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Compressible Flow Bench: Yeditepe University Department of Mechanical Engineering

This document describes experiments performed on a compressible flow bench to investigate compressible flow phenomena. The experiments include: 1) Demonstrating the effect of compressibility on flow equations in a convergent duct, 2) Validating isentropic flow equations for compressible flow, 3) Demonstrating the choking phenomenon, 4) Determining the ratio of specific heats (γ) for air, and 5) Measuring pressure recovery in a divergent duct. Pressure and flow readings are taken using manometers and related through isentropic flow equations. Results are analyzed by plotting nondimensional pressure ratios against one another.

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Ahmad Abukhashabeh
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90 views

Compressible Flow Bench: Yeditepe University Department of Mechanical Engineering

This document describes experiments performed on a compressible flow bench to investigate compressible flow phenomena. The experiments include: 1) Demonstrating the effect of compressibility on flow equations in a convergent duct, 2) Validating isentropic flow equations for compressible flow, 3) Demonstrating the choking phenomenon, 4) Determining the ratio of specific heats (γ) for air, and 5) Measuring pressure recovery in a divergent duct. Pressure and flow readings are taken using manometers and related through isentropic flow equations. Results are analyzed by plotting nondimensional pressure ratios against one another.

Uploaded by

Ahmad Abukhashabeh
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

COMPRESSIBLE FLOW BENCH



YEDITEPE UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING







































2
YEDITEPE UNIVERSITY ENGINEERING FACULTY
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

Compressible Flow Bench
1. Objective:

To demonstrate the effect of compressibility on flow equation for a convergent duct.
To investigate the validity of the isentropic flow equations for compressible flow in a
convergent duct.
To demonstrate the phenomenon of choking.
To deduce a value of for air using the equation for isentropic flow in a convergent
duct.
To investigate the pressure recovery along a divergent duct.

2. Equipment:



This equipment comprises a multi-stage motor driven air compressor unit supplied with
seven interchangeable test sections;
Convergent/divergent duct designed to produce Mach 1 velocity at the throat,
Three ducts of different diameters,
Sudden enlargement of section,
Test section to accommodate a range of plate orifices,
Pressure losses in a 90 bend in relation to the flow velocity

3
3. Theory:

3.1 The Effect of Compressibility

If the flow were incompressible, then form the below equation, neglecting the work, heat and losses,
friction shaft v
W W Q T C
V P
m
1
]
1

+ +

2
2


the velocities can be obtained as follows,
( )
0
1 0
1
2

P P
V


( )
0
2 0
2
2

P P
V


and from the continuity,
2 2 1 1
V a V a
( )
1 0
2
2
1
2 0
P P
a
a
P P

,
_


where
a area [m
2
]
C
p
specific heat at constant pressure [J/kgK]
V velocity [m/s]
P pressure [N/m
2
]
And the subscripts 0, 1, 2 refer to sections given below.

Flow metering section diameter d
1
24 mm
Upstream pipe diameter d
2
9.5 mm
Downstream pipe diameter d
3
24 mm


3.2 The Validity of the Isentropic Flow Equations

The major equation is given below,
( )

1
0
2
2
0
2
0
1 0
2
2
1
1
+

,
_

,
_

,
_

P
P
P
P
P
P P k
a
a



4
3.3 Choking

The air mass flow rate in a convergent-divergent nozzle can be defined as,

,
_

1 2
0
0
1 0
1
2
r r
P
a m
where
r pressure ratio [P
1
/P
0
]
1 throat of the duct
0 ambient

Inspection of the above equation shows that the mass flow rate will be zero for r = 1 and r = 0;
hence a maximum value may be expected for some critical value of r.

3.4 A value of for Air

The related equation is given below,
1
]
1

,
_

,
_


0
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
3
1
P
P
a
a
P
P k



3.5 The Pressure Recovery

The efficiency of the divergent duct, or diffuser, may be defined as,
2 1
2 3
P P
P P



4. Procedure:

4.1. The Effect of Compressibility
Connect one inclined tube manometer to read
1 0
P P using the 12.7 mm range;
connect another inclined tube manometer to read
2 0
P P using the 25.4 mm range.
Adjust the flow to give approximately equal increments of
1 0
P P and for each flow
rate, read both manometers.

4.2. The Validity of the Isentropic Flow Equations
Connect an inclined tube manometer to read
1 0
P P using the 50.8 mm range and a
manometer to read
2 0
P P .
Adjust the flow to give approximately equal increments of
1 0
P P and for each flow
rate, read both manometers. Read also
0
P from barometer.

4.3 Choking
Connect an inclined tube manometer to read
1 0
P P using the 50 mm range and a
manometer to read
2 0
P P and
3 0
P P .
5
Adjust the flow rate to vary
3 0
P P in approximately equal steps (about 30 sets of
readings are desirable.)
For each flow rate, read both manometers. Read also
0
P from barometer and the
atmospheric temperature.

4.4 A value of for Air
Connect an inclined tube manometer to read
1 0
P P using the 50 mm range and a
manometer to read
2 0
P P .
Adjust the flow to give approximately equal increments of
1 0
P P and for each flow
rate, read both manometers. Read also
0
P from barometer.

4.5 The Pressure Recovery
Connect an inclined tube manometer to read
2 1
P P and
2 3
P P , using the 25.4 mm
ranges. Vary the flow to give approximately equal increments of
2 1
P P and for each
flow rate read both manometers.
Repeat for higher flow rates.

5. Analysis and Discussion

For 4.1:
For each set of readings, plot
2 0
P P against
1 0
P P .
Comment on the validity of the incompressible flow formulae with regard to each
set of readings.

For 4.2:
Express all pressures in the same units; tabulate
( )
0
1 0
P
P P k
against

1
0
2
2
0
2
+

,
_

,
_

P
P
P
P


For 4.3:
Plot

magainst
3 0
P P .
Plot
2 0
P P against
3 0
P P .

For 4.4:
Tabulate
2
1
P
P k

and
0
2
P
P
.
Plot
2
1
P
P k

against
0
2
P
P
and deduce a value of from the slope of this graph.

For 4.5:

For each set of readings, plot
2 3
P P against
2 1
P P and estimate the diffuser
efficiency.
Comment on the effect of compressibility on diffuser performance.
DO NOT CHEAT!

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