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Steps to create Test Cases starting from Release

The V-Model
Password: Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC): SDLC is a process of developing the software through capturing the initial requirement from customer, expanding on these to provide the detail required for code production, writing the code and testing the product, ready for release. SDLC adopted for the project determines the testing methodologies. SDLC can be classified as Sequential phase and Iterative phase. This article briefs about V-Model which comes under Sequential phase. Why V-model is preferred over conventional Water fall model which ruled the IT solutioncompanymorethanadecade?Answerwouldbesimpleifwelearnwhatis Water fall model and V-model. Waterfall model is mother of all SDLC. Waterfall models involve all the phases in sequences as shown below.

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HereFig 01: Waterfall Model

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So testing comes in to the scenario, only when whole system is developed. What happens if the product fails the test? Then remember debugging going to cost more for the company as bug is found later stage of the SDLC. Testing also added lead time due to its late involvement. So alternate model is required in which testing starts at an early stage of cycle. V-Model solves the above problems. V- Model involves testing activities parallel to development activities. V-Model illustrates how testing activities can be integrated into each phase of software development life cycle. V-Model:

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Fig 02: V- Model

In the model shown, left side of the model focuses on development activities and it looks more like Waterfall model.

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Requirement specification: Capturing of user requirement to build a product. Module specification: Module design of each component identified in the functional specification. Program Specification: Detailed design of each unit to be built to meet requirement. Middle of V-Model shows that planning for testing should start with each work artifacts. For an example, using requirement specification, acceptance testing would be planned, right at the start of the development. Coding starts when the program specification is completed. Once Coding is completed the test phase starts with unit testing using the unit test plan created during program specification phase. Right hand side focuses on testing activities. For each work artifact, a testing activity is identified. Testing stage. Testing Testing stage. Testing against the requirement specification takes place at the Acceptance Testing against the functional specification takes place at the System Testing stage. against the technical specification takes place at the Integration Testing against the program specification takes place at the Unit Testing stage.

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This allows testing to be concentrated on the detail provided in each work artifacts, so that defects can be identified as early as possible in the life cycle when the work artifacts has been created. Advantages of V-Model: 1. 2. 3. 4. Verification and validation will be done side by side in this model and so its also called Verification & Validation Model. An important aspect of this model is that testing activities like planning, test designing happens well before coding. And so it saves ample amount of time. Since the testing team is involved early on, they develop a very good understanding of the project at the very beginning. It enforces proactive defect tracking i.e. defects are found at early stages, even may be in the development phase before application is tested. Because of its structure, it also avoids the downward flow of the defect. The errors occurred in any phase will be corrected in that phase itself. It reduces the cost for fixing the defect since defects will be found in early stages of software development. It emphasizes the strict process flow to develop a quality product.

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Disadvantages of V-Model: 1. Its very rigid and least flexible. If any changes happen midway, not only requirement document but also test documentation (test wares) needs to be updated. It is not proposed for short term projects as it requires reviews at each stage. It needs an established process to implement. Its very costly to implement (requires lot of resources and money) and thus followed/implemented by only big companies.

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February 7th, 2010 | Tags: Functional Testing, SDLC | Category: Testing Basics

10 comments to The V-Model

Older Comments 1 2 Ramakoti Reddy May 18, 2011 at 3:03 pm Reply Hi, Can u pls tell me functional testing comes under which sdlc model and how it is?

Ganesh May 20, 2011 at 9:49 pm Reply Ramakotireddy, I think your question is not put in correctly. Testing is a part of all SDLC model. Within Testing will come white-box and black box testing. Within black box testing comes the functional testing. So you see functional testing is there in all SDLC models. Let me know if I did not convey the idea properly.

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