Additive selection guide

for surface modifying, dispersion and rheology additives

Contents
Introduction BASF additives at a glance. Efka 2000 series Efka 3000 and Irgaflow series Dispersants Dispex Efka 4000 series high molecular weight dispersants Efka 5000 series low molecular weight dispersants

3 4 6 8 10 10 12 14 16 18 20 22

Fatty acid modified emulsifiers (FAME) Efka 1000 universal resins for resin minimal pigment concentrates (RMPC) Rheology modifiers Miscellaneous

Introduction
Surface modifying, dispersion and rheology additives
Tiny amounts of an additive can make a world of difference to a coatings performance. BASF, the chemical company, offers a comprehensive range of additives under the brand names Efka, Rheovis, Viscalex and Dispex. This booklet provides a comprehensive list of additives in the BASF range for Dispersion, Rheology and Surface Modification. The products are divided into four main categories: defoamers, slip and leveling agents, dispersants, rheology modifiers. For more detailed information on specific applications and product control please consult our marketing department or local sales organizations. Products, processes and services from BASF enable you to create effects that add performance, protection, color and strength to your coatings.

02 03

BASF additives at a glance.

Efka 2000 series
Defoamers Efka 2000 defoamers are used to inhibit the buildup of foam and eliminate trapped air by causing the bubbles to burst. This series provides two classes of defoamers: Silicone-free Silicone containing

Efka 3000 and Irgaflow series

Slip and leveling agents Efka 3000 and Irgaflow slip and leveling agents are used to reduce surface tension and remove flow disturbance like orange peel and other undesirable film characteristics. This series provides three classes of slip and leveling agents: Slip and leveling agents based on polysiloxane Reactive slip and leveling agents based on polysiloxane Silicone-free leveling agents

Dispersants
Dispersants are additives that increase the stability of a suspension of powders (pigments) in a liquid medium. They are used during the dispersion process. BASF offers several classes of dispersants: Ionic dispersants High molecular weight dispersants Low molecular weight dispersants Fatty acid modified emulsifiers (FAME) Universal grinding resins Ionic Dispersants Dispex dispersants are tightly defined dispersants based on acrylic chemistry. Their narrow molecular weight distributions provide optimum dispersion efficiency, translating into maximum performance at the lowest possible formulation cost.

High molecular weight dispersants Efka 4000 series contains the high molecular weight dispersants. They are linear or branched molecules with a polyurethane or polyacrylate structure, and have molecular weights of between 5000 and 30000 g/mol. These products have pendant anchoring groups, which adsorb onto the surface of the organic pigment particles. They are also effective with inorganic pigments. Low molecular weight dispersants Efka 5000 series contains the conventional low molecular weight dispersants. They are categorized according to their chemical structure as anionic, cationic, electroneutral and non-ionic. They are used mainly for heavily filled systems such as primers and surfacers for industrial and maintenance coatings. Fatty acid modified emulsifiers (FAME) FAMEs molecules are based upon fatty acid chemistry, having polar heads based on tertiary amines. They can be easily handled without addition of solvent and used effectively when combining water-borne colorants with solvent-borne base paints. They enable paint producers to develop universal colorants for the decorative market. Universal resins for resin minimal pigment concentrates (RMPC) Efka 1000 series contains dispersing resins specially developed for the production of resin minimal pigment concentrates. They show good pigment wetting and stabilizing performance and excellent compatibility with the resins most commonly used in paints.

Rheology modifiers
Viscalex range provides shear-thinning rheology to give good suspending power and sag resistance, but low high-shear viscosity for ease of application. Rheovis range is less shearthinning than Viscalex, or more Newtonian in rheology. This provides the best leveling for gloss systems while avoiding spattering problems.

Miscellaneous
The Efka 6000 series features additional product classes including conductivity agents, waxes, synergists, antigelling agents and rheology modifiers.

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Efka 2000 series

Defoamers
Productname Chemicalnature Incorporation Active content**[%] Dosage* [%] Solvent-based coating Water-based coating

Efka2018N Efka2020 Efka2021N Efka2050

Silicone-freedefoamers

Solution of defoaming substances Solution of defoaming substances Solution of defoaming substances Solution of defoaming polymers Emulsion of organic polymers and organic metal compounds Solution of defoaming substances Solution of defoaming polymers Defoaming substances Defoaming substances Defoaming substances Defoaming substances Defoaming substances Modified polydimethyl siloxane Defoaming substances Defoaming substances Defoaming substances Emulsion of organic polymers and organic metal compounds Modified polydimethyl siloxane Modified polydimethyl siloxane Modified polydimethyl siloxane Modified polydimethyl siloxane Defoaming substances Defoaming substances

Before or after processing Before or after processing End of processing Before or after processing Before or after processing Before or after processing Any stage Any stage of production process Before or after processing Before or after processing Before or after processing Before or after processing Prior to processing Final production Final production Final production Before or after processing Grinding stage/ final production At any stage of the production process At any stage of the production process At any stage of the production process Before addition of pigments/fillers Prior to processing

0.1-2.0 0.1- 0.7 0.5-2.0 0.1-0.5 77% 0.1-1.0 0.1-1.0 0.5-1.0 0.1-0.5 0.1-1.0 0.1- 0.5 0.1-1.0 0.1-1.0 0.1-1.0 0.5-1.0 0.1-0.5 0.1-0.7 77% 100% 100% 100% 100% 70% 100% 0.1-1.0 0.1- 0.3 0.5-1.0 0.1-1.0 0.1-1.0 0.5-1.5 0.5-1.5

Efka2526 Efka2720 Efka2721 Efka2788 Efka2022 Efka2023 Efka2025 Efka2028 Efka2030 Efka2035 Efka2038 Efka2040 Efka2527 Efka2550

Siliconecontainingdefoamers

Efka2560 Efka2570 Efka2580 Efka2722 Efka2723

* Dosage: % w/w on total formulation ** Typical values, not intended as specification

UV coatings

Automotive coatings

Decorative coatings

Industrial coatings

Wood coatings

Description,application

Polyurethane, acid-cure and NC wood finishes Acid-cure and NC-curtain coating systems, unsaturated polyester and gel coats Polyurethane, acid-cure and baking enamels Thin layer gel-coat, room temperature cured unsaturated polyesters, casting resins and epoxy resin systems (e.g. floorings) Waterborne coatings. Strong silicone free defoamer for both mill base and letdown Unsaturated polyester, epoxy and polyurethane systems UV Curing and EBC systems Solution of defoaming polymer in isopropanol Polyurethane curtain coatings and baking enamels Polyurethane, acid-cure and NC wood finishes Physically drying systems and air-drying alkyds Polyurethane, acid-cure systems, NC wood finishes and baking enamels Air-drying systems based on acrylic, vinyl and chlorinated polymers Physically drying systems and medium to long oil air-drying alkyds Polyurethane, acid-cure and NC wood varnishes, good compatibility Solventborne industrial and decorative finishes, including roller, brush and airless spray applications Waterborne industrial coatings Waterborne coatings and pigment concentrates where high shear processing or application exists Waterborne coating systems containing low surfactant levels Waterborne clear coat applications, waterborne pigment concentrates Water-based acrylic, low PVC and baking systems. Waterborne pigment concentrates Solvent-free epoxy- and polyurethane systems Solvent-free epoxy- and polyurethane systems, low odor. High solid 2K systems and solvent free radiation curing systems

06 07

Efka 3000 and Irgaflow series

Slip and leveling agents
Productname Chemicalnature Incorporation Active content**[%] Dosage* [%] Solvent-based coating Water-based coating

Efka3030 Efka3031 Efka3033 Efka3034 Efka3035 Efka3236

Basedonpolysiloxane

Organically modified polysiloxane Organically modified polysiloxane Organically modified polysiloxane Fluorocarbon modified polysiloxane Organically modified polysiloxane Organically modified polysiloxane, Solvent free Organically modified polysiloxane, Solvent free Organically modified polysiloxane Organically modified polysiloxane Polysiloxane Polysiloxane modified with unsaturated terminal groups Polysiloxane modified polyisocyanates Polysiloxane modified polyisocyanates Solvent blend of high boiling aromatics, ketones and esters Solvent blend of high boiling aromatics, ketones and esters Fluorocarbon modified polyacrylate Dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt in a water / isopropanol mixture Aqueous/propylene glycol formulation containing dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt Fluorocarbon modified polyacrylate Polymeric fluorocarbon compound Polymeric fluorocarbon compound Fluorocarbon modified polyacrylate Fluorocarbon modified polyacrylate Acrylic polymer Acrylic copolymer Fluor-modified polyacrylate Fluor-modified polyacrylate

Any stage Any stage Any stage Any stage Any stage After thinning After thinning Any stage Any stage After or prior to processing End of process Added to the hardener Added to the hardener During or after the batch preparation

52% 52% 15% 52% 52% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 70% 50% 45%

0.1- 0.3 0.1- 0.3 0.1-1.0 0.1- 0.2 0.1- 0.5 0.04- 0.4 0.05- 0.5 0.02- 0.3 0.05- 0.3 0.1-1.0 0.2-1.0 2.0-3.0*** 1.0-2.0*** 3.0-5.0

Efka3239 Efka3288 Efka3299 Efka3580 Efka3883

Basedon polysiloxane, reactive

Efka3886 Efka3888 Efka3037 Efka3038 Efka3277 Efka3360 Efka3370

End of process Any stage Any stage End of process End of process End of process End of process End of process End of process Any stage Any stage Any stage

100% 60% 70% 60% 100% 50% 60% 70% 70% 50% 50% 70%

0.5-2.0 0.5-3.0 0.5-3.0 0.5-1.5 0.1- 0.5 0.1-1.0 0.5-2.0 0.5-1.0 0.5-2.0 0.5-2.0 0.5-2.0 0.1-0.5

Basedonpolyacrylates,solventsorsiliconefreesurfactants

Efka3570 Efka3600 Efka3650 Efka3772 Efka3777 Efka3778 Efka3785 Irgaflow100 Irgaflow110

* Dosage: % w/w on total formulation ** Typical values, not intended as specification *** % on polyol component

UV coatings

Automotive coatings

Decorative coatings

Industrial coatings

Wood coatings

Description,application

Improve slip & mar resistance, very compatible Solvent borne metal-, wood- and paper coatings, including UV cured Improve surface flow, excellent compatibility in clear coat Strong substrate wetting and anti cratering Solvent- and waterborne coatings, baking enamels, unsaturated PE including UV cured Solvent borne wood finishes, industrial coatings and solvent free floor coatings Similar to Efka 3236 but stronger defoaming properties Strong slip and surface smoothness effect for high gloss industrial coatings Strong slip and surface smoothness effect for high gloss industrial coatings Anti-cratering and leveling agent for waterborne coatings UV curing systems for wood- and plastic and paper coatings Polyurethane wood coatings including moisture cured Polyurethane metal coatings Flow agent, prevent surface defects, cob-webbing, streaking, chilling, shorten setting time Air drying and baking enamels Solvent free version of Efka 3777 Low cost highly efficient surfactant and versatile wetting agent used as dispersing aid for waxes and pigments. Also helps water based coating wet various surfaces Low cost highly efficient surfactant and versatile wetting agent used as dispersing aid for waxes and pigments. Also helps water based coating wet various surfaces Excellent substrate wetting, leveling and anti-cratering Baking enamels based on polyesters or acrylics. 2 pack polyurethane, 2 pack epoxy and air dried alkyd systems. Strong anti cratering, leveling and substrate wetting Modified version of Efka 3600 Leveling and anti cratering Solventborne systems, coil coatings, OEM and industrial coatings Coil coatings, solventborne and solvent free systems. Leveling agent for industrial coatings, coil coatings, 2K PUR, 2K Epoxy, baking enamels Solvent based industrial- and wood coatings. Improved leveling and defoaming performance compared to Efka 3777 Solvent based industrial- and wood coatings. Higher leveling and anti crater efficiency then Irgaflow 100. Improved leveling and defoaming performance compared to Efka 3600

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Dispersants
Dispex
Productname Chemicalnature Productform Average molecularweight Activecontent* [%] pH* assupplied Neutralizing agent*

DispexA40(V) DispexN40V DispexN100 DispexGA40 DispexG40 DispexHDN

Ammonium polyacrylate Sodium polyacrylate Sodium polyacrylate Ammonium polyacrylate copolymer Sodium polyacrylate copolymer Sodium polyacrylate copolymer

liquid liquid powder liquid liquid liquid

4000 4000 4000 6000 6000 20000

40 40 99 40 40 40

8 7.5

NH3 NaOH NaOH

7.5 7.5 7.2

NH3 NaOH NaOH

* Typical values, not intended as specification

 Density* [g*cm1]

Water-based coating

Water-based inks

Aqueousindustrial andautomotive systems

Aqueous decorative highPVCPaint

Aqueous decorative lowPVCPaint

Aqueous decorative "washable"paint

Drypowder system

Water-based construction

1.16 1.3

1.13 1.2 1.2

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Dispersants
Efka 4000 series high molecular weight dispersants
Productname Chemicalnature Activecontent* [%] Acid value* Amine value* Solvent-based coatings Water-based coatings UV coatings Automotive coatings

Efka4008 Efka4009 Efka4010 Efka4015 Efka4020 Efka4046 Efka4047

Basedonacrylicblockcopolymersmade bycontrolledfree-radicalpolymerization Basedonpolyurethanes

Modified polyurethane polymer Modified polyurethane polymer Modified polyurethane polymer Modified polyurethane polymer Modified polyurethane polymer Modified polyurethane polymer Modified polyurethane polymer Modified polyurethane polymer Modified polyurethane polymer Modified polyurethane polymer Modified polyurethane polymer Acrylic block copolymer Acrylic block copolymer Acrylic block copolymer Acrylic block copolymer Acrylic block copolymer Acrylic block copolymer Modified polyacrylate polymer Modified polyacrylate polymer Modified polyacrylate polymer Modified polyacrylate polymer Modified polyacrylate polymer Modified polyacrylate polymer Modified polyacrylate polymer Modified polyacrylate polymer Modified polyacrylate polymer Modified polyacrylate polymer Modified polyacrylate polymer

60% 60% 51% 50% 65% 40% 35% 45% 40% 30% 30% 80% 50% 50% 70% 55% 50% 40% 50% 40% 55% 50% 50% 50% 40% 60% 40% 40%

13 13 12

9 9 6 10 9 19 17 14 13 8 4 56 19 28 28 4 20 42 50 22 35

Efka4050 Efka4055 Efka4061 Efka4080 Efka4300 Efka4310 Efka4320 Efka4330 Efka4340 Efka4585 Efka4400 Efka4401 Efka4402 Efka4403 Efka4510 Efka4530

20 35

45 26 27 25 42 19

Basedonmodifiedpolyacrylates

Efka4550 Efka4560 Efka4570 Efka4580 Efka4590

39

Dosage: Starting point recommendations are based on the surface area of the pigments. The recommendation is for active dispersant on pigment. Inorganic pigments: 10 % of the oil absorption value Organic pigments: 25 - 50 % the BET value or pigment surface area Carbon blacks: 20 - 40 % of the DBP value

Decorative coatings

Industrial coatings

Wood coatings

Description,application

Butylacetate version of Efka 4009 for decorative coatings General industrial coatings where cost effective performance is vital General industrial coatings including coil coatings Solvent-based industrial coatings, low viscosity in high pigmented systems Aromatic free dispersing agent for solvent borne industrial coatings and decorative coatings and colorants General industrial coatings High quality industrial finishes including automotive OEM and refinish High quality industrial finishes including automotive OEM and refinish as well as resin minimal pigment concentrates General industrial coatings as well as resin minimal pigment concentrates High quality industrial, automotive and refinish applications; strong viscosity depressing properties Strong viscosity depressing properties Solvent-based industrial and decorative coatings including medium- and long oil alkyds High quality solvent borne industrial and automotive coatings. Setting new standards as a dispersant for resin free pigment pastes for coil coatings and dispersant for carbon blacks giving extremely high jetness High quality solvent borne industrial coatings. Due to its more polar character compared to Efka 4310 better suitability for thermoplastic acrylates Solvent borne industrial and decorative coatings. Well suitable for the manufacture of pigment pastes with very broad compatibility ranging from polar to very apolar systems Solvent borne high-end applications. Industrial and automotive systems, good performance in CAB modified systems but also with 2K PU and 2K epoxy High-end waterborne coatings, industrial and automotive. Broad compatibility with different binder systems, pH independent. Considered suitable for VOC free applications Coil coatings High quality industrial coatings including transportation topcoats. Excellent for industrial colorants in combination with grinding resins such as Larapol A81 Mainly used for co-grinding of all kinds of pigment blends in solvent borne coatings as well as in gel-coats Resin minimal pigment concentrates based on alkyd resins Water- and solvent borne industrial coatings Waterborne industrial coatings. Solvent borne RMPCs including NC lacquers Waterborne industrial and automotive coatings, pH independent. Broad compatibility. Suitable for making resin containing and resin free pigment concentrates Waterborne decorative and industrial coatings, pH independent. Broad compatibility. Suitable for making resin containing and resin free pigment concentrates Water- and solventborne industrial coatings High end industrial and automotive coatings. Suitable for making resin free and resin containing pigment concentrates Waterborne industrial and decorative coatings where cost effective performance is vital
These recommendations are starting points. The correct dosage of dispersant should be determined in a ladder study. Incorporation: Dispersant should be added to the mill base prior to the addition of pigment. * Typical values, not intended as specification

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Dispersants
Efka 5000 series low molecular weight dispersants
Productname Chemicalnature Activecontent* [%] Acid value* Amine value* Solvent-based coatings Water-based coatings UV coatings

Efka5010 Efka5044 Efka5054 Efka5055 Efka5063 Efka5065 Efka5066 Efka5070 Efka5071 Efka5207 Efka5210 Efka5215 Efka5220 Efka5244 Efka5744 Efka6050 Efka6230

Acidic polyester polyamide Unsaturated polyamide and acid ester salts Carboxylic acid salts Carboxylic acid salts of polyamine amides Partial amide and salt of unsaturated carboxylic acid Unsaturated carboxylic acid, combined with a paint compatible organically modified poly-siloxane Unsaturated carboxylic acid. Unsaturated carboxylic acid and esters, combined with a compatible organically modified poly-siloxane Alkylol ammonium salt of carboxylic acid Hydroxyl functional unsaturated modified carboxylic acid Acidic polyester polyamide Acidic polyester polyamide Acidic polyether Unsaturated polyamide and acid ester salts Unsaturated polyamide and acid ester salts Fatty acid amide Aliphatic polyether with acidic groups

50% 52% 52% 52% 52% 52% 52% 52% 53% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 85% 52% 100%

140 25 53 46 85 120 140 55 90 100 85 270 180 290 85 65 20 30 16 51 42 11

100

20

Dosage: Starting point recommendations are based on the surface area of the pigments. The recommendation is for active dispersant on pigment. Inorganic pigments: 10 % of the oil absorption value Organic pigments: 25 - 50 % the BET value or pigment surface area Carbon blacks: 20 - 40 % of the DBP value

Automotive coatings

Decorative coatings

Industrial coatings

Wood coatings

Description,application

All types industrial coatings for inorganic pigments Solventborne and solvent free systems. Also effective for gelling bentonite concentrates Low polar to medium polar systems. Also for bentonite gels Non polar to medium polar systems. Compared to Efka 5054 stronger anti settling and anti sagging in high built systems Industrial coatings from medium to polar systems Polyurethane systems and baking enamels. Also for orientation of aluminum pigments Polyurethane systems and baking enamels. Strong anti-settling effect Similar to Efka 5065 but with better compatibility in less polar systems Water and solventborne systems. Strong anti-settling effects Solventborne decorative and decorative paints. Low polar to non-polar systems All types industrial coatings for inorganic pigments. Dispersion of extenders and fillers in composites (SMC+BMC) All types industrial coatings for inorganic pigments. Dispersion of extenders and fillers in composites (SMC+BMC) All types of industrial and decorative coatings for inorganic pigments specially TiO . Dispersion of extenders and fillers in composites (SMC+BMC) Solventborne and solvent free systems. Also effective for gelling bentonite concentrates Solventborne and solvent free systems. Found as very effective in dispersing fillers in composite systems such as in SMC and BMC Dispersing agent especially for fumed silicas. Especially in composite formulations for increased thixotropic behavior Dispersing agent for inorganic pigments and fillers for decorative and industrial coatings
These recommendations are starting points. The correct dosage of dispersant should be determined in a ladder study. Incorporation: Dispersant should be added to the mill base prior to the addition of pigment. * Typical values, not intended as specification

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Dispersants
Fatty acid modified emulsifiers (FAME)
Productname Chemicalnature Activecontent* [%] Acid value* Amine value* Solvent-based coatings Water-based coatings Automotive coatings

Efka6220 Efka6225

Fatty acid modified polyester Fatty acid modified polyester

100% 100%

22 46

35 47

Dosage: Starting point recommendations are based on the surface area of the pigments. The recommendation is for active dispersant on pigment. Inorganic pigments: 10 % of the oil absorption value Organic pigments: 25 - 50 % the BET value or pigment surface area Carbon blacks: 20 - 40 % of the DBP value

Decorative coatings

Industrial coatings

Wood coatings

Description,application

Improve compatibility and color acceptance of universal colorants in base paints Dispersant for universal decorative colorants for tinting systems
These recommendations are starting points. The correct dosage of dispersant should be determined in a ladder study. Incorporation: Dispersant should be added to the mill base prior to the addition of pigment. * Typical values, not intended as specification

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Dispersants
Efka 1000 universal resins for resin minimal pigment concentrates (RMPC)
Productname Chemicalnature Incorporation Active content**[%] Acidvalue* Solvent-based coating Water-based coating

Efka1016 Efka1101 Efka1500 Efka1501 Efka1502 Efka1503

Carboxylated acrylic copolymer Modified polyacrylate Fatty acid modified polymer Fatty acid modified polymer Fatty acid modified polymer Fatty acid modified polyester

To the mill base before adding pigments Before or after processing End of processing Before or after processing Before or after processing Before or after processing

30% 60% 90% 100% 95% 75% 39 41

* Typical values, not intended as specification

Solvent-free coatings

Description,application

Low molecular weight grinding resin used to disperse pigments for waterborne inks. Highly hydrophilic properties and can be used as sole binder were high solids and very good resolubility are required Hydroxy functional acrylic resin for solvent borne RMPC Modified polyester for water- and solvent borne RMPC Modified polyester for water- and solvent borne RMPC. Liquid resin for the production of low VOC pigment concentrates Modified polyester for water borne RMPC Self-emulsifying polyester for waterborne decorative pigment concentrates

18 19

Rheology modifiers
Productname Chemicalnature Productform Type Activecontent* [%] pH* assupplied Density* [g*cm1]

ViscalexHV100 ViscalexHV200 ViscalexHV300 ViscalexHV30 ViscalexLO30 ViscalexVM ViscalexVG2 ViscalexAT90 Rheovis112 Rheovis132 Rheovis152 Rheovis162

Anionic polyacrylate copolymer Cationic polyacrylate copolymer Anionic polyacrylate copolymer Anionic polyacrylate copolymer Anionic polyacrylate copolymer Anionic polyacrylate copolymer Anionic polyacrylate copolymer Anionic polyacrylate copolymer Anionic polyacrylate copolymer Anionic polyacrylate copolymer Anionic polyacrylate copolymer Anionic polyacrylate copolymer

powder powder liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid

AS

99 99

AS ASE ASE ASE ASE LDP HASE HASE HASE HASE

99 30 30 30 30 60 40 40 40 35 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.5 3 3 3 3 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.18 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.04

AS Alkali-Swellable ASE Alkali-Swellable Emulsion HASE Hydrophobically modified Alkali-Swellable Emulsion LDP Liquid Dispersion Polymer * Typical values, not intended as specification

 Water-base coating

Water-based inks

Aqueousindustrial andautomotive systems

Aqueous woodcoatings

Aqueous decorative HighPVCPaint

Aqueous decorative LowPVCPaint

Calcium carbonate systems

Gypsum systems

Cementbased systems

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Miscellaneous
Productname Chemicalnature Incorporation Active content**[%] Solvent-based coating Water-based coating

Efka6622 Efka6700 Efka6950 Efka6043 Efka6745 Efka6780 Efka6782 Efka6W13

Fatty acid modified polyester Ketozamine with phosphorous ester salt Over based calcium sulfonate complex Inert powder modified with an active silicon compound Blue Powder Cationic compounds Cationic compounds Aqueous solution of a polyacrylamide polymer

Any stage Before processing In the mill base Add before dispersing pigments In the mill base End of process End of process In the mill base

71% 15% 60% 100% 100% 80% 70% 20%

* Typical values, not intended as specification

 Description,application

Stabilizes inorganic and organic pigments in water and solvents. In addition it makes the polar ingredients of universal colorants, which are used in non-polar solvent-based paints, more compatible Anti-skin and anti-gelling agent for air drying and baking enamels Anti-settling control additive for high-filled solvent-borne systems Antifloating compound that stabilizes and reduces the tendency of pigments to flooding and floating Synergist to aid dispersion of phthalocyanine pigments, give lower viscosity of concentrates Industrial coatings, improving conductivity Conductivity agent for industrial coatings Production of ceramic materials

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