2.
Biogas-Training
Basic Aspects
Jaqueline Daniel-Gromke, Nadja Rensberg; Deutsches BiomasseForschungsZentrum (DBFZ) Ankara, 11.07.2011 Ankara,
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Basic aspects
reduction of CH4emission decentralised energy supply
Advantages of biogas production
renewable energy CO2-reduction saving of mineral fertilizers reduction of odour emission strengthening of rural infrastructure
diversification of agricultural income reliable energy supply
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Basic aspects
usage pathways
BiomasseVO
Fermenter Gas grid Purification
CHP
Electricity
Heat
Fuel Production Upgrading Transport Utilization
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Development in Europe
Production of Biogas in Europe
Source: Biogasbarometer/EUROBSERVER
Germany plays a leading role in biogas production
High share of Substrates from agriculture in Germany
The word biogas is defined differently
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Biogas Potentials
0
Thringen max min max min max min max min max min max min
20
40
60
80
100
SachsenMeckl.-
Vorp.
Sachsen
Anhalt
Branden-
burg
Source: study for private customer
Landwirtschaft Kom mune Indus trie/Gewerbe genutztes Potenzial
Berlin
20
40
60
80
100
Energiepotenzial aus Biogas [PJ/a]
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Technology
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Suitable AD-Technologies System
Category Symbol CSTR
Continous
PFR Batch
Batch
Batch / Percolation
Example
Content of fermenter
liquid
Free flowing or liquid Strong homogenisation, high energy demand
Free flowing strong recirculation, no hackling or mincing required, low energy demand
7
Pretreatmen Strong t homogenisation , high energy demand
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Substrates
Origin
Agriculture liquid manure energy crops such as: hole-plant silages from maize, rye, sunflowers, grass, sorghum corn-cob-mix, all kinds of grain agricultural byproducts Organic waste (commercial and industrial) food residues market waste residues from production processes (e.g. beer, sugar, wine, milk, alcohol, juice, meat products, vegetable processing) fats Organic source separated municipal waste
Quelle: ZAW Sachsen-Anhalt Sd
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Application
typical farm-scale digestion of energy crops
farm-scale, single step startup 10/2005 inst. CHP capacity 500 kWel approx. 12.000 t Substrates y-1 approx. 2.500m3 Digester volume
Energy crop acreage ~ 250 ha Substrates: corn silage, liquid manure, rye Participant on scientific evaluation programme
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
Application
industrial-scale digestion of energy crops
startup 12/2004 3 engines, total inst. capacity 4.2 MWel excess heat used for industrial process approx. 70.000 t substrates y-1 Approx 17.000m3 digester volume
24h hydrolysis step originally two-step process, now parallel single-step digestion in 4 fermenters and 2 smaller stores, acreage ~ 1.500 ha / 60 suppliers separation of effluent substrates: silages and grist from different crops, CCM, grass and other
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
10
Application
Byproducts from sugar beet processing Anaerobic treatment of waste-water only 3-4 mon/y AD-technology and know-how from over 20 years Fast and stable process
sugar industry
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
11
Application
Dry Fermentation of biowaste
Digestion of Biowaste
biowaste 24.000 t y-1 Aerobic pretreatment Plug-Flow-Reactor Composting of effluent CHP-device Complete housing/low odour emissions
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
12
Electricity to energy supplier Heat to heat user Fuel for transportation
Operation of a single biogas plant
Energy production company Electricity, Heat, Fuel
Operating Company Biogas Production Service Provider Transport and Fertilization
Service Provider Transport
Farmer Crop Production, Storage
All processes can be in one hand, transparent operation, few contracts, Investment by the farmer or combined
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
13
Electricity to energy supplier Heat to heat user
Fuel for transport
Operation of a joint biogas plant
Energy Production/Uprgrading Company
Electricity, Heat, Biomethane,
Operating Company biogas production
Service Provider Transport of residues and fertilization
Quelle: ProEn Soltau
Substrate provision is shared, central storage For better quality, standardized contracts, effective waste heat usage
Service Provider Transport, central storage
Farmer Farmer Farmer Farmer Farmer Substrate Farmer Farmer
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
14
Operation of a biogaspark
Electricity (up to 20MW) Heat Energy production Upgrading company Electricity, heat, fuel Biogas plant Biogas plant Biogas plant Biogas plant Biogas plant Service Provider Transport of residues, fertilization
Fuel
Service Provider Transport Source: NAWARO-AG Storage Substrate supply is shared, central storage is possible at few sites with defined quality, central Gas upgrading could be possible, risks are shared by more plants, more contracts central administration and biological control by experts
Farmer Farmer Farmer Farmer Production, Storage Farmer Farmer
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
15
Innovative Applications
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
16
Innovative Applications
Upgrading and Feeding to gas grid
legal framework GasNZV guarantees access to grid and sets important complementary regulations EEG for Cogeneration Bonus for innovative Technologies 2ct/kWhel up to 350Nm3/h and 1ct/kWhel up to 700Nm3/h at least 33 plants (04/2010) in service beginning with Pliening and Straelen working with PSA in Dec 2006; inst. (eq.) Pel 2MW large scale biogas plants Up to > 20MW (eq) Common size is 300-500Nm3/h biomethane further plants under construction municipal utilities and energy su highly engaged
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
17
Innovative Applications
fuel
1st petrol station in Germany with upgraded Biogas in service (Jameln/Northern Germany, June 2006) Biogas plant using energy crops and manure Upgrading by drying, desulphurization, drying and chemical absorption of CO2 Input Raw 140 m3/h 52% CH4 3/h Output Upgraded 70 m 96% CH4 Biomethane can be used in CNG powered cars without modification
Biomethane as a
Economic aspects Cng powered cars are more expensive (1.500-3500) price for biomethane is equivalent to CNG 0,929 kg-1 and lower than for diesel and petrol (due to tax exemption)
*April 19th, 2010; source: www.adac.de
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
18
Innovative Applications
- Further Innovative Biogas-Technologies -
Fuel Cells el. efficiency is up to 48% (55%); pilot plants, causes less noise, useful for urban applications ORC-Modules 10% raise in el. efficiency; at least 3 plants in service advantageous in combination with micorturbines Microturbines less sensitive, low maintenance costs, high durability compared to gas engines low el. efficiency (38% 28%)
Source: MTU
Source: Khler & Ziegler
Source: ISET
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
19
Conclusions
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
20
Conclusions and Outlook
flexible technology to provide electricity, heat, fuel and fertilizer Available from small to large scale applications (several kW until MW) The EEG and GasNZV are the most important regulations for Biogas in Germany EEG will amended in 2012 simplification of complex tarifs
Technology for production, conversion and provision is state-of theart Even in Germany biogas has still high potentials
Increasing importance all over Europe!
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
21
Thank you for your attention!
Turkish-German Biogas Project Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH And Sokak No: 8/11 06680 Cankaya/Ankara, TURKEY T T E I I +90 312 466 7056 +49 6196 79830 007 [email protected] www.giz.de www.biyogaz.web.tr
Author: Jaqueline Daniel-Gromke, Nadja Rensberg Deutsches BiomasseForschungsZentrum (DBFZ)
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.
22
