2.953 x 10-4
Mass
lb (avoir.)
grain

Volume

1
1.4286 x 10-4
0.06250
2.20462
cubic inch

= 5.787 x 10
1
0.13368
0.035315
35.315

SafidOval
SafidOval
Double Wall
Safid
Rectangular
Safid
Flexible
Lindab
Comfort

Products &
Accessories

10
34

= 16*
2.2857 x 10-3
1
35.274
gallon

-4

-3

calorie (cal)

ft.lbf

= 0.45359
6.4800 x 10-5
0.028350
1
Litre

Cubic meter (m3)

= 778.17
1
3.08803
0.73756
2655.22
lb/gal

= 251.9958
0.32383
1
0.23885
859.85
g/cm3

= 1055.056
1.355818
4.1868*
1
3600*
kg/m3

1
7.48055
62.4280
0.0624280
Specific Volume ft3 /lb

= 0.133680
1
8.34538
0.008345
gal/lb

= 0.016018
0.119827
1
0.001*
cm3/g

= 16.018463
119.827
1000*
1
m3/kg

1
0.133680
0.016018
16.018463
Viscosity (absolute)
poise

= 7.48055
= 62.4280
= 0.0624280
1
8.34538
0.008345
0.119827
1
0.001*
119.827
1000*
1
1 poise = 1 dyne-sec/cm2 = 0.1 Pa s = 1g/(cm s)
lbf h/ft2
kg/(m s) = N s/m2
lbf s/ft2

Density

1
1.2851 X 10-3
3.9683 X 10-3
9.4782 X 10-4
3.41214
lb/ft3

1
478.8026
1.72369 x 106
10*
14.8819
Temperature
Scale
Kelvin
Celsius
Rankine
Fahrenheit

K
xK=
x
x C =
x + 273.15
x R =
x/1.8
x F = (x + 459.67)/1.8

= 2.0885 x 10-3
1
3600*
0.020885
0.031081
Temperature
C

= 5.8014 x 10-7
2.7778 x 10-4
1
5.8014 x 10-6
8.6336 x 10-6

x - 273.15
x
(x - 491.67)/1.8
(x - 32)/1.8

1.8x
1.8x - 459.67
1.8x + 491.67
1.8x + 32
x
x - 459.67
(x +459.67)/1.8
x

Notes: Coversions with * are exact.

The Btu & calorie are based on the International Table.

pascal

= 0.07030696 = 6894.8
2.537 x 10-3
248.84
0.034532
3386.4
1.03323
1.01325 x 105*
1.3595 x 10-3
133.32
1.01972*
105*
1
9.80665 x 104*
1.01972 x 10-5*
1

= 0.016387
= 1.63871 x 10-5
28.317
0.028317
3.7854
0.0037854
1
0.001*
1000*
1
Joule (J)=
watt-second (W s)
watt-hour (W h)

= 4.329 x 10
7.48055
1
0.264173
264.173

Energy
Btu

kgf/cm2

bar

= 0.068046
= 51.715
= 0.068948
1.8665
2.4884 x 10-3
2.4559 x 10-3
0.033421
25.400
0.033864
1
760.0
1.01325*
1.31579 x 10-3 1
1.3332 x 10-3
0.98692
750.062
1
0.96784
735.559
0.980665*
9.8692 x 10-6
7.50 x 10-3
10-5*
ounce (avoir.)
kg

= 7000*
1
437.5*
1.5432 x 104
cubic foot

1
1728*
231.0*
61.02374
6.102374 x 104

mmHg
(32F)

atmosphere

= 0.293071
3.76616 X 10-4
1.163 X 10-3*
2.7778 X 10-4
1

lbm/ft. s

= 0.1*
= 0.0671955
47.88026
32.17405
1.72369 x 105
1.15827 x 105
1
0.0671955
1.4882
1
Temperature Interval
K
C
R
F
1K=
1C =
1R =
1F =

1
1
5/9
5/9

1
1
5/9
5/9

9/5=1.8
9/5=1.8
1
1

9/5=1.8
9/5=1.8
1
1

All temperature conversions and factors are exact.

The term centigrade is odsolete and should not be used.

When making conversions, remember that a converted value is no

more precise than the original value. For many applications, rounding
off the converted value to the same number of significant figures as
those in the original value provides sufficient accuracy.

Caution: The conversion values in Table 1 are rounded to three or four

significant figures, which is sufficiently accurate for most applications.
See ANSI Standard SI-10 (available from ASTM or IEEE) for additional
conversions with more significant figures

Right to alterations reserved.

is a registered trade mark.

copyright SAFID 2007 - All Rights Reserved