Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy ‘ARO CHERCHIA, Ue hn AL VAN ENTE, rt rn nthe feo MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS wy GHEORGHE PAUN sit of arate of i amin Aa KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS‘NCU Canoga dr hoki Ly ap ey Ke Act Pei, ty Rewer Ae Pata Pred on ai paper gue ive a Res “ene din eto opts ona ee inde aye mc yore nt ‘oon wo wma ome opt CONTENTS FORMAL LANGUAGE THEORY PREREQUISITES (CONTEXTS (ADJOINING) EVERYWHERE ASIC CLASSES OF CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS 41 Dine 42 Ban 5.8 Rlatchip with ani he Chk heres 1. Cate prope 1A. Asecaa mcogniton anderson 15, Ambiguitye conrents 1, Deition nd bai lk 5, steal contenu ih gla sleton 9, GRAMMARS WITH MINIMAL/MAXIMAL USE OF 8.1 Deion: The power of grammas with inna we of 93 utp omnes 10, VARIANTS OF CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS 102. Opesided cotta 103. Desi grammars 104 Pel eition 106. Blocked devon 11, TWO-LEVEL CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS 12, REGULATED CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS 15, A GENERALIZATION: .CONTEXTHAL GHAMMARS 154, Cantera grammer fore 15. Growth ition 164. Nebeay Carma 16. OPEN PROBLEMS AND RESEARCH TOPICS ipuiocRarny 2—— SRE Sno Se PREFACE it aut ly ted pen ‘Sotho at ec orl, 7 7 see ght ra sy te fio ged a i tiie STS cata mayen let te erie se a aden h l ont fetus mse dio in propaga suo (cee estilo ny eter sea nee tel ras ‘fol eon ot Chapter 0 ics "een cco:* PRerace ‘re coateter gramme ae ce etough (atural guage, pogras ‘lopmeetal biology. modeling economic press. forma seit approaches {tits ne el et) onding Un ihe wo oem ob ‘Othe other aed, “smo ny Ingange one can think f icone seas the oy Know proton a ol ete eet tec lintly bed on dapat (7 ye 28) sn kno at th fm comer nga ano he lo ‘there is at aoc Inngunge L’ which coster-senstive and whee stings teers (gy sey fatal ox eer eur Cac without ay atu) "Thaw hen we acl cole (C5 that satura fngngs ar tents (Yh ton ‘it smply nnn (99). Handing content scstve gar Siu (Oe menbcip pote, lthugh ei ca be os vey igh “otply even PSPACE compli, andmany be See ‘sie the meas af the gered sting on the as of doriatos a ‘ottattoe gama onthe ba fetta ts) 208 centered at acne ta, he ol bg arse ‘ie wept af the ott ha poring ey enn Tet poets a pombe A power each oma! language hry ‘rs deaopt te wg reeled yeu Doe freon fa he me (teeta fe porns he medi to te Sssthe pode aac pupae ted ages), popemed ad cute [eta ett ipod the nga ed es), ond refed only i the penc/eborne of crn nomena), {eoblcoedce on teseng owen ald be allel aoe or Proton to be med) erate (al scans of sonata ete tinal cnn hui be rman erat pte le tthe len lst that laine snl te» ped a), Sh on and ve eth Deion, mss a loge nermaticn ‘fond in toe mason eeopmenc cen be ou i (chy erste ll cnet oe lng ne wl ae the neem fe Seactons natn! laguna) sd deotack ie power ton ag tte ententippebem mite, Iangangs a he pe le” tm 2 ‘hate fo ening fr Se aiguage can sis he geal ‘The tea af hopng the goetve ponerse onl ha othe at cn of mil onetime of font nan a fans Tenge (85) ‘Tae cna snes fps sth pee MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS = ‘mil tne and hae th "hounded oath proper (tae bound o the ‘itecne ews the lege fay pra nthe ngage sd he gt the pre nmediatly Lge a bagi to the gene) set, he pops expend serine, ih ach sone proper ‘Ven of re eotieg prom heed preomars le deed romans tenor proms [3 moder wor rmmers (8), ne ‘Mun yonmars outed rt se. own eat awew tate has en aot inewaing the pow of ene foe grammars by xeperaton cuerng prema sens Rough apo foun ncang von opie poor oieto eet soe | tng The bse vara a th ventless ihe sopra det Sted grammar ayes ede! iy mr th cmponts ok ‘i Sal one Gung stv ats, nthe pr see he raed ‘Sng roar ystems nH) ‘Duronoody. ch oe om Reon wena erm tation on equ or by emma Deccan be fn tbe ongrs Bf and wen Sevdopmena Bh However, lth eign bd on a inet amie whic is ot neces pe aie (cha ‘ov sug tht he sent the Chay esha Scns way of memuing something rear ote potion of eae ot Iagag. Ye the Chomay here eft hgh seg ‘a gary sggeting on doy for esumg, ta catered aes {sre Gedung mrt nags) ae ample as hey ae ce than toma ttre (ichigo) Yet we Low ta ata ittgugr slundrdeplaiwe bt sor mtr ing (08 ‘pan tn oer tage big elem etre ar nse roca than cetera (Sn a [02 i reece) ‘Re Manutr Ras sit the gun sp by Choy ae eget hte cla featur langage il be fod see the {hon Mercy Yt tis mmo heen opel at Ie ‘andy posable fo xn tha eine tcry of tere apg ‘ond dene nds of langage whi x nominate wit ie Cho ‘Spe easel nga, fo unrelenting fw ao enter ee language and on ih ‘Solomon Marcu, th gine tee gama, bs in see plac, he alge wes toda nie aerate eae ont ‘Sing airy spb, ad not on te oti ha oth Ren ‘cig in tapout org Hntai ote pi of ing) wih mae toa eo ew expen of ‘elds 2 Uae! of nt (90 al ngs sso CCietal gramme te to eat the seg anet inert, ee sete eave es empleo sa ae Tn th stint introduced [10 the njining fhe eater pete the mare the ven dive rng we el hse aa tera Inurl ntsc mre nec [18 The molhemstil sted of wonton pare nlp gully Sum nai of ets ean be fo (10, 9, However, a sme Prado station amet aogier mols yeaa eg liste objet a gol pr se, mio explting tha ng ee iteration i drt nin ht Stan, we have to ding etme td Thee ete ee tnt sa flow om he gc sine ot sarin oneal rss sad pra ad di orn Se compoot fuck gram The man importa es er ae the gastro fete dain nating x ote aint ing ith nt oon anne Li any cnet aceping = inate apt pio £. Thr gare lon mae leo ompere ‘teins the spit th cntestan gy (genera of tte tata! eno plop rong sz comet Sonat With rpc to then the oman egy of tng ta the fontesoa gay oy Is happens and the wa the niet os ge tener of paper inte fl flere teal oe eggs =a ‘Savon dint of vrs taps of grata ae ed {rodent nl nwt ga, ie has may cose ie Uirgrtaton terme of conte pas a oy natal ope bionic weed nf). snot unas {Sit bon iho the snes athena mee iy depen "he ti at t,o well the erp ingot fact Ba be nly ignored by ts onto ra erin the el om ‘fon, ied msl by mantener see ‘Aewond pect gui revans faettalsary eeo ie tapaiy to cata ssow ype care hau orang ara Tags Thwe canine apc att foal angus ach oe | = (ab) (etre [w> 1h fbmene | ms I) te free the eats ‘ape of oma! pumas wan donee al ey, the ed ‘stra conta granary wh ata oe of ctr iioneadly vee al the lee nem ata med see The laces ver cmp whens tnt sid esl oi the lear MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS a ould be minal, none oft sit apart ca be wed a4 sen The leans af te ramus fr the sty of ental ga ten Sieve in (110 an “The prt book mono intoduton othe Bl, over all taser material degen ts ncaa orang beens ete hich ae inten re mote pa of ew aot var to aa! laggy wy Of eu, We oa much ore at ta han te U2 Romanian esp VO many pees fram “pe 6] hve ben sed at tein, many oon ota we Be ince, ego (14, (1), 8, 17, (7 (08, ae: we cover ‘dna che grinmate wth nl of et, the ich an tobe ‘hac o natural langage odsing Toya inpotat new topes aout ‘esata pion a can cp veel to a lea the uerton grmare oad i (be ‘ings ve ered eens). Cotetal gear wih irae ‘sda by mean a tenner of) tht sone rt Inthe bok vier sc knoe sont ose gemmas sit a pests pets fou fc, ol ny thie eal fm are ea wh bl natal angen tefl, both ofa athena ye cat png grin, or Instn) and of tings oly tint lcm pramaee {Sn gue amy fc en al gag We Weel smn apeaing sd rosin "We oul be nate ote render ray comet the opie Sc set inh oe, formate abt ne tonal epee hi ‘ela fst grammar he stay of tara langage In rer {o'hp the ese itr io cartertan grams pole al ‘Such, low wparte pier eller oe probe wich nou ope, "Tis wrk ha aly bend fm heath calabria with at fhe people sd i dr devlopmeat of etestaa rae,‘Spi thks edo to Kay Dec and Martin Kappes Be ed suatge),n Apri June 1996, he period when the first serio of the book wae ‘rien’ ote Aendanyof Fi, whith as spot [Dig 118) 8 To tay Tei Cente fr Camp Soy TUCS, 16-17 pt ‘ines tsb as be ished oe General Disestie eeaeh ‘agoea, in Apei-June 107,» period whem the manuscript hasbeen prepared Fm sh much adhd Kee Adami Publ ee CHAPTER 1 ORIGIN AND MOTIVATION The per whee § Mares ince the cotta ras in hi ‘eral tian srt spl b dans, witboat ay mtn he Soncopt. eta inline prs, bua te ne generac ‘i were din the aneork ftie shonin gray th SCSu0 A Seer (21) nd the roma of omen of PL Vala fd MV" Christo eee anf i), Beg nati of [meee cant topes inte gic meh hn, We Yel etn 0) the eins fae gps of ana ‘Gin an ahah V, two ning yon Vand cotet (44) 8 Ve sy that he pac) 9) na neighbor oy wt pec tol ween a io tings and rch tht = sa Evry pr the om (#9 here (or) acon on Vandy nt gon Pee cle hore Gn nighlrod yuma tg ote fm = (He P) meV San aphobet eas ot nV (ed the boundary aye and Saft et of megbhoonds on Uf). Iaguage ovr V iad Ue iertel by Caf eery ong Ff the Soom =e mith © Ly ad 9 es ai in Po ne ta 10 ane ‘Cyrammarsfonttinsile @= (¥e,Q) whee V and eae the a sins mdghboriood gommar ad Q ea fie of igen VU) Taaggeeeeated ty Get by L(G) ie ea ome # (6) ted enly for every decompo Cre = ao at rat nea the at ee i 1. aban fy bang 2. a aupting of bday 1 ling belong ot dt be clad frm he ft (the ight) ie et lat tre A eng bling to @ mi fo be evel tt ‘ord hth fm he ew om the ih2 ‘oar AND ortvarION A eam of contented 10 be bonne if eet nnchd ing fit of engin, whee ey url ng @ = Ung net peat “hat 4 amir octets eo fu Stonned free ‘therm in [1] oe the egal ens he fay ngage encated yet amy ad thf of apg ered In 0 towed that tere est regres wick Aung nd a a gordo loge 00 emt in 10, Man ie ta he amas "Nanay cute romans aro npeeat nh ffl Big fo Sern ne aay eae {SF npanes. The Ht teeny ated by Choma andi. ‘esteem one by Ram nahh Page il ong, Wie American tsritve lagu. At ss sas pate granny ‘a uytte om the age atone fa fol XI ety, ‘ie alata! mds are the eeopnn tema th tpt ow, oso ps emp ‘We got ere sve prep em hic eigen othe nf rin who esi teal nea “Contextual gam ve hii the imp to tain se yoseatn dep within he rane aye meet eae ‘erie devo ong thi ysl ay the ane Sra ara gn wa ra pot ied ‘es we cant camp ofl eyti ele (181g eh no ee oe ‘ipa aon, ich ongatod in [21a wigan gramia sed Wha [ce ao de creping shop [th “ ‘Contestants ey top Hs that non oh wy Dei sing he aon of Sse dts nguer in ©58ieeh ‘hei abd ich eal of KX earthed igo ew ae sotenpiy alphabet As the sda ene ons eonel a andre a (0) a tings over Ah tm ont i inayat tally te eatalttame tc ae eervumcat ty wegtowsad bag petted, ‘Th min amo dasipive lingo wast es ate nagage ri wing hw fn tn ‘Sects Apt exampln ths por 9 whee thor sary ‘String the dition betwen lord sings and wan wl reed ‘ings he oly wenn cara In he sony‘ det MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS s ‘ese a aso, init convation, wt an tuv-pc aw voting fen ee exper of any nate aps os angagh The tpi rr sre el ac py ‘Sher hnd a oes win cotta ad comsonatnopertons fed owned ig, eto weld tn er od, mht {essai f «ening kept welomnede nara ener tha sch bb i the gra apa etc and conten tua penton ove th quota th eds a age nly sph pation he span apy ft nace "Tegra arent aout he ey seat of we el ek singe ina ature agung (soe Sha thangs aot ‘tg it etc gi ea) falc coon (ads feo enry and et coed) Ss wpe known har sl feel arent aoa he (oll) laity of cl red singe mata anguage Sy ete ttf it th abe null le of rama stings cows tht aang son Ae cps bya coat 4) ‘er A he sg we in We ae that a se env ‘ty te of gmail (he wt 1), td thn ati EM Ba Was wat fe ruth s mens nei lof email, ie he ame of tnt of tantra! yotion aru told ee pt ah ne RC Eig om awe eel of ranma, capa ty 2 ie ST wth sige? "The qt mite rovaks sehr” old ‘re tant «he el fg sto 8 hr oe by elie) ‘ntl operations (i lacing woe ings woe one) spied 2 Fite umber af ins * Looting he ume ths tn ee ‘eco the one of mpl cotta ranma the oes ‘cena mina he et ft ery ay ty ate pater of Engin So, we ma oe ha atest Prmuce welfomedsvge Lt ws ht Set Le pose eed tage na choc ius woe Tet et oo eo Tien wend othe one had, he doeforLyt be al epose In order to nthe procs psig stings om Lin aus paul ‘lat te ter bed, the dnt for byt bebe ee wpe, ne fora ihr vt yen of were eng 1 be eed4 otra AN MorTvanioN ‘ty depend on cach tere dese oan tg ote oy fave asters the et fal tom soap that oul st cae aceee eam "nun iden ung thie proce he fart tha epee fy sot say seg cw fpr oe Howe, hapa) ‘sod contexts " Mire ior eacdayromp anaes content oer A can be orate tothe we SC) ofa sg eyed oa ee sme a tne gett Falco ta wei al rns Sey, Sas tls ieee aiknlauees Seah te | i i of with ret to ‘ee 0, [0 te). Seer ome eth mat compres of ‘orplogel eto, my mores he few of “he fat nnd fap caleace woe propor by Dobra (2 gp og capa) ec Dobracin ties the dettonal clan of weet to Lome et D(a) emaning al sve 8m ah tht and) te sept in Lx ‘oeabulry a the et of tows groups in French, then the ualifentive “jeaive send dominate uacsave artis pe tnd ce. Home er wi ei donates grand with eps to pet hen, lao {he dtm clan of rnd) mit dae ac dominate yon aust Itc the fee oon groap ne forme mine he ple mney grandes eal re tome ina fare op Dorset he on f mini nbs las hh that nant A oraaling belong oe For [arene bping he preva iteration ot Dard snl di tial cae, bt Der) uw, bean rd date ne 0 belong mmc) "Thea ike tay athe conde ‘Swe tha the dormatn rein tern wer als tebe spe Fe fom te pit a ia of Cr mero ang the Boon ‘non esol ra of rnd salt he ona ty est Emo ne (de rts fo meine nin, ath inh sags inte pray whe toe teem), Mote vera. Hmong ia deat bt te coners nt then the pel {geal homonyny fb se that tt of ite sin Ba “Telit tp in Dobra appa now appear to be ey mata: be Oye ordained by np tnd ale he oventon of = edit We the oe meal pce by Vth map the “ealion ofeonaention and te Heit 3 he open of coneatnatin| Wemonaive and the re fora € Vo} Wedemer Y= Va (testo went gob V wollen ted eg” to bemonnowe Wey eV and y= ure ripen € 7, then we amy Unt 2 is ‘bord ating) ogy =r, thet a pf ey, and iy = a ‘horas see ry, ws dete by Sy), Pref Saf) a st yn ie ray A tm proper bors prope ris an prope ses oa word yar dete Ey Psu) PPrefgh Pei) rape very ate Lot Vcd tlengage over Vs Vi the antes langue ovr VA langige LV" med for HL © U5 then ft OS aye tht 5 Uden yah). For ing = Y= ‘eet ap sent of ab) {pie (us) of words oer an pial V ie called 9 contr ey ht be tote fe) mel te sing Fit maps to lengua EV”« FORMAL LANGUAGE THEORY PRERBQUISITES equa, bat acetal y (49) ave Operation wi ingot Y= (ot) ben at eset ti tp {eur mt a st opts rape oe etter Wetton opens ante rewrote ages * tne any gy penn ata” (ah, eX wee) Pre aloe), eet eas (2) = Unt, ira ha opaion i eng, 0° 2" 2, eda Mitty Utes oe example, the cocatition oft angugnL © Vite als = eye Live fa 4s ing ove Vy € VS jr, he th ir tay of the tg il) aa ay So be LCV, we OA mid) = (ia) Eh ‘The Soh Pref Sx uations ane exon Inguagsin the sane "he Rene core of» language Lie ed by e=Us, ee 8 = (A) and 1! = 25420. We al deste LF = Uys UB ean The abn ios € Pm elon # y= (upto | lit ws Spey Ua Ud maps hl senda to 7 byt) = fa} aly) = waht zy We weaU eae) enue) Coteus Votes wafers (Gun See cay oth fe 8) Hee eee SEV then ses meron ad wwe) = nad St) 1g a rch "ten nen a's forsee then CepeeyA ie hs a rt a eee ‘Sheen ca ein sat eit itt mapae)'A poe: W te ml nee oe rch ha | al Yale Me wth car cg, A ph (Vuelo Pm he Ba) eV or aed He) a esse overeat aguge LS WO recs coe) A corpo ‘ich Coeutted oer ngage for sore eed race: Chay Tetsiedsephcm o's mapping wit nu araceg, Mh: Vom 0 ee ph: the the mappings 0 debe by Aa} = (9 ¥" | Mylerehse ct call the mveee morph sacl tah, "Th hit yin oa angge with rapt om aagsge Lai eid by bay fe wee Lie La) I by yhy © V~ then wo wn UE) tendo 9), an a tht thi he rf drat Ly wt ‘pct tng. The sh quai aad leslie an be ile nthe sae Dhiga (lene ve la il= aleve) , ‘a bnny spean. Went fay tue mare pean 0 pris) ga Ga Fs cape), wine a Gia) Fs tan Fle nde nb it angus rom Stamiy Pile ery LER.DG Ud 9 V0 2 abate ch ene Pr th ae) ay Py Choma amar el a pains ite me ‘rearing system's apa = (VP) wre i babe and Pe faite sted of Us Us the cements (ao) oF ae weten fer 8 So ding pinay ar ret), Fe G0 reese a tate cae of = i etd by = Ta atom ae ox rr ster ol ter ve 8 tat sbi the noon fa pare pammarFe yre ana (Won Pywe V bring the none we eet lenge gn by by UG)= (ee w= AChomnty eames » girl @= (7,5, P) whe N and T ae jit apbabaey Se Nand Pe fie sated (NUTT AQ UT). (UT) The lames ae eel ontrmia thoi Pa called ‘olin Ie os ona With pet tos gran dfn the reaion = oer (NUT ‘he tame wn fre renting sem (9 UTP fr eiye (NUTY we wre 30 ys jenny tien rman yrs 8 HUF) anda0 FORMAL LANGUAGE THEORY PREREQUISITES lat x diy dre ye) yin grammar 6. The lexive diese "wate othe ton = dense by =>" The ngage fama op ‘eote 1(G is dena by HG) = (2 27 | =>" a) ‘esata tb te Coty mma dm (9) grammars of pe 9 (hres grate) = ranma oboe, (0) tenphincenng mestonon) gamma = with ol < [reach de (6) grams of tp (ometensine) = all re ef he form Silty ssetm be Ae Won ame (UTP.2e (NOTH (2) grammar of tye # cent fe) = aaa af th fr Aer Rewecwwury (6) tar eee = Wh al eof the ore A 2A eee (0 vnkiner gray Irae ae of th forms A A (leper aoa = ao ae fof he fe A 2A Be (0) eames of ge (ps) = ith alae eon he ome Aa Wier a eee enue eth monsoon, snes and rept mae ne cant hae rae the eA os con ee ape ste) te liwing composure tay gatas Slo ltt ory S pt tha Sb ott apr ie hewitt ro Sy ae {The le Sy acy the peta, b eat ewe he pel 8 om eg geen ita eects sep) Amon ih ta nye en posi ecetng th eptoe oS Nw shore oe wo grammars wih geo ur ngage lobe et ran fo (a () ae Bowe ase ee Fy lan hea een praia gp a i), Wedel TN, EG he ean agg ed by ped cna sentient finned pr ay ape Rss ie "peiy eur)" emt ty of fe Negi vot by 408 ty of th noun Sutin ale {in abrvinoe RE, SCF LIN, RBC fe Wing Se nepenting asta MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS 4 “The ating ari non hl esta call this icin the Comers. Toca grammar = (0,8: P) ate tht cach rl Pw have 1 Sen at than aes fey UT Titre (US). "This the tion dation wih ape to he lange grated inthis dency Ln (lt Home that for ‘ype amine Ca above we hve Lay] @C HH ote tip) = He “The pe gramme can al be clair acoding to the fr fit tu ait Inthneasig (a far ea ale), eer te alll ofthe or a= a), and Le omnes (fs in ten oA, A important ston rented octet fe gai tha of dertion ‘re Glew net fe pasmae = (AT SP) aia te Fete 1th wot in nbd by 5, lita oe bled by apm In rand th er ee bo yy T or By 2 if node a7 i Ia By oer Aad ee dca ae wha, nord, by m--vay try ENUM Ete RES Een 5. fa node nrg abled by a nntenminl A at only amd i Table 9 then fv prescon iP nell aml 0 = (5), (a S18 — 55,5 — the he tin 85S S05 = baS = baS0S => al fae nae ne noe abel he Wt the ih ath he nye "hth member fhe oompandng proton “The foter of «ders ree th stag tained by cnctenaing thee ci ne rom he othe re th xn ss he Frnt of the no en bryce) Note thatthe une uc can dete re iain, nly al he clued by aang he sede nie the ae Hew, tee oe tote tnpendece betwee drain ts lat erosfend ” FORMAL LANGUAGE THEORY PRERAQUISITES Lindeamayer system Bally» DL eoiateratins Linden) semen eps gama wh pal eatin G@ = (Po Py ev Banh w EV" (ma) ed Pi tae ote ‘merle P (nay tat Ps eomple Por wey ©" 00 wre sverted language L(G) = (€ V" |w >" =} — a j is Paar 21 Bape drain ee Ie ach len v GP ne ane of Athen me ha Ge rp (wore for cho eV thee ni ne Flee oa Pen G8 ‘Silt e dtm Ie tings sb Tf Vand ne deine L(G) BUG) = (ee [umes thn me wy tint Gi vseadd The fly fing sented ty om ey ea tr ed pert 4 tle OL pte, bern TOL, yer = VP Pas suck hal cach pe Vu 2) 2 24,0 4 smn a ill a) Baye ee eam neon ng He (ces gas yi a a ae) Se ete it eit at rr ie ee aa ae soo ete Fat ig na SNES gnp Ree eters MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS 1s stomata and transdacers Te fie bse faite of lagungs in the Choma hrc, EG, Li, CPCS, RE, ae sho charred by te ‘ton, aed he Turing man res. We wld sly he ae ‘toma ad the Tug an 0 wet Sey oe ter dein ‘ett ot 1 Alita) fe vonatin catc Kintheset of ats, Vath phn othe atoratn the nila, ‘Fis thet onal at tte teen ming Heer) feels € eae Vhs nemy Sas ata termini On he Set eV" theron is defaed nthe follong wa for € ea © Vets, we mite one) (ove) ife esa) by Satan, (3) fo) 11ers tnd neice fie =n. te aghage sa (EV [ana}e* (Ate FY es known tht both deteminiteandnondtrminii ie erats taza te sae oy of guage, arly EC 1st el tn te a seta aud hl ie les spmom p= (Rite dro) mor Res Fe tan ae a i ie tomtom, ae pate thing dopa pet, eects Scpjrand ick xv DOO duals Ue Kian Rene lien aid to be hjee Fee eka € Voy e Vrcand 2c € Vs, ‘ite fs san (2ee9) ave oe). Th fr © 2 me ee Hs) = (2 ENF soa thee Ph ‘Ayam co be gon aie staat With sgt te ao ey to see that fs famyo€lngage shot unr om ping san i ake ‘Sed nde ite ato (a rte er mp, oA wl ‘te he operations Sa, Prep Su ‘Simtel to prt he aan taping ie sr sndol pnt nase frig: newest “ra snd of er) I'he dat fine stomata, sds sina (29) sa) te fhe of ns Then he alana” ae rely 9" in he ele ‘ahem Sinan an fru yoy td weap LYE at 2) = (2€ V5 [mu on, we Le Fh or fie automata we aves pil aes H(M) = (2 EV" ae 2 cen“ FORMAL LANGUAGE THEORY PREREQUISITES A Torny machines conatrct M = (88.7, B,00,8,8), where HV seins (este te nthe ape phe), Pc (he Sapa sphaety 2 € VT (be ak spel ay 2 ibe insta) PS (deantcfalaie), snl tenqopingion KV othe poe seo KV e{E. 8) hemo mapa) fle be etna) fre eneY, Si @ eis then te mnie rae the ye instead pues {o'eate ts pao the rb with 6 and tom the ewe hed fo the ee when = ao te it bee =e Fc) al FC ve than Msi eb dot ‘Wed ot doe foal th vy ering of Tsing aie we he recogni Inguage normaly sekng we ata te ita a ag {het symbol et ing oer writen onthe ane tap ad rng 1e'he night a0 ft with nkownded sng of Boor peed oe Imponed hy fhe acim ft apy cling tn lea the trite bead,togtie wththe sta isd entrain mack ‘Sofcraton he bothes moe pm ned econ sae fey ‘Sen the apa sng coe ‘Determine n-ne Tring chines ve he xe owe, toe tot hrstrae he ear svar langage, Ail apes fe be eonideed and madhne mht st Jomo we sine 8 Tg Inuchi canbe sen sm computahy derie, blatng mappng tween the pat sting the sing meen oe tp ne se sf alton, ay agora, attr how lied ori, {an ested by Tne mac some san, th ft aoa ed be Tang machin ne ea Agee ew for isang tio with angige the th ‘iy of aatrct femies of langunges kta of langage ta be thar comin oat ot spy langge era rn) Soria ai al «itt cet nde hee morph fee ‘erin an nest ith pus agg to ed unr cn ieee ame APU (AFL abtroraton fot abt fay of aap) 4 APL with cd wae tcoeneation and Kote led ‘AFL. (mt APL of AFL) nbc indeed ne ata mrp iets to he alan flange weed er one othe at [AFL operas (at I lon eeanatn, Klewe tee moh ‘Muto ihn td one tan ee see ge TBOre 2 Ek il) embod hen + ‘Theorem 22. 17am F fm ftguaes conan ol fr lengsegee — MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS 6 Corley 2. 1) fam of agg i ce der onstensto, 2 Arama mune men, Hat Ar wh (es ‘able2.1: Cote pope iin in the Chay herd HET OS] CF ORT Ra Tara sar Wo Re [ er Tegulelangenges | ven | vis | von | vos | vee [Berson ype ve ve Yor se a es Yer [Ver [Yo Var Taw eg Year| Var [Var | Vor oc CC Tener sea ra Ne [Re 8e ve Tea aoe [thoes angage | vr | No | Yee | Yo | Yer Tarai ere fave ver ie ret vart Be We ve ‘sing rch rte ican be proved hat ven fy of guns is AAPL without cing theca als option, On ne ae bd sowing that fay ran AFL we an nro cae popro o Aenean fe fom mptgy ery al APL ved net sant wi yr gegen yom mag a vk fo6 FORMAL LANGUAGE THEORY PREREQUISTTES “The cee pope he amie athe Coma hiarchy ne Slate act one owe tt REG he el Glow a alphabet V, the tof ela expense i nad by he wing om le 1.0, an each enn of V te gla xpi 2: and ve exon, () (0) a8 A tangage (0) i sated to rp expetin ¢ acting to the 2%, Ha) = fo 06 V5 2. Mle) vio) = HopUtle lone) = Ho)E09, Hi) = das Bees me ass +o hae aon ove the coetenaton a he on catenin to have ny ee un, when wg eg xpeon ‘ely te anny arnt ae sete, er atm, (0) he arr {hee ut (oUt) tet fe eas, he and Ya Monee we we (eu “Toru 2.6. (Rlene) The ono tenses ded by plays on cul te BBO. In geo, mo hal ony gua cron with te lngaag® defied eating he anus La? 80a) ‘eidabityprobloms Given cla X ef amiary the along ae © flonan BC)? tee an ery thea let 4G)? oper Hoos fence {) te? play (Gs) aga ng? ‘The guages witha deadolemamberpqueton ae ell recwrae ad {he fo ed sty ee CS and MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS ” glist itd tn» ess oan te ns bore Im te pele tomes pote bya sser slg net sae ‘oblen undid rer (oughly speaking, ey nani of or Doble seie «spi gut), The meme poland ores caled norm: hth al Gre try tpt he Pate, 110 lef enone artvary, thew bt the efor "emberapprobin. We el bere wi te sr vata th lie “Tble22 shows he dab proprio af epemmar ated) ‘he ie amis of langage the Coes Here U and for ars {ihe ual Dor deciae ide 9 la eben, ‘Table 22: Db ele or rama inthe Choy beach HES oF eae a a Tae wer} Mebery —|—U——p—}->—} pb Regsaigy ———--}--}-0—} tore tate Pant Coregedene Pte La bean pa cat ing lt twos au to ntuple a mcr goat (20.9 = (ht) Wey thal the Poot Crspondence ban a dition fore if he ae the nary ye TE4S whack ef Zim wha ren mye Ghat 1p eating theron sea Hoe a he it Coon Polen ds Necessary conditions. Inoret rove ht agg di bln toa gies omy my coe ae gerald UU EG be a lnpungy Asn Chptr 1 me emote by 2) th at cf enleat seeping «wih pt to tn thee (C40) hee Vense e L} foerye i" mewite sy yifddes) © be), ie otal ration (eee, ymca rate), Dest ye the een sag of 2" with wet tesy and Oy V*/ tooo ep des Uf ef eV at acid in Theorem 2.4. (MyhilNecle) A avfc ne fist Ui rep ed only6 FORMAL Lane UAGE THEORY PREREQUISITES or V= (ajay) ith thin odeting of the sbok) we define the nabing (alll ihe Path mopping) @ye 2 Ut =e Nb Wo) = reese U' We ered ths spying in the mala ayo feo Hwa lagung Lad © V" eth tat Wey) = Wa) oe old Ee etereyaet ‘Taorem 2.7 Bury cone elgg i eter ‘Case nom te operations of omponeti ton an of mies hyn oe tat ful etre gen nin. Ase Irott” ald tobe tna therene te ete rtm 2 such ata = fag Stipe [eau © NA He in fear sat (a Setcer se ‘Theorem 28. (Pub) LGV" # otetee [Corollary 2.2, ()Biery cnltfinefonuey ve # otra 4 sega (4) The length ot feng) = fe | © 2) fener nine eatnfeeune oti fat deel program se, then (8) Conder nom the ne poping Fema Theorem 2:9, (Baril, wuss, paring lem fo cote ee an ease) HEE CEL EV thn the an pg ON rth at eery © E SADE 3p Sn ten ithe form 2 = nrmey, ath wasesy 6" Ihsol equmee h end wer er orallize ‘Thaoren 2.10, (Papin ns orn Inguagee) IF € LIN Us then heres are N sch te ery th |p con Be ten Kideform s S'uteey, wid uerowa eV", byl Save # had ued forall 20. Theorem 211 (Pungng ener or esa) 11 € RBG, = fw ihe form = uv, wih wy EV", fon) gn 8A, and wu EL for all ‘Thora 2.12 (Opt, paring ith make ysitons) LE CE, LS ethene ep GN snc hl forsonp Lond fren la > Imei one of mili can ees wey, re (i sem wove, er srry cin tet one marked sm Gi) ove contains et mest mated pty (i) way for lte2 0 pice MARCUS CONTENTUAL GRAMMARS » ‘hootem 212, If Vi ner tagage, ten there are ruler Ore i, Gh Joven 26 Ly (fs) hove ny Cha (2 ha, oped), oh mecavel ‘ng te aera canons he owing ations can be pone y= [a0 [nb Ne LIN ~ REG, B= [ere [a2 1) ¢08—CF, 2 = freee fa} eCS~CF, Eafe Ina }ecs—ch, B= [esd mb 1) ECS—CP, Lye feu" nz lems 2) ec3— Cr Da t"P Hsn meg] ECS CF, By= {re {0 Ile = 6b) €CF LIN, fay (26 (eel ele= b= Heh} CS: onsale conn Teorems 272.0 ao alco or agnage to bea he pr ttc he onion do a characte the co ‘ext fer esa agen TEs comfy ports of ven fay of langage ad necoay coe feng oun Fe ao natn es roi tia Fs cd we mot teri tna tng ean Trove dt 8 (pom eng mmr snd) hen we fr Cat ver “Tha sce ew nm tego pov hat aaa ngungs ae senate fs Let rel oe thet, hugh tne (eee), tae stmt "che he wt ell ons te frm ob, May, Dai aes thw, widows wide, rape" Let a ace the at ‘hes spa mati (ct cy "aglycone ) Hand ely {Poh at cate ate ment he taf onde owe ido so tae gar the tae these ener a he ecco Fran the pst of a of api rami, he sat tc ps ie Gane now ngs arcas @ = ((S.36Y).7)S.P), nh 2 5 (etn eis a ety oe, thba ” FORMAL LANGUAGE THEORY PREREQUISITES ‘teint Bhs wih (0) wea th ganee L Bas twee ct feeb L(G) ireland CF led at Tats with regi langvge flows fame, {Misteaot ue les pm wie replace ach meal by eye tet a minin na thbeylrsSeword cre nth te pol cr" wide with and" wid by 5 ol oar, AE mpih (6) = 9) = see 6 (80), ich the ngage Lecter sve, This tones tre ngage, ‘Contacto othe hss hae Bag cute e ‘sta sient gan nent ith reglar nngege a he 1 vor ely trp rene ioiing the ssi) owed any Seber placa he nade Bree sein the eee gen te Poe ie Reprosatatons. Often, language in x fly can be obnined fom single Iago tate Langage fans pope ban) wang a ‘pain: a mine rues thie UFC, sch tht fr ch 8 eet eagumde PS wht pope a Corollary 23, Byerylnpaye L&E ete writen in he frm say Efe then FSCS ape no ad D8 ar Jom b ses UL Lae hear ad "The langage geeaed by the cotet-ee game @ = ((8) fob Pape elie MEE ee sete y ntereig enh a oh) ptf peo, Dye ‘eto al warmed expen 0 parethoe We ca belo thi [Beguge a tbat of allvcge vet (a. ayd) mie ab aed oy herted ofthe acl tuk "Dt ems When at ‘we comer Dr ae langene oe 8) oad we dena ty Di, | i - | MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS a Thooram 2.16, (ChomelySeitesbere) Boer conte apne oo tears te Jrm b= My) oe hs mgt, Dy Dyck eoucge, nd ie lar agua cacy ae egange epee by acon mative age ‘ah Seah et seul sp tht beet a ton lon! so ‘nord al man i ih tenes fay {iv°3,P) hes yp ganar td onder a detvation a wae fr ye), we oat WSta.6) = min S16,6) | 6 =>" a We yt be» bounded worapce if the conan ate th sea ye LC) ~ OO} weve Stare) ‘Mhaaeem 2.17. 6 ba owned works, then (6) £5 ‘Normal frau. Working ich gunned fr, ic ag hor 218 (Chey scala) Fi ry net fe ga ‘Theorem 2.19. (Grbac mma) Fr ery cnet free grammar Gs armor = (KF, 5,0) ube eer core, tt Heres fF fide form Avan, fr AEN ne Tia (UT, ac ht LE) = tay "0 Ene wantin L(G) = (0) in the te abe cn ‘Theorem 220, (The apr nal fon) Freer lh) of ptr ineers endfor eery eaters grammar Gan eee amar GETS Pho beeen costrace cotamig rer he fl Some (A = 28902, wth AB,0 © May ET, and Ia = bi = i=(0) Ae, wh AS x Tle lethLG). ‘Variant Chnky and Givibach nono ca be baie by pa ‘Theoeem 2.21. (Korda srl fn) Freer kngthneraing rom ree Gre grammer = (1, 5,P) cen be fetely entre, whe Mae Pode forms ABCA ae ABCD, fr ADC Dew eeT Inne ¢ completion rae Su, Wf ctsry such iat BG) © mae Galea A 4, Na le lle, ‘Theorem 2:22, (Gel soa frm) For ery ped arma =| (WASP) tress ones gromuar SISA BCT SP) wh) Ihe ris of he flu frm i (S48, $n, wih nn ee HA, B.CUTY | (A502 bin, ates mi ins FHC) Ton ten A ents ee ngage is teed embuans fach oner- {ewe gomnar generating Lago stern, 1 called nem ‘haoeam 2:23. Thr ar bees mignon by lngsge: hr sung ace sbi on foe es Descriptions complesity: A gic guage ca be eee by may, fen ial aes paar. I enteral ok e tea mpl Having de X of gama, dcriptona comply mane (nak ny mearere of sect compl) 2 supping B= XN ih it ‘Mendel to langage yee by KL) = maf RC) | Eee) Ndr wa se Fx, ih te nc Semi) = > Symie, whee Symes A MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS = yeu that KUL(G]} 2 0X sid tobe comnece stot i thal {or ew there Gi mth KUL) = Os rrve of ecipinlcmpley rms in ven case x) san of empty a drat pent can be natal om intel a a E.t H(G) computable fora wbieny gramme 0? te K() computa fra titer gamer G? Lie dcdbie wheter sent AUG) = K(L{C) fra airy? ( XC dedable wether o aot rat gina io fhe mp ray, wth opt pant forthe emente anguage?) 8, It decidable bathe o ot K(L(G) 5. Gen sn abitary gram, an we loth const aga rn mh th Rc = id) # ee nt om he Meas) : ” Tor the pias mewn Yar, Prod, Sok, robe Ql at yosive ‘Sila enn on emo gaa nig). pe, ‘hormasurcchesacea compet cao be amano impenei ‘finds eranma wich rsp th ot i one temear, en {Gegeanamn ore soni tm the pa of iw fhe ter menrre li eato-o be eter compsy an sg ‘We donot prt te te eet of malaga ters Sone snore sii tsins td eae wil be ede hea eon At [fowler foal lange ior we he render othe any Fostrpi in the enh 9), (0 6h 20)» emprtenane re oan [er oud ering ef o (29 fr APL they to 5) fr arma ten toa aed for Linden eso ooCHAPTER 3 CONTEXTS (ADJOINING) EVERYWHERE. Perganon Pron Bvcypde of Lampung sad Longmtes [a) Contat tere how ng rar ihe cotaniy wel na ind font bak ‘ve oxi) Th natal at ote plain gee thera thereto sf anew prin fra one ed aot a he eis ‘inane adh eae Spec ro te 186 award te hal hangs ‘ify ee toiontooninrntearai ‘tet nl dodoped tm remot ile enon i ers or ‘noe relied eran tone ote ross notion Contes wed cing bai ap a prodaron x wel in open ot) 7 Inca fr ainda gmat TuCinpe ne dace sme dtl ll [the fdas brevour dap. For sate, the rene beter conte he rms (Stn hee man (tc ts taking ito aban aot the ontext (as) of oecuence af the point of sew ean be presmnted. ‘This ide to the {ootwhat tage) ober ison ta tho Hea of ota epi oth ot of ew 9 nage she tn ce cmt ' tel) stata a asgnge tory Ayia example nen (ential ins gramar or setbing ee) i, nner op,By CONTEXTS (ADIOINING) EVERYWHERE se Thinning he tha hin of he ott tA {he cote or) ea bead to any wot nthe yaa ds one WW Avan hs canbe de opted Sony general tap sun ‘On the oe hand, (ton) parang ca be ewe asa ean of enti gtoe rm et hr wont he ar ep Ay Sporto, bats ering ote an delim Te uton [fo iad operation ae fdr nang hor sa ty ober {Ramee Sag wih inrmatin proving sx yan (male “lea (hers femal stay eimetisn an deletion operations ih arom ‘stain, rte, rn poppy oo mao mle er (6) 9) e) Tn cotter gato, the comet (0) whore there A ca be wed bie To ae si fe of ganmars i opted ‘emingwhreth ote cing hr ot he eh le Amst ost of cn notin and he rl wea ene s sng wo al sleet f Feapene aw tat fein onthe pnt tae wos apest] an wy sbenan of @ [ppete wr in thesmcondtonal gummar th sets and ca ona ig ind pm ths th et a edo we ‘where coc rl bss nt ssn regula language and it ea be wed eal fot ‘ting ne tags Dea an be fond (2 Hee we on ‘Race te ne (0 tee ee en te conta tne peel [Tatunded engi aso cover te whl caret sing ne (gay Spenkng the loge the canta he rear the pwr Ue coer hose the ts of the sets o(L2) of the context secepting # with rxpert er adjing x a anacmtalin te ajeinggrommar, ly siete ty TAG ited] (Sean verona), hfe ‘Siacner san ab found) Tha barbem ono ein yee pres ‘echo ant upto now in moeling heat of tar ngage ATAG ea quntpleG = (W751), hor 8,7 edge alphabet meni ath ip, rpc) 9 em, MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS n 1, Alcs in hve tht ail y Sth itera de abt by ‘econ, ah ftir abled by ern 1 Alle nA ne the taal oe bebo by earn be ‘ote ably tal xepting oe omer noe hi ht 5. Two diferent sod thea path othe ot ofan te ae abled 1 itn yl wih she sl xeptine of te ronnie woe The tow Indy an mated above “lt in lo nial ce, the oe in A at cll esr too Tote they eae camer es, iA YI JN 7N gue $4: An eanle of» TAG Figure 3.1 shows an example an BT: = (8.X), fabed}. $4), fund) Te bc pean inn TAG i (ening, which dean ein fuser toa eee Ppvdig that © or ote abel! wih hese ‘yabel ae the root o> "The anton fered a ows bie of with he deiganed nodal with bese ares a nt eae em (Th any oe 7 tached a whic identi wi te om (i) The ebtee 7 tase to the foe a of + wth he abel, wh led wih te ott. Figure 32 shows te ann pean: he et on mc ain, inubmscond in third gun Seed nthe example above (be Noe us for sing oie) Toth thew TUG) a ale indy aah (yet sary te steing fom nit en, he Ing8 ‘CONTEXTS (ADJOINING) EVERYWHERE i MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS » stings iene by th roi to TC) te iat wih 9 TAG Dewan by TAL te aly agg 14) a ei orm, we ein | creTaLces |} tae fiero for stan mie he ton ft ne aening rst Be Jet at pit sherds bn {a An a A fa APL ta the ii spe 4.2 iy henge, de al Te, ( et, we toe the ck that ining suiny tr ih te tat ed eager ema Ho) (ole | 930.06 (0 * | teen ew othe ere me hte os me WoC rete he zion) (Festa tig co) hr ng cae “ir ea he peo fen (0) sig nd te Moyne ae = e%4e 92) nae Wet cl moa Wc ie fiw has L(0) CF One tha had the ngage (04E | > 1) tothe pray btore FAG'randcnenon amor er ein hit ib totin te fy FAL ‘peo grunt inch, Team ctenting~ mae uly espn ing mS A J : ra ssccte etna A Zs AN ee Nee | | | i “iosustuigaeaccse Figure 3.2: Example of oiningy in» TAG ‘ “Th, the pce tre wih ation nat A ad antic with hat Vasa of TAGS (or name TAG wth cnr ale to geneate ing th tc > ett gramme sie tse ST outed ent) | (otto te, wing te exten mana Pen spa ot= w ‘CONTEXTS (ADJOWNING) EVERYWHERE “oe ion nd peter a ied “7 the snip of angnge (0) oie hts nto the modell pro cea Howee, ons sewer oo oa and we est Ee Seren te ent aan aston. A epee ‘aig on og elem of scion wh fie Metro Ha contract © (isda et ghee dda dy ate abet pottive ier. ei tome B SIAL LA) ecuilealy9a pal wong Tw te fea of eg tn Ese A the power et A) The oo) = (aae-oty [m2 Lae Aste Ay and fer ach 24S 6 fojjes sti), fd SJ Si—1 fh tat jay ens © We ca le dfn hie guage ae fellow, Foran astray alphabet so aay Inge ya we tthe langage ra) SoM prompts a step ny scoring ong nL) ah alle itngnge 2 7 sue mst (ip ee tye = men ayy eV" and ene € fae any a Vy then 2 L owe have HA O8Ay mee tee (role Bae ae). Noe a thei renga aati ia prey contnloe Int) 135i peed tra fg) € REG oe Ly © RECT © PON. ‘tae if hsp on se wah it stay ten Le) Ter ang Cathe poss on be cone yw ae iter of ctxt gamma, be Site hiority comerponls to a bounties nore seal, we av ee oe (lel cosets =e nage ne psc Seca 10). sents pnts ya nn so en le acinus atenar rosie wre vein eeu prc {erable comnts gern hy sin rt i 4M, (io draco stot el age precy rate rs Uh ong hc ang eh ee 4 see ni somes pela eo oes he ne soe [ths sor touad histiy) = he lgenmatedmquenc he meae ‘Ld, tae an he ewig” tring om 9 ord 2 ad | ‘taping f°", fra gi phe Vm conc she ence age ty = 2 and sags = flees 20) 0 Far stan, take = (1) and denote by fm) he rprelation an eth inoper Connie he mpeing f= (0 1)° =. eed He) = let (re om he uber of sero he igh in ring xe expe i ‘tn all eid uu) oe i ene stds) = ACI nCLO;AGOOHACAIENHEHAH EOL. (ee pate conan th tinge) an a added or crite. “The rns tered to 7] and [8] for propia and eens sh oes (cid slau seen) a [2] fr the ener se St eigemratedsauenn He me oly mewn the cnt ee teeing the qn, By ang 9 sting to The Pacha en af {he sig, sering to eats Of foe he and ag It of bounded lng, we hve tun that ate wag with 2 comtrcng ie lf reading squeacn sr the sae leno 9 tee wth ae grout om (1,3. We domo Seb how (ine ‘01 ie t,ba me dew ths wth ith ot nsodcto a ‘ietning tnd mal Inga Shar, whee an the en of ‘esl etarn to t pie (Secen 18.3 we pret ow cl th slg ‘ratio ale [6 oe ret non eis owe thatthe ecoatic peration af DNA ween une the ‘ndces fret ar a gs aes le ello a mye ‘eae aslnguenc ofthe for (9) of DNA ene ad te ‘nate steaded fei) DNA sue ath ita etn oe ingle SoS nh Mot an er ote aa Pee .ithataer hi procn or (a2) =( % ACE ©” CONTENTS (ADIOWING) EVERYWHERE recs — eraea 6. igus 1: The ton af rerio eye DNA segue scoring to ile (0) vith ee tone engadget Broce y th ed eg and they an be psd topetber ae), Spin ww DNA souenne The pr uc cnn fra y 8 ‘png Pl of tee (uo), The plieton of nc ei cael spy option. dead alow: sr = (ne) (427) ted wy me sing ee tbe od bp (ur “te the BNA ‘is ting the fur saree h, Cs Gy Tat the opt eam Be ‘ed fr airy alphas tes we wrt (ernaitr we hm = paren, ‘Te comet esti of the nine action can ale ese: (48) sa (conta the pac hte he DNA eat At 3 ool el wean ‘rn tr eer sth rng een be amr =, 0 fsvank wes then wee puny conten operation egal oe pv defn ‘our Say ween won with = (ven) (27), oe ge th ‘air eontent (Cm ersving the plc here the two sings ‘sah ing pn dnd “ “vale inking pron very aint ng {ethereal tatematie sad thw gramme, witht sang the Ios of arbi, but forwng on epee might be o mee fal hs sey ie exit cig he pon CHAPTER 4 BASIC CLASSES OF CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS 4.1, Definitions Ween node varia hme of conte aba onan ute sane te ter te Chaney rams starting whe mee comps eos ‘id paccalsig the dann order to bi he singer ave Oo 225 Ei the oppose stato starting serene re SESS an ited ogy, nessa th Sha of rm ‘hs os wd nth book ‘afinition 4.2. A conse! gamma wil WAC were ican ape, i ite langage oer Vi ite an of ‘he sings ofA ae cllod soma the elements (5) of © ae calle seats eth wean mapa Definition 42. Wit pect to a contenu stmma sch a he one shove die to lato on Vor syy ee wre paey i fra cane (40) 8) roman V5 (u0) 2 ple) Weaay that en xen it vation a, whtes —n stra ition Soest taal by my nthe een ad ‘hate cle ofthe rons me on act wo agg il 14(G)= (2 V" [es orang we), for a6 fern. »“ ASIC CLASSES OF CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS: We sy hat (6) he eterna language genet by Cand al) sd alge (hy a el i he a Seca an gar) . Than be tt Sienna aguas a ter xz hey scene yang te umber of contents fo rms, a the ed of (hele eg ter of the ster tangge a toasting nthe (eof tie intel angege, tapering nt son opin.‘ Sr Sache gun (nthe flowing (sper way en Coie emmar (ths = (Asp) the ngage Lal i {Gehan (th a of the nnn ln) langage LP ch a 2 ite Land (mt) gle, then wave era he guns Lg) th mma Inguge LV wth the proper Lace 2G © bye = evtary syenty € Vand (40) © pes) sho or the enema langge, we cae gv a eli iiion bof) =A agony ng [NB La ey ocd eo) ey tse meade ‘soa. Tn cxapes nd prc we al eth deitio ofthe ougugs ge ‘tatoo ce ger rsa abe pated In ode, or istanes, form conten gammar = (VAC gh v2 V" — 28, he ration (ra) € Ue be ied ata wowing le = — we. hf sous grams nih neal dete ean be ene to ej amar with acer amber eg nrg) odin "Tie upp he mar pretation os cotta gaia, tat WAP) ace Via alpha ite Ingtge over Vand a inte of Fale (S.C) th SCP") S2H, aed Ca feb of V= =U" T {SC) a led prodectinn See slr of wm a producing, a St aetna oC 9) ras ; | 4 | | 1 i | | / 1 MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS s el welt wre i aw sequen of prodactins, ven the tama the few = AIS tea Ca) "When psting pan he mod fom = (UA, P) we en ne the apg die! be} = U9) a) for sre poet (Screen are §) Fara ev Sve 91S) © Pm pat oye nme, having comet grammar = (PAC) ne fi sal recat, ie say to profice rurabat pani a tbe moda Pttation: Forster foe fa) EC me an conser he podtion rev" [imap esterh (tuoi “The wammae = (V4.8) obiaied thie wy i calle he coves smetalronentof Tn ser en me we «aa in the facto! pretation, (VALE-gh oe wil sc apping nl rsp each ta oe) # ‘lp aodetod ht (e) =H forall pees ‘apes nd pote sal we ie mt Covent pean of conta oat for the pate fee eve hoes the ‘dla rsa os helio maping deed a sow, ‘thou expe desing gun, The nedslr proton natural waged aati of cotta vanaas degendg on he typeof ete lo seco Meare fa fines” Wey tha pam = (U8) CaCl) oF Pieri at seen cha) 5) CLs sw fea ge aly Pel Inapunger Agena, pected ste ctl may, dt be ‘set tamil ota ain han Pt. Sch cts ‘he at ana ott tory af ones rama aad weal esate ‘hn ean he sent hate nou aera context grr, th aid cout depend on ae sting of the deve stag i we npn the cnn tha the ised Sst et ing et th lowing ge cn G2 Ace ere Vi a pan, i fie at of, i a ite saa of ‘The eet gang i UG) = (ee V" [was sre Al ies the seflxive nd sive dlr he ain ied by (00) £6 a (40) € ya— ey [BASIC CLASSES OF CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS eis ay to tht the ota content rama ty gnealaion of teak th metal an th seeders He, by pring the frm of (0 An extra cntsual grammar i cones game 6 = QiaCieh wid eens) Hor allnejee 6 sud at Hee a (i) An otra contents amma i talent grammar @ = (EAE) wih playa) = teh enet) Ot 8 aan aa € fur uth) simpleton f(t) comet ant to ienne the sto (the he ttl nesta grammes cece ih she internal ‘snes gras Deiniton 44. cine grammar @ = (V-A\Cyp) mid to be sihnt che ple) = for se a the ele pretation we ieee Stacie cn) she fate (ee) At elo we deta aie ee fr ny (ue) aoses, fo any (0) €€. ive bas ani of igang a bn g LO> Bett tng ried yt tt ame th "BEC the amy of langage gered by coeur T= he andy flange generat y comet ramones TBO tai flnguge extagen by oneal eats vrthon en TC the yo lngvgsnternly genet by cnet] games withon oe cats be wih th porn vars staned By ecg he ‘Spe feces weg sve. The fry fhaguage erated the ‘Sean aterm) oe by tna ah Fete wk Fog en ‘hyo langugs Srey BCCUP) CCU, pectin). we ca limp th natural re "7 Th comerpndig fee ee MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS = scott te ane nsec lows fer = (VAC) wth Pitre Vo ver 2 we ony at © bs cst, wih being en Sanyo language frac fs) the et Sony = (estate (00) € Menta fein F (bene sol, wig) (Be we fhe marker i inpa Su For exagl(a) p.m > Oo do nk dng ‘Sh smpos a he ii the dai fp th tla ela Imgung Seay = VL mpm 30) 2 Honest “oon the dependence of (8) on (24,8) i avon) ‘Tendon, EO = BCCLARB) ICC = 1CCUARE).TC = TC(ARR) len wv ssl conser Fm ang one of FIN, RBG, CF, CS) RE, wih tp on FIND. Weel now start ch andy ofthe bai fai, the who ras sion nthe ype of sectors (inner the femal ptation mae ‘Spee so weal niyo). 42. Bramples “The flowing ext av nto tue to sbmrte the previo dt ‘Atom he the ma of working andthe ower the wow pe a ea pana a be a he ah ne eal yi aga sgt ty al oft sual guages tke C= (VLA) meh ae) = Lol enmple 42. fore spat Vd taguage 7° boas 6 eet ‘uo a ema langngss Yo = (43) fa) = V) we ate Lai) = Tala V Meme take 6 =(V,V48) «Vth Lal) = Lal) V4 WE OTe ies Ore abn Lela) baa" Baal 4 Coe gm = (8, 0, Osew ah) = 00 | 2), stern La) = Din, the Dye gust ve the alphabet 2,8). Ths ICAP eget cn ped by Indio he gt te tengo Shing of ol bn ng in Digg we tin a tring te ‘fangs conn, aings mney tg © Den can wre» BASIC CLASSES OF CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS ‘ein the fr w= woh with wy € [teh that wos Diy ‘here rage Dag) that han am of Tove tha Ln ot maar at Ln) ot in. Beample 44, For G = ({oshel (M{(08.0, (over) | fodeal = {atm obtain Lf) = (26 0.8. Ie = k= ob. “The inion ¢ oo och connie the nb aye ce tenes yom) i cn caso cnt poe by nto oe eth ngs (ache = fash hf a= canting 3 fee (rhc 9 and nn Seatac aft the eo tothe iit ESSE monn ought (097) = (se: eon tie yar yyw crapods to sone of Gwe sian aay stoner ang wih ity Nat te proves nang hot cst (esto lle vue Bek tnpeege) ‘Beample 4.8, The gamma = (s)(.2) (Ae) (As) mth maging» deed wr={ te} Gin he neon sh ring 4 3am be polongd with nes ann a) € pl) for sme bord af) Example 46, Take analy Inguge LC ¥" and w amid e€V, osetia 6. =W UA) Ae eV ULAHe) f= { (oa) 280) forever vere (ASE Muon, Ofer We oan Lal Ge) = VU LL ‘ese thalf at mcs then he nate mapping emt cmp table Moreover 2 F foro Fly of aguas which wd onder the iht dra, Lali) @ to: me ve {Lal be 47. Take = (a8) 6) (09). 04), 0 (bh eiarset e+ [MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS » belG)= at (eO[ n= 2887 Ines ie s coutucampl oF’ at re = (belated, (22), (2. 911684160 8 Hetene) = (ee), mm tal) (ror a" |e 2 20) Utheateantb [a> ‘Bxample 42 Les sow conser monn ample rma permed theta ode. Tor 6 = Ueda} (leh (0,000, Heh (0), (ol. 9 length) ae" | 922) © aca pe) # onl fr tester of stig ern tobe pat wana C= (and) aP) we test Psi of he fatowing prot: nena eae ate bh yd Lt amine the worden at = L(G} abe To produce ating shed pratima oly ner be me (thee al oe “scurear fbn fa pesctone 7 beste ater ft ‘kot be wed fe wang y(t ei cn to) dy cannot be ‘eet wing sy Tree se by gn i 3 he ry then eta Alor ng' eget the sig abn 2. Predation cn Sit iy fr ang do dan ei ver changed the Ife Stones af ¢ seman these Chiao the deton See | ‘tgs te ner of ng and atone moan th ener ng, Seman wou tha a pti he ne pote ah ng From no on oul pstion nee be wed (sere we ota a hh Snot 2Sot “ BASIC CLASSES OF CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS By indaction on noe pve hai he ng bid fom ale isin tt) ten aul wo aed" wc ends te prea of he raat =a her Qh, (ot (90d). rar? (0.0), (arte [m2 1 (Ee Lal) = (he 420} Ofer faz m2 0) © (etre 21 Although ll trios of a nat agua, the language eet by @ inte ence nde bt conte fe dh feted abe a.) be (Ch) ety have L(G) = a0 [mm dati he aang ii aed epee, Note tha he leas rar eple ange We la the cin wih th foming seating expe Ga lode 4 (G4 20) fd | > 0,0 (8 oe =f tee Pre, te Teh) "This exactly the nngage geese by the TAG in Fite 3.1, The sat atone at be proved by ation ane preterm de “The rns ght tompay the amas (trp oe) wih he ‘EAG tn Figure 2, ytd hs gen the cont ah, ut (betel by ch naan S so Xtaig the rons fe ‘Srevae nha deed nae peng the ee (nathan wear Brfat depend ont nS aed Xb at th pace hoe bob neh “feed rc) sty the ts of morn fete ans 1 | | MARCUS CONTEXTUAL Dibliogrephial Noter, femal cintertual grammar, wih wh without ‘er, ince 208 (oe eer osetatonappens 1, with ‘eerste Iagege der ae lon’ = (VA, Ci) a above ten {chine mst gong. V" wheat A on has the popes {i fe oi eo oe) as 6 ae tg wea BE Hey he mn ac nd in ity i en cole! aman wasted in [17 Toe ttl ental grammars Se coset (160, liming he easton (9), [8,154 35) ‘Tse gars coner mene anmars nb “onet at ape Gin whch ar je loping ntl subateng tte eed ig {Ghapues 8 rhs bok deed ts choe grammer) The motu ree {ato 2 comet a 1 Cnn i ected tin are ok comlrdia: CHAPTER 5 GENERATIVE CAPACITY “Th ul et bed er etingthegperatine apc af any mw ited ta das of gerade Ue Corey err. “Th ee we sl ‘pate he om of onto aging torch ot ad eth ee ‘Ste Coma erry. "The samp the pein ape il be ef ‘thm tn oder to nd countcsapen ne ako wed coos ft age be in a ge fama, We stat by neigh tl 5.1, Necessary Conditions ‘tTangige tobe of eta type inthe above caeieatioe of IMnguagar We sry toring me tc pope ‘Wesay tht lngege £& YBa the tere ended tp (EBS) po erty ire canton pick a or enh Le, hee 9 © ‘hat ss ag and fa 1h hinge EV wt feral hnndd ep (BS) property hte eset poh tht fr soc x Lye] > pete eb aah ak Ssitmees sions an = fol | ‘fangs ha he ood eg serene (BL) property i hene ie cota pouch tht or ach ve Ly > pribee aye mah wont ‘ni ifs langge Aa ihr one of ee EBS and the IBS property, ‘ha eso he te BU propery, bt the rome et tre: the aang (evr n 2 Ih ha the BLi property the cnt! penal 08) ‘ttn canter an be red ig of ht the lng ig ‘Convention: The sty sone, (2), ean incon grains cf the types consid pt no, te gore Tn wha ello ma Sn ata cots te event ow (3,Lemme 5.1 A lepnge the BCC ff nd ely hes the BBS Pro Ra conta anima = (¥,A,C, 9) ht we dena fell € A), ra = mastl Ice) €C) So L(G) ba the EBS popes for p= mappa, (F< Lf) 1 P Won gk Hone #2 ae rao (ae) © eh © Lae) ‘Coed cones anguage LS Vm the HBS propre fora cone saa Weta the game G2 (Zh Ci) ih jee Lest) (ove) arn € V0 00 Ph ele) = (usec jarve t}, re L(G) ety flow th tin of A.Cp. ie 18s ‘The suai mm 6.2. A langeae he fal fad nlf Prof. Hanly a above, Forint, 1S V* hs the IBS property or conta thn we conte! the grant = (V4, Ce) with feetiblen) Mela eV0 bole) ins) [aimee € 1), nian ware Th salty L(G) = Lobo, nce LETC. ° Corllary 5: () Acne! pepe an the BL! property. (GHMTatgags he 1 fom ae he TBS property beth inane (tbe Bt pope). a gece {te Ens rover, miei [n> 1270 (te lS proper) [emome|s 2 eC (the INS property) Note tat both La and have the BLL pope thie property oat sgunge ten Th fe tat by BC cae repre i cnet gras cnt cont to fe ore “a | nH] 7 ib aguage ae the TBS propery Keep tyke ttl costal games aeons t fou (Benue 1 Safin fenton Ingo te adel In TC, wo cntestal (Foon on “can toe) MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS 6 We any tht engage LV, sad) 22, ba the mi property lie cota pou tha hee ue ae Veag and spe wh Ine pile thon rsa a 2 tae sy wih ele mosh = "igus LV" ih dV) 7 Bae the Ae rope thre et entaatp uth ttf tho are Vs eb atd nye Lmih el > igs. ton foreach wh Lich an be mena Fiap Tae taey Soy sasha 2 C2 mcg wih biary mater cannes of ce aya slowly oxen ef bean be on Gey the Ss property pin the ma pope mn 5.3. Buck lnpeage he EC family ar emis property: ech Inepnge the If hs te Me reper Prof Fae a cotati! sama witht cir pe maxi |we A). Chay i te eee © Lal. fein atc ha ee > Bb > 2 fh the eth ene (0) (7) Ce ha al, > Oy > Opa, (st) (ose) Tow vont canbe ted abe nc ‘together so we tan pode stags catiing a birry mame of ‘Senet aa et tthe ira mde at content ee ed brary lcm an abrary mame trend rene fa a te be pod a baatust epcurc Deed ic Bl leries ner Note tha te lnguges hie the EBS an the IBS propericn_ (From 1 1 wend that the itera cots grmary hoe chee “a ‘us to tas Ep 13 me know at treme rar (thon hr“ hee hw wih to = an ome to ws") cardi) 3 2h the ord property hr 8 inst psc ht ithe esha Vs a'¢ band nye L with fle > pla > ptm thre ae an vst sgss eV" (The ae ating which te symbol 6 appt in ethers) Phe et rat bow Lema 5. sk lngaye ne 1 family ashe od property. Ta ht he ge aad (OP 1) tin ‘As we hate sn in raps 46 for ah guage £ CV", eV, she npg 20" U Efe) tan BCC Te ps that ngage ECU {sed oon Ftc) donot have pumping preperti e| a2 th“6 GexeRaTive caracrry so aang oc € Lenn be pam, weve tp of wl pumping Comidrd) Home, we have oman $5, © U'sL ICC, the thee are te cosets pg sch ht ory # Ly > ane Be writen i th form = elaine Deb ual Sqr and wary el forall 30 12 tol) on ho > phe Ao hee 9 La eh hat yo Silny = arves 2 seve. The ms thal (0) € $9) ay Bevaton bem ytzyay i eae en FO mca ih spec fo. Al the ngs ae yf) 2 Consequences L= fH! [n> 1} #106, (his ean be eat intern cotta somiare— with itary olan sot tote hh hows hat ths amas ae no Stet cout oon ord of ering specie nonontet ie contrition ‘ara a til gangs) teh pn py Leama 3 lh IS prope hens the Bid papery ol, bth cone oe oe: de fee Pee (ear | senim np = E51) hae the TS propery, bt ting prof ecb of aie at be pumped omm 88, IF V" 1.6 BC, on tee are 40 thet seeps tls > pseu te wien the frm 2 > th Wheelin made L forall 0 Pron. Exasiy abo, withthe pec extra content as (without tes. . "The eee of» pmgng propery ili the allowing property (we hase tented on Char aa cnmqoree othe eminent) A language £ V" Ba the 14 poets ithe eng 0 cota late utetl yrogesin Colley 5:2. ask lenuag in [CCUBC asthe IAP poet. Cay te LAP preety pli he BL propery, but he conser ak try Far tstance, ose the nage b= ter ine (rt, [MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS © wwe Fak +1) = (ae | cmc Fw oa > Bec ah he Lh ht 60.2 8 oe sat bth bounded length inept oe ad the ot Tense) dorset conta nts metal pogremen ade une Ueonirty ad tabs «protein (pbs [12 0) 5 Urey TP, ose pEOasi Te et wc that Pita oi a eae thre ae term ofthe om +n TR). This ipie {Gar s ncn, Hence, pan een, Sy ee kc tat E+ ile mee an pg th pri, Be “The lowing prope of taal ott angange wih choice Mint) = (2 | P54Ma)9L=H) Ming) = Mi) Ming — Mn a(2) 42 oun 7 LEV" BCC, ten alee Min) 40 ee te Prof tt concer the te (A.C) bea contrac at = La K(O) = (apne, [OSS Sw Aone) eK) Gee vlerr ape md 2S FSS), for > 0 (len 0 we bv KG) = A) ‘i thee sar te (4 and ae ane). tion owe sal prove that Min{L) 2 KG),¢20, whieh lo pita Ain) ite Tort =Dlbenlions cv Lt aman tists be oe fora 25 sei the ese Min acl) © Kyl) "fe =€ Any (La) fs il, ten we hav KC) ty the ince ipptiny aad, brmee RUG) © jG). we ees High Seppe tint = @ Ming L(G). Mente 2 2 Min Le(@) = Mite) flows a 6 yel)~ Ml L(G) ad thee fn Iaining sn a) MnCl) Lt we pre that # £8 ‘Tm hee gis j auth tnt Says agro mn rte Alun) © dlehue)e erat men-tayhr=ity kro ano! be wt Ce lg ethan J tnt Ail he sing of the form wren tid ss hala (0) Tae ae 41> fezouch sea= « orvenaive carscrry day tw of thy te operable hema of he satin ain, Sie TASB UD aac een ar js eet ote ln a) eh uh L2 ett contatr nosed (yu © Min( 2) B12), {Och mune oy ea pope noting of he ter) Tha i ba a eet ec nting ef te gps whch ane fe Minx). Trl here ting af Ee ()~ Min (Ln) chimp ta st igi Mn ar) =i a), corde, Coegeny ng to ef), whi compete the ncton exomen 2 Consequence rhrke @ ECC (ne have Min) = ta), (oe feet) € CC we hve Mil} =D (Theetre, the exert ones gram with abit doe aml ‘Sune ee" vey angrge ver eet as the property i Ler 7 ena ees gan fo te aot the fay ECC falls Uitte an sti fr nguge to bein ECC. ‘ve shall ww prea» arn wnton of » pe iene he “alongs LV" emi tobe slender fn inte [ba eatin sje te ly 2 0k language sender i er fr ote 8 long whith slender eed thn exami 5A. 1/1 1C ion nine aguas alg) 2 2, hee List send Prof. Let C ant) 52 DIC Cat x a Gr some eV then we take (a0) €C, wth candied Api) fo. Al ea so = (oeFMalonl™™, OS msn | WAC) be a gama such that Lf) © L and ei Ls fal = J+ lel ad am # fags FOS mp S mm FP ‘Trtre i ot dene yi tee xe ns Nhe ee Fh a ‘wwopintw, osm [j wor fer} 2' for some w € A: Api la = fol + lla # ng fall and (tts. {eel trae nee nb than roa 8 foetal mamber) MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS 2) tae an) 0 th sn 028 thn We hve nal rig (eb Paonia) Hea Lb me {aj ttnone of peso cams hls eh one containing eaten a oe sb ‘einai 1 Wen hte proper th set ii Caer In-room # am A cam = wlony™a—M(nay—MOOM, OS mS HRE I, (hat see Conmuuannte by = AUN" £16, by mat £10 Note ha alter fino contest! nagange contin dead (ve ‘tiny ‘Teuag fornia, Ly boa BC and FOC lr = (Coby ete) {8} be fa = Ll "We ae hr metion wth couteeapewhih canoe be rtd by the provon etsy ens ngage bate fay 12 Lemme 0. The onguege = (2 mi |e €(0b}*) a 8 fy el (e mie) | © (aA}*) 4 at nfo Prof Asan tat {= I(r content panne = (0.8), 6g) Bena Leni, ae a0) pa) or ome «© Sa) mth Fee tate ch ote, (0) ‘Ase ht team o> Oe ym, Conder the ag ene ee ea i ACabcPut mia) we have” € L(G). Hones! lien y= wasadP iy) = 8 ma) eee wrod iat fo EP (oe have > fo +2 comet. Tee = tenet m sou tt oe > 0 he oe fo > aye. We roid th ting = mee oe k > and we bln we, “nteane € al) Mower, a @ Le mabe, wept w ‘ana Te page Eat be gure by ier ‘he oder nay eek tha hs Ingge Da both tbe TBS and the miz ope sell the pnpng pope Lessin 3. Hence the prev ‘Srey conto gent tough ere Yo poe tht Jf ICC. oa a nm Sa fm 9 lls il il5.2, Hierarchies In his ection we ay the elton nen the gh anlis fem textual Tonginge, ne fe ext men we earn th place the ‘Ghosy rary 'We fret vole oat aad we bet heh Min ncompite Sig here ‘The fllonng eset bow commences fhe dito mma $10, 1C ¢ 166, ¢ {06, BC & BCC: S BOO, TC. TC, 106s e Te, BOC. ETC, KOE TC, BCCETC Pro. Testis oft einen lh sng th xg ip Seton 4 ad the nc ronan in Section 1 Fr stance 0° 8 Seotie CUBE them) tat dey tiem FCC. ECC Merve {heampge aaa in BCC” Cm 3.) and he langage (0° wr 1) min FO (hemo) bat at tes angage re TC: thi Isr te fat tngoge (nf, one ram ha die prove byt flowing grim fo th second ngage: = Ute aye, Uate ese = abo. 2 "We be sisted eat fundamen AEN fore WCE BCC TC), wlch canbe yroted allow tram ibe Tage oor (or ty ce pot) Inve XG RE On Se ‘er adie Esa we sta fem» ange wich nti RB, {him 21} ea ously ema sar woth lds toe ‘mca gerd engages forty LU" aad dV comrct t Gx = Ufo eh (0, oles = ((40)] 87), Hen =lldd) eb sev}U Gaon ane) = te)" U teen dend tats [m2 124.8) Eby neVsisn) (fron ce me eam geet stings nfo} tr ing te cote {hemes ye)te Ve ao lng wpb) TL dso. Vong oo Fo angangs which lana under it sd edness Chomany Berry, noding i ay ‘Freee lang, be the eae rope, then Ln(Gt) Pe oC) 5 MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS 8 nnn 8.12, Each fomly 1,100 ICC icmp wh say 80, BCC,, ECC Prnf ‘The langage bho inn 16 (8 ie gonad by = arta) (dell bet etm BCC (ain 3.1), when fe ule} -€ iat ge C= Gat in be 5.8, Relationships with Families in the Chomsky Hierarchy om th defini nl om the fit hal fi of eet gage snare with only one wontrminal (hati, LE, = (Lee LIN |Varuin(L) = oy ‘Pro. Fora see ra witht cite {5}, 5,48 08s) EC} Th sly Ll) = YE) bre sexual omnia = (FA) = (AC) econ wwe aD. 5}, 5,2) we comet teen (wevris-wer), Sausr€ ain, we cay Bae L1G} = fal . he loin al aber sarong, sowing eat resin (ne ae cf ean grams) can beast yay ene emma 5.18, REGC ICC, Pra Let bbe nega guage aed et A = (KG¥an Bi) be ee nino detent ft uematon recog each we Vo we dette ngage Hb polgheg Mf Sasd=es 2K bio ny & Ve ach tat pr, eve Lak only aay ini 2 cewenative caracrry ‘Tin cpg oe Hee he map GT VAC nh A= (we Llu cmon Ih (0) 11 sl Sm), se={ {oes amt rom he defo ping and he dons of 4,9 le mal that (GE “Kanu hath nee ison fn Me an at € = L(G) Be sing of mini eg with the pops. Tha € A. Hence [el > LP? wih ee ng and # OU HC oan, them ha Pe pecs namay 3.0 ‘Tere ln ila page or Trlr thts eis pda me that 8h ted a ae Wh oon gray ay ts tat fa fa By ining ey ne obtain wseing wb ea Las J ed wa milage we btn 2 © L(G. Hone Fes fa ls ms wy = may, Sen gl C nd (Wo) € 9) ‘Thsimpi at ayesha re Ly) metaetn: incon, US EatG) “Theta of henson obvious te 1 canta on contre Inaggns nr xu. Go ote tha inthe previo proof ony cnteate ofthe fn (2) ae ene ryan tt ie apn pb ome as only or ate mabe at ‘eng Theor, bs ft poe the allowng song a ‘Cotllay 83. REC C ICCLEIN) Lema 518, CF ETC: Prof Aaa comegunc of paping mss, Thorn 29) ey conten gunn he BS rer erage ana 8 ey ‘Sulctee Ingen htt in PES Beane the nombenhp ton ‘heer comets lngug the ping dete ae the prot of itm 8 compute Hey ents gone eT. The ‘mark 5 A angie ert by TAG ashe BS propery weobialn PAL 2 7C. Tinea rope, becuse he agua (ae | wee 7 toe woe in PAL. Became TALC C3, a fo totes ee Tanna 8.17. 1668 Prof. Satin om x cntenta grammar (i » ernest ak se cnt vince gma Fk tha i) = (0), he MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS = emma 5.28, RBG i icompaable wih ech of the fres 1C 1G, BO BC: LIN on CF ne frmprale th ech ofthe Jones 1160, 1CC. BCC. BCC; C8 scope with eck f the Jes res 166, BOC, BCC, Te TC RE se namparte mth ach fe fo Innes 160, BCC, a TC Prof, We ave se tat REG — ECC 4 @ (abe x Inguage ic proven) ata LIN = 106° be agua Lema 9 ‘omplts ear aguagenat 70). On the ott hat, EC coin eee teelaroegnge (ot | > 1} an ccnp ad £0 ena ort [Ee Ingo nung 44) Sarg the comet a Exar 6 ffm urement agen we get eet teil °C, ewes intra cote pom oe thes pt fhe fof of Lenn 8.11. In thr sae wu we fd at CC and BCC contain Excege mich aren ely enter . RE, re bY uw pos. wm Fr Relat been an fof al nan a betwee Sem ed Sieh te dy uray Syataising the previous lemma we gt he lloring al.‘OnWERATIVE caracrrY ‘Thorens 6. The tins nthe dar in Piper. Al, where an rv rom st FJ oom Fs omy ets eet coon Fy Sel cry tow not fm are compre We point oat Chapter 2 at ee cetacean repel Iagvee cet tn oneter spe sine Th oe guages bebe ‘Spc way in ont es fai of comet Inga osnin hav own tat BCC, conte ser ngage et V 2 fo) (Example) Bente ery elcome lngie as te RS propre lis that cach auh ngage in th fly BC, One [eyUle™ [m2 ML = Lon(G) (= LG) for same @ = (A.C), then sean fah in > 0c for pag sng (re a 8 eS adding ch mest se aaa if nd ony fi nthe omg 100 ro. Becawe REG ¢ ICC, option ew Coney ene conte rama ped ath tnd wa oa (ley USC Gn Caran c alee Me" wtbe sar tetaung in Sie 12m then the coment con bape to exh tng {Pith me There, och 9 canto al ste et from eee we con meh wth = ((a} ACP) C0 *)-C0) forwhieh weave Lat) hn) pe=male 264) pomaxip Osi sah fo manuel |) ECL SF Mat G0" mh N= GaG)0U0" [pen Sree) ‘We contrat the eh ner gram" = (5X10) S 7), with at coming he following rls Sar 2eMUN, so tend e pean | MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS ss sn 16" al) he tn sion me sr steal il ISDE ASST TE ES hema pet Wm Rar eatin” arty ine abe fet ae ee oh ata enue aS Tet MoD ath ci al ete aeac ee me Smetana Rade SP Nesta” Ake tariniamatds cues nS {ester entecel femintcn be Ouse [a how cnet ‘con cotta rare [A summary the el peat in [te ann btn 0 he ncleon REG TCC” ved nf), fri ron hee es 1). bn ta From Al Se mera th sco, ning the yi grr in Flaw Si tv abo be fund in [lb wt he ate FocCHAPTER 6 LANGUAGE THEORETIC PROPERTIES Clone propetin and debility proper ae ang the Ine das of ‘ato eign fn angsty fr ey of geet ‘chanans Weal hn “ngage hore sch guation eso ‘Torti ater er nea, ees om Caples 2th ef ope ‘ies ih language [and of carcapecting ure prope) hen Ung 2 prov ht ve Inguns (Eng for saps) vr ot bone tn ‘mu Sry dnt protec ae ce in the vr tin a ntl ear a he grata langage checking weber ‘Vlahos fh en me) blng o ‘ens out sing the mesberip poe ih tet tthe |. Closure Properties Wi ale hag ll cet ropes ofthe tie of contextual languages ‘ec Cag ie an ihe ‘Seba npr sew of th fat hatte cotta mae deo ‘oneal sen deta) “The care pope offs X, ae the sme oe that of oie XK UCEGEC TC), nee all deme oly he fan 028 Ie, Boe, re “esl poet ei fea nas ih wil be yaad in sede ee Lama 6-1. Nowe of he amin BC 16, Ci lend wader win Poof ‘Th nngnge a an at th 1 ain EC, bt ts en ie not Lenin 3) Hence deer arent clad une. For CCLANGUAGE THEORETIC PROPEIETIES sre cone the guns Ly =a = (8 >) hay oe th ‘hoya tan FE bat hth mie ota cane (oo) A) Ny eed rch Soni with) > 0. 0, nr to eer ng ‘ada arbay ngs be we te doe a wih ate eur n ‘nth wn we pone praising eB ye a ‘om the oe and ii ey fae ha fo language have the EBS proper th the un ss beth pope seeding to Leta evict fy BCC unde ise 5 Gory 4. The Jamie BC; IC, ICC er ot lsd under abit Prof Clare ander attain npn the ore under aon (ae te ngage bn = a) he stan a) a8) = Ea, ea trule=alol) s esamn 6:2 Now ofthe famer BC; 10, BCC, 100 i ld ender ‘Pref From Lema $3 ow that a8 1C and fon Lema 8.1 we hon tt ait mtn EC Tent hve ee ot wed er ousnaten (67a 1, ab ad a) ae EC) Pisin > ah | w 2H) ae in IC, bu ir in to gua sige fh frm ao with ‘hay ge pe ed cnt En 8) whe > 1 a iat Whe ated) or vome E> acs eon an be ted den sinha te oneal th ingen), pcg 8 Songs a, hich ot Bi o ‘Corallngy 62. The BCC fy wt cloned ander satiation Prof for ty = (ob) and sa) = Laat) = La, we be ae) sty Hence lous we atin void imply dare ante one mmm 6.3. Now of the fer BC; 10, BOG, 100 ve ved der £6, bat LF ¢ BCC: {er ine bie Mint) nie (Lone 5.1) “Coidr ow the cnt grammar witout sce G= (oh, [2 ey am yh DP Inne tc) ion (0) nr to geen staf the ferme haba ge me med a eaten (9) 42 1. With hy (ean ge om alas g(t tothe, wih te ot i El) [bec cote st no eecarces owe have to wet he NE (eke coetenaon atm stings f(y bch ae pe. ence Th taagge ie atin 1 MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GnasMans okt stp ume coke 2 i ty (cveys 2 1 such tha os) € plat for ome 30 (orl eh (Sites to geet wings a sf ery gt, Ugh cemes e {Si ve avbo™tom ta ith oe nah (ll ch sage eC) ‘Ping "60a wt ae te a ein 64. he Jamie BC, BOC are ltd ander fe sultiaton (and hea der morphs). Prof Chay V" ha be EBS property lth pet acon 2p) aad a1" 2°" afte betaine 90) aa ts be ES Property (oth raps othe ems =p italwe V)) Aecring {ote 3, od} © ECC. ‘Comutr nom vont ganar G = (V,4,C)wisoat coe an © Ante nbn #00" 2 We const de grammar © = (act Me) ere HC) = UP) CE Wad Elo} 69) €C) Wetee tthe rake he cyt of rring tt La(@) = ea) emma 6.8. The frie IC and ICC ae not else ander margtisns Pref Tenge 1 = ah ety i IC. fae chi 07 Ter iyMe) » wh) =, ain y= Fallpung wae nly Pleo when eng ‘Raoo tal be he rote ig 68, s he fa es oe Seccat wit fj 3.0 Boome oe waste ois, a Se (Pils 2 td enc ce aw a {tee etched er moe 6= ao falar), (0A). 2), 98) = (A) eae oe tha af) = oe |r 21 Cmte ke the mori A shel” — (6? ei by Me) = SETS nea en GG Goal tech ne) l= bee | 21, ae ih wh en ins ptf em tr ns CCollary 2, The fm 1C ad 1 ae wt ud ender le ob a sek 0| 0 LANGUAGE THEORETIC PROPERTIES emma 6.8. The 7 fom ded der ubsttion. Prof Take VL @TC, and: V7 — 2" anbitetion seh that aah CFC track a € VAs Y= (aja) AGordng to Lenn 5 oth a Inga oa). 1 1 © he BS prep Let ps pe-maa(n 1S Sa) “Tengu (2) ha eS property, wih rapt othe constant. nde, ‘Sleurng€ 2) al». Camis ye ech thats ea). tra bol Syne ny whch titted ny eng ach > py Seti tans rz coh tf = ts Xa) tiene abs eins) and lr pal apo fy a pled In by ing ea py ten > 3, Tellme that y= meats fie ues pe¥ = nts © L Le aw be he ebsing of = ning een. flow that 40) aE eH ual main tsa) Sy -mcin [EST So =p Te OS oye seine "Tose aceding to Lenn, the hagnage oC) in PC. Corllary 6-4 The fn TC coed nde nos coats se Spa eatin nd morgen Prof The lagna fs (08) bs or theron + dein’ by ofa) = Lath) = LZ wre 1 ae wbteany Tonguges in PC ere ls) = LUD ala) = Bia) 2 Hen, Fly iar ron, omaenan, aod ie + ‘Come der fae eaten sa rhe aimee comme cnc of mre under wry anaeane (PIN © 70). 3 ema 7 owe of fom BCH C,H, TE mate uf Beco V" ain eck fmiy 16, BC, ECC, but tee ae regular Asortion, Bry langveye LU" caw write o = ML'OV*TeD, where CBCC wad hvu muh rae he pba “Th fan 7C i ed nie ebay opine Hens cme fhe tamer feet ea pegs mp tt ery ange Selene TC whch raat ae incre Yee of th CC fay ol (1 nen RE i MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRADIMARS 8 preven gue dos wa in his cam, come he laguge SUG) ample ct Corie the replat onuage 2a Ing which i ot i 10 Latghetc, ‘Gotllasy 6:3. Te fii ‘Cnet shee valor tomplemet Pl hee ui itn lea aguas Moreover, TC ved se nin rom he de Maras is meget the ow-doa of TC st ‘omplonent 3 Tein 6.8, Hoe of he fain BC; 16, Co coe ade interse Prof Th nga La = {8 {s}La = fo), ae iC, ba tat ie ht BC, bin Ml) ae we [a2 (ty ten 58), nie he a a ud TC ee nt led de itr (ee (aed lee (ee (hed lek “They ae bah he fri 1: we a he ene (4), 10 the “rani in Bxample we get ganar mech that Ln) = However, the Inguage £17 Lei tin ICC: no conte an be removed from mvoraren by ly Mee fy so nt have the BS propery, NaC int ot a TE (Lana 3} 3 enum 6.9, one ofthe fees EC 1G, BOC, ICC i close ender compen: Prof. For BCC the smeton floss ht tnt ui, oto To the gone = Ue) fob (ah (0) 8,(6 89) un herfr: he ene of thie lnguage ea” UE, a angunge mich i mECUIC (Lenn. oe the fy TCC, tw coder the ngs Wei cery ia FCC. Annet (8) — = L(G) oa mar LAV Bran 3h a(t a cnet (0) Sik cy Sieh that tv) © pat) forsome tO. So we a dee (6) = Lal) = 408)® LANGUAGE THBORETIC PROPERTIES ghee (a8) obaning P7960, which an amet Sehanoee ao) 2 1610, BOE, IOC, TC doe ander amin 10 Non of fei Prof Comer the gangs =e} he.b* © EC andthe mori 1 ohare tee) dand by Ma} abe MO) abate) = Wie tae 2G) ella) se neon 2 te oviw, bre Wadlanesr(ale} © L Coney sty © ANZ) shat Ha © hen Petit ott ebtings wale) ml oman sigs ‘se iy cutie ane serene the spel the et be th ‘Sm Eating inh oo engi ig = en Hy) i ‘feng nso ant in Congo dose nde end wih ‘Ge'ybol Chany, puma beg nite and soy Scene (hel) A Natit wi Ray Bee 6 = aphid, cad) (ea) lsd) = (Gent). 52 gf) = rae as ead ead | ‘ake alo he mrp boyd)” — (ahd fina by 0) MG) -h le) Aah da Te tens Me dont ttn he bond de, ht Keay bn) tae aly fog = aco ce Pe tive wing g(t) Tieton (Ln () = (aa | ‘eb 1} langage wc ot n (dos wt ave the BS rep) “Tce ay 1 omni, Cor the gama = (ape), 4a} {doe wal a the monies fasted fared) edb hi) > a) Se) ee A) = bed aie th igs =| ck tht a} tothe tay dg sa a owt HC) {Nah wih he’ stata wath eA tht we hve fe) = (0 fersone #2 Oran tm the tsa! pce of Bi) a thi fons Th ‘ig conot srt with ore (Uc spl ut ave 3 corponding ‘cnet othe fe Suet a cab ar not Psble inchey Is wtih; then apn or at a asmaliy ft above. Coneuen » na a ‘Peale soe the cue he the sig Me arte with an eee od) Nien wth Ue nage a Lat cr seme tat we hej MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS “ siings fon Hence Ae) = (ohana Take the st ith thi Prone he sing con bog nly wh 8 and afer we ace ase ENTea's we camo bie gun (he cuted the ina) 2 3 fo ot hae a eaponding srtence of «to te KA si). Comoe, HL eyo oly poe a have w= (HO. te tS, Ro ng() = (Fb! {yt 0) Theanine nt TC ‘ty cms tatroong tn embl c bewed to ofthe spl ¢ ‘lathe ecurte f and me rode apr ng . ‘Leman €:13. Al fice crue alot are ld anbr th wis Prof. Obvow mrt, tsed on the micring of the demens of Tema 2, Noe of te familie BC; 1, BCC, 1G, PC oe der she sae pera ‘Pro. Yor the langage Ly = baat, ath whi tein BC, we have hen mt pelintmer2 th “hie lngone ba ite wt Min WL) te wot BCC ‘om ow the Inguag Ls) abd ihe grammar = (la. (oe ab) The ener st ly 70 A {moved om they sr a he ote sting th ae pe Hence Eos) om ot have he IS open. © ‘haar G1. The clare properties Tale 6. ball “Tbe 61 Cae prope am f oneal langage Tr Re—{-We—t ea| Ter aaa Beret No—[e_| Cans Rea] Ne Sopa] Rear Rea Ne Re [ Ves an He [Yer (a Reef Re ‘i ag———[ Yer [Yor [Yes Yar] Yor—__ LANGUAGE THEORETIC PROPERTIES Inconelaon, Cand 2C a atAFL bt he ote fiat iter APL (none ed tr ienston tops ter fv ‘obits sor anAFL¥ (chy te claed et aoa cei). Tne of the por clone pope er the "la" pein it Ianeugen ti htaraing to img nee pesto, eho reed {ov ide of woking ef cntatn gamer tow hope obtaining finer pte ne yop cote operation ih olnghion rp conte in Cope ‘Theor 6.2. Th fone IC, BC, HOC aro lvl er the oper tion BOG and TE oe tne Pra. The dove of BCC and TC flows fn Lae 4S aed 5.2: ‘ne he 89h 8 propre he peo L, te ngage Told) bar te sane poyery (ie pokagtion procs by ag oe ‘inet tac ep). eee (1) ‘Comal no the ee 8s liad), (la}0, loa) = 8) i) = 6, at 1 ad EC a)= (br | n> 1 l(a) = (ah [m2 1m 20 This ange on hey OC: aL ea ng rth wri etitaiy igen ed (eye) Epi) eet? and he 2 See ets hb tah tne Sites ocala eon of era fat the alo 8 fo un sta pl Joo ea ape ends anon pn the rept) corte option aster 76 Cipla) = (ve | of formame a9 EV") ewe ipeze hat th cmon ri wed i coven i mia, the cee toon Con's) = (029 | wpm foe wm mle aS EVD MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS 6 ser mts) he Lng seme Pref) 0 Pref). We ony at Chote tr mesial (praie uediatn of 9. Catal enation (eget andy hve nator ue han ein coon) an lateral ‘Sovdnaion & andy have both presi in common) eon be Tare € {fpmph and GV" we dee catty= U Cate ‘Thooreo 3. Nowe of te amie ECC, EOC, ICC, TC ld wer the eprtos Gfy Cog Prof The lngnge = (0° jn > 1 i BC. ash sing ata ‘num hin Cpl). oo cota an be aed erm the sdf ing ha » Ci) Smosh the EOS property: ence, Cn) a IN ECE: Monet orm >the sing ete" 90" tn CoE] no a ‘oestrel contr ante moved. ne eevee >, ft ho cd then hey we get tng ec ht C2) anoe tome o> 0, or height hod oy hen me tas theme ota Cyl for ivn e We ae ween, tree, eaten on {ie a seng of ht oa. Conny, Cag) @ CC: (Coster nom th aging (fe = Ulaheaefa.8) (4b) tlaed oko) “The stingy ge, ee are in L(G) fr al w > 1. Tae we pede in 2 rit Cal g(a bath a €(Spamp). Such 9 ‘ing mn conti scans oth yao Amie ht ‘Nini 0 th 0 jl fra gen cotan ca be removed ‘ahh ate sting sane ftw dente byw ea a Cul) ‘Ane tint m > ip Enh ing in Calle( Chr € {fugly ean a ‘Rut one fe sap and hd (8 am cota atone 9 Jnl > 0, thee he rng aed unt Bein taal singe saves et) bate my mya Pan Me nme, The rng sans eo sf bose ai wap tn enlace ben oa 0 lly = O Jy tie he ring sae nt fn (i tbe ia Cl lg( i) ~ Lt. Allatengs a8 ged CCl) vem maim in. Th eig wena be ef hiert | « LANGUAGE THEORETIC PROPERIIES roel, C Ln) do ae th TBS poe, in ‘ofa TC, a pte he fet that fg) € IC wk tt lata ay por i ie Saronn she Inge b= then BC, but Perm(l) Wk ln BOC (Greys bh ni Pern) hd eh sings dnt Bete ES Spare) Moree tv grammar = (sted (A) (aed) hee astate © Per (flo sch ng 1BS popes (haat halo Perl) G7" ‘sua redler appearing the amar oie she sa te fly wich ona» ven fay ones Lg and wih ‘he under ean operations (Whi fer sane, te tala ATE Steg aly 10 eae nh po eins 82 6.2. Dectdability Properties Westal iny comier the i econ problemen ngage or: emp (nm, cule, ean nd members The rte Wl be ‘Shen nn ecko of eos ned spate in alten emann 6.13. The epi gran eae for all case of cme Prof HG = ( snd oly 44 Leman 614, The fees protien dcide for grommary sree ting tonne T0100 BO Prof MG = (UA) agama whos section, then a) ad al) ae te and only APEC PMC (OA) ‘Copp compe pV" 2 ihe Ly) ine ita aly ifthe fn) © Cx) # (4) (0.9) € x0) ar mec Sse te foun 33) SA ty ssc och 2) total camel gram then (6) 28 ‘Loman 618. The member poem decal fr grammars re Pr. It noth o prove the ser total comet grammar ‘ake = (Yeas) win omputae ppg ps ve Weve dG)=4 MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS « NAO) = Hh-NGYU a EV [we efor ew HKG} 42 We hase € L(G) and aly 26H) ld (upping ta (8) 6 (Cheatham fry, wat eps Tie wer H(G) can be agit oes and they ae Bie v0 we tan Side whether 21 (Gon 3 ems 6.18. Te member prolom wadecileforgommars wih vty etn ma. Prof ‘The fais ICC, BCC, cota nagag which ate wt ree sively emer (Tear). a ‘oie fea on hain dni em be may ee Nie, “Spotl, for oe mugen of nomen sing oer = fot) ime cs age sul MMS Ems EH for re fey}. Neha L(2) Ly) #8 fan only fhe Pst Cnespondence Probie fr ep) hoc asin ch deal, Menon (2) 2) Inte and ely it newenpy "Dh lng Le), Uy) ae a EE ICC: for (abe) ates |1 54S m) Ube | SSD thee [e-em (fe) 9) 1 ‘emp 12). € tp). Comey, we have sre have L(t) = bl mama 627, econo de mer he ses tm fp of cotta langage ste hen TCs ety, nie con, “he trtin tm aguags nF means “he inention sith lene eid sna capone Teams 648. The fence pol i waddle for al ames ICC, potnnce,Te..76 Pra. Tak wo mules of wcnty word vr (a8) and cone ie ern igh se sone, hae L(y) = Li, Construct th ie (Gly asin the pro of Ltn 87, Ry) = (0 Ley) | te ‘Neato sarin the amir Cp in tt content rection of lap« LANGUAGE THEORETIC PROPERIIBS “Ths tae ie and they con be flit opted, Momo the langge Eee sable ember oben, Ch we tre ett) = (KAGE. Cont the contests grammar (a0). (bos tsa) fllt.9) [16S ab to} = Uh) | 14) thee i> one tha we K(Giy) at Ke(GKph 02) = 8 (cea, tw KG) then thule Welly ne unl) =H DIED Agee Le einer inti L with the ear Ingge oF we ge (or a Ink sot soe "The warn of agar tc aL bono ("ba mm > O} so ht ang one tng prope, whieh nob the AP AITBUL proper, ir melee enough torte a nen geal ‘Setanta "ow ma IT (0 [m2 1 de en rnc eo cs ea ee ee | nn ho society of angage (the the lng en. 1 cnmatdvtly obtain pret of the ‘org ample Scion 42S, ‘Theaeen 7.. The HCC: fal sti momsemine fnpege Prof Cone he ott granu pened th dua fem) GM. C2DS6). with et. ‘etna bs") (asa, Sletten ate, orang: = df): ~ dela) lied ede he inept wy Weal fates (L(G) wth MO (nna 2.2.2) | eee herd weave toed nly he seins te em | | MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS 2 delat) abeed th ymbl «can be sodaed oly by sng the pe ‘fetna (cto) ant nly er Seng nga ofthe fore dat ated ‘Wersa mt any = eae 0) {hie nse able wih mI we ae (SC), thc the drvaton ean emne only "Uy ng, thi pretction of © IMo'cun a me (30), Imag to slatted aed en cei tin at etn (oy istorng to oucrences af bree sabe subwods 3. Tn the sry ne nly obain sng 2 = dla ed (ory octet oe ho istrng (oi of share vteving a nt gt Bau we) Ons ‘Wis to ht ving ned sone ap (5). Nom. or Se et i ay rns hd a Shing = dla (eco nthe bce a 2 we oa UEbecr ath i i mesure im ot f(a) an couse th SNeanese ef ie) Ins). Conary we ave ole TGhesnme em ot with dole te mabe of ebord a ne fom the oy ih us) = tm tata» eqn eg, ehh siougs) = 2 00) ih ingle Hm For euch singe we have ure = +2 = 2.23 ‘Coseqeti rh seman eM apse above we hove (Ll ONALM =H 22 4 2,2.2.2)182 0) “This at eat eae, By (Ln) ot emia sitet, "Thorens 7.2 aol 3 aw that, ne eke snineniy as» edn of il wate tive, then lage ECC, UTC bot ly thmext-xmne, along hey nw i sue mature” BLL proper In ser sh tl a he tr ane 7.2. The Complexity of Parsing Probaly the wos nortan onion te din of he leone Sentai te cabo psig, Noha Hora ethno bo {tcl he mer bln) trl seta ang4 LINGUISTICALLY RELEVANT PROPERTIES (ovo witha rte elecsion), ir external contest gamit wth far rome dae the compo Kw ply leith Te Seton 6.1 nel prove that SCCUREC) consi ly ier nage ps Item 86) The pete contrte and fs ply empl ice te naman yasing sgt sve for contea-te gg fin be eke to langage th aly BCCUREC) We pov eee ‘Sys el nn ronge fem. (Ae standard compen ters, dente the fy of aang weve tbeip protien cae de {ein eerie ply ine ned NSPACCE\lg} denotes the fry ‘St tangaap hem omer pb cn be sled In welt lemme” One noes at NSPACEAeg) 8) ‘Theorem 74, BCC(REG) < NSPACECH) Prof Coser a {ed cone aan wid eur aetion = Wek Brine) Se REC 1M epg th language La) los ean it tap ec te ng sy € Vand it isnever age Sipps ta he eget thn mp fl =n 20 and deat, ay 1 ep nthe flier fw bY oles tapy Mrs oe indo ppt 02-8 fi Mate | = ope “ie compotion oo MY wk lowe: hela air ete an el e¥ aud that SP o tatty ES, (tee nye) At ther i och the act ote ai) ‘SM es cre rvs aly wih esc ofthe tat ie amet seep won ott tbe gap genre by © and 0 (8) EG), Comnaly € Lat thm tae a deration iG ying (a il fun the sight Se or he ne erent (oth eee Sr) the apg: Comma, EM) = La The pace ee yf pa tended torent fone inne srg tht O(a) ano vet tbe materi n (1) ih eS ae segue aah Cs are ine, cotant and red ach ‘nelle i apr pce Ola, a aire. 2 Corollary 7.1. BCCREG) SP MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS * In emia 85 we abl pose tat BCC(CH) i ate age ean LBCOUUECY. Heer te meer prblen fr engage bn BCCI) ‘sca be aed pmo Theorem 78. BCCICECP. Pro, Cnr» Gad) cents rca with conten ton MAGE S515 Sct rng ik, nn a fa ine Chm oral orn sn = (MX, Ps Na Fa the sevcf notre tt pl, snd the eaten res, recto Fe tnnrmatioe eer 10a the Choon ora fe Fetes vonean momo Gi wih pet to the eth of Gs) ag nt pgs pom tine. mee ot re The dashing i al be Cocke Younger Kaan lpr or the meer rel oct gang Fo ed cote [Puno Chott normal oom Gy = (8-7,5,P) (ali hy be pore al te patna ig) #¢ a engin he Chere oral hyo gh th CW ath dei SEPA Svhecas Misano ofa sbpaning at pnten TL w deol tema te nomena whch tendon agai = (XEN [Xm ee regs tga We do aot cot the dt ofthe CYK gritty cn fond i many {ol lngonge tors monograph tre that monk eb on) "2 we eampte tow the gh th ale compute by the CYK le vinta heaps nde oor theta Von) = 2a reach hm gee eth the ented a 6 Thee tie SEA dr fhe ota more tha ar) ater ‘ftw tha gue ede ore e O(2og aa) de molar med in Han 22D @ he Tring chi Mca ow Bee sth she tne Tog tin Shige cen flo CY art ck ct aeelates pun Ge Cy mela) == fa* LINOUISTICALLY RELEVANT PROPEIETIES construc on he (+ Ht ape he table Wot vag ® the ine reed by Mee CYR algorithm ais, ign) = HOU) = O10 he gt fe tpt of 6, ing, Soir ntans ME Bewatn ry canta! on he Ting mene Speers mech aoe ee e's and the arcie ae om scl he Gr eh euch ar) femora om zw the Ting a te ptf Toes eet Entries eben vernon). See roel am et he soy toe Tie Con eh wy theo he tf Then Sa esate thao how ‘cee latin pace. Bt for thi weet inermation the alee See ee oa tn tn el Xe si stmt nm ee year tw ES Ae Veyaoner— #0) ot ha eat dene us by eng he mt Ya figs 8) ee ac ty A a te (¢ ta) abd ekg what bdo Tm Ss cin itp in th a ESN ae fy topter th be word ince they ave pt of te Mpa af. Tose rte Vays rng) we Hdl aa BPEASite fc on be tel spc oy yh cota, 8 we Pe veal font thay of Mt pred yong the es "te om aber tht My oper ia aii ee sin has tyes eo moe in vo Teen 4 eon, cee epg mse emaaig bagi ist porast ‘the pa el ni the se ely Loge) Ina ore oak ht ined apt pei MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS a cedure snug nonbasniate spac-ouned Tong Manhine by © ‘Steminite oe (mfr nan (165). Tho hel ponies, Me penton nine smh Sunn) dente te sme i iy Nom, a shown sone the pace She) = Oflu Seppeing nt Syn) = dolags whee dis coma depend nb. oe gt tat My opt ia tine out We can courtract no on Tring ne Maelo Mis deter man input Ve) =m 0, 6 soa st BM coment aes} yng th ub es impetant oot hat we ot emnnss row ac had the came when += oh, ame stage, vey the abenip oso mpy word yet ty = fear rcs apmnte 3 £510) MEG an, a soe athe ates o Mowe, ace Gi ‘be Chom noma erm, and only, cota te ale moet cons the tine rege by Me hte oe that Me pond nwo on an pat fg Tat) fmt ae Sioo mene ME Menenoy, inode ogo he crest rt we ae replace nth fon a Taste} by @hsbtaning alo) = Tahn)+ Tans fon + Downe 0{42) + 0((0(n? gn)! "9) Be) kolaeoesg ones| | i : i i | i i i [ , f * LINGUISTICALLY RELEVANT PROPERTIES In) «ofa, ich ie politi ‘Cll AF wots a teaded, he he roo ecole. ° 11.8. Descriptional Complexity aving on it guage ae by grasa na given la Xt Sey et swan icmp wa by intreduring sting in asa ew asim of C. This procedure saul Inari mane the roms hve Aon bon generated by G02 hey ‘mt ter hand, both fm 9 rat and tail yit vw, icity mmportet to monk oih ena wih eo sl pa “To's exe “tbe lle” era grating anon Ean be “the etvomy of deepia” (Ui i an portant crite oe comparing ‘rms (ccrpontngy of nang) Caper ne peed ‘Bo Spm deing ‘eer enn an be coal for coke ga, to, e ste ning tee terrane fr lll ext grants whi) ‘ant PAG) = ard{C"S Che ae 2020 6" fk tnt = tee) ‘The meats eas the gue of wom, Con ese nme of tthe maping (Of owe Asad Con sate ema fo grammar hoa eho, bot Phi pe cote grammar mk eto] _MAnCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMAARS ” Westnd these meats a he marl ny Yo ange Mal) = min MIG) EXE = L6G), for M ¢ {Ae,Con, Pi} X € {EC.IC,BCC ICCC), ad we appa wetiner, brio f L FG Fo (and the grammars gonerating Inga nF sae patra of promore erating gan in) thon MC) © Mp0} oral mesures Wn can be si fr bth ye of ras ‘Th nears above ne ite erro Ingen he ere ‘Theorem 7.6 Al mene ly, for M and X ah soe a omnce Prof Conder et the ie angge Bn= (a 11s F<), for 02 1 Bera fy = Lae) = Ll) ‘ede Sutra e fBeesaces tect} ning nn-mpy conta flowy th fatal testa grammar {oer La hen no Sration sap ple os the ot aoe of {Sr oa Pa heya) =a mabe Weare onside now th ging Zt fr fm above > 1 Fr the rama (ithou etion (b)C(8.2) 2 € al) we have Lee) = Nence Cong(d#) < mfr aX € (BC, ECCTE), For the pomame Gi (od). dat(h) iz Ighep), mah yu) = (dha)| 86 be) all ela shel) 28 ce Coueatit) Sm suing cn be stained fom an sng fe by ote» et, td beet ssingy 2 nee re fat 3c ama ma Satin ate (0) uch that bebo subd alo © Thi ‘ote amet bed or gnmalingy foe y a fy and wiry apy SreConlG) 2m Illus dns Cny(da} = wloral Ke (80, BCE 0, 76, “The language Lf above 20 JC thi aly men oe he age oo my a ht Ce (4.8) 15.) wehave 1 {le PoP [m2 ht StS mh 21 Tor th cntstal grammoe Gy! = (fhe) | <6 = wh Aa Fo|TSt sae), wih H2) = (AGF), or xe (OPIN Kem #2) = {00879}, foe0 LINGUISTICALLY RELEVANT PROPERTIES 1 Became PAY) = m,n have Cony L) Sr ot) 0, ore 05 then E(t) Ky Pict) Sn Hct tote ea he gee Ls hn fr ch 121 to ncn (0 sh tg hated ak ie} tena or me Synge tapes © 1, Tie Seo. Eee at men ea Teena at yoni sein» award been eee be SE Sahin Get Sake Wehr tipi i Wiese BL at gc) pt stem Tings ht Phin) 2 oe [BCCUTC)” HE eon tra contest rie, th Get vet sot tg (eee that fe) = 8 Osher Pra age an be aed yng cnet ein oe erent tan msn ese eno. Ts se SU'PMASIUS) St they therm abe ped ewe Pa st no omit iit proba Qt -Q5 siel a Cha vee une ote owt! mr ith ct {inal ose ‘bvinay, ive ona Gt ei tae to compat Ae) and conto Spr cong sormpning pone of Ths {ithe ether Pi ‘Dheorama 74. We ent compute PAC) for an rian come! rom’ icmp sen mappa Tat he pee @) fatten he me PE) Pro 1 scone fo nel mers wore oe (08) == ee Gere We cat te mm (rit leo) Ge) = osha fed Alea 11S Es 9D bree oh in aren te nr Gietete gy omnes ton iy (HC 2 oan oly if te Po Ce sone Poke ry hn ite nota ne se Lal) = Feteedre} G= (lake foh(bs [LFS MULE. 9 with uy (bea Lets MD ULlee | | for we LUE) 9 Leh") ~ (0h stu) = (x) 11S sm), or We (L(G) ~ bel U C0), Aw) =8, fr 02 Lele) The ngs Ll Tey oa that (C2) bal) = (othe the rng ot gansta of oso, Hand (bn) |Legal te) 9 TiGPtg # Eten the an ofp aici te ef) | e+ SVU Hel). There, PRA) =2 and onl Ll LE Loe OGD) eh wtih see teen sit or smpating PUA) ‘Afar a the rbiome Q2 QS are concerned, three a diferentes ‘he meat Ae tnd the tems Com, Ph ‘Theorem 7.8, Al rots Qe QS hte poste awe forthe mee ange As fr eral eal gars ih © tongs tins a. “To prove ti rut, wend the flowing mun ea. ‘conexant = (AC) teal bce i fo eey 2 A etn Eat Le) si ‘ort ny ik rms with ace od i the xsl mode) ncaa rear ws competaie cs map, on eet ‘Share cae tle sume eon Posh Lat G = (V.A,C;~) be a cots grammar with 9 compat Me mapping The eile) rant elect constrcel en lites every ng mL} hw nating A, Minas) = ating A} Win g(@)) A, thon Oe eed the ppont ve meme the ringe i Ain a Gin he ring de Pir egi umes fd Sage SESE LAB Det 6 = UMA), 9) Hn a od thin be lr fay heat te nat A wo mon te oad ina es in At se Smash ned ran ating A~ Msg) ot Sermord om eat oh pat @ Metra he guar GW nga} a Cp onde cane in ean ih he pe tran the onan ig sn Ar ang =i oe [pr gna wk Sua 8 ad : 2) L(G") a iva, so he mappingcy LINGUISTICALLY RELEVANT PROPERTIES Praf of These 28, Obviouay iL € ECC then Arxectt) = Mid}. “Consens nngvage Le BCC, gonna y's gran = IV. Rie oy mh wconpuac mapping Acorn othe eon nm, (tay snume tht sede Wes te Ming) = Bena) AM conarct new gma, ofthe fnn = VBE). a8 sun reve 6 A Min) thw 2 © Ma) sh ht 2 = mae we Pe These dfn heat ofall contents tie ve fie Let dese this by Cy. Ten C= CUCy le) ole fo.) EC | ew eA Mina), fore Min, ee) = ole ore g Min) in cay tome tha Lal) = bl) “Trey” we hve fund gma fr Lh ie mini with eect vo he ost dan Tot tan problem QD esa Towser wth “ated nomer to QU weet thepetve oer te QE hich ‘on tpn the pve nee ebm QS and QS @ ‘Remork 1. nth pv roa tbe i of comet ganas wth ote nas mec for the amr © = (a0) (2 (Ch) me hae BiGTE EMRE PhS Ge ia eomesea! panna who oie Ge aNncC) a bane (40) & Ae Hower, Mian) = 1) Se depen ea) he oa ne at conta to There 7, rears Con an Phi weave th long ‘Theorem 7.9. Al posems QE = QF Ae a neaive awe fo the me sce Con or stra tones gromonrn with xem secon mah Prt te 618 wt sw ht he few al de iy ilongsg ft lows ht wet fora ry tl rae ‘ide ethno mt Conn Lat (Git ncompetable ive mapping er ngage Eh et 08) sed nt ot of Toerom 16" Conpoctes) = Lette ry UbulC, for arbiter content gamma C= (de) AC) oh compatable fp Wirsuy tome thot Conroe) =wifand onl i Const da) ete taot dec he ot st Cong da( 2) =O fr an aay Gnecanot dete meter oot Conpee(dg) = orn 0. Th ores ‘hal te prob QB oa aegue ane for Co i MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS s A pote aero Qa agave ee 6 Q8 imply ee Fata ples Qt oe ew.cw, he re few coer pin he gna (0) 6%) ached Tate 1 wend i ts so oars de Serta tern ave bm) Weer Ge par Ga UlehdstehModMbAKG, {fea CHOON N Lal) = fe so {ES} ee fora € (8) whee (6) ae te ate dal inthe pot of Lem Sie ero anf te) wana nme ve hate (GG Pal) Tefal tee an appetite mor of ins ne fis) Commguaty Conga) ‘he tbs Lg PC) ae) # ey then here waar snes yeh that Ky) age) 2 8 or a 2, Tee, Inte englisch ol A cnt ‘raman witht atm ot A'= we L(G) fo] 2 ma} andthe cones LOE [lehif om ote our nngunge, that Conzce( af) = 1 Hoyere, Cin) Comme caer decide wher 0m Con} = Comrco( L(G i hs a nega swe . Tn ere ole the problems Q2 QS fr the mesure Ph we ned one moe si eal, wii ales of into nee. mam 1.2 I edie ter oF nt on arty eter co testa gona wis opal secton mappings agus {Re fm Proof Consider again he sont gratnn with cole fom the ott of heen 7 Lag) bly) =e), the eon othe eu) = (a2) LS Sm, fr we Lal"), eT Totne,Le() = Lag), tha ie Lael i agg in EC. Convey (ean # oh Oe Lal) ina tne gun a te umber fing we a) = [Gocep iT 2 es} (loa) Thrtor, any amas fre Isto EG com's ots (0 cht el > 0. Thieme xa He) ob ew g Lal“ LINGUISTICALLY RELEVANT PROPesErIES applied oll stings inf.6,c) 00 we nnd a ection mapping, That it 1S am the sang En) tin “Roth pcan huh ent (3) ECia not dacale, ee sunue for meaner ‘competi slcton ‘Pra Cane he srs 6 inte proto Thora 17. om the or usw oy eo eae nt ont Lal BC. tease or © BCC we hve Phigeo(L) = Ii aud only Ee BC, Els tat we ann ite thro ot Phigr la) sree nth tof iver #9: forte eon Lai Tnguage by ver te spb [euch that Php fe Phipeolls(Ghule-s)e m1 Piet laa) bh egal omit Stanly Paige (Ln) = hewn deat We ave baie the ‘toe ater tthe plan Th neat Qi man ane GE, peti he newer lees "Theorem 7.11. Pte Qf at # aeatieansuer for mea PA for etre tonital ranma wih pata secon marin Pro For gen Gi he ok Thar 7.7 we kao hat PAC) = 2 Pi{@) = ‘and cannot eee thal vale ef PG) ora ‘Stary @. I DoH) =, tn meme int eee) ef) = CO hd n(@) = befP)) © EC. Thing that Phin (lg) = 1 ra Pact) the eg ha oie» omen ‘nthe ther ba, Late) 9 La) # eat ony it PA 3 Weal poe that we lo have Le) Lao a) fe) a ony HE Phigec(EelG)) 22 Prom, PMG) > Phigeet El) and vl ECR lo Ea nw tn ‘The that Phigo Ln) pin a Ge) Ma OD) 4) cious Ao ta Lal (0) 1 Lal Ua) # (0 So Lal ER {EGP nan tot apd he at ne conten 0) ening ‘smb es ula te ner ere racing he ag (eh Befalows that Pigcotd()> 1 Maree the sleson ee ni bad a rene wan he ete [ae Me an OH) = nl C2) = Lal Up) We). For w ee ss st hase $10) 26. omene for L(G) weno ate pi) =o) fe ame PeULCoteh net) fel ree O°) al) UL, “ea sing fhm oe ate it Lg) bein La) ae) eta eaten (an than Steen € Lg), whch wo psa MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS ‘Conga, maping tbe fic in fren yo the compet SE Hy, Pina) 23nd et ‘May ter mente a ba ied Fe tance, ive tt ents = (0 4,09) we cn dei MAs(G) = maxi we A), Tax(o)= hs Con} = maxo [(0,9)C), romiay= SW pag) = maneodoes, 29.) 220287) ‘he nm ins te ain! gh nh tl ccs ira agiebeadap ase he otiogt iat lie utter st ae Sct ect. Wop np soon he PC) = Cae) enn ey sn) wets ae). Remene that eR tal onthe tine tat ogo "ion hat marr he nt a ngage ie “he nxt elt we expected ‘orn 14, A vr MA, Mon, Can, MP em sorb el nd fra ttl ron Pela ome he ae be rate by she gaan Ge = (ft). (et) 2 tte Shiels al Tad andl Hens en & a, Pe fecinc ete Ce) br WW cade PeeMeom Fem} Wie vos Crate seta gan tS gn ti hae tno sucesso ne Mn) = mr) ces Pay) oe me eh Fgh) Fel fe tn BC RC we croc fe feifebl i sisny nae (len = 1 he stn ti, grated i the eternal me by the ‘Seicial grr mthost cove ade Lets Sh Lec tppan hat MeMipe ( 0 fr every eosyec whic aff wod e deton, we bate (2) SHG) leerlisbsrl eeahctiy)= Se eri) ¢ Seas 1 = ala) kn = Beceem 2 for lags nom rw bane aU) > al), ii coma he ton (© BC) ‘Comat MPs fe feed) Capa m2 be lap} utteaeae) [14 em), obo}, 5.02 ule) = ee ede) [LS yh dein ofp, wea MPhil baa) Le aeons gar = lhe), AC.) sche gC) ba) Lt dnc nh nt Me (eaeeaOedasaer m2 LL SESW) Chet AC La) No decoton x ny with 296M i pie [verona fyb cnt be ceed = if devotion ext which incomes the eomber of oxcrenee of ‘ombo ead thea we mit we (aa) oerde), or Sime gen 2 kro, ww eaced tWreeca a ibaa SS aban t" "and he blaine rg i wt ii) consis, i der to aerate tng i A wth rie age Income mith m > Arta) nod erations ry oe Yew ity eaeaamven acer, ten the sly poy 1 to have MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS casiea (at en tf (@)comaine tno osu a ba {she suey ed (de 20), tected wh "Pe Thi ingen that eevee) Issn) eee) evry > ACR), ha MPM)». Comeguaty, MMe) The ccd MP fr he al 1 ow om th conned es aus Co he nly (These 78). ® ‘esha et ds hte he deciabity quetions Ql — Qe he nly inircted mast, sa coer ster peta pee that "heen proveest nwo (or mre) aes. aden Bing 6 Tiny eer by rome Xt weal very fl agree ue ne mini en the pnts af ew teh hee mest (Osher, date qt aes: wach eth Semen My sre pete /egrenie?) Unfertanly ne epee {ethene » pea ted pci ot n,n org ne ‘Sci isa there te tber ts ome rat ad ang Siena tha rt on guage the cel abomial gram {fom the ot of i hy not emo enol rea et ‘pte fa of made ve se lngung ea F foal 6 deioe (Ge X| 4G) = HMO) = Met} (shes minina racions wth pst to A generating). Two meas As te nd to bs mma thre ea angoge Fs tha Maus) =0 (te to meas at be lao inmied ranung Oe (re, nod ye mo be ope "Theorem 7.12. ay tuo of the meses As Az, TAs are compat Jor tera cnet prema Prof Thin dst conotece of be prof of Thea 78: gv 1 Bec we sa soma ©" (V.evp) eth A= Mim) an fo ‘hs grammar me bare A(G) = Mpce(Z) tg all M & (Az Mae, TA3) Thani te-"(E}a EAL) TAS) A forenry LEBCC. 0 “thee dn ave ‘Theorem 734. The meats i al the ps low ore serps for (0 (A A, eth a (As, Mas TA ls © (Com, Mom, Toe ‘wrLINGUISTICALLY RELEVANT PROPEICIES (i (Of, at a (Con, Ton, Ma (Com, Ps PH (i) (Gon, Pa, (P,P) (i) (Ps, Con. Pro () Let ier he nngungeL = {0 Cy, Mia) = (am hanlett) = Mttepce(E) e Tkenco(L) = 1. Howey ae har Gat Ls) 'SBeeay We (Com, Mm, TC 2 {teem (ys) iw = dor eerating 2 rn a be ppd {0% bat ns ea Ont ker bed, Mpe(E) = 0, fo © (Cou, Con ‘ebay and Piece) =e Phycol} =D we have = Ca Ua) teen het et aH aD 20) This generated by the ranma = (08 (be (42) th elle) = (Oe) Aon 20, Flee") = (ue }n 20 218) =(salhn 2, 2) = Where ‘Throne, MCongocll) < 8.-7Congec(l) <4 ‘nth oles baad, Conpcetd) = L Phin) = b MPRixcotL) = 8 eco = ee GF foe = Cd, (bt a), Oa). ta tw soe grammar GT = (od) A Cp) ah a Lal) aed Cone tases Wala dating ees cae 1rd thn Pt newt OME GE 6 Ahn 2 eww ATONE Conoquens, MCon(@") > 1,TCon(@") 27 (whieh impli tat Cen and ‘Team meneame with Cm) eden MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS UPI) = Ve MPC") = 0a a snl comet grammar snd nui covet ve cones he frm (ha) wher @ Te ‘Concur, Ph nd Phare abo compatible wih M'Con and 7Com "i oe mcr She nog Lea (athe [nists We hae L = Seal) fr the grammar G = (a8, (oe), 8), Ob Le) 9), wa ett) = (ah 0,22 a) 8 tern ‘Theyre, Phiece(L) $2 (i fey Phipee(L)=2, o£ BC) Tatu wm ike grammar! (fa), A.C.9} wih L= L(G) wd PAG} = Eley glare) <8. tn he ster sto the fom P).G © Ore gC), ot woe 2 6 lab) stb fe) Fre} = 6: Avon tng 0? in, teen (08), ¢ 1 nC. From EL Seting wes osname) eal present in Sopp aw toe? tine oy oy wing teeta (BSj.atie thi} arth, owe (ose) pga), (pine) 2 5, ssemthson Comment sh aed rm Ui innate sete Ov) "Een Con?) 2 aad PIG Howser, Ganeecti) © RM Phigee(2} £7, bows L= or ut faa) 8h), wath lotr) laren we) (i) Let a ake the ngnae hahaha [m2 fala), (,8).0.9, PD, 1k an be grey the grime = (( AP om eer) = (a, (A)n2 8, eta) = (40), 02 Beni) = (in (ta), eter ease, MPhigco() <2 Teaco» bammar = (0), A.C} ud that L= Lf ant [MPACG) Te ear toe ht he te the coe 8) 43 Sn0 O40), oth of wicca be spiel tos tags. TT ne* LINGUISTICALLY RELEVANT PROPERTIES “40 nto fm ahh by ding te content (A) i fallow kat SA Metian) wic npli hat APIA) > 2. Comouety, cere EE A.B 'cs neta (4.0) © tere, Sir, en, (GoW) ns ben Chan Come?) 2 port Comaceld} uae b= La) fr "= (408), (la, (8), Oa eh mh tao) = Ha. (0) (AMZ be ers) = (08.02 we) 8 tree ‘hie completes the poo cmp of Con an MPA. 8 tna fees ee eet ee R ee tama 1 FS Co a ob ‘74. Automata Recognition and Characterization emating pm wich sre with pct oie arson a8 Sere tos ea portant eo nee en ae aot rca se eed by ven gaia, Thom be {Ta Ser ty ontutg ort tore tos ls fate soos et acomae quae 0 cass of unin Choper ese ts nota he eon to ete hs of ae mon a ematy heer A ine aprsth em be meee canna We poorer ene gal rane cae Siena nut! oemate Tae sve poble a rete catering ame conte nog te ote Tdig we fies of nce Se eof on ema ed woth of Tang ie eee cso an mute topes anel ya voce hen SE Techn sale et te eer of coeapnd 0 eee ls tering sth machinery shoul eal eee he saeco eat nvr in an a cote Hatt re» Seether ote feline defi ml M a(R MenenseFPh A contol ect [MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS a nb nani set fst, Va alphabet xcs te spc mb Tec in V (end mare iy 6K isthe snl sate PK the wt of Soa! ies a Pin te tof moter eee eng ele thee Moule of sey Ko fe) URVURSO RJ USTU Rr the x se Go kh ki AAKOP eng mmtaly dj, ani sx pe of moves, PU pau Pru Pou Py oP of the lowing ons: PORES a Sey he he = Pa cosine ale o fn a2 #0 K€ © Pr cota ls othe or 8, with a € Ke 0 Vi = Pe contains efter eit 9 Kr HY, 2 = Pf contin rs of he wa ~ a, with nena epee ke Kee Vand © Pl cnt rae oh ft as = #0, with 4d Kha € Vs and Gace wise Klee ATU (wh "Th tition bend det the allowing. The ats in KU and tie lin Ph cnet suing the bepning of tn. The trot tre stn At etx ra PD ans, hee oft thew sh ae in ene. Th ee (Pussies ting of mango he senaed ing mote i {30 ete of oma). Tho sig oye epg res ram with 2 Mihay tryna Ps Awe Kr he seed wc deere the ‘ne ie nt ad ite ean nating ‘Seva ring Note st ings tte Kr ign Pe a ene {hole tof men cng work Pu ds nt nace tate a Rr ovear, oe we hae posed ont shove thi abe don, eee, BY ‘Ruchaagag ral sim Pa. So wing tli Pv one mor vsing ‘lhc ply the spy on Can smping he ring ont) and Soe catinr nith u s PY which ale ttn Kf, and sean 9 aii ie canon og Both ep sensed by aed the mi cane 1p Pfam ssi nly or opel he tases, tpt Thi ‘iby iar spb cough tops atta coon i ‘ings cen Pf (itun brd Keke ond Ph PrP cesta’ 1 Senonne, owing al cbr, rept) Using ale Is Pane rsh ight oe te prem of ue 1 ha ane tea Nott ding the moe sprtos (ria PHU Pr PFU tie sana see Son change, oly the an tate may be die "Theres al ey ner ie, Westop when lle een fomcres mere ao acer oat2 LINGUISTICALLY RELEVANT PROPERTIES “The wok of 6 onetlelrain nutely deed In Fane 1, tn le bth te a les wel ova sgt the cet ing Sh the maf tne tauren of asing ae how wi ne ae Ree Re RSS IER ‘iar; Th wrk contest anton Acorn to ante enw eo th reiting ation ait POR (ops) be nly foe tame Scenic ete gl) Ten ean eae apace tes arcu (08) = 2 ¥" |erwey "ey for some ay € TiAl) = eV Jaevwes = yy, some Klay ‘Te langage La(M) tah te af the ii at of 4, te nage hh id ig em nn ang ine = sts tee he nee tin L(A) sande ota). I both ne the sng ple sing unde hy hw marke and th sing i ‘Seped ifoedwly ithe automo sles eras lll nce neh seating fal state Row patie Woh comes ‘Mannan seats fle! estar ith te dtc ead att eo {tne stn, gow he tpt saming prt he stein an err of ‘eeu than gor othe ie leving thes unmodied,wt g Uo heeft aad ent tng ons agi Clay we ma ate tha ‘oni sly state not yale le engl stat, 0 ‘een wate Wc ding many tp of otextal automa ~ arded asc = all ein PHU PY ae of he fom sts “ ~ beans ta = al ero in Phe = reantnt ora =a ie oi Prhave = sine MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS * ~ tg aman = ch reg wig a = feoson ara = al es — alin PY ~ hersent ate = alles rnin PR dnp urate = cart (Contec automat yal be ested scrding to tie determin tt we dont ender this qs ber the ae we 9 rh fe). “Coys single avomaten ts Pesta” Motove fr el tomate the tle in Pb and Bf at change the state who suing 2. ropusina Noo sgl aed alee im Ph md Pf Ss ‘mater the marked saat be and va ‘When denoting te fi of angen ele by contest slo {alter sl be et dent aging th pe (3) sed To dense naga ofthe pe LA) deter stoma eared a ‘ata B, RE automnn chaebol Indes raomcyee an’ single tata cae ature BR Ft, N, Sie indated by theses of te cveping ater) For iwtane, TUBRES eth taal ofl language of th 1), recone by mse ental ana whi seb an fons ‘pl, wher 73 the fry angangsof the form LM) fo Masimle st atonain tick howe, sat eos) Cl te rton ec atomaton monte adam cn ny ings a andl gh when angen Pr re th bine eo se emma 1.8. XS ¢ XL and X'IMY € X°SPY, for very X ead XY arp Moreover X°2Y face eB repo fing APF fem here 2 © {BFL} ond XY a ay poste sbation fie te fee Homma Ta TX 1X for eery Xfm. Prof. M8 (§Ve.0.00.F P) 9 contextual aon et we ome toe talon MH a Hees. wh ore P= PY PuuPru PUP sUPL wh Pw PLU Ue) 4/9 KD, te KE ck tat 22, 0 6 ing the ein PY ws can sa with and indy ay sateis Rb whichis reacablrom uate nn ting telLINOUISTICALLY RELEVANT PROPERTIES Thi options aie oly igh stron ch ‘Kcr hae Mune exactly the supe move as M- Consequet, La") A Prony Mi fhe ea ema 7-3, Bck fof eggs rege by eter so evant a Loe ot ay aig a en {ie oybel i eed bythe Bando ge a of (whe the eesPeiae tase ees the ht mtrtn tres he, ving ‘SEB. a wht pe ie i 0) te eZ) nari, Po et we nw mono fo aration rel ‘Theorem 7.15. TMAS= BC, TUBRES = IC Pr, et ws eer wens grin G= (VA, C) wt oe M=(& Meester PD Lm) Cut sk contig of he flowing ele Pho (aeons Poe (oye 0) EC) Utnenaleed, r= dian Poa lean a ed eC) Uta fiat we 0) (ene /ee VULOD ” Tei yt se ht Lal) = LM) a that BF marked spl, ak entation BC CTA. ss [MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS o When th ramear ie ad in he itera de oct Ma above wih then fae aed Phe (wan) U foe an lee, Pus (on Hae) EC] Utarsaleed) Pr = (ont ation IH EC, Pee (aco [6 EC} Ultra. Py (naman 4eV) U fe es nese) PL> (anys oye ae VULa} We ottin an MF anlomtes for which me hae L(G) = L(A (ote th ‘Mor emng bth wand vor conte (ue), nrc th tate ‘hn the ste wich gost the et sd nour, whi at ot {Beta te ay Hace een sting bc he orien on he place here the ert cote ree! fro)‘ aanatan inp feontnt, ne tne. Then, obtain ICS TUBES. Convery, coir» eral automata A= (K Yee. FP) hich ce (1) meted, reat ad ng or (2) oma fea tnd imple Lae = fo} conte the game Gah A= (weV" | nese a et fenive Vea smane Kine Kea e Riiay €F (a) | eee ae mack that pede Pate Pe Pure) This nyt ae tht fr (1) we ane Z(M) = Lg) a (2) ae (1) gh wh emp the rst ° Pro Te dfn fom he previo hia at wen ge ve ‘enna sett Thi eat by sing theta ia Pr ween he ‘Titer oo toe string wich ean aft ng sae in Pe nl bee (hinge ain Peis demon of thelr sociated he td te re hase i gla Imgege, tek poe Convey ‘csening permed alsin Prt ork fe atomatn ag nhc nha! uate ar fing sre Pan dng in fle weo* LINGUISTICALLY RELEVANT PROPEICIES sings rl Po moc hs egal langage th he esd ott fh weg cotsagemontwh epe oke. (at cr tena, Centers grammar = (EAU) (Sey) wme roe anges Cor» fiesta © (RP FP) ec SUPE ah we nea mn tue it we KES FeLSSS mul dt. Neots te next! stomaon (KKoovenmtorhPh te) AUgaonal tu) eCire UIE) and P coms oft flowing er A= tua —anh Konan nad (ed Cot SESH) Utara ized), Pre (gues —algo ny) ve) €Ci1 ES mand wena eR), Pe = (snyae ms 60) ECL SS, ad eR) Utena Pf = (sete 07) Pa fan ealeeV Ufa eee oe tht (3) = Lf) and et mak sim so we hare th fvon BC{REG) © TAS “Tue olson orb interleave vious ‘Me ene Ht he rner trove the eppne ncn (to ach conte ine) we ie Sh ler Sin) = (2 V"|auae => aime mt” eee Min tapes tee amaton gu €Vpre Rhone S Resse RD) ‘S ‘si the prevoutrem, we tn onside tent ich se bf und atl By ely {cere ote end Stn Thre we ave ‘heute 727. TUS = TORE) ‘he proof Them 7.16 en ely pes Yo th te oom MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMBLARS ” ‘Theorem TB, TANS = BCC(PIN), TUBNES = IC(FTN), tn lhe above shanctriains we have woke wth simple contested numa The wane dea ies Kl nt pote ool ee een, ‘nan raped by mane of the seer th tls in Ph hich asthe [rvs conten Ini wy tb tate sed ino tp oped Si oneal te sey bon” Weal ater ht thw uta “ror the nguage pert by he scaled programed entestan ‘amas onto sreaked kya grpiy ein a of pound ‘Sota amin) Silay wien dag with be language (3) we olcntelde rt contents roel Such pa ar coed wh imei darian Theron (mel a he greed te) evn iota the porto granu Weshll by tn Ah topisnthe qartnecoe deed to thew arate fens 7.8. Ambiguity for eva dof anna trad port ele th alas: goer gen ate snr he ose wernt dacipien 7 Syuace ape eas ne ln! talon "Tor tne Coty esi eaten Seales Stadt pane antigen sag Sit et tay ete ele eon set hint tate, pet) ini of Law ane hy gig eel ot gota oft cto sia} Ha fam a sw, hon {iets om lr bey re oe {SLU parma ne der eb he nd he ee ‘Saeed te dtd eel ie oat quence i ee Sting in L(G} shen gra iy totais dey {wo dt snl quest naa Cambrai [ganas gnc pa agg ae eon ton aldo i Sens cri top ue ne Tir aig ih pent care panna mig be tlie ‘with rempect to other classes. Thi is also the case bere. me ‘Thoorem 7.10, There ae herent siaansngnges th recto{INGUISTICALLY RELBWAITT PROPENETIPS Pr. hes erin poe ty the langage 1 ry grammar = (o,8), 4,0) eh that {= Lal) okain acon TenCta s wich we acemy to generate ings ofthe form he ‘Sah sole nn contest (A) 2 Ly wh eee {Dect singe oy ia atirny rgoTabe slo bf A, pa. Thos 0b ha wo drains in [no |n 220 at me ahh, aati that ee hat ae eae angus Lie nec siguous with rags to exten ‘oleae ida ie ‘Comidet wow a enteral grr with chin, (VAN C, 9), a ose the flwing prcedere och not an sli). ‘contrat nan = V4 ype 0, extent san se flown Ut (A.C ele) =O all ¥ Gm (WAin( Ah Ce gal) = Wall Gay = Min A}. Ca ‘ih the ping gs fed los Saag es ly L(G) fe) wep sks) = Tile €'Dac)” Lely) and coat a content (00) € 6) 1 se ht rane hm me) ar Ey hn we Mars = a2) 9 Lal G0) ahaa! = 0) Mare = Hon 60D Be De oss m2 1, wit ot) = (C8. fe >i ho a sao 0) above ith ‘om ol) “Con tht operation fo lamest o.) € forthe mpeg wolfe abe then tpt se opera reas eng 2 © Lact) Bee ch Rae puer ef pets, buena (0) fe) he scoot wh rane} at the this octet inte) melo fo [MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRASIMARS » or € L(t) we pat pte) 8 bein Le) & Lari Lal t 2 "hey Sie tain ane ©? = (VAC) meh WO} 2 Le) orca © Let) thee cy on ean tambien, Z(G} eames 3. ‘athe uneapctely, if we tk nt cst he dnp fr of eet sonata roma whet ee deh eed eertve caps, ie "Theorem 7.20. The emigny of elerel oneal gemma, wih or tlt dele ‘Prost Cee amg t toe the aetin fr gras whet In There, se wap of eomanpy sting ov (8) Us w'sw | siea visa thatthe aby chin rama adda (be cada ania ef he Pot Cerone Prin diet ‘ton mtu on sessed re, Dt wich so weal). As inthe poo! {ona 3s sate ith ye conteston ain = (lob. bea) 4 0) ih sigs ad oly eames, County, he igi hori desta 2 ornate ria he deft of big at. i se icin a ar hein have to cote to ecb ale dream ieosh memes Ase pelt tied ty the SUEIMcltel emt ane lr here the one ae ined (hs Teeter bp pied). et ot thee data ne eet ot the ‘a it i, ar tan, the orden which he ott a ed Reece cee a tetera Tn ne an tte sever bs bg, outing te tostinn wed for tibet. Hee we ce ‘earn Sven ots game = (¥A.Cp) tl anita rai0 LINGUISTICALLY RBLEVAN? PROPERTIES sep eugene entn6 298 (i) €vleuht s¥sm— season flettee8) ‘Of come te Cnt srs doo ot Meu che rain, ce the etait eae ore potions Than he ene fe riafonosata)ens saledenata Famili) Fmeilne amet Svea» dsrptin (the parnes preintieity the cote wed hd the pce we ty ae i Tan innit we to specs th contest sd ir oder ot the pon nw ey apa, the see ellen. zaahlGvn tas fltann tnt tt) abet enon the vost te (nthe electors and ot he ces ih ny ae othe we Stain tbe andere conte ewes {he cred supe tome ounce pected. Cay ca be feral (Son euenc af tg peng te ser of svc ent ~ Soller uw font dane bee such eile). {cova gre sid ob Lasbigaon i the ato dre sir in © ia dre ordre coral ure a wich gone ce sein - — pli inthis ion the werd nore onl sean sunbed spt enh genco" ntl wanes, ee om weed Serpe a he grammar i 2 Sigour,eety orn wi anbisty = two wht ont sequence, “bamigiy = to unsere romp con sequen Ahambiity = to cont aque, “ambipiy = oo complete otal sens, Sankey = ditions bi | MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS ot A grammar which cmt Combiquouy, fr € = 1.2.24,8, mld to teunntigas A angnge Le TCC(P) tarry Combes ty fmm (ith Peta) genaing Lu ambiunue A Tanuag ihc camambipiws gamma tse} Uanembiuos “Of coum Inmte,gen sana ang, wean al sage nnn ging or = he |» 1 (oA fo (18), 0D) (Gere ony oe axiom nd lyon conte, wih a be ain on ne plas) Hamer, = y(n = (ala) (0.28 (009) ‘Gramma (Feo amiguoue (in ener he grasa thnk pe aie ‘Sl lyse conten rent ambi) bue ie Sembee ‘Bho be cba! fom abn oo ode ba tn afeo)n,ahe a et tt by invesigning he eins finhraly igang ach ineeny tabs anuageeinterety eaeigue (4) € (13) et Bey) Te conver re la) re "Theorem 721, There amine Sambipoes epg (wth cto ceil amma wi array stn ich anemia [een wih ag ta ramos fe welt), Prof Lt we cone he gener L 2h cn be geet bythe grammar = (00), foo) (Cah. ‘Clearly he eanna mc ambiguous Lie ot nba -unbanee fen ith pest te mon ed le of cetera howe Si ee een, However the anginal ig. fad comer 9 ra rar (nC) th pone. ery toms Amt eof eo Fhe ij ios he sets nC tly ted i eto of ge of tmnt fe orn (ue) whe Ea “heme nt the wasn (0) and wring a> atch eat (uate see) The paar ambiguous: the sing then Lywe LINGUISTICALLY RELEVANT PROPEETIES arin eivaion we ap hin for w € A. Thi daton can be ied ying the ist Inte poston ai sett ean 40 a" we hve bie he ame sng, oi ambigan “tie eye wed deca mst oid with sng ote ages What me) © pore) Brae all cane oe ac lke wt tet ofthe fn 8) 2 Bene ling tte for bt arte a conte he en ESS] BI emt in toa hat (3) € ert) See neon ee eran we 4 Th etn a Baie ty gt 9) the (io one tata Wh alltel ig etl alla = oath? We have olan he sun string, ain tbe rama i ‘ADT ain tear se ety seter plg 0 , 9 "Theor 1.22 Thre are aval {embigeos langage (oh aed cabs yammar th stay cts) uch av asain (Coon wil apt fe amare th at hte) ‘Pro. Take he gn haa [nm 20), scan begat th grata Ga tae} teh he). a) ino cna oly oe cot) 20 2 and Dagon “Sn eo bn, conser an abeary grasa = (68) &,C09) eutung Pan the fro the sings, any ae al We ets otf oo) (9 Lech tat) © ath, EE ETE, ad (ote) © pleat), for ng2 Whom peering» ing tsssZo cg enugn and om wee tue both te sone mento SSStes bce ister abe jt (hey do ot wera) th PeSU kn aira nr nwa we btn wo detions Siesdcrel emplte eqn flr (poet we jb he MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS va sme content, bt hee the econ ile) Thies that mtn ih ings he angnge inherently anh © ‘Thoorean 1.23 There oe tren abivon lngeage (ol eet te onestn! gamers nib srry econ) nich te fed na Pro Come the gigs pda birt rma G = (00) A.C Pubs uch asics be eer oy ating om ig Sl wget a) whe (ave) = pt) thn wean be ent ieee sty enh ing, Geathe oy then Wc be assem, bt are) Ya) shen = 2 "Theo ever ne i sob th posite ed ove fo the conte (ar) ese) a tha slate king ong cough ing # Tobatcnstog to nbcheah(oo) snd (7 ane vd) ae ane yt nc ean sland (0) Comey. afr wg (ee!) ne an le Exelon ied ae gual (0) orbs tote amber | Sterne of te silo (0) emt othe sme of eens Ste yma rb he wo ets be diet Seen (he de SAC et oa att th) Comet "We the ede he to einige get et an swe exami the waren nth ely ow tae "Tadeo" A) © we) and Thee pte sortors = a wo have "The rng obtsine el the dein av diees The an language a be gente ty the ganar = 0) 4) 6a f0,29).100 (0.29) In ore to erate» sing M4 we have 1 wt the content (3) ad he ‘co cu n= etn he ott (3) hd he selec bec weet oe, Coneasely mene angus (end oe Shahigvus 5 Ike ao non whiter oF steer re aun which are arty ‘bambigaon and Toot Pananbigcu,o puts erent anton "Th tape proton ally ating We comes thatws LINGUISTICALLY RELEVANT PROPERTIES lngugee cit A patil anever (uprights) the ev "Thoreah1.24, Tere rer ambien ogee wth eet ened satnnlyommar wot oe Pro Coie he gue (2 (0 [ele a “tke a grammar (witht ses) G= (VAC) whch greater Ley se Pain Si wi bt cr to trae ech tings we echo ea coetert af one ofthe oa i) ait 20,08 eins 20.02 1 De, (oo, Sinn; i eer to ger the igs a it ein ore» > 1 Segre cvent fone otf 2) Wot) Woe), J jt hnh 20 (Wea, fain doh 28 5h sigs or anyon ofthe pone 3 ents we Aeace wc be bined tring om (isin L) And ining cal coke et above. Weean alo we cope. “te wring w = 6 inn L 0 ean be ota from we fy wing oly etd (ing amb tained yt pradig te al = (GAGES cata | ten mening et an 29 Taesane trang be ‘Simoqey i anbiare Corer wn iat Een be generate by maternal conta ee ee corns E> L(G) oe O= (lab tba es ft — MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS us ‘ec tht he Ingo id isthe pros of Thorens 121 and 123 are repr Chek rn, bot he agge in Thre 2.7.24 oe ‘Sut fee no eae. "fe ct tthe te gular anggs which ee inbeetiyantinos foc evo ones ih the fe ht repr Inge te eb ‘Shen geeicd it rgun gna ‘The cn be meprted the 2 Uh ke boon tai fr f= 34.9, eto ete The ae oncesion tae be tye fm he ol dow wich ah omc he ‘ion eter ngnges very enn fe langue GV" Veta nero! fas eambiguosangage, whey Innguags ch ae ibeenty 3 ‘ie een Prof Tab the apse [n> tu fet" [mm 2h (¢ |n2 DU Cone agange £7 (8) sch hal LE Ua ae 0 glad) ACS ntng Beene a Ufo ll 1th onthe te eh 2 Sa ree canten (Buh) ole for fa ® ko 0. The raga i'r Stee dover woe 0 iG. fore A. Tn rain {hte emu wa (yo) ae wat Soe oan the ‘Zaps, neh stl Cie ‘PSoleuue Coney (ad Lo) saheey abiziows, © ‘Of eu, the bone eat ae ee for and Bambigity 6” ie snd Esau, che nb poate by oe gamer © = (4), Gasiayine Dy. Arcpecte (hile the ae for contnt fg and fo eaten conta panama =e Tasen 70), te porta probe of hn ‘srg ao le wii or nota oben context) aa iP amfiaee ie no slasoe ‘tore 1.38; The ambi (of any tf = 2.345) of nema onl rns een hfe sletn 6 wea ‘oak wo abitary aps of omy ingore alpha tly rans) sil contre th cones rasan desde (8, €4 (5 C9 (SCS (5i.C0) = (ete rue) | St mb6 LINGUISTICALLY RELEVANT PROPERTIES 564) = Geren AA (succ4 = (oe bee) (O00) cas a nly ote! am er ig a ea we atti Cy he sig cen eee for E> 1.1 £4) Sb 5 SH Thao the production (5,0) em sen yee eth ath a, one 2 2 Mler wing he production (5,3) ice note pred (ecg ahem bead Tonateng of form Ter ne we ofS) (pein aa ae (844 fey tat zc fer 632, Tosudhastng no potato (SC) 4 # scan be wd, hal SE a Tilo none fe potion (81 €3), (SC) am be we wg om eee we can bi ig rod (83,2) cheat tnd he (6.09) ayecseb eceee6 b= we see is fort Wt Sip Sat SE Th wef (SC) mb eae ea for 22, Noproucton (Sy Ci). dns be wd on ach nsteing Wen owe (Sh chhons stent oe sweeten teh We fer #32 (5,65) an (SC) cua apie om we ig hoe curing he fo of ge fhe ic pew we ae Ct ae emt = apa a flowing a (a) ya oF in fr of wT ei ceed preach a, [MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS wr sik = (tie ne cnt ee to the pee (eave) ih AFB oy ad of th form owe Ti ane uo cea a eee. 0, RE SSSR Se a maertns trie Moe succct ab ‘yes el, moiontharlsjaicnats Semin Sea a Se ————— nib mecimminiee anaes eee coeemmeesan oes ence fh for fy and tog Bee ers tem wah 2 “ak tay) a he atn oa ion to de pat Copa Potion, ehh ane oho nae rn < {wrt nig wee ago ve te saa hn tow a gee te Cag eae forall ¢. Specifically, we bave. ‘ ‘ws ‘Torin 7.27 1 Any language LG 4 anambiuonsvos LINGUISTICALLY RELEVANT PROPERTIES 2 Any Lnguge La Sembee nd only se 0), A.C) ain (ambien) doy se idaho nae) le eter onto arbitrary ran cnn We do ao cats Here inks the ao he post. Psints 1 and 2 ate cerca ofthe ft toler lng ce Wh Stes nngune inte Jt (Te 2) empl that eon ‘then ating eon seen aag)-bot frou couh ts tenn inti pe Sati) Soya th {Rapes foi ranambigons and aly cots ony one cone, Sed Pang i an ol oe te next ee olde) thee {Gig nick canbe cand fo sient sion 2) Gi Tanda, {arte ss eoneat stated to vo rn seers ‘The quar (ween antigay and rah rece eal baled (oe ender ca eta (1) et tom ur oo ame Ape of bg the trons ambi, the dence by he fellonag pl! ane he pe (2). A. Coo) (0) Soo se Ctr ign. Wig, Jou Ca? The parca, Supe [Lhe rtd she creeped ow mee prwe, The ple ‘Set bof thon bore are 2) Joon te (9) Joon sts Cot (4) Toe os Cnn ign. The pose (6) doen sec ng ie not aceptale. Tht meas tat cur ram we cn prode thes Ge fa aon) Joo see au me hve che context {Gc ire ramping) wane tn me ean poor oly the fling Jom ss = Jan set Coron > Jn ses Cres sig. Joa ste Jn tet snging > Jun oes Carne singing NANCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS ray ‘5 tpi singin) nt ped by Je ss. Te wit ef () ova we conde the conta (h, Ca) (2, Ct tape) a ‘info Ja sere he tres ere wes (3) (2) 0) a ove tn bo ewe wet oe Waring sng and two Seiad Ge ‘he i uae df nts ane Tre tina ‘ge of ype whi diferent fom the abguty conser Above, ely ‘Seer fr langage hay “haste ilowing essary cca ake an nail digs nay cf dein the opamal ratmas Ws angung ena fe ve io ‘if anger ante rata y to Aen ote ge te "ited tobe ninealy naan “Teo proba se ee Te co cen th defn of ferent fsammars Foe teil paar thi err Chota ina ean “fen ven afer rng th eterna Nesey etn cringe etn a otal fama. Pt hee we tt ‘eer hh a gry pio wach“ gai Seon ‘a scale eat) can be aod sac ce: ol one comply annette be erie (ad here th te bigs defied ‘rope te parce) eval pun whe ne The we shall ey consider the sco state fo nen eontentat frome, tat i ne snowy oot the parame Ae and Co om Serdon 7 The combine AeCon comply of legge wl be AzCon{d) = (Aarce(L} min(Com() | L= L(G), AR) = Ansett lly, AsCon() = (Arcc(E) mfr wme m > Cone), cme we "hanno bch opal wth ape oC on opin Taek ranma Gach tat Aeon) = (As(G). Com) = bn ie ssid to he AsCon-ptna rf Wo tne te tof al uae cunt ample The guage = at UO" canbe pred by Gm (oA). eh (a), AxConcplinal, beans in eas to we that Aeyc(L) = 2, (0) = 2, so AeCon(t) = (2), Tho, Ge Aeon E). On the ‘ter hand, ie wny fone the of Auton WL), then a ae "an the aan) on fhe ena (0) a) de ih ents (3b) Than, Acton) cot eae ie rami,a0 LINGUISTICALLY RELEVANT PROPERTIES A tugunge entail Anon ambien if ari Con") 22 a gocal it cenAeCon(Q) =H #21 ston we oy a is iinally ArCon ambos of dpe I Abe oe sei itn me tue Lean int ee of igs ‘Thorean 1.28. Bury file lngage AzCom namin: ee if Degrees ho fil deer Prof Te s nogunge £ & V*. Ew fie, hen eve rene = (UeacCogh sk that C= L(t hs ae Fe oy Sail Sti ware tte then iets sygey: Hens avery forall 1 (Gor eat Gs spear reo thon hang the eae {ited engage teri AesootE) = ai), Comrec(L) =O, Ther ‘lacy ane rsmae wit (Aa) Co) = (ear ).0). Hence Le st amigos eta, the 1 (fa amas G = (VAC) ach ae tet urs) ¢ Coe f and SUL) (ue) © oa) be 2 (en sy oo Then yeeyage Ural 63 ie tenis he os = (0 A.C) ¥(e) =e) ore feed 2h. Westen) = otewe) — (un), bd > We hae Ln(G) = bg, te wf 4) in Castine wih the scetee wg 2 1 {thie thee), cn Be iad i by win Gio amecd wt ‘The grammar Oo hese ype a: cons ine paar acted ih CPP (9) Seg cider sho Wow, cm he waa he canna (oe) we Sienna = ACop9) #21 nla) = ee), fore gwd 12 1 iver) = e(eue)Ul(me)), rT Sisk We base Lil Gh) = Lal) = Lal, An(Gy) = Ar, Conca) Con Wan teCow psn pina fr Le Gi A2Con oi, MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS 0 minor opumat, Hence Gt, ae dos pasa ein Pod "Any smo prams Gy. #7 at il. Hea Lhe ine eg oft gy. “The previour lc be atarpednsowing tht ou atin fini sc aay ilo wa al te ar sl ne Howser, he oti fintinc ambit te with wha happen in gular langage the te itty nage pata nang itp manga an dtd by ng mia (ce be eeber oe) determi te oraon Maree tb el above lo the itaation natural gs nich sz Anown tobe gly sbi oe sic om th ue 2, Invra ete langage hve been red above ob highly igus (em the pt few nsdn hr) Ta ull eh a ‘nix grammar aan adatom lang 7.6. Introducing a Structure of Generated Strings From a iguitc point of vw, nwatigating nl the ng anges gee ‘ed by pet Caw of guts tt tmnt, a's Secon tbe Social ith sng For cotter pam ich © etree pov {6 y the Serato we in TA he strut poe, ng (he fro tes Th dct i cote gana doc ok dey frotide a despot tre trang maybe te way | inte wana hh nnd ance a fag Ball ome san sat tare eh ho te ‘ingested ty kcal orang the eral mode Theat iden ute natal and art fm the serio tt 2 sosting pentane to contest, we af sf a fai 1 Seaing” i am oppopie may te patents srapandg te ed "We maith en allows, ee us code the badte | aed dente by B= (hi ‘Te Dyck langage oer Biles Dy, Renee rn Capes 2 that De fa be die ws thet al sings Bh tha 2 hy ge eweing rl eed pot rede ([— ‘Conder the poetons ppm deed om (VB to VB, epeeua LINGUISTICALLY HELEVAN? PROPERTIES ivay by melee Benen nating © € {VU "ia to Bea Dyk covered tap fz =e" by retain te of he fo fo) = Ac we For instance = (ll 9 = ole) me = el re Dae oer stg thet one b acl toby ig test thee) — A TRESS cng me ow pete of th lee tht sing xn be Sect ty te tie mae em then te le [A howe, SOINGn ad fey me ot yeh evened teins in the Rt ee he xaience be eye eauce be removed the ead no the Ba ‘Serco (eaaot be enon) ‘Cy 2 (VURY a Dyk coved ing, sen pos) € De Dye cove ong € (VU) eld to bea minal Dk coveted sing i owing conton bi 1s ta meee with 9 €(V UB) al 9 Vth 23 = 2: he edt le [] + ated when ding # Conlon 1 fe he sing bone, condition 2 fest sing 4, Ice the stings eat ny Dyk orl, the ong #2 oO ‘We este by ALDC(V) the langoge ofl minimally Dye ved tinge ova the apa “Toma teng © MDC(V) we ait ee rs) wth lable ese nthe flowin my ~ dave dot pring the tf he the er lB erste scrotal do ~ sun he othe ght ae row re) sang th ling french msi vein fw of thw EY (eae ale w we finde [er eto sno egy, tng inthe cae pt eye eon hoon eae ‘nc th gt had fhe arent coneated ~ fneach nial €¥" ot eae ye hence tr wd {aes w= hand to eo] ne hve btn [eo ne 21 deadpan) msi he cree ie, Wei ‘Wen igh ae MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS as Sra facts abt thi cnsrction ae worth retin 1. cate fr 2 € MDC(V) we hve pals) € Dp, which pc tht = ‘ca te sae aber of ocrene an fila tht the ‘aso tp dom ul ate suber oe ap eet ‘crit ise coli th toto te te Aol a abd of MCI) wih w € hn thew tat ig nos) marked wih w on et hand se thn ch fanaa bores = edge in ra coeponde to a ohn rue ace in the rele ich adie ad wt phd ete "le em] necator a Mh een Need n-2) med wih on bth sid he ido the fe ha nin Dyck cv aig, he to ooh Tigute 12 Example a a trate oe 1m cre itt etn ad he a ore, ew ci ‘sams exanpe thee sanajndig ie “ (eho)ne LINGUISTICALLY RELEVANT PROPHECIES (ei i cnt in MDC) vse in ign 72. The oe ae ‘Simsed nto of praca te 1 the 0. wet fc th thee eter these ine ae ig thc a any noe a he ng. al ‘Mtn a ing of 2) corn to he rae “pee om the 1 SSELEPT alin tty etn Ghar thewel-Enown rae oping Sx SPaaces want ec: pu on eft atom he wal and hsp ang) ‘can sow den wo psec ene ga braked ote G= AGEN lS) sr Va pte, A ite be of MIC), Se. Vs am Cae Whats et Vo Gay fora 4s cay > “The comet of ar ae was, the sta Sage mie, the pi (5.2) soe retin. Wotetint be sacra te sonst coe GFpmbols tf th ene minialy Dyck over tn When the etetee 5,142 mate angen fargo ha a ‘ce "The dian alin i fi (he neal content oe) a lows ie sy (VUBY weve emtay ME em neste y= nines, rhe og (V UB) 2) €MDCU), a8 prvled © 8, CC, forsee 1 SiS Notas ipertan etait: the elect sting ito Stat es yosene ine dene sing wacked ch ay ths » il Dyce ag tained, emma 1.6. 2 my i = blll contre yrommer G (SUE Ga) ead MDC), ten ye MDE Pra Ase shat = every y= slot fr (0) C8 viele Ses m fen sene BC{Y, we be salernieg = alles 21", yg he ection ele ur] — A Contouenis, ¥ MIDCIV). © CCorotiry 7.2. Consider face omen! grammar 6 oe. If SEN ee dawe MCW), ‘hie coal we wo ely dfn the (eive td) tse one ft aon "tn vara in eke ao he elector ing f th ra [MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS A libata cytes grammar comet Ga WAKSiC SCD wht V isa alpha, Aina ie ate of MCW), = MDCIV), and Gite ena fc" Ga) foal Sa: m2 1 Boer y@ MDC) we dete nies p= efeitos, wares ye (UB) 2 © MDI), a Fe Slee) Cr, rsome SFL (Asconting a Cony 7. th eon abe etn) “The try Lene gener by 9 bckted enero pana (ANS Sasa ned by (@) = pr) | 2g, fr sme» EA). Motcoer, we can soca 1 he belted ageae Bl) de Bg @) = Horo su) |2 2 frm = € A “The slo fw bated cotta gun te agg ove wes th ype the Chomaty har a i ache cation of Tonge ila ater lilly baste grams the resets ae Imperial whe dicoing the tp of he sector Coaer fo Ita (ee grammar eth Ufa. Evry ome eer cones langage frie but ublnguage ef (2 8) an bf a) type the Choe [Sec "in prc ane sont fe an ep” Tfre, fapeot ecter 5 (VU) we comer he pe a he rejection Fo) (Gh de back re ered). er emmy del wih weak geaeaie capacity of braked co ‘esta laning bene wth te lngegy Ly () We dense by BICCTF) ‘Se tu angge great yeni tera grarsmae wih tan by BTCC] they of Inguge generated by Tally brake {ed costal game ith Fehoe We mie hte only hoes Pern. aecy aie xing thief ee fils oder on example = (adc. (te abate (0.9 "Thine aly red) context rama with ie in "the mon ca Healy py any fe to produto (otal =. obra. > (aielel = rosin. m=ue LINGUISTICALLY RELEVANT PROPERTIES ‘The emcond_piduton cannot Ye applied to a sting of he fo {ESOPLELOelin uth fn pdt an be ped og the for (6) 0 1 ecg or Toeaoy al = or oblo OI" ‘There, oF al) = feb mam 20) Aerie ivan ofthe sting = (lea (alee) mba Sn loeb) Se llojoena “Too fats ae portant tobe phd ee: 1. we define the dealin wih eset fo erated anes thar ar ins ola nrg the bret then se devon ln byl thine tat ns he aks re te no oni ‘Tht a wc oa in ti te ‘Sa tether lnpage cent ty or mal amma ened {ign the ats appearing a and fing che Seaton ‘he ul ode Thr surason il bo steed below: Ifsetingw € MDC( igen by abraceted context gamunar {6 en the saccade ro) protien ay pss of inemaion ‘lout the ern af the mtn the et egy te ‘Sin dyes he making 0} lhe si tie hod ands on he gh bad) ae co tatoos th sing pry} ln ested y 1) inet fom he enn (he xin et eG thee erasing) sw bain the fling eon: amma 1.7, FIN ¢ XI ray ‘Theindusons FIV & XICE(FLN) and ICCUREG) © CS ae vine 1y ope Tammie 78 BICCIP)S PBICCIE), Fe (FIN, AECL Prof Comite a inhi grammar & = (WAYS (Su: Ca) veTgin, Westnet the fly basted rane = (7A, ah whee (w= MOOW) |yrtu) es. 1g8Em os, x eB, CPI) © XICCIREG) © senna sciatic “The equity L(G) = L(G) inion, Beate pry (S) = pret) = Se SP, Mitton a the tw gramme G0 hve mcr ofthe sie . the dvton nc ha we on rte language ich anne be pened show thie sta. Hamma 7.9. BICC(PIN)~ 10048 Pro. Comer he grnnar = (a8 (oh (0) {80} (8) 8) {a teapot send asm, eet (9 =e la) =e lle ee MN, m2 1 (at) ela ne lan eee an ‘Toasting of ef Mal > 1 mec py the ond producti (on ang ff (9) I we canola the et prouctin teen i ein wD hh ak ua) Webs that thi lnguge mtn ICC (he pot of ems 61). Ae the env of he previo lout fr he ca of REG he [Lemma 7.10. /CC(REG)~ PBICC(REG) 28. Prof Ue os comer the ngage = (2 | msm > 1 Buaple 4 we bate we nt Io€ FOC(REG). Aman that = L(G) fro Enc ee (88 BC) In edt to gevate ring inLofthe om 46% wih sis lagen i ae omen cote ofthe form ac wah > thus pod Sigs in MDCIV Jet em ese Bee ears © MDCTV) 242 MOC{T) tons tht wo tent Sn be je os eetor ving) tet anating, bene mck aa ang ty yeh mee ‘eng: Howe, such comet aca cre ease Ch ot ureters 6 and Slay ret te geet tng in ie tied" wh ebany age m ne have to we sone of the fre (rt) wih 1 as podveng singe af the rm rend Nona je Go «wltorcentiing (Vs setting long eh ‘eu cry ioe tonne the cero ere an Ula |n> thus LINGUISTICALLY RELEVANT PROPEICTIES CConeauenty, see en cosas ath tha ech ing aed" generated ‘icin rh thm ‘iNatanwony soe ge theca 2 (C} econtenicony, Heo Tersiccikecy ° Syesing he ia,m btain the owing Ys ‘Thora 7.29. The digram i» Fg 79 hls, here om ero from 6 famiy Pts fanly Fr nde he caton FSF rome Jamies ch oe ot kd ya ni gra we ‘etatanip compre ‘We do not intone yf the mek generate power of) rake tad total grammar pele Fala to be tl For ita eupctr that PBICUPTN (mage io PBIC(RBGY onan ony ‘Sat fe gna va Qo a \ gas 7.2 The ae fait of aga (forte by bcd cotta amare Hoving ote aneciatedtox derivation tally sgt to ae when ening the gy tesa tec eosin ean gs sea on i sis [MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS w sammie mignon steing x € L(G) whic can be great In by deat ning lene errant (Comider, or tone the language =a" In Thotes 7.21 hase sora ta Li heey ambiguous wake eu ah th coven ten ed ell ete ero ing ey the by ‘Sood ifm igure te oder of tang the pecans {Leiner “Sniguon, bu Snag "The the ce an when taking it aout the te sited 1 © 2. bE fC (999) oot ee orm erate), mam ‘he oe atc 10 sh tng with n= 2 nd = 3 pet ia PiaeT Figure A stracaete ciety to me ha he th sip of he place of he sed slats inthe ioe srg rene ater! eatin eating er ite i th td a habe “The say of th aight of content] gam dengan bad onthe te maid loner rn be ul oe FO ‘Sethe bere ambigon gigs er ths pu of view? We expert {stems snes. Tn gener, thee of he drain te 9 sours finan sat eter the moses ring eae wm more ope0 LINGUISTICALLY RELEVANT PROPEICIES MARCUS CONTEXTVAL GRAMMARS a ‘Wee no dy to tet cond pe of cnet gana se \oinolur suc te gtd wet ‘enn a= AP) Ansther gst of stactaring th stings cones Inguage 0 enter pendant eet fe hid een net {Puc n acpine opus (for ttn, Chapter Vo 10) ‘ef ul sane bse ena shoat rated ig fom (10. Contes nphat Vad wating #€V Denote arta tg ora tetera re eres aaa ‘fata ace cy etn aed tne rt aa mie eee nee ferkeroniese pce los Scaggs Ble Me) A eatin pe © Me) = Mle) = (0) 6 Mle) i alld dpendene ‘nti (ene Api aps) th 2 € "tl pn dependency lation a lls vate ny atu te he eng ne frm 2 = Saja se) forse) Z's mn es po, he wey tha SL) teensex) Ua ent yf he teste are of eatin Pict jhe wey tht i serdnat o 0) Wh eructned sting (ep) cat etna rp foray wing Ie Comets nd drag reo) 20)) 1 ‘Atroured ring ee) ellos mp seed stray, sot 0 simple te ong tv pope al he dy € Me) eck tat) depends on mo one J fg each j € M(x, 5# ye a Mie) anil dlcrind ach HAC depen ah ss ~ frac j © Mle). 5 # to) sori oa). 3 “The aa.) ech cater of oon othe peiatine len fu seince I enya tat dependence rion sae {o'ranple sing dred by oe mah the ot sed bythe et of Cearder stead sing (pe), 2 © Ve = my ond 9 bing ye Sota) he mst sft ete by ay heed nde tthe ling ay Figwe 7.5: Example of stuctaed stage eerie tfnctrroedcomseal gma 2 fos) = AAD) alt Date 1) lah SS we do ps U8) | em MN ed ALA me f(hon Whe efi Ht (ii sc ee ing ee wears} Note that sono ne el sly ihn amas wih faite sto con hw an nye aoe “Fe eat ran i ed (ny fr ated ig) millon: for(rpahtoumhesve Ph me we cate for ey.29€ "and (0.0) eeme LINGUISTICALLY RELEVANT PROPEIEIES rh nt ye = fy A Phen = singe eng with the cer (ot he strstr "obedient ted ty ye do the eile pendence nt ane ae cde wien bing ‘SuTIne deie tycan te dt damete of 2b the er {ss prep say dependences fe leo ing 3 "Fhe stay anya goat by Ge jwe Vee) 5 “The tengnag of raced ings rst by apna a ove 1s) frome 0) ©) Stin(@) = {pe es) a (8), ese (40) A ett mse ae example: Hoth anna 65 = Cah ed fC, 1.1L A) lee (2.240.399) Lyla) = (ote [2 1), Stas) = (oP int 1942429] SS AN [n> th “The tse ings genre By ae repent in Fg 13. he arsed san rte by Ct pe ngs nie secur oi ht nar He poe the rer eens of 9B ‘rtm ig ha nao wove gue 7.6 Bape of trac igs enero tpfsevuctaed comes gamma) i ( | i & i MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS ws 6) = (abe toeh a) = (0° [m2 Sls) = Hera Ain hoya bane 2= BL ‘One ses that and ate men que they gee the ae ing Iaagange, but ty ae mot sogly ural, te ste othe ae ‘es Feud by Cn yan etal Fo snc, is he ‘Neue tected by Gy mr alow a iar 7.6 We gan ota single ‘Wen, Se bt the he dewibing th struc sing the ‘epmacatatin bon a pla "Thee agg to consider tes of eae conta rman he bea haaietion othe gph act to the peated Sings "huss snr = [V4 P) wed to be comet simp ener {Tike pane wesc tonto dcbing Oe cacao the ne trond by Ce sometd te nar (he te sang wien 0 Arona ne, a ts), pect Metent, we can tm the previous pero aetna pate wor, reign he ngage TESTE Set} ely te ructe) sens ww Ste graph fw he Pores hated shove OF sume, say ober atts cn be dee Festane ws cam conn the wes taper of rapt progesis fete sng ands ny netted Chapter VE of 18 2,3) les 2.9.2.3) smb) 0 CA Mary had the oie gue 2.4 aarp age ‘We sb noinveigate hse th sis of seed conta rn tna at sal iy dts he ceneton with ae pty oF ‘ing rte of 3g sly teed, ly te Bk 0 ‘nor 0 etn alee Ft 17 prot aca ‘nepal fe Ata tute oh Inks (eae sai ore aes ng.mm LINGUISTICALLY RELEVANT PROPERTIES Worden be nk beth to the (be eg of ie” and moi in fe tamp ad the ight (eee oa wade ut movi and hy ‘simp nke (eee fe and of Seve), These abled sh the crepe pac pstsclld ee contctor: Fo oes A Zana fr arte "isk gemma deed by 9 dean comprising a voabary ant “etiom ft ecole mote lee ns deribe aw he wore a nage Scie, 2 rd eon given we of ‘Act Each dj rpm by es ree at psn ee tied hep eecroes tr ha a & anton fe Ul atahbtatecnennP Dh rare te connect anda ih coat lb sh wo hepa ke to other wend uch a, ‘cnt for, the pre etn rat, the wel mde, sd Set connecter fat it lake wih igh comectorof «wor plead tet than} Wen theft Unt or ch word the pas we st ‘hous dguie and ten wench he cnr ‘Snageie al and oly ie fbwing onions te a nh onan ofa wot w {Recerca ae ilo mode whan datas Scene, lis withet nb cam be mcm Coie the phe Macy ed th te, Jot eth rove The Ms oeaence ‘Sophrne (May ed ce sew sores "isha Ie thee movi") he ‘ore ning rps bo, the mle pre Beret ag | ie nlow aml ink beer te ace weeds "ovs™ and “Sob (Ce sonnet endo}, Tso appt oe oun Pgue1.5 7.7) that stead contestal pate proc asttrct fsor ihe ey sind ings = et crs kage Lt sami ath of the er code mento Connectisity. he grea GG sove pode cnet traced ton en the depen tins appearing the oc ss staid Scalp or an yb sg) ace : MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMIARS ns stentred asin ep) Sl) red by enmetd raphe? (We all {i pen the covert tem) The aewer ait, roving that ede pommar, that» gram oc at as oduct (Ge, AvP) reduced if french proction ((0)iPue) © P there ie IReacturel sting (erp) © Stn} te Ua fe) ote (sh) BF Hs aor 7.30. The cnmctiny poten i decide fo rdace strut wae) Prof fee a reused sacred oneal grammar 6 sonra tt YP) rected sigs tee ach proton (stevehnon) im Poe cour te eymbal yand we toc ie Lee) th pa ptr te ye obtained orm pre by repel neh at on a tng yt foreign wel a Site ty an aes om oy or ending hoy,rpecl Toe Sonera vio hee me dont ops in ond wa. (ere rap use oro tos graph ving ely oe nde make ‘SaP idee mae with sont 2 te grap compen then) “Gat, pye Bo a any ene ur (remeber hn rl = cen pat ent pang oa) hee M(P) bs ay Sate oP hence MP} ane me of card rn “Astron. Th et SiG) cnnine oly anit nce ‘ny AAI) ones oly tonsa rng 1 Roun tat all rice wings AMP) a omc. By ingaicn oe eng fs tio foe ecard sig Sty) acne, Thence ico oder eth ae the Dom a coeected Cir eaton ste ol =i eh {Eat (oop ected, Beene sy yy forse proc p= {ens (eeh ml Pe he (pe) € MUP) conned rated Na Bos Sant of waded by palin ge toe Tie “spuds to pal fe whch sac emt oo Yo ent ikea t's pth inp (cmt all pl py aswel ml pa a ree) [ow tha ab (2p) ena ‘Oniy Heal shea of Sly() ae sonal, te obi lel rote A, which tof Sa() ae cme, Suppo tat ee Ie pa (ue pe) MCP) which nt ceed Bermce tho tar cl arent poorton 9 s(t) ed a2 Mesetion tp (es) =v a.) sth (rr) €Slag(Gh rm the hypox hei me be sisted with Ce) sma Beeae (yp) 9 tonmeics teen deo teach ot ed byw pal re argsvos LINGUISTICALLY RELEVANT PROPERTIES The ao ba hs dent of alot ean any ant Sian nae nase (ie the deception of ich oesponde {he imomtoned dation eps, py) comet, tat Shani) ‘Shi unsoneced sucess the ata ‘Sltmpton We sonide tn leet o MCP) ae comet Tecsrs AUP) wa fle ea algal hee te, ‘he eyblom renin nom to dei whether or nt gv atte coment amar edad Ae nee won Secon 6 he ent nari Mow ht he ol ngs cna eile Pie bch dy ans gpl The eal sa 1S (alien [non T) ean be gored a eu may by a era ‘omit pom ik rgaar neo (example C10. Tat why the [anos prety ot tn nea he en eninge SU the dei pro ieeaing mnt ot fea noe a eto Sa hod yaar ea? oats om COrserng. In resto cm bo this openy me cht ie sn slab i at ommctor ahd osm, ‘ere or oman Sttare cota sense ih ‘Gren et ef aunts nat begin They lok ome [Sin iatlving eth ete a ak gramme ond of conta gma feocainng ech of the pent gratia Wrexpet» my ein (Gre eerste Ingrop).Su,pobaly an adopt mca fon Ungu poit of vew Ecelonon. This propyl fr stated contest langue in an cus wayne ha oma ety) debing th dependence ‘tn Spigot wk) ol ea ui ‘ow yl rate al ning the new spol fo rach ctor oF {orang seabos Comaualy, i aca nvr cone the tbe 0 ‘bale save necmary,apecaly or chet the teflon f the hind of ates Ice bw nicl pit few istic Noes, Then 73m Seton 12 hdc Peed ee el pe sete (hat nmr shi te oe wind [Ce or eds Sn ee eae ett oc ck sacar fe emacs TSuand' hag tae Soe ees tea iy Rr ena tee wacky mca en nes hte ees eee eae ce en Ein Se acetone yp Sei ltrs teen cine Daren tansearcbanwtee ed atten Sedna nl ng i See cf auirend oeal emersioee Ciara vo) tha sah toe ce gt a ema ‘igs el iin a eed cl Sag ‘etait fed cmc pm he Fe cere open iene me teh Femotan ann sci a gdh ‘ait i a es #2 oh on icine estuary| : : ! I I i i | } } i CHAPTER 5 GRAMMARS WITH RESTRICTED SELECTION ‘A deed in Seton 4.1, ctetual grmna hav a “nfitie® dei tite the mle nap the Sein preetation dele fr al ling nV" (cepacdighy the oeetor athe ofa pesaaton ct Bett Homeve he no "pat upp or a [fowl nton of ote ranma (on the mapping on elses) ‘Svan. The mat staal to pore eran ula niki ef adaton. Atte ced often te rely cere {he tue nbn te stony regu ng fly, ween inthe 8.1. Definitions and Basic Results Fatty intting ae the aes when the sletr ate te of tpl Tnngoge lease pst can hen use a alti) West Sr Reve by ouieing ater wr) sai with lec an the tp in the Chay hea Definition 84. Let Fhe vo faniy of eagonge A contest ta saath Fiction gains = (VA (SeC GSC) Se Fetoral st We dete by ICCUE), BCE hii eas ea he Pens Here Fl brow fh ais FIM REG.CF. C8, RE th fraps on Fe (PIN, REG). ‘Many af the xaplon wel inthe pois capers ae grammars wth F hole ity Fe [FIN-REG}. On the ter han, ICU = FECCAR) aad ECC = COLAND): hee, ]CCKFY © ICC and BCC(P) © BC, fr a10 (GRAMMARS WITH RESTRICTED SELECTION fun Thea ll cay cenion fates ICC wd ECC kd tre an for POCA) and BCC(P, openly So of hse condone ve tne nef artis ECCUP) ood BOCUE) th pater FF tae, mehave the ling comer of Lei 3 min 81. ILE VL 6 ICCUPIN), then thee ar tre constants gr oeh at eury 2 tel pom be een the oom s = wes, Wine e Fh choal eq er sad weap CL for al 0 Pro Te aoe whe poof Lens 88, hing» = no | 6 s(Si0)e Ph rs gnimat G=(V8.P) wa ate seein Thefilwing lati an beely poe fr RE wee oe the Tag curt thea), Lemme 62. ICC(R) , ECCIF) SP for P& (03.8. eminn 83. 16 ICE(REG), EC BCC(RED) A eat, he towing isi racy els Leanne 8-4. ICC(PIN) © ICCIRBG) € ICCICE) € FOES) c soot Pro. Tenens ae cn (O) Pores grr y= (adh fated faba ahi. (00), se ve Ln (Gi) = (P4986 |n.m > 1), Thi anguge doen ve th Tropa i Leen tHe Gy @ HCC UPEN) and FCCCREC) = Teer ee (2) Conder the conta grammar G i Hampi 45, Section 42, ih we wl denote by Gy ey te tht bw 8 CP sli Deli) © ICCICP) Aare thot Ln) = L(t) fr fame Geiteh (SC). (Sy Call oar sae STS Sn it i en am in Ade in When we ‘itn! > m, tn thee es het poe oly th site tlh inet in Ina) a contrac). There, ah infitermber of Tring he on a mo above tai sting em sings A ‘heen Wokaseaahs ams Come deeaten sep he the fuse ocuenes of ead auch a sing, 62° nV e ean ys 1 Cl the ft rng 9 te Ln, alo hve am. Thete Se content (0) auch that (2) © SP) te mbes cn (8) me (bande 1) nan nts aber of Poon nH] The MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS a it at poe when; i eat, contain, Conquest, Ln) € TcC{HEG) aad CUP) TCCLREEY 8. (6) Poe the arse 65 = a.) fbr), (8) (8.09), (0). C00) enh") n> N60) onte | t) U feetare| nm 21) fetta elma 142 2 (tering the content 8), th contest (no ange appa This Mfc tor (ee hte ths sonst canbe ted ly er ng the Contato) soe | ‘ioe tht Lala) = L(G or any © = (80) A. (SiC Ss Cail th cote tee an Sy © m. Conte the stings ft oa Oe aS Reine them af ones ee fr ge im weciot hives mbes cata Hone w mu be pode om atnng 2 cba. Tere esi ee) © lel fr fe] pene) In thei cee tan a have aoe ie Seabee orally > tha predig nigel re es a ‘Seven ese an aiery ie ocean ego ‘fore cotat-oe Sy mum ahohavein singel hp 22 4 feta ith athe rat the cal wah deri ad leew ewig drat wen can pl ablangge of) ‘Ton eat ea ceo en ning a (a) an poor Ineonctuon, Lat) @FCC(CP] aad ICELC}~ FCCICPY (4) Fors Ingunge LC V*,L€ REC, and wo symbol ent i comcast i he ooo Lem 8 1) 61 = (VU eA foue| 26 V) (eh Qa) 4 VACHE). (Cs) Lal Ge) = {eWV* foal [12 Le {1CC{CS) (amin 83) In cencane, FOCCRE) A si icy xi Oh tra ae Lemma 8.3. EOCUPEN) ¢ BCCIREG) ¢ ECCICF) < BCCICS) ¢ ect: a (GRAMMARS WITH RESTRICTED SBLECTION Pr The BOC(PT) funy contains nly ate enusges 50 the is inn sy reper (oho (Ab ((4AY 10.2) 0) {0 a= (6H [nh Webove Lf) = (6° (ale) Tinggi wo in BCOUREC, to may hg a See etc) uh tat fe) ~ Ee) sae See Sai Mn we Clo 0) oe Mac 2G ee) ne nn nro tc of te fn ete sl ght angie) sh Seta aden’ ch ht ns) Cet 2-2 einer tor weekain chm ft beste ay oa ahah we Tpit lean ue) met pods rate seag) ower ely itp term coe ee meta te Mee Mae) ‘Soto inns ume os ft m= ue agen = foe HO) ALAA AAD Ei (EO B= (ere jaz 0, (nce oon te stich tion ECOICA) CBC), Tes sone ie opens nA CS, keg mo he at tht the CS funy done ner a al ef eri, (6) C8 me wok Giunta CCS contention, Thao th hat eas pope wel TW ieoine 82, BCCICS) CCS ° In Corll 6 we pointed owt hat REG G COUP). Antherit seating lah etwon ay of tet angnge (gered {Emus oer) and» nly of ngage he Chomay hay (gecrted by ange sortie sng Tema 8.6. BEC(REG)¢ LIN. Prof Conner» amt = (WA SC Sko Ge wih oar scone 1 Fm ke bie nia nt saa er) Mago Ff auh dat = Ls, 1 (PU ora th n= aes (Gira cattel rmar eer ten nh Prof Bo the dtc, ys) Si. Bence then low fom bp ya.) mth fos or eb & Sara gm no te ha pig ee oa ofthe matching ra fon these) mich ley freee ‘Pua A= (Va) he “Two aon str Me = Vt = 12, ae si ob ea it ond ony = Ud here ote ey Ky oe tha 1. sve) a 2 bina) =o HE lot) A, forall nc Ys and all Le boa ite tof wanton yee ne the rae alphabet V. The store, Sense (7) est wo anion sens wich 1. Taig seaptems detest by ating ay at ni ance foe M = (Kan) and 9 © Ky we deli ele) GET 4 hte Hs (0 eH there ou Ve that a) =} (lhe at ai ater each sand és eV ic Uy Pea) =e) forall © apd alla (ie nition 98 Ra or to train pte Mi = (A Vang) = 12, Wo ree We prose of My lye wanton saan fy 0 My = (Kr Gennmahtsay shure Kix = flown) [threw © 0 neh ine Dilan) = oy and nsee) =) (eat py te ‘tae os; the wo eatin gles he sane ig Wepand anak) = Clay dla for (oe) eee Hearse propetin fte epettins eam B11, The rect prodc is onmalaie ad etePy GRAMMARS WITH RESTRICTED SELECTION Pr hielo dey nh nn esa fe ton xn B12. IM (Ven) = 2 ae onto tens ot Prof. Thisfllow Sty ram the Stine te aqui of tanstin yea tn om th ta ach Mederma oa ‘Conllny 84, Evry Me l{7) of te orm bi, 2 Me Mista lorem 21 My €T, an ate of My, french Temi 813, Cinna yim AM = (1 0,8, there ite sunier af ermine testo hese andr rnon ose Sree tt Prof Mi the uneying tation ese of ite automaton Mf and any if M= (Selene Fs) ah BH Hace hee ae P= ach ooata (ne be ale tase F ° "The fling ret pla crac lin tbe prot ofthe ang nora fo hore Lemme BL 7 6 fst f amin ose then aT) fae J) as © Ma, 2 oe Prof Lt (Ma nts ah ss fy and lt Calf) Aeodng to Coan the protege €- fe afeome m > Teenie 7 sb tml nih tegen Cams tbe nl state of Ma Gnubinr stoning) Mee gic © Ra fore 1S my ‘Chim, For kand oh fal | 2 be = mg we never eat & Prof of he cai. Aa all M, & Tate determin wl wt = fyjem dation Salons 9} = halts forall €¥* (tt happen on cori in ein, Toes we ‘ae dean nop om Ry teat fiat oH, tne Ky of (rm tbage, ty sais ot Aida) oe ago) (ne ap the corinne MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS. tw Coneaveny Miso to trast pen wich in abate of ‘he pre mgt lomente 7 oneneing teat ha ne na Th chi ips ha every Yn ca ap the pce My mot ca) sand th coat ms Realy Tha, ech M6 of) watson of x poe My 8 Mh sm Si eh ion eo) ei 2 Werle ow the operations fr ein e{) tthe constuction ese sien ae ee 8 9,840 ne Hemi 845. Let n= (S(t) = (Sul) ke pects in tcontecnel rommar @ = Uk Fea mg neon 1 te desig mtn no of Ett a stats MiaHfreorcng Sy ont nape The ivan atenson et {ng na} nh a ang tn ee Me oe of mt Mit) B= (Ki 4). LAM" = (Vn #8) Be det te nonston ei bas) Siete hee Heo Hous) | there eV ot hat (405.8) tse) = a) (cl pat tts race by the sue pt word in G4 sin 1s fom ya 26 = (ns sen (sen) ie Hoa Chat Ha) = ae Tanoing the tal san of MY, we ain anton pte MT wich eth te Mette) =e By ence tbe eM 228) =e . set etn 4 = (Su) 1, tn ganna ith Sei 5, C5. a an “We ow ey to pov the ashing ono thre,| | | | | | i ; 0 (GRAMMARS WIT RESTRICTED SELECTION ‘hoor 62. for iy otal yma 6 with lr hi: he fe antral rae rama trac ‘ica norm form macoer, et ceson of Prof Let G= (V4, Pb woe! rama ith ular ie, We sontrrs a gins GG Ges eatatan gama Ge~ VA.) 2 (Che om = uy ets = (0909) 8 ‘ch at chy weve wo yt 9 hen Pos = RUUioa oso 3. (C2) Boe w=, ap. 5) Thre on ck tat (C9) hale {Claim 1. (Coca of he efit (ence psa trtae) ‘rol Let be the neo l ranston enn that de the deter: wih astra Mf eodctione (() PTs ea Se rehy Lemna by uk podnton (Sy (eye) te Pyle tc mde Sdcping tition mcs AFG Mins) By Lem 818 ‘soe ne) ia te Theres st ie Be {Claim 2, For rs poction mp € Py ere ia probation Pack Pr, sn poe by itn oh ch Pe for (= the satement tev bois, mS 4 € PL = P ‘ae a he samen tre foralt jersey and oer "ck ny € Pj i ite in Fy and wo bythe indie spon a © ne Poot so Bash In te near tw 1p (ale ese) for Sone ets £2), Rom th omar peut i lon thy © [ity the nde assumption we haven, my form € consent, Chain 8. L(G) = LC. Prof From the constr, forall) £4 ¢ m1, Rs = Ruler snonp) orem sy¢ Pao by tomma 810 we hae a) = a rth Trp tha fie,) = Lali) = Lal), fo 12, Claim. For evry 2 Lala) ete 4 mating dertton Gy Prod. Sine Ley) = L(G) te ea iain fr zn G, ing the rottintm45-- t mbma = (S(t fr LS ES FEUD Sound wee nay nes ES fort 2 F< Now wating wih prodhctnns mya rm cnt (aed, staring fmm woes of rd sn Pt ome 2, foreach 24 may le production yin of Ph tat ose = lain eee) Sc the comin (C2) fam the cnruction of Pst when Py shai ict a abv i Py 0 ea Be Now tating tom and in the productions ey. i hi ihe matching Sra ieee ht wens © lo = (Shera ratte aie, (i) 6 exis — by Chim (1) © nom scomien of © ~ by cnatracton (i) Gee eal eats wats by Cham 3 (is) tle the mang norma fen ~ by Clin ¢ Corollary 82. BCIREG) & LN. “The cavaiy FIN = ECCUFIV) tbe the cotta gency with -FtNeedetion woking fae eterel me on-tereng, Thoban fas that ft lc oe appro ded for sh grams tes natural ant toe the Santee whch je depend ono Site ean» Ste aie of the nen sg Definition 6.2. A comet amar wih (steal) Sonn slcton (ASCH) Su a.m 2 sore ¥ am sips, A ea ite auc of VS ar ite subete of| DCs nd are faite re of 7" 8124 Toes tomate die the lon og 08 by omar lenen) Silt} Chwe (GRAMMARS WITH RESTRICTED SELECTION ‘Thr, the contest (8) € Ci ain ayo stings with pee aja tn "The Langage tts (dfn i he we sr We dene = inal 916 8 ore} Su SiS 9) Thi ced he ati eth Het Sn ty BCCUA > th ony tanga aera ened by punmr w une cn ate apt tet Fa ao ects = eects scetaey ‘Pro Ont eas ft sn ede Be ty a 0) {00 syinh (aud), ene RCCL) ECO) ee eet tha Becte)= BEC 1) #8 by ing he aa Heat Uatbt a Be & BCCI) Boe) © BCC) ¢ Indeed, La = Le On fo (oA fat at), (0,01 {6 (GH) (Ata), Amu that La Lal) any G = (Ai. STS ate (bo on et fi ar fags bot Bene sb ie fas 3 she Saat (iat), j 21 Boome te eer wel in Sanne the fr (BE ated ane me su dee sae he hes (60°F wh ASC) mit 1 = (eta Hea > 1) ein BOC(REG)~ BCI). add, he rata 0.0} aaa ho) (48) fat, Ca} (8,699) we tine Ze} = Hors € BCC) Thc bee a ls ‘acura wilh ly es mm pened ty icy‘ econo (0 (ae) vom oe Srl “Tyce ez mish ots ae of he om HEE ear ety fr bond tyme MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS te thie ay ec pode stings the fran bP and aM, wich "The on inet fais ICCC), BCC the mt oso he len gt stale of ln the grams gt 8 Tha tetany, 1CC{PIN) and BCCUREG), whieh wil be dace in pele 4.2, Internal Contextual Grammars with Finite Selection Wesley othe plete ICCUPTN) fain the Choa hierarchy a Fgwe tf whch shows nfoonton fo Pig anther a Seon 1 (Theo 7.3} we soe tht the FCCIREC) fam on ‘sor now ngvogr Thiol aU eta woourmny igure 82: The plc of he anil FCC) Inthe Cooma here ‘Dheoeam 8.4 The ICOUEIV) fom conte nonsense egneee Prof Lt ws one the gama = (AP whee Va tohedetel 4 (dabatbel,a (GRAMMARS WITH RESTRICTED SELECTION thom to ih: ‘fom ett el 1: {aaa (0.0), Es fbi) ho le for the nb: forthe a ends — L120), Ba ((et). (Go a: ee} Ova, forthe rg cad: L-tHoaaet) (0.99). 2 (iaail (099, ata), (2,80). ung rater: FL laaae). (042) Fa oabed) 3). FS Moa (0 Fea UN) Consider the sine oe = (nm02.2.1, hy) |i ms 2D ‘Decne the fay of elie sof cts ic ced de itn, in one to prove a) ot oa, as os tat hese eer(taionne We) = 6 Lgl) Bow) 2 singin (1) 4 esvtion a bio the epee. ng fhe om (2) Set with deat at (Gr the asian we have n= Ih a) App te aogier ft gh, Amon dean od i de) ababbd Foobar od my databank ta) 9°- 9 aod ae eaeape toate Sadia asta nn deal MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS 16 (9) Sendra chon varint (1) 0 (8.2) (Gat) Aa the leo te gt A, RE, baad mi eft) Pr ladle i ea)" ad ww te. (9.3) Coo wep (7) (ace oS the desntion modo tain sting 8) (dy arly te coming ale om igh 10 Wt, RL, lows "ata ob yea) os Sie dha) ed eda)” Si delay Pad ai tna Md ys data) Se allan () App thers othe i on 1 1 13: ob) 4h deta} at iNeaabta(a) "ad medaka (6) Wi he bined ing 6 09), (2) ina the dena by appoint ing ale FF, 3, an «(he ring cme om ey (8) 0h he or lo eb) baad iy da) aabaced dha? Maaaeed yy dla) Se ecto tag ab)abeced| Sr boy teapot abe ae ta playa Sh dean) abcd dpa)" A singin WV) btn ‘Seppe tha ne stare ih hing doable od we performed sme pe L2S145.6128105,6.19345,8 1.232, then the vale mathe end fp (7)Ww CORAMMARS WITH RESTRICTED SELECTION tence, providing ht ay suc feeling ating WA) of the fer iid show, be Wa (G04 1.220042) 10 20 ie, obiy i ot seine "Coe wen nn op ta in ore obtain x eng nN) vehave sll devatine ie above Ths an be dane y ex Ting cfm ote prone n Pad She ona the sings bated fer SEE ony Weave heat the ner (ae can be fa ap. 5 ‘Corollary 83. The fp TAL, of lennass gered 6 TAG's wcompel th CUP) fies, for Foti We ft apy Prof ‘The TAL fay conate caly seit langage Hence IOOUFIN) =TAL ¢ 8, but CP ETAL sad fom Soin 83 4 kn hat creice st ° Remember hm Seton 6, ha IC and ICC ate a AFL's. Tit ica tre fr ICCUPT) emma 8.16 1CC{PIO) i 0 ant ‘Pro Mot of th pr of the pve ore prope tion 6 forthe YO tly ot tas oe FCCPT) ety o SS) tmudeton Some iain ape forthe intenertic wth rela [intage oer ine eps, mm anette ein al ‘a Example 9 bovepoduerd sonal grammar wih ite csc, euch io length) Daley) = (2 [m2 0 “Te ngs ao) i wala an (2% | => 1 cannot be the length Ts lange FCC, tec o the HL prope Conse, Z(G) suantgiccten) ‘Cher ae he tel rama = (65 sed eee), {taba en (2c (eh a), an the artim a? okey dea iy a ak) se sey sig y(t ‘oe for crue of the lao all tne rch tha Me) © ‘Ee(G) iu tan seo te ecarencee ofS Thee, i) sf th fotneeredery 2 2y.au 6 a." Thi a hat the cnt (Gh we os Ae) Peden 2. > 2 he ‘ciao och eng pote flow ele ay (bP mtn)" aE Lebedetty "eat = oboe {Coney (LI) = ata | 2 0m Uy a Tngnge whi ‘ott ICCUFIAN fm (nein ICC, he) 2 MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS. we 1 sie of See (egal) te prope, it of nt comin toe tnaton of ECUPT) wth pec te sera AFL operation The SAU Epecaclr the sata il te contsinng ICCUPTIN) te RE. a fe rts ehh as ot ube hr er Incencton with el te) “Toren 85. Fry rear ummare tenga, Lan be wren in efor np Ey sore 8 FOCUPEA hy oa ak sag nd Byte morph of Take LC 7*.L€ RE, anda ye pamimar G = (9.7.8, P) for 1, Conic ce nw si [nd onetac he oneal rami GSU ite woretie a=tsh sd he et Ponting ofthe alloting production: L (Gah tia eae we 2 obi) rae NUTIV ER 3. (ar BA al) ras NUT. Comer» we embalmed with ch rig win het U={pllx—ve Putra laeNury et dense by W tht allan eymbol ad dine the wa ing kqwany Pty Aihe)=Awed, Ma)= meer, nl athe map hs (WUT) — (WUT UE fda) =m U, ha) nT: ay by “The into bin the coast f (and hy) a flows, ‘The mote bern 0 [andthe moldy the it of Fae tale det Ait ober syns» ag of Lg) excepting | a {Tuesombels ae abn eed blots) Tater sing EE CAIO) comenua to's waco rm profuce by. Wesinulte fesaen non teal spo og prune ngoup Let in they ne aie ad wo Jat sys a bad. The pnt at Ie Sage aang prin in ge 2 and above (te ie Sa at 1 Restle crating cs w Uy of dead yo), hefner ‘em Nanay rng in (UU oad. Thi {mg that al once ead tthe opening deiannncy ‘ORAMMARS WITH RESTRICTED SELECTION ic terminal om, Tho coding eorel olb, 0 we bai rng gas explanations, the render sh beable oon the ty Lane Cale ‘ne ne ntact, We ly rom he above oe tte, Saran on» gn or ahs ba(ewe a2). ‘Tbe 6 = ((5 8) f,8e)5,7), wth ($e, = HSB oh = Be ‘The sererponingcentental rama in(@= (V4, Pith V = (S.Badsbheh A= 1). PFS (Sate) (8G }98B0) eB 18418, 1 als.) oe, (0) BB}, (0) to € 18.8.0} Ulla thay La.8e 15 Babe) A it he wing weet 6) tad Ser a drain in Ge fob eng PPA, 5 W886 sabes mwah ee > abber io dein senting thi etion 61 oe ing S = [Sase Se (Sale Sn (Sallie se (Salsa Hebe Sin Salter ese ‘lee wodetined ele ar ine the tht ae ead By ech Hk (SF bo crashed ld wih the red fh, Trlr, (Cable 3 "The pesos conection ca be mie in nd ge CCoatlary 84 ey laguage L€ RE can Be wie the form Nba forbs € REG? Ey CICCUEINY ‘Pro Seating rm sype grammar = (9,7, Pm cmt the uma Gs send en we proved lowe [MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS 1 ad tne ayo #0 the algae of Tf A (Sq) inseadof = (8), Eh he profane of he form 4 oa htthayieet: Denote by Othe contest rasan i hs way We get 2 = (eta hse tng ele ous: (u}Jumee P)uthalae Xun Indeed, the potion of ore ca range the ale cymbals he igh ‘ii mote preg ng eg, Tem he gs rd U5" ts nce Uta rs oly he age th fr 0 wih (0: Aly hw ngs ci of ods fra eee af ead ol "Tae the br ar pte quien by dhe soe werk eh! {a the roto Theres 83 2 tn Bis prove ht ach secusvaly nna lnguge can be en de tint te nee angage “The le in Corry Be net Cesena [035] (revel) Benue ICCUPTDN) aed LIN Se letomparble | Corollary 8.5. very lageye L€ RE eo Ne writen te form AUN rb ICO andy om Prof A ica tansy late he wrk hy and of 5! the roto Tare ° [An intern omega of hee opening Micra RG Te IOC) fp incopuat ilah Poly sol that LIVE PC RE ond Ps cone 1) der ef ate th oar nays or 3) Ser sal tinge ent terse mori Prof. We know that LLY = ICC #9, Race F—ICC(FIN) 2 or su) Pan atone. Corey JCC{PIN) Ppa ha the toned ‘ae pepe obos i Ths 8 and tern it Conan 8 and EPiiat Ec Fetch nut th st ain PE RE. Hen, Fi Incaparbie wth ICCCPIN) ° or ina, F fling the coins Tarn 8. is MAT! sh the fly af lnguaee goed by ti grammars with ste ‘om ns bat hot agpesrance eng) ‘Tha fly (Das AFL and ei ely inlet RE According othe vious ten an IGG(RIa) = MATS 8. Aa 1CCUFiN) C5, we the ota tha EBA eon wich hs ene pon a ng tte (2,10 (GRAMMARS WITH RESTRICTED SELECTION (2) nd which oly ery bs ste (8). Another pa {it fay F = ETE (be fay of gang ponte by eter aed IMac Linden ten) eee ICC(PT) = BTU #0 8.8, External Contextual Grammars with Regular Selection, Altria eprartason ofthe atop eteen ECCURBG) a other ‘mio in Figte 1 sowe Page 83 rom the prof of Theorem we fn tat ECO(REC) is oot cod nde teen Khon sun, teen ith ea anaes Sew mpm Horses, eh sconsa)) Jeco (ep ga 83: The itis ten the ly [BCC(REG) sad te oe of ges esmme 8:1T. The ECCREG) fel sna clove ser asin end norton Pra. Fr the gre oh (8), BE, 69,4) ).40) AAD (ba 9.0) 0647 (EID eosin gh) = he Unt bu sateen > m2 ss res repisemseeece MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS 151 Contr the mapa (abe? — Anhel dn ty Ma) syst No zen MLafG)) =e" Ufore|n>m> 1) ie ot fo BCCUREG), Ama the cntany, and take = (Gos) BASLE) SG) meh tat as) = Me) Bory Sg TSG aio th syne eval ge nA sontin a teen ‘iol em sag the fon whew ero aly rings he Bim atowe Conny forall fiery pm the rings ee pce fy devo ning om sons te orm 2, Come Ee th sng when he pmol eis inedced. bes ye hha {Tos mm tha then proucinn (5) Cj) im Gwe la” € S, (G22 2a) 2 Asm = yr mean be ern ls admin ‘Coes tat mca be aren Ie Ui ppg a fr the ‘ep aang Sm id cosas #> I uch ha a”, lor SSAA ergs ote L(G) 0 we ca pron eS og wb artogates mn T's rp nog then te a Wie ng cmp tach ng nt BL) 8 tae ‘he quay Aaa) = La dene nat hel, M1) € BCOCREG). ‘Webs bt the et hat ECCT not sel de opis ‘Ante neue under in lie: For te grate, Ge = (lade. 19. (be NAO Ge=(laeh 19, (6). Al0.a) (oth (Ato (otto (0,2), ety have fab hae > m2 EtG) Conga ai) U Lae} = MG) # BCO(REG) ° Corllry 86. ECC{HEC) i en ent AP 1m Stn 73 ate son tat the sumer of aio nda a ie ctey of lnguag inthe ay ECC Ths gto aie the sna to fy af lngang pent by sroear ih el eto ha 1 grummars wih ely ew morn for mane the guage a0} cnmat 12 feet tpn conexaal pra wih a ene sme) ie ti fay iy ECC (REC). Ae tay an at AL: he proce the com raponding waco Than ain Cama 8.17 ta On ineeo\eeay1s GRAMMARS WITH RESTRICTED SELECTION ‘Westalinvtigt te the competion fifa wih pet in, inuton wi aa angen sad pons. To be mote pre, We ‘oad nagvage othe frm (ls UL. -Ut) 0M, re hie» morphing png and Lf tgs TREE lat eco th fawn cme tbe ntaln for ah ly i gen in presh ($0 = singe axiom) 1) Land bs & CORE ire Gee. inte set of axons) (a) mola erccinea) {3} Rann eBCCIRED, even (ay ae we (th) Reeser we (C1) isthe eaty (14 = eat) {G2} bSweodng” (Co coin) [eB teak codiac [Cbs omer (es) nai Cowen bin} 255 = 30a cas, aie ct ngaags We sal en thn lee y he tp responding ‘Mev nen om the eave A,B, Cy tha fo wy BY ER Mah share (XX, Gan amen ef c oc imianc, om the defame we have BCC REG) = £80, P10, on BOC{REG) = Ctra Ph ‘Al te fan cose above ae incaded in LIN, Bec ECE (IEC) ECCIRUG) © LN and TIN tc ener ain, Fat) ‘morph, a ateeston th ret lange “enemy hn ath re ayo gag (the wort af he tenon hy tom eps, and itech rmrelangunge ere vn sb opesne) Ie he etl we nett {iets ten hae foe ad einen te and LN Mieeny te ha RBG? £(Sm Rea) PUN &(Pa, PH), ot utes stoe stn nn gar languges trove, ow at asta g e0F0, P10, 8} #2150, 7010, Dan he feria > m> 1) ES, PCH) ~L4Fa, Ph Po (Phe) {1.002 Mo) MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS “ "The fate el hi ait of anes firms blow (ey ponte tuto at) il or wl nominee felon by € 484,14) — CUP PLM, Tye iba Pts) —£150, Ph Mo), eee PL, When considering + ine (Xi, XS) fam (88 Fa) = PL Re (race Ne Ma) aa ston 0 sng tht bees ele {o"epice ane entre 8 hy a wale oe, a tl tai gg ay tak ae mer han the al oe. Phe owing lena peat ‘ral uation of nd omnia 818. For al X € (CoWeNe Mo} we bre £UPW PLN) © kha PLN} Prof foe «Inga LUM X), comer the granu = real Ag ets min Pt or each fs i < mbt Vd] = (li | 1) od defice the coding ged by le eth fal Por (ye) ee Vr we te Gute a) awe etd th Sion nthe nota Wn to WAP) with fu) aa), (GS) 18.0) € Pat Si Wehave Ll) (CacC) Thin commence fhe ct ha su ae oie dng enue tnt eth et eG tating i) i a aly preston (3) andy} fr (S.C) € Ps 0" and by H(o,A) = Me) orale and scm We any hae Hn) = Mapa) all Yad os “he wg Hoy) am emily be pow A he mappings A? oul tbesane ype fg! ha codigh lowe shat LE (Fo.PIAT bam 81 Pa aX) 8) fr Wl 6 UAC aI Prof et G= (VAP) be a panna with A= (o separ langugevand bt Yn bea mop We so) let Re/ ] | a GRAMMARS WITH RESTRICTED SELECTION rane = (V8). wth P= PutaMt@am isis 8) Obie, ef) = LG) UO TH LTC) lke ag act ha sn mung ae empty, hen we lene iechangd, Cay, Cai} = Mle OD). TAG tag thn ne ake =A (8) and we aban Lu(@)R) = gel) 97) Ge rmpeywag§ emt by the nero) meaty le} € tS Re), where depend th frm on 2 eam 8.20, XPM) © E(X.L42),forX€ 1S Fa Prof Take» gre G = (Yuya) P) and morph ve Cae the now na ad ae al ew copy eV, Dote V' fe 1 © V) and dene te morph p= VO Wovteny by Ho) = bea, fr alae An ith Uv UID: oa (aI) ACN (S.C) PL Comin the wk coding 4 — UU, ee by Wa) a, fra aed, Na) =D =H =, be alae e ‘Then itca pov bat i La() = WL) (et hie “iden” inG, tp esol marten ys thecng rend oem he urs bo 2 Homma 821. (7.6) © CIXGY,Co), for all X 6 {84,F0}, and veto Prt Tas wana O = Won namb Ph nth #2 LOSE fear nung #19". Comer gu copy symbol oral € Ve the alpaaber Wav Uv UU UKM U vat eM sd the merphem 9 V"— Yah at oak 2 V tie) =be0, (sb, = {ER ba MSS Ay tn MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRALEMARS 1 = atu. Pa (GISa(CD|SC)EP) et y= (anomie the ing: VU deed by a Pith Xa me ‘The only fora eet, K((eshal)) hl ee Vand sev. Mb) RY = BU HO Ra) Inde (ain the prof Lam 820 th ef pha intros | {ito Gy andthe Hoa ft cpg tow symbol «eV le marked {te prime ecumenism (8) (hay thee pas ‘hd poe sete re mapped to ymin bythe ong) When R= Vy cover te ee ¥ = Ph ° tol atone real o£ Clty he rove tat EI ina {steve fami, eas tina habe ae hae oe ae ‘edn LIN. Th ton of gr sean al PT Tora contexte raanae G = (NF.5,P) wd for ech XN, ne comida the langage H(i). wvte Ge = (V-T,XP) (ene, HO) the sett singe erated by f tart om the notin!) Definition 8.3, conte grams © = (N\T.5,P) lead to be repr separate fo ah nonrinl 9 ae ele g Rec sek tht 1 Rely 20, fra X.Y © och ha 4 Y, and 2 Hon) E Re, tr ach Xe Definition 8.4. tina Ign ie eer ee ae ie I nage Foi’ Lae garmin = 18.1. 5.P) nc eet oper Definition 6.3. A nar grammar G = (NSP) ald to ba the satpro ee dj ners a) scat aly ihe™ ier ad ena re, no i al a ol and N= UNCON ‘are Noy ate pew nit set, a hat N= (S|a—wrerwcrt.xeN), Nea {Clo=Xee Poe Te Xen), Nj=(0|D—wePwer*}6 GRAMMARS WITH RESTRICTED SELECTION ‘Tae nner iy Me and Ny ae cle pars, righmaers sn ne rape. oman 8:2, for sry nar png Lars fte agnye P and nce omar ath eSupport suc at = PUL) Pro. Lat LV" be a Inguage Aste V = (ett) WE fee Lis NUL lat) ach lngng = (1) (8) nad re). te Gi VSP) e's pe pa rf te Nah no we eur 7 cae GP onan no inf and nore Merve, pling Mibatep Xan ave Us by X aly Yp = Voy bay ‘i oni, cel hi p.m obtain toa ana There we mys tha lacie nee eee ‘Surtrclthe pamnan o=(9 0-8.) th wetsul Sa oor eta istemutya pats [sie ey tao tat = PUL(GS) tear only ee pubig” re ow elas eth afb om X = a by fee [leh 1) and tne ch of the fs = Yb HPV XT AY Xl staaniexsey Dey tr ny ab = (A | QTM To. eam ott Mk) 2) he eran he ins gma! aia if emo emperor tan Rel opey tet buen Ne = (TE Mieeiten S Tema 8.29. Bry cr egg i og of eee oe Pr Lt Vb i angie. Acorn the revi en tee af afnicie PE Vos} ma pomame Gs = OCF SP) nih wa MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS sr sue prpery atch at £ = PUL(G) nd rey € L(G) wobane e> 2 ‘We contract he grammar = (30S PD, mth | BEN UNOS <2} UN), Be Ralebete kee Then an Me marten ‘slates nto Pte ke “ Fhe lodhs EM, Be ha leDNaaesy XEN, Ha bglebn ie 6 G~Aissnetohe lh HEN, Ga Xateh HX ER, = Mholoh HX EH D-+hotw) Ser ag Ftd MU) rom the anruton of Gwe have (LG) = 1G) (he diva in ‘he tno patina cons Hn rove these 2 of wont ‘oii we gt the ne ring) Ae} = Pr ws have LAP UG), fete fo rove that Cae epee grammars that Ry = fen al Xe 0" The late propery obvi, bec FS VU) aad oder to prove ht Ce acai tw eam the frm of rns (hor ch bot Enc eng tn (0) fe (0 2) (Gs:23h (eZ Mah ng greatest fo X, the 2s © Ch STR beeper og Ze Pty) HX i ih er. "Conaaeniy he gi (Zi 2) wil dt sneer ih he pe Khe stnge pode by Xn Table 8 coin al phe clan pi (224). We denote 2 (em "te nd component of the ee ne) a Zy by Ua (one ad component of te ets). "Th sets Rx Rg, ean tow be iedss GRAMMARS WITH RESTRICTED SELECTION = ire mma os i) 4 VV" ta) | Va 00 owe th tle = ie Ne and OS the (apne Vossen to 4.560 the table U0.X9L 9€V) =e th he = (a.X) |e VIVA Ie VIUC(0.2)] 26") “he: Chieti of yon the ganna Type Fe Tr Tb itepuaer| Ss 0ST 32 ay DEW, p] Tepe | Xoneee2 any Bp Bem,0's) <7 3) kncponer | Xosis2 oem | ien-ruber | any Dey 5] fier | any cy Ce 80's 5 <2 1 J akepaher | "ty aa BEM a] ta > > Cai, The st, and Rx are gre di Prof_Gracmn i ha the St propery and ei ie alo for Om sno ahr a lpr or repute, or Baa The CeIn te poo clanieatoe (al there nthe deftones ee ttn mn raw lh be to te, Ti ln fo {fj tonne ot ne rope exept fer roa and sa hich se TLISE tn yi ps ath ee, owe, i "3m have een Ere Signe frald2 sZt teat eter nn ei’) so eb = one a 2 ‘a an has Fy bw eae erp Col 3}. Consort hie ‘ene edit se of ing ‘Claim 2. For ach X © N' L(G) Re Prof. Lt oath pbs of ition in Gating om seme ¥e ‘Caso 1X a ep, X= By for 452 and BW [MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS 8 1 drain ec ot gh pings then ii of he om B= hl) Bf ha ndhg ld 40 hye) Aggro) = Coney, B= By ad La = Dah correo 0198 JTable 81 “dentin rs ght tig tle ten comer Ce et ep when sniping notre Bon D) Be le) Be hale) gling Mont 9 x) hale Agar Deen Ss nt hy) se Cee Melne BBan = Gy ehonntinn 3t Tah Cae 2.X i ight X= C, fo 0S and CE Me ‘Wns det ds ts Hing is, we ian ig repodng ot fate Whe ee pb spa, we cha ‘Whentarctag som ete se ie ope tt cata Cate 3X ica annem X = Bt ne DEN Whar net det sd ada ings oreo son fate ae “Cnc impr, nh net eo 2 ote hal noel ting gay the peo grace ee. posto mmo orth castor Tab (ny the atria gem hv both Fy a ep nih pes). emt 24 a cr gn hen Le te EP Rey Id. we Pro Lt Fit a = (8.59) ety ae ati a 5 in ie ene aie ti he le (A.D) ith A= (wev"|X-we PUR, sd containing al productions (Ey. (09), Xe aV WEP th we, 4h tat we 2a [GRAMMARS WITH RESTRICTED SELECTION (Gr xc poston, iter vo tempt). Sondre eas gang = Re Ph reader can wey hat wehave b= Eel) 8 SPEER SRE FE S35 Seesese fa a af if EE eg Re 8) aire ig ite eta a | ‘ete aang Eb IN] e(Sa, PI, td) ry gue 84 Te eins btwn fain CY, 2) Cumbining a he ati wich wht ay rowed wget he soon at ocr 87 The nis me apm nef Al 4 font tees Wet ysl ma ‘tdicates that F © Ps and we do vot keow siete cn poe ott To fom wet ed by ath en py prea eon eter pn RE ts ome cma th ‘meme AA yw at fe se drm ae fame tw MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS wt Ave write down nen nde ofthe degra fr a Acrnding to Tite 2.1, ery une numeral ngage can se pa Kl) 4a aa gag Sette mfr ALL = 12, th pls angge A ons, nd Te se Prd) Th we have a(R) aL). “This opantation ca be prone ae oe ememn 6.25. If LL oe ner nsw, then wc repeat then the form t= hf. 1d he GPP, ah Rea yl lagged eath ht linc ad ©) hate 2) HLA) ale mR) = Bll 0s ER) Prat We tat fo wo lear amma = (Mo. Si wih dso yop, ad oo ws eas F uch ttf RULE) TELS Rel cee nt oe 8 od ‘Cone the pra of an 828 Sen emrcing the pare grammar fr 1G), etd by Gh (VS, FD we now we Ho Vevey sa ne lee ee pis V2 —= (VN oe X My by the fake abetting? Y=, Sed by lo.X.¥)[¥ € Nf, forall ae ¥, (0% intro sow thd erponet nal emia pmol, where aye ‘tom Nea ou) Whew contig the sprable grant for L(G) dnote by (o.VSs 79 plc te morphine ye Vm (UME a SE bythe ee nein fy Vo ded hy exe) = (0. 2)1¥ € Nf} rate (We so pu Xn the hd compen, notin the son one ait ad we pty ayo oA in the sso emp) Wf te atbuties ey andy when comsatig the protons PPh oe the po ef Lea 824 ad the one he csing 9 FO Mylan yvea tes cute MeN ad l= ext)we (GRAMMARS WITH RESTRICTED SELECTION ‘The eae L(G) = HIG fat fom the conten Moreoee ned 6 empl, basen hve ot edie the no {tominin heenstaon fea the pou of Lenina 8.28, a he sn ‘Snpenn of tsetse in nd he ed cmon sable ‘rote in on be ts fr sige rings the proc Lee 30a a that cing the sume fr eth aguas a a ‘ee the dfition a) yet Ur ony or ainge inte ets Fy (esas ll tinge grated by te mma Cae thot ae fo ‘Now, the prov Lena 824 et chang th mb in hapa ‘Thatnionn, ne mr th the sue alphabet Fo 7 whae ding L Tints [Ein last) an gar langsgr yooh at LO) = TEM fos 2 Tn ert ple he rate veo sow hat ALAR) MALAY) 1K R NLR) “The ison 2 obvious Coney tle 8900 8) 1,7). Them a 0) and a cgtlgniyhent = gin) em ELM BY sl eyo) fy LA inal hm se punt ef lomn £4 the Ry 2 oOo and Re = es OF Store Rafa, ete epoch langage geet wie sting om 3 8s on rope Tle I ten © and o © 2 = and # a(L.N USN) (ol i, thy) € yaad fe ea, Asam #0) cma € 1 Fa ‘hedge the earn of Oy tae we He Xs sf euch tl ing af the for a Yn a8) eH), wihabiteay Yorushe My aren (G3), aod as wy AR AC hd othe enrction af Gy he are nen MG sch hat [MP etng f the fe 0 Zi 04 a2) Za, th wie 7 Wenn yas in (G2), ad in In 13 Ry Comer i he ig ay i) tae) blog othe ater (ij Ry ULE Be) As the coding af thi sng bya ism be FEUER A) Th, the eon lo 3 ‘Theorem 88. very newly caer langue Lc be presented TMayh bae Ry ew hw weal cdng Lyn €£(Pe, Pd ori ocuae Prof At we hake ft oa above, ing the reprematatin fom ‘Theor 219 and Lean 833, 424, we can epee Lin tb for rythm) Baldy a) it yy (Pa PB we ean een fee besEy £lSa, P10) yy hes, 92 wea ong ak fhe coding Acorn ts Lamb 43, we ean snier hy = ck that Midi SRgebddg Ma) © Wty aia ken fe) The competion of and MARCUS CONTEXTUAL CRAseMARS cs 1 nm oak cotig (denote by sR ela aun (eno iy). Connquenty, = hd, E57), mi complet he pool rpc Soe, oes em et miele epi inetd ay ets ‘2 gama enfin eh ror rs eat SNE alll he haltech tre pee Hinco ies isewsnty wn Beate cm) Ta uae cd toes ed Tr fc ler Sinn pid! gums rita sat Toul ey td a smite faite cated pean Go Neg) ee ic tng € Vou go) = vu) ad a) eh ts oc cor) ech el = hoe tte ee ‘ea oa i tn ss a ee Seas ac dnp 6 SN Se oa Cee hig fe od a el mas em 43) tend in) "he ftw fy Te Spe lh oh he ‘proof is given with full details, Section 8.3 m based on (39). iCHAPTER 9 GRAMMARS WITH MINIMAL/MAXIMAL USE OF SELECTORS ‘et sow ptrmaialy amine he py of grt he ase {ecdn beo with pcre he pen eee yt ow fa tere azn, eee] 2 (8) fovreg" Inmet) From Lm 85 we know thal € ICC At te egining of he pool (river | nam 2 I) win ICCIREC) — ICCUPIHN) coe was (ing Eee i for he postive pe ef he “eterna Lamina 8 for the neave past) we get Ly FCEUREC) = ieevriay (lent Min(dn) = Ly, Mina) = La, thse langage at in 1200" or Lyne as) = fe) bat Min) oases este he oat yen Ly dt ol ating it Min) thal the sings cn Min). Comer fa FCC Uangtage I alo hye th empire feral eel eae mar amume that Ly La) fr aay C= (abel ACog) Al te ‘ings the frm oF ae ZT oder to pare them we td oto (ot 2 Ohh tat (ea © peat for jt > Ce fide he stag = SSS Satoh en awe on dae eae he Hs Thing eae wet In, one ise A he thee languages Za in She family TO(REC). et Lhe ‘ea cnmee othe tation Ly € ICC{ REG). Fo the ninaWe GRAMOVARS WITH ARNINAL/MAXBEAL USE OF SBLECTORS city bave UG.) b Gln, oth thane gra Baw egal ie, in he snes a ‘Spe cntsal grasa enteral diate gamma) eae sega ea oh pon nel {CC{RBC Beem the pedo neoay Ke raring ngs fe "iy at ohm the language os alin “oa plc, gating sige whch av nto aganpa One wy of eng thi deal ftom retin oa the acter od Ths wl ad ‘spectator tal the abe mete langage canbe ped whe ‘nema etree aed. "Th caper dead he ion pe 9.1. Definitions; The Power of Grammars with Minimal Use of Selectors Consider content amir = (Vs A,(8 C948.) We de ‘ee alnwing stant he ntl iin way fee €S.(h a) eGo SiS B= Fateh eS, and eo > ae «< es eres € Suu) eC, 1 1 ad tho ae mo #2545 €¥" a ha ee rleteh es, fl 5S, ad Tes el > eh ee farsseSu(us)eCy bet se thee a0 2235 € ha es aie, 8, aad [ai ea el Ill > lao forex € Su(u0) Gy 14S and hte te xh Vek at MARCUS COVTEXTUAL GRAMMARS wr tet ie Wecey that = i ston a the minimal oa nde (ve ae at Allowed 1 we te» stem ing mach teat oe prope ube ‘riches sce ofthe se podann), ga cron the mia [tat mode he kator inal ith spe all prods of te aso) whee =e ti ne oral ea ee oo ‘epermord fhe nsec ed thn sae prof) sol oye ‘deat tbe marina gl mode (tbe scan the pt 96 tha Fenton mith rapes al profusion) Not tht all ct we ae dang Sith th" dn tlc inte spiel obec ing mt Tora € feng Mf} doe 1n(G)= 22" [wma ss orwe d} “The ame of engage of the frm (6), Ga cnt eae wih P hoe ar dented by FEF) ne fom) Here we Sonsder Pe (PIN, REG). Obl, the products with mp cts (3°3) ave bmprtase, beta hy en sh thom or produce There, semper seat ptf So Remark 9.1. Grammar with mininalo mal ae of lector ond witht ice ean lob conten thi cathe mtn sa {'V" th nial ots npn the a fae aso, whee ‘the matinal ane impos ner Servaton. lathe tc, ng omit) eat ering tig Thi, parla can rt ‘Pam ae sane that af wept (nm Cher I) ro oes Sontxa rmmar (otra mia he” Seton 103), emma 8.1 [CC(FIN) € 106y( REG) forall sow By sesightenard omarion (he inayat of wets ‘biel teen sf replat eae ce tthe lel et stv amma) ne btn 2. OCAREG) CCS, fora € fons. MMe). Wei ienentigate now the por octet gramme withthe 4 ‘tt te ne mal ode Lemma 98. 1CCa(¥) £1CCulF) ¢ ICCR), Pe PIN, REG) Prof Comer x grammar 6 = (¥/A(SiC) (Sa) H 9S conti two word 2 auc thts» proper asbond of 2 te?16) GRAMMARS WITH MUNDLAL/MARINAL USE OF SELECTORS {odityng the language generated. We pocord in the same way whee © 5 IMPe Sterna, toe cme of fal na det, Formal ‘soca comic he ona (AUSLED-C ACSC) SEO). cate Pe Fe (R80 be ie ei 5h Ba FS 6 ts ts sors dol x : tome metre cearem af Onsies paar oe WAG Ol (sa) a= Caetrrertip, eres WA, Heys hCah043).C lara) CO y= UesiDGahUenal Ca) sana) “The gue La) = Ll von (graeme H wih gton sector we hae Ent) = Ea) Q {Corollary 9.2, ICC(FIN) = ICC PIN), Lemna 05, 1CC{HBG)~ 1CC REC) #9. Pron Coie the grains he) te) bah, 9) “The guage Lo) mei ¥en contain all ord ft fea > Le} btn ein Ue Inthe TAG lings in Bape 112) ‘Aire that L(G) = Em) for aay C= (Cae) As (SC (SE) tn oie ogee td eo" i abe large me frente ofthe lm (Wc) a Ba). lade, eB 8 xe ee PSA es the acid sector mot be se 5. nin dentin ony hina hae of 5,8 wd 2 soc oe tng snnghy mean pode BOERS, hh tects betGheaconraiao, wo “Tu et a canta 8! (e ee oon fhe frm (2) is snd) th te tom Bees OL YO HE to in we ‘Stor sods th gd ocr of Sande Tle eve to Sor Sletten mth PS 1h sch wos which we iment ite (Rig mi; wane compare te he {fea one wha Sado be ove on iodiging te grand Aeginetans sue hal crews 0) ‘ste spn ht ew of wed ry te, Sue the wl ofrabeedeB cel ordi comedion ‘ae expec, amen ih rept lc arabe poner amma 2. 1CCns REG) FCCUFTE) #8 2h Cite he rami = ((e8} ob. (e048 A609) ys = La) = 0000 L421) From he poof of Lemma 8A we Anow that hi Ingato in the TCCLFIN) tai . Corollary 92. The wuleons IOCA{FEN) © IECHREGI.A € (ml wa) peer Loma 8.7. 1CC(PIN) ~ IEC RBG) #8 ‘Pro Consider he guage baler im th 1s ie inthe CCCP fay, bce ite genrtd bythe rae . (tn onder oaset esting Pele" we st te ote ( Mime then wee cones (8) = tes) ‘Donen bf 1CCay REC). Wades tare that = Lay (fr sey Ge (laheh ASC) (Sn Ca) la oe to generate were ‘Seesaw! with atari large me wed contents ofthe form (0-0) ‘Stott with nondn ew po4 0. In ner ogee worm ahve Sh atituy Vy nnd ota fh om (oo) ast th 6 (ashe) fara et (0) aon,170 GRAMATARS WATH MINIMAL/AAXIMAL USE OF SELECTORS Consider esting an = ae hae age tm. Al eta cots (#4) ae above ed in hs dent: ag aA oy eed, ea ait bond of oar, 9 content (2) an one be med aerate Then ny eran 8 Wei-ctets td bntetr a md thn have tose tthe om tens and he che cone Tie pale ae wll Tn 8 ton sep ahaa ey arches) the eases domo change the ‘ioe cmc If wn ep neem bent, eat itt a edi wih fs eet sono eee low hat the oe ibe wean weg ot prec he m.tode. No beontet ea flow an ute J soles gue 9.4; Hitch of fie flanges (ems by gry wth imal oe Cowie sah dernaton tony oon only eam, wich sae tat ec sing oP Ly) ha eat oe bonded rm Homer cots or who Sd mae bth etl Ie 8 MANCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS ™ Covey 03. The eceins 12Cng(#) CHECK), F 6 {FE BRGY ee rr Th fms Ca 1 BE) cmp Syatsing he above mel, we bain ‘Thorens 9. The relatos nthe gram in Fr 8.4 bl he aes snd sti ‘brs ome tthe yo ptt ag tensor" ring pos note oly REG. Pro Alans in hs dg ih TCC(REG) 28. On the other band, {CC my( FIN) cosas non-contact ‘nagtge tn amin in sampled. she treed hy Iteomparale to ach ober “Ths y(G) = Lu), th ot aly oe Potala 2 The rnontipe betmen REG and ICCC), F (PIN, REG), me pen Wonca that REG 1 ng PN thom om the previous 9.2. The Power of Grammars with Maximal Use of Selectors Lomma 98, FCCUPIN) € ICC FEN). ee an open pain ith ort the conver incon lve. At le expe couterpar f Coay 92 tar to othe maa ae Tamme 9.9. 1CC(REG) ~10C4( FEN) 4 8 € (4, Ms) Prof Bo ihe pnt in the pot of Lena 86 we have Lal bug Bh= fevrahP acm vn gigs near be gery ‘tte wh te cs fone ose cane fact wre {Eset ith bh sod mig shiy tg) Bea ie ‘Sree tur tongue fbr [ayes Send 2) emia 910. CC(PIX) ~ ICC RBC} #0 Pr Come mein he eng aoe | mm 3 1 te how that ye 1CCUFIN) = fem) ns anc tht Ly = Zao oy = abe, A (8 ide fS.6 te et ie 0 ain ha112 GRAMMARS WITH NINDIAL/MAXIMAL USE OF SELECTORS content (a!) sca with cto of fr aft oe cones (8,8) saint with eco of the fo a, for a2 {ier © orem hen we com tole tcrenes oa oat ite fe acento abo he fd wearece oe ng abaeah haar ough) scans te srt il apa ofan anon ig stn capa, whe these bend cb he ob nite the Comte we proper node € S™CP%, 9 he ae ok "Pre, he drain nat by a pase ae oly cent ae wm he pil) canine bya phe eras my aah, neo content yd (andthe aabrd Me not moi) Mio) = (2 € LG) | © iy # wig oly coments Se denatdaes form? I. . so =n | 0 inte. AU sens Mm) the fr aban Hk dee Moe) = (0 € Lal | way wing oe, 2 A eae net meet es ieenieaneteer ries Seatac alt Misa fanart mau anata cap IGS Mae Su tates oe Serene Pesan ey ree eae hats Sameera yet Ses eet Ea cape cai an Seu ine kits ee rwctre aren MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRaAMIARS ms by sag ent inthis ws contain, Te egeliy Ly = Lay(6) Wot pole ta #10 (REC) iG Note hat the tye ostomy no le in the prev agate 2 br €1C6C (AB) Sutin Go she cf iin retin), ne ane amma 9.1. 1CCy,( REG) ICCUREG) Us COMA REG) #8 Prof The lange fa=etuler [a2 not in ICOUREG) (the pst ef Lemma 61); ily, we can tha a € FCC HEC) (evened fr ener wen withers Inge mean be alo ed fr enrating on = wk of the oP th 3 qh wena). On the ate bad wave = hag = (oth oat. aio AD) (he ght nin med cote (2) canto be ed orig or {0 mre, plcter a oc ue ppt wor of) . Colley 84. ECC{RED)— ICC REC) 4 8. emma 8.12. BOC(F)C 1CCu(F), Fe [PIN, REG) Pro. Ft F = FI the ation ns, bcate BCCETN) = PIN Conder a gratis G = (VC SC) ith oat ecto St £1 0. For Pee perineal oom local mode. In ordet to generate sheng onze me (FE tet Leman 0.14 1CCyp( REG) ~10C(REG) #8 Pro Comes th sage La = {zie} |2€ (a8) Hom Leno neck that Lg ICC: Fore grt (oN Lan), (6.240.099) seve La) = bo Ua € ICC REG) 8 le Setiog 7. we prove tha ICCUREG) cation ng ‘ssn thon fa Seton #2 we prowl that ICCUFT) a cna oa [Sue ougage. Prt bestows ICOWPINY CACC (FIN) © Tee AEG). we hed tat ICCanf F2) an Can REG) conan i agg tn. The eno ICC ys PIN), FEC RBG) me (1%) family contains nonsemibce lege Prof Cee he oat = foshe th {2(00"2) P, ‘ih coin of he loin predation {eh sa {sna} 10,2), Heenaton} (4) Hobe) (sa), Hsatnh (anh, (a) Ft) {te} 4), (eas) (3), MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS ms 1. (oat) (29), 1 (feo (0) 12 (ees) (3), TE (laa, (6), 14 (aaa (.)), 15. (ee (0), 16. (loose (0), 1 {Gib} ei), 1H (lobed (hh 18. (eat) fda), 20. eat} 0,0, (an) a, 2 (la). Te intimin hi omsirsion be eng. The potato of sp ime A) ee ho) pein Sst) Sarg om sing Sh ay we hen Scere of theme 18 we etn wang S402 be St eteens ofthe sb onticd. Taw, ag ode of ps6 “rom ih fone te ol tran yal cuneney ‘ha aang)" Dang oieton fom it eines oan og sang ten sp a occ oe proba a ag SarabsPo Foal. polos of pet IT meuniere of ba 8 cece Hence ne pt tig S(T poss cn Seca" cw sly be th pase a pen ae se ‘ring dace 1 pe © nope by ele Cong poets 19 2a, tig Ste)! an epee Rs yn bested ws Te nest y(n) wt he sie ot @ (nmsone inh hen ne ge the eee hich so semen. The amily wea ee ld dr inane ‘la, his poe thn L(G) ot sins. “et erwin the wat Gi th bal sin ede, lending tings sch tht Ben cy(e)€Q. Thea toto cerns barb introduce fr a pw. Heer productions (9 and 30 hate bon med or pele pln obtaining ting ther dean Ti Sal pow sarin om svg bf stating fom ach» ‘eines the ba dom the lb fs at we we modo176 GRAMMARS WrrH MINIMAL/MAXIMAL USE OF SELECTORS 15 om the ight, thee ihr a mbeing ea sulting 0? wl app Sh proce Item be mod fr all m pace. Hene, te deaton has tho En ne whe predecone 1 = Tht ed and a he production “Searing with (ae nly = 4, we can use ether ota leading 2K), or padton eating to abate Serine Tat 1 nt be el bce of rn an pane ‘Goin the ent (3) cages thing No pofaton can be applied 0 EPCS Yr 50) Tw hv oa ith radeon Sh? ay CoH. ‘ng rodustin (aly ance, eee af pouctin 3; odutins Tad TS ‘no! be red ene of eolarinn pon canna be ed bee ‘Spredece 2 From cna we ean oni Com tt Eh ‘he medection {erty and producing SU" Touch seg ween apy nly practice 7a 1, Applying pode sion wep ots m0 coating prdectn Jee ga csiys'e'Pe Using padi ight ewe pode SERS herd rca an apy at ‘rem infer eh ae Hence we produce etbai)ePm Ha {i ween nw eles ac by aby ng peodtns 18 ad T= Ta ni np tag ata epindicton nodurng = yolaf3can be wed twice om the sane potion, bess ft pcos inedacng (3). ‘Concent o produce sigr mh oe Pai ig a Q, me tse wo dabed atone, ni abo hl Hernalloud@) 0 =a th constng be yoo 2 Corollary 9.5. 160 (FIN) —CF AE We now omits he ol he pve rma, wel a ae in "Theorem 9:2. Te ions nh digo Piya Ml: he eres ‘ast srt nls, te dtd ar dates nh nt Eo perce fuer nt imied hy «Ponta gam are nel meen ead othe cnectued inhi REG ¢ 10Cng( PLN), wea bbve hat EES CC FIN [MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS co Many the fis inthe saga in Figure 9.2 a ncaa. Ft bok CF and CCIE) ae ioral with each Calin Figure 92 Whi eno connected a then ty = path REG BCC(REG) 2B and Bocynee) “Tee nat) #8 ECC —1Con Et 4 Ne Cah FOC mi REC) soeuFtN) pe = fecal ieateiN a 1eogiFhN) sce\RHE SN AL von > Figur 92 Berrie of ai of guage erat Uy enor ih minal td oil fone We tow it he remain pst (FF) of aii of ote nag fe wpeating th awn ntrpay atari fe te fhe De FL wih Ue fling meaning Le Fy Pye! Cy FT Inngge ey Ly ret one eed in Leas 8 0.16, 818 1,816 spect When Lor [fmt ect meane that nli 18 GRAMMARS WITH MIIMAL/MAXIMAL USE OF SELECTORS !angg enon UCC PIN LCC AFIN Le eCas(FIN)}. COREG), La CCUPIN), ICCA FIN)). Le CCKPIN), ICCA REC), bs UCCUFIN) ICC ag REC), Ls UCC REG) ICC PEN bs (eGo REC) ICC uN REC be La, UCC REG) ACC PIND). Le CC (REC) ICC REG), Ua Lay (CCnA REC), IEC PIN) UCCai REC) ICC (REC). Le Ia, UCCONRBE IOC AFR). Le 12, UCC REC) 1CC(REG)). Ls 2 UCEURBEY FEC PIN) UCC(REG) ICC (REG), Le ay UCC{REG) 1CCmAFIM)), Le Ia, ICEIREG), ICC REC), Ly By, UCC FIN ICC FIN), Le By) eC FEN), 160 REC) Bn) UCC REC) ICC uACFEN. Ba, (UCCMAREC) IECuAREC)), La FEES In iow of he ncomparbiy of ICCUFEN) aad 1CCuy( FP (FN, RE), a ft prtanesf es LCC y(P)frwaa ae idling (the we ete) meh esiag the beng ‘Theorem 93. Evy tone heey wee He 1 1 RB cow be writen the form (PTA hy t's wk enti, aod Prof Tale CT RB, al cinder» typed Chomsky grant 17.81) for Ln th Rao ra fr, ne eon also 1 NAVE, Koa XA he ZEMaET, 2 XY =, we YUEN MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS 19 "Takeo ew abs «7 and core the Chomaysrarimar Cy (WUTSL TOUS Py where Pats nse) Utay 20 [xy 20 eF) WAU a [fr Xa te of pp Lia P ted UENO issu toe that 1G) = LG) Sun now the pocdue in he pron of Thora 85 fom grammar Gi, cconting th tet! pa Cn cna te sae ay Sel ‘S2randeteiig platy tnd by =A, ale ecme the ft hand member ae ft ss let nal ae in Pith "he cenpan af Ss Shc cy wre the asl esc of ‘ng th matted dint he efi A fa eae ad Sv comerneds what open in podtns a eype Land apectey, ie Ileal ow the tro foray whch enya or the se ie eon aot) a end somal destin Sy Prone Meta card by hy Capa th deta ft oe Sn Bn i = 5 ln), me os he Colley 9.6. very L&R can he wren a hfe L= (were 1 1CC 1) end om Prof A gm cm slate he ae ine bt the work of hy and af ce a 9.8. Natural Language Constructions Covered by Contextual Grammars with Maximal Use of Selectors We aledy Boo ha he ang ese | € (08) (duet) and [ere | nS foil dps) st not in TOC bt hve iNet steral tthe be gered ery snp way by oars sith the mir taf he msl nade” On the er Bad we hve Sen the Ls ahaa | nm 1) wasn FCC (REC) Ther, ‘Ghat content grammy wit the bal) asa ode wing trntons sete ba noms canton a aaron Tithe merge Smtr Tie renin Uh fet hal180 ORAMIVARS WITH MINIMAL MAXIMAL USE OF SELECTORS veh ht nar angegs bond ia sfapiton bat aber mio Smtr 193, and uso tppeae ta tor hinge being gel cer ‘teers ae eto rca than ceiembedded oom (Pe) Langge {Stand on chs mirorage etre rar me ee Tie nto b ICC REC) mn gre proving the aegecy of oe ran ede iain octal neg iy of pening eer angges Sepa o are mopped nto pee ‘Intra! nngenges Spescly, ne cote oe flowing hope 31, =V", ¥ nom sph oo state, 31 = {08 n> 1) np agree), Ms fhe | 21 (ile geen, {tse | 1 (gurl gromen), ferresre" [x 31) (quaapin arom, Me= {2026 (48) (ated eelicatin, (126 {a8} (omni redaction, (ee mie) | (5) fob ior mae) eile) | € (0.9) (e-nd orise), eeu" |n.m 1} (ake pala mio imag) 1M = {e°0" [asm 21 (owe dependence) 11.2 show the pone of pnerting thew ngs by inter coietl grammer none to fee OEUPY ICAP {tig}, Pe (PIN Rec) “Tube. Languages Mi ~My sr itera otal ranma) thee toons ” i MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS wt 1.6) = (8500), (0 (040) 0 ¥) gees Vi a ode 2.6, (8, fo) (ld) 0) eet sin all ode, 23, AL the bginning of ths chapter me pnts tha My and te sot in ICC and tint both thoe lange ad My ate in ICCu(REG), Tecan REG) Weel hte ie stapouding gaat, 0 that ne 2 ecw ale ey eh eet lo0)(9)), rhe obese, ae) 4 “Tle 92: Langue Ms ~My vr intra oneal gama ToC yg FTRT | TOC gf RBC] “4 from the poo emma 29 we Ano that fo | msm 2 NO A(PIN a € {HEM}. Sindy we et tat By € 1204(F I) 5. The eth for Mca be proved the sate way ae tho- sf My for nce in bee trode biter on wage ‘ed wba lng looms Oe te other band, the gram Oy Goth ft) Oe, oa) areas agus Moth in Man “6. Nosoncrply cones can be emo sign May sow ote ‘ssn cau b's contest one Amun tht fs €ICCA(PIN),« {MIM take a gammar Gor Maa cor tig of sasha eae a162 GRAMMARS WITH MuNIREAL/MAXIMAL USE OF SELECTORS for eg enough itge i i kr to produce ech ting we ed ‘Metton w= toy in wen cvs tht de ‘end anand so cnant be Donets aot have flare '.Asunve tht Mf € ICCUF) or Fe (PIN, REG), Take = (CA (5,Chben (Se) sch ta ef) = Mee a lata ota (ate) wate 9 yates a even eng foot fen Tae the utr of 8) a oa te ings 2 Thee wettse! Cbg(G), commie =n frye [Tho phe haa sf Sting fo 2 din he ame ay we that ‘hein pt 7, we tin that MG ¢FCCA(PHN). a {Aa}. Ase tha Mi = Lau) for any G = Cad} (SC, (.:0,) lh aa ote Lt ease 2) = Mu) 09) GES I SESH), Pe LO, Poe Hee fo ede Ae). IEC ISSN 0) ow), fps Ae Ps arial age. The st (uo) reel (i ton annerrulte )s eotay ofl are if tens of he fom 1 (we appl» pomping ent 9 tn coe rosie whan nan hela uh wg ‘Ter, n lhe deaion of @™40™6 Ue exist a abiteary muse of with £2 Land ha © y"H(ah a) Comider now wa ahhh ith itary ag, Eh ch sng iin MC at above ay hr cr te ta a pc) ma por he seer ned in g(a) us coast srhich ssa spermerd of oa, nod te proven he ection of {pate werd Sue suranard ca oul bo ofthe foe oat ot CMa Te tah cu, eileen, bb ad le, pete MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS ws stay Hong. A eens oa oar guage sch sige av gig oar al toe 64 (rode). na fon Land all > Wainy) Tench eng with ing Inge noua have : ea dittnaitae btrh= (i trh= alti ‘the comet (8) pial tow. Tha i ‘The seagotaned is ot in M8 cnn, In one, A nant bein 120 REG} he redatin80f€ ICC yg( REG) enn pen mone 10. For she grammar G = (orb eh (eh (sah(Q0)D) oe have 1.0m gem (ashe tel ed leah 8099) eh 11, The at tha MG ¢ 1CCLRBE) ie proved ia Lami. Astor. erga re ee rec ri ee i eon ea i ee PiUsth flee). b)) we have Lae) 12 The ele about Ay ae pond in Les. 13. tn ode to geen ins a8" fo My with ately Inge sn eany sed ei ng lta, Hence ls # ICCTA thar ein wrth mating the allowing ite abo the vin abs ~The sot or local) masa moe of wig the lets do ec clge the pw of nel comes remy ata {Gis ery impotat tn the pt tew af wing te grea ‘ode ofthe yaar of ar! oat ngage ale bs Tonto comteetns naar sad stl lng an be ‘ovr inthis na fd hey nant be eve By he saa at ‘cotta! gamma)cn 184 GRAMMARS WHTH MUNILAL/MAXINAL USE OF SELECTORS. Tere ie lee dfernce tne “sk and“non-aad”ng fe the former bag eer tal th th hse. ~ Supringly fom maternal pint of view bu am ft naar oe pit a cmgrasi hel asia wef cer fannot coer ior Taape coco Hk the oe eaptured by the toeees i Tse ao sear difeece ten conta gamut and the ‘Choma gry ith patos language ated above For lena Man a oft ccnp me he ar seated 17h thf hye ow can erred nat eae gamma i he amewak of estes gonna, Sea ae gata frat Tie slob or Mad ‘Them of conta gatos itor to, Beene te Ciscoe fo marie mee very oy tc she property Sein {heesng imo langues ing th ens” we an Sey ha "4c alan ete he ae he seg) [Bibliographical Notes, Coslerual grammar wth mil and masa fore ntrs ctodoed nL} eeummay with ereeed nf tere ae ao enarelfethatpapet” Met of the rene Seca 81 a ae [15 Sg provement the her rr a ier SLi 16 om ran 0 ae Seovcntx es ction in maura Ingvags Sexton 9.3 bn on ing CHAPTER 10 VARIANTS OF CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS ‘he minima and manna we of welecoe e nly o pai en fr mo Siping he defination rama oof te angaag genre by then The along es sapts ae dst th yf ck ase a hr al pr nine ey. 10.1, Grammars with Erased Contexts {eri inal ptmnary he redone oir dase, eyratay = ayureny, (0) € 61. 9) ae (ut) We ene (,A.6.69.8 wi ered contests witht dace win hens) = Cy eyaysn) Cy fra sytneg © Ps Shs ‘anne wen in the om = (HAC or funy of cnetnal Langu, X€ (FC, BOC, IC, 106, 0), sw det 0 Rs ie careapening fay female by rommnar is eee ‘Shut Ihe wl may, meen ala dee canes us ath aed18 ‘VARIANTS OF CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS Conta aod wih F choi, fo ve Tay f ngage tb tii i Otome, Xe ‘Theorem 104. () BCC—TE A () Ce BCC # (i) 1C4—TC “ ‘Prof () Cone the ramet = (0.8.0. (0.9) 0.916). 9.8 Abe") = {sa} (4), "20, Herta) =|} 92090 20, Ae" = (A020 Harte te) = (sae m2 0, Harterte™) = (1), mm 20 ali) = bt Ute bee | mm 2 0) fart | 2 "Tie anguage st in family TC; ban dot ae the IBS po sexy meant rane oe ani ing ot Mone length fs 9 ng shri thao ag ak hte cling ig eal ieee). (te tha gether ce) (ye Grate 1) (0 eA) dd. AD), tdi [5,2 0,5, 201545420) Mradtadit |i, 30,201 S65 E> Oh wee Indeed ating fn ab wc ad an artery urbe of tent (2) and [thd conten (hh on be ae ely esr nae ngs Wem tahun ws tin 4 to sachs wag we an gn ad fonts (ead Mino a(Gs))= {8} fie 0, ih inte, La Ga) # BCC (Lena 87), is) Conder te grater G5 = (ubeditie eM (ot (ee fe AN (We Le [MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS i bal Ga)natvreharet ) Indeed, 0es4¢ donot pen, hie me that they have bees ead 1y (0.2) (te owe hate ng mth ole = fol oie = fel But ewe olan aang with wy = p= fe = fle = serene ei Convery, we have fy aM (eae Mee OHO ‘henge L(G) does wt belo othe any TC, eae fi ings fhe frm see rit gen the IS pope Soe ae ‘Throne, ered emote considerably cet he power of al he cae see ot conten enidre toe” (St we cone that CCqREG) CLIN. I the hypothns weal be cain thn the pac! toi (Phonan 0 eno be tpved by aig gramme Cy ‘gla oie trom Latin 3.18 we nw ak CF GEE) Momo, ee fcc egabie wt cnr rma he alphabet cesta {rar which are wed ony in the poco eatin, bt wich ae mat ‘elt appear she gee Tagan (i nar may to whch the Intro he extend bl we wed in Choy rear at Utenayer ane). Spel aa etd cote amar coe = (Vets ChsCap0), thats components te atone SSW CVs The lng f(a € (esi geared yah an, Tbe iterectoe of with L(G) whee Oi = (FA Cy Chg) Tat 26) Let ws dente by ECC), CCP) the ans of ngage neat by ‘sue ental or herve cotta i hte ekg inthe eleal and te nral ok, epee nel, = ARB “The exoned conten gma wth ead cot (ed arbiters raping 8) hae pecan per "Conse frites a aery Inagtage © V" and oma the (wer Jemtw free) Ge = WULAVEHahthdl tloele8, ole) = (sah Quo EV" He)= (len) 26 sere © V- Obviuy,La() = ober tha 9 i ic ae Ping). There, ery language ca be pred by an etre canesa VARIANTS OF CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS ‘Thoorem 104. BCC; = ARB, A iin stong role vin the ef eterna eration. ‘Theorem 103. ICC PIN) = RE. obi He GAEL 7 yo hpuae tt» pn g (0-0) te Geena fo hat wh 9 = (8,1 2) and aes a Pott orm) Sanus Ss zits. (ONY ZIUTT Sho) XY 2 +h (Horm 222) We comet te extended enti (ammae mth cat oie @ = USKY AULT ACC eth (Ses €((a,Y.2)UT}" 5-42) Mos) (XY Z)UTY x (AY ZIUTIF Sa € {272}. olSa5) =C), 85 € 4 sa)=c “Te cqualily Ln} = L(G) canbe aye, he we have te inason ES TCCAFTY) The sans nh con be ped 9 oho) sry form an ve the Tang. Chae) 2 10.2, One-Sided Contexts tn maayexamle an rot rom he evn hapten of the ook we wd rote (th wth el ne tte sings re beng tone. Partly {he monk tan extra comes ramet ery to tie hen al he contests ae ofthe frm (ye). That whe the aes Uc ednda ant te teri Auf tae, tat we hae acd b ‘ig nm door engage She mono hat jah an be fond eh ‘he ia sae of th ft ttnaton ni eens he langage (o's tate My After ajiing ote () lo # we cain y= sv Its can comin aming os pr yd gina al ae ar weg oer ca wet add new sing tate ht fy. Cyn in Bat sump sma to fr Ue) mj thn we ca aie ha ‘wchar une dy tos asta ttersion fearing tot Ceamtien sy (bene lta aed ea Soran at working STitE Se tine acne to mot syactoeuay cotta edna! ‘Sending to tear electon} Th poe cnt ta my the geen {ea Tagusge sg biel tpt o's onperton ne ow betes ‘SMlmntesoecitd tothe eto guages Si “The prev ferae mak he sed of ti cotetal grammar sey natural We ete by the fay of anus ert by pe psi MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS we summa wi onto fr (2), ad by IX he fay greed Stine (wits and nonempnh te 18C, BCC COTE) Te ated weton eine nt wal m9. \ arpa, te poe ofonsied conexant le than tnt of genus th ty tt, Irn agg ‘ete nth tnted co Th x rent TS prope fr nese cota ga Tamm 10.1 A engnae LV" in the fom ITC fend otf there eis nee pat Kn he BC -uTe #4, 16 ure #8 we c uke c (REGO EC); Me = NIC (CPAIC), UC~ UK #8, IOOUREG) c REG, NECC(REG) ¢ LIN, bt 18C% TBCOUREC)— RBG 2 », uece mec, te 084 6 nre= 176, WFo(REO)~CF 24 1. RBQC MOCYPIN), IICCIFIN|~CF 4 Ane #8 Proof (J) The nguge (oth | > 1) iin BC, aad the ngage Cine es eh) Cmte hen tere fm nich no Boel ute bo ing sil ein (2) Th Inguog®aa”iein118C — LEC (ey sing contains wn caren of yas we od both right and content ese the suber ‘ccarecs of the gh andthe ee or (VAC) wa the content in Cf te frm (6 A) web 1a(G) = (a 3) CCPALO| (oe) ECP a0 Lala) e REG. (G) For G = (A.C) with C containing beh right an cnt, con struct (VAC), C= (Ose) 0) © C08 (2) Cad thn an "Hee the cones game = (S.X)}, 08.48 — Neue Kou | iced wedterekesiuisoX [scale (ay Sik Sia Stak idan aco wel isis fea [risoat de).0 VARIANTS OF CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS (nthe eter hd, fr = (0,8), {ab)), La) Sw Dock langage ve fob) ih kaw be aaron {ay he incon HECCUREG) LIV i a consequence of Lemme 6 sath eon TECCUREG) © Ci mpc a of pa of ‘amma in Brample 4 i esd, 0 1ECC— RE #8 Maver, te roma wth ogaar che = (lbh {8}. (8, annem woe (Qh fst 0) eho eae the no-eu gnags bol) = (6) Comer the amma @ = ((adse) (9a ah. 2) ih eter td), ea) ea ye (00) We obtain iG) Bc te Snot enti ICC: ede, ae that L(G) TACO ay CF 2 [eel Cag) whi hve nl ih content in GD fey ang oh ing) nets have» cotent (0) a Ge uch tnt (3 an (ye) Cpa), j 2 OTe we an aba ee, Steel la ao tm bi), cotadition, (Pex rote tat te shove gran 2 hs vege so we hae bie Tuiccuess)"t1e0 #8) eer tthe tral contextual grant G = (fed), {abel {octet wha MENTS attra tciieez (6) Any ngage inthe fay LIT bas the ropes in Leman 101 ene the game = (oats). (098) mth (2) jk ate al od rll en, fj we ve, wine ta bb lat tab) = [ha ite Fn eto a} = (Oc ete ano and ive, “The we bt 1G) = ahhh ahha oa ih isobutane The rama above ee kes re} LD, gin REG CCAP) «cms th a mtr ett th fm) wine tc eh Ga (odo geteh”) 55 (4,0,be)), 228 (a0) =e 2), m= fed) 8 te my egw bv ed pn = ofa sed aioe aetna impli that the ureter yb cam bend ay by 1 i a ga eke acer ae. ei bed my ech a, ade a ae Come ing th m= fh Ine tre singin {Grins tat bent be ode oly by uno nodes oe yd» bee alee slike “Fe, i ete 3e ig et i ete ac i te na ing eof tt edd ad tre Sra fated rat © Cong She end (cath cin tad to subwod i and oo mor ocatncs of ain ce oe ee maj, aha Bee2 VARIANTS OF CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS In aie a ntedse ane ouvn fo ing w = a. we once (See yn tens the pr af rodutions t-te ‘Ste on tight with, aly ee Tha we Boe = (ed e lbeel™* de Conus he hort ring in L1G) fe} and hen ping trom a) (ly loaning at (dP ma have = Amp frp 2 Hence he ale n eeu i incon lowe ney ade, ned One 242 Letom be the ight a of hs gut. Thecore UG R= (oe | m2 1 > a. ve) Thi nguag inten (enn i ent) ° or onside neta gasie we bin nesting counters of ‘he an ot nS and 63. soit ne rm B= URE) AV for be HECICP) ad He REG Poh tig 8» roma formation ih = (oR, che en ip t P aew ig Hby= Tyme eyed ‘Thor 3 in [18] ny tht ech Inguge € C5,1.C Van be wren inte fm rl rg € REG, Ly CN, aed 7 = (NUP) wth ‘nani peacon of he a Let enw tangs RE LV" Thee aes nem rol sete Vrant language eb, C3, uh that freer wD ter Ste ee Ess 0 nei sight wed mf hore 218) We date FV fe) Forth lanaage conser Uy € REG and MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS es Fa shove, 7 = (NaN Pda © MGs NoV? = 8 ak 1 Gheraty grasa y(t Nyy Fh 8 Sint Py conta ele of fone " 8) A, = AeA FKL ENE DEM AEM xa (Suh rai ey xno rel language: ake a e-egulsa bares Lr and plc ach mille Net By A= Xylene ee 1%) 9 wt Wemusuv ude that Penang the loving productions 0) DAA), fr A A EME MAE, ®) axon (8) (ANAC), eA 0s PAE Nuae MOY" (4) (AB), (TAC), fe AB = AC EPA, BCE, ©) (ole (%UV)"). (Qo), fora eH UV" © CEM El eeu IF Fe KAe)). Conidae te regal Iaguge = (aL et ERmORUY UD Soe hoe £= (R\La(G)) OV" ‘The lon Webi oe pein ies tier ach aecuence ots cata fom gud UE caring 1 a = sles, for € Ny UN UU" he the pst cree i aly he eid sean 2. ite = assy for @ NgUNi UV and ex 6 (MUN UVP 1 ke by be osonn | in ot as ib Sd ily he foc i “The produto af typ 1s 2 prods a sein 1G), hallo with ‘ead ymbolsand lee, Te pots of pe San maa cree ting rae The roca type enn ae bo ft ot, ‘eto ded bol an lee Te ef bo fr preparing ss| 4 VARUNTS OF CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS any cc Te potion a whe tern] eM oat Ste i ta ker dea ah te ‘dean The equality L = (F\Lag(@)}1¥* ca be proved in similar way 4 the roth of th ssepeaig sulin Taran 8 ad te erly The 1. or wer sen detonate a destin ain to seins fv") ac, My oy, tylay thee be dealon Ny ty ‘shes Soh ye wp of pe add a in adtiation ah ath one above wee he production pe fs Sg he yo enw ba Bed me XGA, then me ann podem ing te it hee octaene of iy roduc the yl) then the eon Secret c.g ie meand ornare of yo {Sen ne io th han of) Ein s drain Hep tig ewe « prodctin of pe 3: (A). {Oe foe A ave then Awl be Sead tw an (ele Ae dead hon abd 9 ae dd in Eins dering ewe a prouctin of te A (iby, (OLUAC)) eA ale in hen Ae dd in wn AC Wile ale ar dead sw thn sl asponding pole Boa dad in Cin eration ap ot in we to a proc of tp 4 (UAB). (OTTAC)) for aed dead wth thew caren [il b ive tbe od curate fA nd the cere of iS. tn te ttn hr hat other et nd igt hand memos) Xin a desivtion ap a+ wee a pedo of ype dining J totnne as] al ww ven men that eran oa od ‘nd the ely todd one aie ar ded nthe ll ‘esi dead and the ney ited oan in Wl be iatiue Dense the ring sie by comoving al dead otal om hy ae. MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS us Consent, i aie vn by a proton fp 3 a hen stra) aes) nh ingrowth x. Moree {ere ming pedo pe Be have ale) = ale) “The posto of spe 6 can bese ely one al othe ig he ‘ombnl fobs wr intodcd the way we tt ave ol tl nV Biles rier of pe bpfeson bonded yO pai] an ‘ut Ys lows in te tng hic nc rade pid ee Fem nXusBeng muh that aan) = and ay €V" Hens we ata Eyluebon, Avcoding ts the swine ahve i contin fo sews sear nin ao nw lve syne be tedued foe It ‘hs paver 9 (Rb(@)} N= Le The comes tn follow Corollary 30.1. The amy LICCICE) compra wth ech fly ps WATIN 2 Ret dn aE tent wh tr ‘pin ACAT® nd OL at porto fri of tngvage ing he ‘ence in he prove al s0 HECICD)~ MAT" FH CCCP) — ences ‘nt os whether or kw asp he family LICCIC) in ‘tweran 10 by HICCURBG) o UCCIPTN) Homer the folowing ra na ‘hea 1.8, Bury cnr egnge Lame writen te frm LEME) here he oa cb, a or lngege and heey Prof. Every cote language Leas be writen a8 b= MD, 1) fee smen I obs hina ea eting, e+ lr engg Dao the Dye Toauage oer mahng pie of pats There alien ‘Satin CCAP) ath by meg eos 6 esis atab oA) CM Aes Ohta 1h uly Ll Ga) © Da i obo, ° ‘Copllany 20:2. Every lenny RE con be writen aL lala sphere fel wa my fin € HOGI), nt ref Combi th previo rant he rpc of RE guns in Thorn 20 e Ak counterparts of eae in Scion 83 ol o cassie ramiaes es te by (8-9, 2) se fay of languages sre by onesie ‘gma med fra E12} 2 Saston 316 VARIANTS OF CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS “The llorng elton ae itr obvious ae pa aes of eae 4X Re), for al sles of 203, C4(F Ph Mo) ¢ (Pe, and (88 PEM) S 8a Ph Ufa Lal), wae a) Pfc 12 Taaguge isp, We mart te gama G = (CAP) ch Ae (hn asd (40 | eee (0) Pe fort 4m bia, Pia er se ‘iy anda aegument we A ha = a ° a ge 68 \ igure 101: The aint Dts fii (4,952) Conseil esi gray we obtain the Saaton nthe ie am in Fg i, wibby tes foe fami. The chats oer een he ep angunge Ly ast EX, ¥. 2) fron MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS wr XYZ with YR, and every Site angen £4(F 4 P10), np ipag ch =o, ome ann he being of Seton 8 Eira 1a) = CS, Pt. 10.8, Deterministic Grammars ‘coment ranma nit oie G = (Ys CpG 8 Baily wt it) Noob tmnt ea) 2 ade ‘We adh ier D int he oe oh aii cose bone to dnote te neponing fai languags geese iy eterna ‘mma ths we tiain DECC, DICE. DTC, DECC, DECCTREG), a Obviomls, DX © X foray tay of contra language Weebl incline propa fr all ese dete ceed ‘Theorem 10.7. () DECC, TC #8) DICCREG) ~ 100 #4 Pre. (Fx the grammar (0) fat) (0.09.40. 0.8 eat) = (0.0), 2k He) = (a0) nL Lal Ga) = fab [m2 JUL [n> sich tnt in 76 been ido nt hve he IBS pope the rings Tene devompnigon ryacgey mith bounded ve and Rest eb) (i) Consider now the roar Starting fo bv ma ad wary many omen (4, and (8) thaw tang sigs ofthe fr death mm I'he conta {jeg ri ty neti loc at Lane) = (ena el, ala |,| | | | m8 VARIANTS OF CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS ‘hie langage io in /CC: adap that Ln (i) = (fr ay oho (he) Gg) in ti orm aa nhl The mins hey at be pred iy tating fom on Hava t's 1 a ond ming cates (PB) € plat), be et 20, tone th uber aca i he tbe of al {Such acon ants te nt ston he fo aa oe eaehge (nnn wi ge nous). Hence we bain proli Sige, scone a for exter cotta grammes signet teas ge ‘Theor 104, Bury lengnoye DECC ener Prof Tate = (VAC) ad deat bem A) Iria) £m soe rane conan mth aecting the eb rac lmgungs Hens an se tht al (8) © Ce hve wf Forech 2 A thr in unig sence (posh fie) oe fr ech eat (0) ©) € aed mary tent 22 (Te dr ‘ste pred indents ung, ma) Beate (1) €C, we hve hatin syste Connqnnly fo al pote tges he felne itt tag of egvn i Ee ot cet ne sh seen Sieh ete cons, Le() Ser ih he odes constant ri . CCortlry 103. 160 DECC #. Proof The lnguage (8) nt den, bat ibengs to EC. ‘he angst ln DICC ate oot nema nd. Fo image, cor vider the enced ih ft chara) gammae = (a) (0). T.a40,0)c0) wip) = (el a)» (4D) Then Ln) = 0 Sih tt lus er ak nh langage (cai 1 sings oF wenn ‘Ben whe combi wih ered content hich ice Ue poe the Ahir spon eee tt nthe emer capac a ere ‘Tasoeon 108. BC= DECC Prof The Ioguge = (ce | € (08}) i el nthe BC ay Supp tnt Tat) fo any Sern gamit (Che) A.C Cpr ack sot 0) Ca mat be the fo 2.0) (he eal ‘Sinton sa tn the hand od the ing fa). “abe waving © A aod xamine the engin (Ge) fo = (be 2), CisCy pd) hme at en the cones Cyn we bt i se uses (pm Ste) Se) == ema wth (yen) € (Ose) © lees, oeayt xh tw tat hom stags Ste) and we cr cnet ota aiher sgt his re lady fn'S{C) or snr ofthe forth Fad Ss) (sp (eb fr mb three atin" Sle) (pesto aston Sty lceng aa th by wing conten Ge can chins ow earn of stings, ply not incu i St). ‘Coster now alts sqiens Sa) whee eer == sw un al ied rom tng in (2) y some range, bt ot Belg eu 'Se) Freshen hee toto ih ag = sing Se ct Cy ro fe) we obi sie rog nS) ot ‘vig wih ang wich tien fe th ng sting), be ‘sic es pec of tng S()) Cone by taking string 3) Tors de dnd eae she rings tained ty easing ome cote rm th ‘Sing Suh tangs vibra (zn whe ae we an nr he (Che "ings wh canbe drive fom them ae alendy song th eg Whi ‘be eed fungi St) oy a no in St) theater ae ‘hing a ber of length on ates he gt ot the sting 5), ‘eum have we above te tae et mat oe fa length ty ‘Mow han if finda set then the new ting te n°) ands af ite oo iene onthe nth of ingen Se) (rane = roe ering whieh ere tha 2 ad ‘hte fr: by ning cess the fr 99 ands of oe fer then ln Se) or “neti” sting int snuense Ste), oo ene Now 1 bt athe ul Sig in Shee to asin ins eqn fo whi abaya oa ‘ing fom 9 preven om hh tig» bed ch that ENS 2) seo or ket fea gh he "Ths imps a ren oth me ate tng to whch me can nl oot edt sea stags get length at src smal the on tht by ang cnet fem = (poo) Teg igs wid ae sony pat nother eqn Conroe Sting wean ave ot sym a tet ques hi et iy nsring length, Teor, or bent a rest tinge gt fala od 20 L(G) ena mt en ings af eth overer, our lngung citaes "nsf length no every n> So EG) anol be eal to 2 In view of the ation DECC) TC #4 proved in There 107, the| | t | ! | / ea VARIANTS OF CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS shoe tga pon hath tn a, etm sd the we of aed atthe gle etadry iden the gneatiepwe fC {sta comes grammar wan produce Ingen which av non TC Sateen corr BC Ti ct acne Che fling ‘bt lta ote pumas ‘Theorem 10,0, 1CC = DTC4A, Prol Comier hepa = (oh {ta}, (ha) (602) aoe) The Lngang Le) in te fly DUC. Idee, appeer tat lug(@) 8 WG?) on nome (Senin) = (abe) ALCP) we stele snaah ef allyy m€ fohe)™ With no se i ne ‘ain une hat (03) ¢ oa onan amb ete without tmoifing be gnere angnt) xumloe the ngs veo" a ohne > 1. Allah ange suet la(G) = HG). Many € L(G) grads ma sing i et ‘eons ahase ont my hat hen oe aly pony to (aha tee)} m2 (Emme ermareny ep tet 0" [emer ane mee) ‘Set rm the ne nel the Sern bone} ‘atone (Father sew ee ewan |e CA, or wd A We fave >I, bene at ea a A the the sort tig In nes). ‘Coie nom the te My = (oa [cn 2k My= (aera Len ck) Mums sue) [MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS a tm the proviso, for ewes ¥€ (8 UMA tae € My cardia 0M) = ah, cana) ence, we mat hve a at 24+ 2 iain ft frm — shove, fore iy e (AU) A. Bene car is) = 3k 1, he be eM fe hid to dation = —> yt = nae posible for # yh (hy) "theme Seman nd epay IR(G) = 10 pane ad Deh 2 TC ‘Corley 10.4 Bold snchsons DICE € ICC, DICE TC oe proer However, the deteninsie fais (vn without ing erased contests) ‘Thaoram 1041. DBC CF £8, BICC Pru, For the grammar G= (leh fo {0.00.9 nya (seth nat Lez, 0 (185) Si cr 4 sm obtiy L(G) =a ~ fa” [m2 0) lek ot ent Forth iter ae we = a) flat.) abet) = Uae aad met La) = (MLE 1 We a cote ce itd pg Sinai ey forall = (ay teh 1 the agg Vin DICCCEEN), cae gest fe EV" [iss 8} (Ova) sts Bho ee)= (anh 2eVbleibetee Andee ech # € Ve $f a nom f Every tring of eg ot | [Foam be estended to the ght with aay syle The steno epee2 VARIANTS OF CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS iano detwed: Heme YE atch tee ‘ 2.7 Ian = (ce mie) | = € (481) tnt DICCICF teh fue ia) € (AFI 2) lave, 0(b.00. 9, 16) = (0.0), =f gu). l=2e4 L820, strobe = {ES lea “Tes ring «= we mil) € Land cove the Ken xcrene of mt ies ods postion oof symtal n a en pion Hsueh abel xis ‘The odeven ae of pons cue Cory teat oth ‘Tha we tes = Blac mea ar) € [oti = 2k her's alae infoatlfasfr 1200) € (dye = Bet 2 abr maya» bel sya al} nod postin nda symbol in en peeton, Hen fx ils) it Ly) hen we fe th ete oP the extreme eon tot (oul {Ein ing i en et) Sere snigCantiaiog nay we cenaly rhe em, tring of # above mix = Xen ofthe foe (el) wah ‘Mloattees Vin crn pose al ecureace ood). Sion ng ean be podscrd by wang the cotat (2) tn ela, 2 L(G) malls thal eC Lay() The cone asea obvi 10.4, Leftmost D. In the pei thee vst of conta rae we ped reiton ‘hth grammar compose Fram ow ne cosine of eal Se ofthe deat elon Seed lk ropct oa cones grr. For iatane,‘ghen'a anteaa! ganar = (hea (SC (Suh the leis terete ih tape 0 7 Puen ie ferrimnae Un ESulGMEGLEIEN, sch a hore epi = 2 wh bei Clea the fat tain) ‘20 |n20m> 0) “Tics Hoes nose ngage. Cane ala the ree 4.8). (0b, (6.9). (0% (A. sya) = 10 wen adh wo productions. ew he eonen VARIANTS OF CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS hei oe noe mae pl ofspiel 0 we bln ng of the same fet Iw ww th sc pao hen we otis 6} ad om no toe fine roduc sume be ape. Cong hate ay Gs) = WEN n> m2 0, ty te ha ine eft xiao he end production ened sya) = (Ha [nO Weal ao invite the ito tier ICP). (UF rah Pe (PIN REG), oping hes tiene ih le fas {Toei agunge sd faa fhe Choy Haare rom th fat ese sie above we obtain emma 104, 1CC(FIN)~ REGED. a ean 10.5. 1CC(PIN) E REG, a for pra Pr. Tea samme = (VAS CSC) with ite ale lex e515 69), comet the Met aonate 0%, ¥.S.Pl 0 Uae w= (sulle rosie, Pye (Sa blize alain) U (Sleeve Ael= bye v") Ute) bl lemee nde NSB) U (Gl (ey emo enh e weve) U teh—2 leew) ey ge ht LG = 16) hei ad ee iG we soled) : (nthe oer a we ae the wig rr eam 10.8. ICCB) — OF #8 forall MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS 200 Pra. Lt we ose the mx sian of the sc example bow: (8) fo). Ca*e {0}. (A) 0480). ah ine at nae pc de ty fo pin a wa Salat Ome ea co tee Sear a ie eth SESE an hpi bene ec ‘ipiptaa pan ad ater i est Perinat Siebel ct an ot a 1a(G)= (ht [n> 1)U WEEN m2 (6, 9M, ah. Clery hs Ingnage tenet fe, . song rst lm (ith REC intend of FW) teas ema 10.7 RBG = 10Cym(REG) #1 Pro. Consider the oat guage Labbe se that L = L(G) for » grammar G = (8), ASC. (SC). sg io th eet a cnet athe fern (ive!) 20 a aly atgaectrno h n arb fst be ed iva With no ln geal enn a tht ‘ath ett oe ut fee cae a pesto bt rt (his ge I ect) ery. ple ach production (S.C) ty (int) and Seb) Bean ne week is the mana tied no ype I pofacen ca br ued ser wing 2 pe etcton is Uypell wordelror promt thn the coatet add to do nt my Ho quote any stig th p >a [ate 4) ch 415 mas{s [a's € A we av toa eth presto of yp a ope Iii view of wat han stat she ett apy awe ftp te Foreey the tings aha ann Lally recy py ech at bbe Sy fors 20 For gen pants op) = tle | rb eS, farany 14 2}. There, me cn pay = pe | prarigfo 8 ng erent a (olen supe profucon appa) ten tt Za) comin sings Pb ih aay ge pal Bo {ound yp) tomer seta sige bb" ith aed Ewe Corollary 10. ICCA(PIN) = SCC ( REG) £8 (8 A,26 VARIANTS OF CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS mf Mesa im oni nt et on ena napa onc Fpammnr = (¥ ,C;0) mith ache constr sch hf = Fipiore onic poe nna! meh ith roger. Weal oe gmc n i prot mn 108. 1G p(P) ICCy(F), 1CCpa (FY ICC, Fe arity Prof Toe «praia 6 = (¥ AS C3) (Sus) a ote ASC Sus CoD EN HOM biol, bf theme ype a Toba yr by Peat) = Ly) a) We yey nthe dey Sy and 2 ye 9 i. yh wm it of ae (2) Thu ofthe production (02), (0.29) cho nothing, Te dsvatn ¢ oy yn ng te ofthe podectons (8G, 1 T= m Wie e = saseny = sonny fe #9 © [e0) Ge Hi # te Ue erations ayy was we not ((), 1000) em Be ape) ‘Watton Hoes) = test we may m em po raion NaNCtS COVTEXTUAL GRAMMARS Po in @, ie masinal nC, hen ee masa a in, 0 we hae the Note hatin he pot th py sont an emer similar to eas ik inal nt ah La 8 “rh nations shove ae proper. Moreover, Berm 1030, CCIM 10CKRECD 48, 0&9 Pref. The lange ie" In 0) co be neat inthe YM mode by the rae = U(oshehtb) He. lee) camo generate peice al coated mt be fb fe Oe) bute eed cone fate) dr toate the ne ‘toed of regs Bc = ‘The copay of Lemna 107 may aug that the mana pri do sean ek Tea eset ny fee amine 1.11, FEC (REC) ~ 16 ‘Pro Coie th ngage ri) = (Qh asin p pei esitions nae th ura ts) Pha hE Il oD ACS i SC Bo GAC gto) fore 2 Omar eng iba ts 18 ral ao ope thera net pe dal one sng tue onsen “Te arate se rt drains ° From Lem 105 aod 108 we gt tat be incon ICC 1CENREG) ae pope pepe) ay wees NS emma 3012. 1CCa( RBC) ~ 1CCA(PIN) 48, 0,8 © (0,0) Pro ison oe ha he goes (n> HU smth poof Le 0 ac eed yn at Vein arbitrary ngewe nnd conta ofthe form 0 (a) 3 © rand| } 2 VARIANTS OF CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS ‘et one tem mst be soit with strings of an abies Now we mone compa the ain Fl). pr, web Tote emma 10.48, FCCPIN) FOCUREG) #9. 1 H. Prof The Inge Le = {aah | om 2 Lam 2 ane ener inthe est er harman sn rr y= nn ena tonsa coale.s os ater iene ces me ma eat te aa phemcmena is St *Conteqeatly, bth ICCiyUFF2) and 1CCiu(FEY) contain lage In yew of Lammns 105 an 5, oth LCC PEN) and ICC PON) arene in FCCUEIN). Somers, fo gun crs eh ‘Leman 10.14 FCC{ RBC) = ICC(REG) £8, 0 torr ‘hk de Prof Coie he gare (= (8), 1. (0) 1,8) Ge )40°% ae) 1s oly» oie he gramme cnr in te ptevoa pot Wirt (= bya) y(t) abd me ow nti gee soln TeCCREC) 2 own 1025. LIV ~ 160, #8, «1 Pol Cee iaragige = et | 1) ad ane sha 2) t= ate nC. Inconel weet Gere niga ih cr ogee Gece eel const yeh Gere COypeaz ces Thtdmans Serr vemtee (oo) (rade ee hers whch ‘ihsae ssa ¢ 30 Coa sh ating yo th al ‘Tay ning fhe rm beg 1,7 2 one Fh f 2 pease eae ed, Thc atng ote in CSTR le tm pe Metre con Ye ea MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS me yf 16 hp om pe al th "The stamens hese fr the ee of the mana Mf dev emma 10.16. ICC(FLN) = 16C4(RB6) £8 © (9,1 Proof. We nly veo prove tat dhe ender bone engeage Li 10(P tt) Thee cay me or = (abe fobcn (0 09D, (1 la) ave Ln) =F . om 10.17 1CC4(REG) CCS, forall Proof. A eeigiorerdsinalin of « cnesaa ramen weking in ‘ete hicieron tanner began ab CRE Sratheing he previous lemma, iin ‘Thora 1012. The reins nthe diye in Bgee 20 dll Ai roa ats proper sci" Al fe ol kel y «path the ‘arom are incapable, expe flog sore ps, foreach fe UCCyu (#1), REO), UCCiya( HBC), REO) (UCC REC), LCC (REG), (ICC ut RBG, ICCA FE), UCC pa REG), ICC (REQ), CACC FIN), (eR ICC ya F209, {Frat e sve pi (F ) we know that F, = Lae 104, 10.40, 10101011, 1011, Sod, Wb, maori) Conjoctuses. 100(F1N) CCF, IOC (PIN) S CF. Welw hie socio by pining otha relation nd red epee seat lagu, Me and yn Sete can be eine by pa ‘ih somes che eid detonate ben Scud eae, Of ore, Ms 1CC4( RBC) ow € (pr, pry no cts fem (6.8) 1 can Se an bt we tod ch ents race sabre Wee ince Onthecthr and My # FCC REC) fo fe = (lab abe (8 (0,45,0,9) (be H0.0))) cea hve Me = by) = Lapa0 VARIANTS OF CONTEXTUAL GRAMALARS “The lngvge Mo belong ol fr aie obtained hn rege ceo a a he game (abe) DAVE MCh). PS roeyiRec) leayutnec) —FCCIEIN) aia aN ae a ae 1oeiput 10) Sa | fiw ue 10.2: Rains ete ft engages dso, (=r al (6 x3 (be Mn nd he pr i te a eed he i oe) 10,5, Parallel Derivation oe waa det devon —y ne ee on slcacomeet pi, wth 20 ‘eon hema ade of dervatin,te sltor el note the ‘Sword satrap seto, bt ote eon cma pitas essonn MANCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS m {or the ean the sem tha he eagle ved stig Si te etn valine inte to aoe fa pall deans A le ing desepeed no eeton eG ASC S.C) be oma ar, We dane Fate ME renin omysmnnin sen, for nm Ein E815) Se 1SY) SmrZL We deot the langage ented in hs wy y Ean he at of sud angings gree by granite Poetic by TOC P). Whe {heats raed th son FCC ‘Thelin amps so hat para ean ("4 {a,9) be" (OAD), ‘yy, AB L1G) = (ee n> (ouch rng hich can be eid om the sing Pe cetnne xc oe fisting ob alone utng He, ea deine tho ot ‘Sed cots ca be prone wn xa to ees ae add, the ober efoccuveces ofsyaba he nc yon) sad 19{62)= fo" [n> 1h (0 eay smb in sting # mend Lm apm, 20 we bain a ‘ing he ag thm ote hat ath haw rie ae determina hl ode ‘Thaorwm 1013. ICC) CIC). Jor al fami F covtiig al fue egneye Proof Fors entatal gram 6 (,Ay(SiC)) (Sy) me sont the wanna Sah (h (ai Toe ality La) = (0) abi, sd owe be ae ncn ie proper ‘Stan 1205(°7] onan never nals aang Bt ey or Iter gang ie IC(AR) soa Ts 3) ‘5 Note the eeu of heel content the pos above Oo the ‘Thooram 10.14. Thee are fica ejoages which do ao uy toe 106, fom! 2 VARIANTS OF CONTEXTUAL GRAMAARS Pr We conse he na lngsage stu UP In Aan ha = 0) 0 0 ASC fa. iL aa 1, tar re cote tte fom (0) € fat) andthe) suck tsta jo pea Lames Leo Glbet, {lr inance, the be bore soni con ewe fo meting nbs the ic" of wing which ede to pei sig) Suppose thatthe i an ger m sch that fe the sig deine treet singh 8, "Ton tae a Popes aaa ste At oe fae ngs mk omdcinn Come fom ey sig” we can sive nl on ein e ueea refr ings 5) amine nw the sguece of stingy wie ea be gett om stings ea hanna ane = for (dere wa ba Stan th orm) cmier al pa cnt, tag compe ot ‘Searels ony ha oft (00°) ve) BoE ite eit some! (ehh ee be ite, Tbe Hing rst ky. Bath te dentine so ay ee) aad at ay (Pete eyo awe he wa he eo sige bed a Site Ty)» At) ke a ai) le) Wg ti = = BE, we canine ht Std gratis “Te now a ait ting st canpave seth ith he leh sts ing bled om tsa aon Hap Form Sy ae {EAC inet min tetsu ie oe wa btw abet he sme te 0), ae okt geil progein fre af them. Howe, ow ht Sink uon of rrp canoe theta es ihe grammar C enn poe len 9.0 SI, cniaion Wo MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS 2s he fc that ot Lhe ean = (espe, 0G (Nee {Satie pesto pape noite pvr eget) Corollary 10.6. The fhes ICC), for any Fae nt coed wer sin stanton and fe mrp ‘Prof vin The angungs fs =a UP, Ly © ah fm 1) ae in 10 {Phi} and tren HECG(PIN) (ces 1013}, oa LUE at ‘Conatention. Pa ya 19 (fF lod bon, bt Bt (eben 1} Ua US neh cat Be TOC, (ee ‘ine agin! th roto Then 1019), Merphoms, The guage =e Ua¥ Ua grated by he gama (o.tedh lobed.) 40.0%), (2), 044,0.3)), (0.8L) 0B. Wah he mrp dad by Aa) = fe) = 8) = Me) =8, we ota M(d) = Uy ahve Hear AD} € TEC ° "The nelwions ICC (FIN) € ICC REC) € LOCH) ¢ ICE C5) sue probably pops (ctesponding te Whe aco Lemme 84) "Pom the Behaine 1CU{CS) © HCCWIES), 1ECq(CS) © C8 (obi) wo the ‘enna ICC{iRE) = C82 (Theres 5) we obi tha te elson Toeste8) EHEC (RE ener ‘Teanga provide a tern ik eee pall eaine {or cnt grammars Lndemae ete. Thi elt compatbe wri the one in Lear 8.1 and rer Unk erable ema arin ond wearing Svi ‘hone 101. DOL. c ICG). Prof Let be ngage in the Gly DOL. Thon he i the a ibe, eo Pal epi a Utne) Contr eta, YY eid alm Y= (we V|acalyhan(a forn2 0, Y= eV [threo 2 Lane tha a4) foray 92), W=V—MUW)= fee Legato) orale 21 fray >I thr i > sch a aL) or eth € i, date the salle fom the dein of Vb Deaote an the amin cmon mail of (na |e © Yi) ty» Chal, TESA cae thm thy 1 eeon ‘VARIANTS OF CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS or each 6 € ty, deote the atm fu the defniton of by me dete the Iga seat of st me [81 15) By 9. Comey, Teaphinceher ay seu snd be Asortlon 1 Let ea arhary spl rom ¥en n> gr snc that sah sine form me where ve sash of Vs. Toe there Wea) 2am for a29 W)saies reine, mewn n=) Pr of Asvron 1. Supp tat Ani ot te By indsve reson ar Toe ht foreach fered ack a ssn waa al te ai ev wo {oni 3s Mah Paper rom tha tone we cm bain by indaton hat of Since weave epost Astin {ntti foe esr Ald $1 twee dye aipihn(s) with wns Ea SF Gimmngony de elgo es heen) ~ yt flns tee ar ape LOL yates ta tt at othe atone) echinacea ey ‘Now we ot hata ote ria with ie cae = WAC.) re sna a APA) PH) Wea w= API, a2" ww, c= (1. tome on and lW(0) = (0), [uar = HO), ree K, Wesbal poe hat £6) = i MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS as (G) We have A.C L So ts eough to prove that ie £0 Uy(G) snd by gr ihen yin Eto. Theat that = pls thal 2 = Daintree baad, evi 2t2 han y= aitniyeey eau, cts bl Take se aay Gt 2 12h Thats ae “va erie ta) wih ain) © a Te yiaed 0 Se cir mek dat Tih = Ho) mh tha uae = Ba). We bin ey Bdetay sar) = we. etlons that y = Pr (e). Sine 2 Lye ae A) fart 20. Comoguety 7 = ho} 2 (2) Wien to that £2" wrens Qeorraerren we twe “Yuen © A 6 IO) sere an 2 anki p=. To hn Wa pov he on aonb indton om Tie nea, thie sot tat ance °° (0) A, Sappome dat apeterh(a) e Eg), We have fo thom tha PHOT) E LLC), too, Dota x= ASH} aod y= Be). Show php ts hme Ime (Ute). Hex €¥, thet #24. ana ely) 211, oad eatanen stan we (8) € ota) SS The oobi pe Stop mw that ihe) #8, Sothae ite € Ys and n V7." sah tnt ¢ = nein Avtrng te Astin [thre ae 6 27 and ema al 1 emia fo oh sie, orn eV" een for syag eU%, ee sa (oe hae writen m= mtg 0. Te toowe that» = HM) = Meal) whe Ls «5 and save Ve fame € Ur) Seppe ta tpl (2) 08a # Be ee OE teen ther Bis) Lyfe fg ett eV Thing tha chive = Mpeg Ae Seren, ovine igi tnt {Bleed eee as Hewiche nase Weal pov that «= Maoh oh",/ : : ! | i serra ae ‘VARIANTS OF CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMIARS an Suppo that + > ¥. We have Aa) € Fini) Soe x, € suse) flows tat 62) € Sle), Ths ta Sufber" a) On the ther an a = Wem) = Ha) ‘Gen aah ="). Coomeguenty ne ean tha Bo (a) Sa fr 9 EV" floes at h(a) = Wee wu eH ar) = aa C@) HPL). Moe, we Sota oat Ho) CFE see) 2 Mes ane oF Cini ihe ewe deompoenhe lowing wa xtonuntonu. aay rom the don of (6) we on at ries A yh AS) etc gag ih ‘at thet Sr aghton ny = [eed Sem, Coe a) a the mappings he!0 3 dtd ek hao Ui sen € fh and wae VE ft ‘ram be ddinton olny oe tha ya Be tied mn aca Qe, 4 by jing parte enn ech ete 1 appa a Eee neeten aEm (4° pect dees a deiompestion of ting ascetic eee Iesknown tn ot lft guns te DO guages, case PY (ohh eompention) nen fenton ang. omeponding 1OCUPIAYE ICCj(P TI) the netwon DOLE ICCG(ETA) pope all ation ei triton ete avid ecto wd Sane ‘of lcs cant considered. 1 il ry ml ar (hn Tekin Perinat araccieeaatenen teeters {tdi tons one gra ene forty alphabet U Ind f= ig(@, whee © = (Vs oe rn oe dered tg ww) ae eee ee cea, eee To aerial grammar Gm (V., (SC), ~~ (SC) we def the ‘haw (VNU AAUS CAI lyr u ‘ow conse the ngge 1 = (ued In 20} U(0)* (ee [n> 0) FSuey MO re zs eng maimnnin teint thee adm ase | ‘wadecation se, A cnatinn fh ie ton and Ue mesial ‘eae eration ith mara ftee s,eay rt e inl drt), dtd any Uf ne HUGEY nz 0} UL, wher: € Sylun)E Gio SS HI SKS, and each 21 S44, atl, tat for eh 1S 54 tthe ino x22 "This angange iin POL: Idod, L= (J (0, wher #2 foe? = stat rl £5, for Sr em, ee a DE wa wc eae ino tothe lg ll 1 he) tse sort iin ag ® 4) ll a 3 Tile ea Fe ‘Se th face CCF) hae sce rpsentaicn pope. Hat me sn nl one fe, ‘Theron 10.7. Fer language re morpho Iya) = (2 6" wap 2, be we A) Rebs chat Deoreas VARIANTS OF CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS IyaGe)= {8 [n 20), Spa) ice |= € (08) Bosh he aguas ae noma fe, But tee i ential ie rence btn the thee af Sins th rept to hoe ‘bia age depo parle, her he degre of palin a ec foal ti ieee or iain pa Shae Sp as ME (Cet the de seh rape to grammar = (¥451.60 Moar fb dni = 0 dn) = inp | ds yw. A wd 1G) = eed.) Ly. Pinal, for «ange dfn the degre of para ith rept to ‘pamas wih Foe Set) = btn “Ther fr te grammar Gy Gave we has dp) = co and apy 28 as ay toe a 0), wth F ies apr (Gs) = a8 dpa ga) =2. rom the pot of view of the dap of palin, th diene bee svete a8d mga hie este (and ae sxpected) or tans, ‘ey itn language Lae dry) =m bt ery ete gang Srprn() =0. Howe, neve "Toran YO. Bor ney a> hee by € HCC REG) rack hat Soran) = Pr Consider the rae 8} Ala fa (0.0). yun) = sey fm - [MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS a H teaGe) © Ly O) fe any atamnae @ = (08 A [8 C3), (S.,cin ae to bo toasting ("oa sng a with ¢> tive to ody ating oP s0 we ud tat nent kos dpi) > "Aone en alo, dop(a) =, 0 dopa (Ga) ° “The dere of ara ie sential prameter (rata, wh cote sidering the rt fet ements Seton 152 bs), ‘Siticnataal tak where not tempat, oa ariay gramme langage We exper pave anor or rama ith sar Se ‘We eave thie pote operand we nl tomate baw granu with es ‘hoe Werke ith car odcne make al ac bln led ose ‘eof aati wee ‘Theorem 10:10, If Gi a ahrery ranma with nar coe, ee ply at erly compute Prof Tae mpl of may ond et (8 (80) einen) Coie the coding h (8) — (0) Se by Bla (ST) nate lng Bay = fey -2e mii, 122 Ha (2c mie |= €f0.8)) he tay ee 2 a ly he Rat Conan Pn Both acing ey dL a nee ora gent 2 Smee the context grammar B= (oshcethe (2h (S.C SiC)ASED ASCO), sist, 6.2 Heuminin)p it sés 9), GE, Peart G2 ‘The deritions at by sme apportion (8, C) fourteen te co pu nye mifng) pe 4246 mihi.) Sane Sayan eee la) ahi De at nytt obtain ring in thn th li dc be aed ‘i that el heal pee of he tet ang wl be teal abc ocaanes of an insured by sing hn in Inept af how many oesuensn oa edn Comey {Sin wil ay tht brig erp= VARIANTS OF CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS ec be en tha the oe ofS; meat ht a Mle gp) Tian ely fe ot Covent role or 2 hae 22 Sic (are g(@) =F > ahh mon that dp) cock be np lorie e Corollary 10.7. The poten Corollary 10.8. The poem wher o at dp) i tet tdi aw rb roma Ga er Pro Weselace the produto (5, C3) (Se) nthe consction ef late srta, ein tose thn fr the grammar osm in hia ne ase do) = Tee te Pest Coraponises Prt rsp haem cle, end aX) lenin obese (ie unbey off wea intr expats) © Thaore 10.20. There no alii for computing dap ul) Jorn erry 6 wth tar hie ‘Pro With th maine ths Dining ofthe poo of Thar 10.19, come te grant B= abet feb S, CI8C8). (8) S4CO), foarte, 6 a & 82 hiner, 6 Aoi the proc of These 10.14 ean be sen sd oly ithe Pox Crespndenee Probie orb ise en the dation eto sing (8-6) 54) ol eat "he degeo pralinequl to Theor ibe Lu) = ah r= CabodW honlehiSvGih, snd een dap lya(G)= lot ly ofthe fo eee rags Mi, Af abt of (0 bee (aerey! [nz Hh MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS a ‘A inthe prot of There 10, we cam me that dorextlga (= Sorel) r= anges, deur) eter 1b, pending on wht ot ‘the Fou Coreen Pee fos bs tenon wih ne ah o Corollary 10, Te problem wetter ost depp aC) = for en sry oth hear Choe nd ude Corollary 10.10, The pola whe o ot pe qa) ite se ne oro ehtary grammar Oh tar chee mde Prod We tepace (Sy C(S,C) Ee eoseation in the prot ef ‘Theorem 1020 %: [OtOHOtd), ye {Oa Se ta Stay Tet forthe gamma ota me ter dpe ga) elo pl) Go mabe (net degre pall a ewe hve byulG)= MU Malas ere MA ar abut of Eu) a ban ( [no Inthe cod cm dpe a) ‘Consauanndppiy\ ly) nec , epeding on whether oe nos the Pst Capon Probl fr 3 ae cna 3 “The rear in the pro of he pei nea theorems ae not ect, We ore hn serine ana, eh 10.8. Blocked Derivation 1 dct wth pect a wont gra latent ng Ste septed inthe gened ogg Ths ict‘ Chray gam iin ony tsp espe that ans hick or (0) = (e€ Lf) |e 90 EV" eh bt eym VARIANTS OF CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS er nn. ony ha 0) ee ea frat anette tngenge tbr, aa BEC), BICCLPY, BICC Se When PAR oe ot wig easier oe single example a 12) 10,0),0.2}. 0?) = (0.9), a) Bec aye sting of en gt a be farther deeloped and 6G) forin2 2} me ott 4)= In) Pro ME Vis we gun, te = Ba) fo 6 = (VL ico wih go) =H als © (as eatin pm ede a Eta! Biv icevenN) my, fora gamma = (VA. C.2) we hve» deco ep 2 tony euenny = 3. mh 0) © pean a he FRA This gf) C8 namely Bel) = ee Ae wln's cps, wl pie BICC Pa 2 Ineo, the BICC) aw ae teint. The ly ‘s1Gcs 9) tas ty a agg (cron rhe ity a psig pot aa hr se hg he wos ‘Theorm 1038, LG V4 ach Wal Y= Eo fie ten be Breet Pr For ch ew dee f= mane | € 1) and onic tie ge GSW ALC le A= (eeu| les ).U0 Gutta leei s oleae), eur=6, Ge)=8eer" Nostig nV Als fo be ein, fm nt BA zrzimilej=btlister-Lerts isi! fey ees ser = be nosy eet ain) 2 athe rot af this ection we sal ivetignte BECC(E) fans cntting of hingeogs Du) whch nde po ing that Hoe he detent MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS ms ester aetna wi the he ried aly Penal ste is gue fr snl ganas =F chaly a ine neem nd wns) emo 1018, Sry nga te oy BECCA lon Pro Te b & V7 € BECO. WL ia, he Y*~ 2 wily ina then cane waa = (ii Di BalO), tenay 2 Lot tne we dein oe ee BE VITL sel toad th men lng ef ome hata ta ea ges ves ag nd oft sm ‘Taorum 10.23, The fomien BCE) 0 icompeal ih lois BEC") Jor Fen fomiescontnng REX Pr. Fo th pois oman we al tat BEC, bt ticle mn BCCIREG ‘Coney the sami (ith glace) B= bh tah.) By an em sodaton of he contacting in Laman 86 (abe fite sutomatan if hick epi th sc fats nich he drat (ae sarane grammar cnet be cetiaed td ied theres 3 = ota) there eel ate 3 nd yn hal ae oN Into te ier gram we otan ‘Thoorem 1026. BECCIREG) CLIN ea 10 ah br wo neil ha may ged see pot of BECCA oi “horn 10:25. BEC Ja, for xy fom of ogaps ca ing REG, are a ed mde vy mst Hane es “neve meri,“ lod seer wen lew BECCUF) wl dod se gr oe nue Ly = (2 [n> 2) fa = 4 fm > 2) eet HEC REG) (tea, y= Ral) far = oh oh a Geineoy mth are) elena) Aaih oa uly oe (aaa Sielaearabee Heese 1 inmate. Bab abr we Coaeieie ‘lene 6 for L= a} we hae = (a) ¢B8CC.a VARIANTS OF CONTEXTUAL GRAMBIARS Morphims, L-= {8 | n> I) Bel) fr @ = (8). 40}. C0, (3.8170) wh ft) > 5) 2,8). With the mori hed by Wa) 7K) Divehi Mh a= awe) # BBCC sere morphine. For L~ (a [n3} € BECCIRECG) anh eed ty Me) see cia FHL) sat Pe] @ BCC. Intersection wih repr lengosee Tot G = (WAC) a0 BS separ wots (UA CU LN 2) te we) sek, v0 (hogan, Fett Assad ating V"— ean devlpe indie wing the conten (3), swelnne Bu(G)a = Be) e @ECCLE ornding tha Fis cle onder Toston i esa ing o 10.7. Depth-First Derivation Te pwn nol, Huot be si to ens. rar nmr nh i amt tina Soo tec sep neo the tae! note (the call epee Seveton bin comnton wth HVO sees (ta io a he intl bedi devon) "Ths sugges atari of conetol grammars oe: wing the lett ah ana that tof mer fe cant aod Sih reed tfc ee stoma eying fs one ace te cuvent werd emote ae ‘ate expensive magne tae the operation Speedy compet ‘oi rua he ward tke ape) te pean fo eke deacons ‘seh ar se Teale, at every te wring nw goto fe iho ih er worked me pronus ep “Fhe pam ako hae pod «posterior mataton: they ae able to ane fa he nin ntl sete ntl eggs ‘atone i ctiane above, ruplin nd cowed dependence othe nding intersing fe hari pols ove the ac thatthe emp ‘enn gratis in how rma bean ing co el ‘Bing the paso work witht dig the een word ‘Gine ontetal grammar = (V4, SCS Call fie a gift dervetion aC na sein MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS 2 (0) 0) A, ti the ale, (6) reek = 23, ‘Slated ay der toe ye bere’ s4 thal 5) 0) Gy, fr ane 12) Sm esl inal 2 lvl to el al >I “The afl word gsm 2 1, nena Uy det et dest in parma pla all mr, ensaten the languge geen by 2 EE at manner nd i dented by Ly ‘The fan angages L(G) for cotta rma wit Foie tn pny wing the yy content (1), dota by FCCP) we {he tation ICC (F) a he py sno ale, Hew we oa ony gure ich PW and RBC leon. lat fet eae oe eng foot) (0, (0.09) rom and na prom iter be fe owing ations ahh oa “The word cua che sate, 2, bu the abe induc nt — ee eed est word a nly he word-anetr al can be ed on Uo freon: We ca oh yao tah oy cea, nah oy anal. ‘The poco ct be aed, we 1G) = 0H [0211 Hata). 40.99)) eb fl = abet Eli) = oh al): ae abe Ewer, te potion (44) th ths ting = 8.0. at) (0.B))AHABADD,ea VARIANTS OF CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS sw gn ve L(G) = (6 [m2 1-H bo dion hy cele onthe ues how the sc step eget” the pevomly induced pmol and ewe hr step oes of the hsb ening wi =H, “Contr ee = (ashes, foed ab, (6.9). (a Asin, to fie! derivation ep can be poe fom the asm: ed ng antec o ety ass @ ‘To he fet word w can apply only the cond prodnetion of Gs (he atv sa is oered by test), an tthe stb word wa 9 aly {efi pocuctonWeettaa rapes abod mg eblend tiled 4 sae “The ol ae neha 1 hea ond me ao apply onl the (oducnn eng word of them (2), and tte aad wed i appl nl these pofuccn,pting* weed fhe fon)" oc a be teri at ey se the numberof a ounces ee fC tas) in her olor flat to ne. There, (ere emmonio 246) Hee | 2 I Conder nom the grammars 65= (ah fh (EV 4 Go (ahd, abe 2}.1600) eHaeDyibtetdt, (8) L4(63 taG0 ce sone hr dean nx of he reas: eer |2¢ (a), oe [nm 1) cme uray ange sash anton, MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS a ‘Oe nthe ae of Ga hw the dept rts fr the ew cnt tobe aed it ely a tn, ns eeng yee no ‘We om rey invatgte the poner of cotta tna wih epi ‘st dian Diy fo eis, he emma 1018. 1CCq(FIN) © ICC @(REGY ICCHFIN) © ICO REC: ICC gH) IEEE), Fe (FIN REO), PIN €TC% HOH RBC CERF) S ICCA. Fe FAW € 1204 Thelanguge L(G) above dn aha pumping open Lemos Sot nmol ia ICE" for asamp tah tee emma 10.20 160 (FIN) 100 #6 Pr. Coe he rae G= fae oh (SiC) (8.094185.69, Stating fom axiom wal wing the ft podcton, we an gael wns Pin BL Toa wordy son ofthe alice to peloons rae apple Stig fo cant wing (C3), weet Sec The md profes cao aaa nuns Alo ng (3) ie ed ton i 20 pte er” A es wing 3) eo precio nt tpplcaetwe oruvencn oa as todd oa Sea ee aly tf em ec (9) ab ea Arh bt oe ‘tjdae abn en ns hw a the er ere CEP ay BOLE ay BONER eg In sonchin, Le(G)= (UC In > IDG [n> 1) Ths nguage i not he CC fai onder Ko tan words a wih iene we med a ene (oa) 2} S Lame to wet ‘sa 03'S tb apd a he ‘ich conde the prog | EM LATE) a contracns ‘Ae ee hae avady atone, the we fhe my emt emma 10.24, ICC(E}¢ 1CC), FE LFIY, REG)ma VARIANTS OF CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS Prof Te cotati amar VAIS 00) SHEV SABI WANS CIs 2) and tac Sous = VU (40) Ch, oF (0) €C, for ome 14S). esha al) = La A Sy We ern "ie nclson Lg) L(G) obvi Gnome ts hr rp cotes ich chang nthng Tiare tha lat patina to snuck dein i in nein maee"Asume that weave scare word of he fem Fosesrs (wa hte onli he ots noe st) a Ghton Wise ree ayn mens tee 2k ene, the mle word ie Sey euamsy Use te production (Sus (44) we tain sd ona iia by he i of he ery ined py wot ‘Coen, ae a0} Ly ( "he rote eomplae Wioat ing the empty conte, the ation afer ‘Lema 10.22. ICC(FIN)~ ICC y( REC) #9. Pre. For the grammar Ga Hlaeh tee ll00M a L(G) = faPea | ns 21) However, dae) € 1CCg(REC) Asa the contrary, an take = (eb Ay Gy.) aut Lal) ee ‘ene nadine osha nod then iter the smb of 8 set {ones aan the Het Ge tb of un b ocecenes around the ‘Mond car aaltornny need, hot ot bet he i cere ab Siithe ond ctr feb enn ine Ame tht we ene Wetec ocbworr oe und, tec cue wie ‘Thefre we be eal mg ohaherevntvrted, MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRASIMARS ne Site iam Baa ah see tra nat gn el Scere nen ec cee eet sour weenie com rweaasace's Sint Tae ro emme 138, 1004 C8 oposite wi er iceman cs | roe3(ee6) _— | ea) seeain80) | socyien | 7 ——_] soowrtny ICP) 4 Figur 103: Relating btn fof ange sgoerated ith ep drain emnmn 1.24 ICC g( REG) ~ICCH(FIN) 2 Pra Chay, the langage g(a) cir te begining fein seson eno be gerd bya patane With ite lcaseen ig te| 20 VARIANTS OF CONTEXTUAL ORAMMARS Sythe he pei ma, ne ave ‘Pore 10.28. The fates the dagen the arow dete oer mtn nyt emis at bed by ‘i dagen ae cpa fhe psn ‘BEC fry, forth ue low oly tha FCC (FT) BEG 28 Tw 1CCy(REO) fry iomparte wih CF ngage L(G) the pea of Lr 1030 ote, gang L(G = 3A oat Cote ee Abe ICC3(PIN) coma on conten gage, bene ICC(FIN) CF # 4 is wot known wheter ont Ute ar content-free Inaguaes ich ane wt FCCPT) or nt LCC (REC). 10.8, Marked Derivation “Thien of drain in ante! game i sort in oe Ube one: the dere poco etna ed cede aig om {ex ape Te oer wt be eh he eh a ‘ase dating oem, tane the se ope tao tos, nm he ot sameway etiam eet en at ad ‘lo. lh erepnde tot tal in peng tha ural iangages e marked fr cmp state reat suc om ‘he wo-all Marer Hypa (oe 88) orm, onan gra with mere erin contest C= (Ane poh whe Vek. nu eal ami, a8 "emia one and ithe mapping electing the terminating cote ors gamnas Casket dete by the apg use an amas (VA Chip) aad by oe, fore [erin 4 deeton sep mare {Ens in Cy ated (niece intra mode, mepectie ‘tte ty te napping Thea the Inge greatly i the mde Sele.) bea (eV [wag yi or we Ave LalG)) Note tat a asim € Ain Le and ely if (8) € Cd (A) © ‘ore be generated eave fen ster no “i dite by CCF) PCa) he far of Langage eerie nahn ara sad th ates raprtiny by pana th? cher "in ad actions, tf sponges thon MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS a hee ne 9st BC IG retold nape Fo “hs oxpce, the pouty f taping the eration aw pci moment Pra Roran weary lanenge 6 = WAM LAYMAN AWD, e2)= (iu ae), ore” S12) = (0), orb (Ve the rae Ton pi Lyf) Le boi (dation an be ended od uly ‘ota gfe) Corollary 10.1. BCC TCH. ‘Theorem 1028, 6) BGge — BCC # 9:68) BCC REG) CLIN. Prof) esp te tht the aghage a8, wich ne Kaw int in the BCC (lama 8.7), poet in the oxen moe the snr G= (8). 8). 0) C0 (i) Conidae» mid cnet graoar 6 = (V,A,Ci Ca.) 0 thatthe mar fering into whith each teen C3 yt tetore Them 10 tart» dete by ited cote fem Ch then oie the poo f Len 88 ith ‘hin 0) = La(C) bn ECC REG) EL La toee|n> m2 1) U{dedim > 2 0) Aan a = Goa gad = (ab fh iC) we ava (V4, Cye) we an gee sing of he ome 1. with ay esrb ation ete fan {a's bred (he detonate om aim ef he fom de itor 4 >, aa ones e nine whch cae ‘he mating of ne of te yl ab and then tte) o he ‘nets ca bol bth fo sens cosing tbo afer Sings maining toe syed (he ores af a of dail by ‘tin been he ber of ad the mea ecu)eo VARIANTS OF CONTEXTUAL GreAMMARS {eto d'bi and these atone old eth for stag he et erent ond pe he ame neue abo 4. ring hie nt of te pot tee forme ad which do aot ad ‘meg in L(G 0 onene im Can be ane he) sh Incas (1) me have to finish he deviation ying one (at, Me) or (auth sane tn sone ws srry o the amocated Pain eee {andj ina Incase (2) theron ly ne acon trot epevly td agin lotion aping het sae ts Seto the ings ye (2) nee (8) teeny pole ots the whith a beat ly fo stags in Ina ea, the soley set ede eatin cnet of stings the fren au", wha, 3'€ fede Af and eter + >t Line ht sis 8, In thie way me an ete Ingugs f abtray comply In wha follow comida iho infin foment sscthng the ad vestetn meine ove. The fam of oeaage The nos ECC © ECC ICCC ICC ate ovine As exited, hey are proper Tat, Eloing toe et ee ‘Theorem 1032 CC TEE, 160 TCR, ‘Prof For the gama = (loth (O(a) [m2 09, ll} = (Qo) m2 0, L(G) a 02 0) Ue" | 2 ‘lange wich dst ae the BS prop 2 enon the TC Fai Je) f6d. (Ob) Hl a) = oa" [n> 0) ene jn > 152 O}UAE, re A ng oe (ah) congo eins ae, aang “Shah po tay ae fee) nm ni Py ryt hel Hoe ie or Whe ECC a 16 tie, we have MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS 288 jeer 1083, The CF fami rape wh beh BCC od Pro In the proof shove we sd Innguge in BCC ad ICC ich en ete ie he a Iago Watrara™ [Asn 1) Poe ingen af th maaan eno cnn ome #8 Ioapective af bw log wand rch Ca aad = won fr © {Cescoent al he sings nab one, whic not pone bce trea te sto tone, Theor, bg BCC ‘sme now tha = L(G) fora sas = (8,4, C;) ith ad te thre re sige = € Veh ha {32 20. Sack tings» mast be bade of sang btw exe {Ge eae fom of cote (2) acted wih thes bye oping Depending on the frm of oe sings ithe et aeons Niger tan thes trent he’ symbs ened ing the Item Dat ab ih cama beshie, of gem Ls oat canta be el for drsng 9 poo a fing abba wth ee noah 4m Th pe ht toe ecirecs of ntodced aledy bythe aon ih Sntniny sane 4 aie "Tra, lngge£caot hea te FC nly. © Based on Patterns (Gen n= Ie mite sinpy = (1) eer eng te (V UA) ald tere” Noe that een the stag nV yc pte 1 pater sets al raga ot fran, aX decries st sap staring with wn overs ft see al hen con Sith to ea ring pasted by accent pb ‘vot with comin ofthe len an then toe pated sng ah Shears on vr (8). Femi gens atic 2, wan soit language wth alls oats tie PUSH he stall meine UA) ee ba), he dlae ¥, MVE tr aX 6ns VARIANTS OF CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS Tee, dln ele)= (Me) he Hs, YD) (ie abit NE sac ro aig vale camot be ele by y We ay tha the ements of Ls) am itr of the pte Nats thn hen #1 V0 we he Lael ft “The pies canbe ed na svat ater a a way of etiyng ‘he plete tera be rtd aU so sme befor tcrrng css conven a aatarl sed propenening angus, nee long dese gsc held be ster enti ig an be ‘eaufed by» salen pate). The ds othe flowing tion, C= Waar. ware V nd ae jit apes, Ae ite tof | te ab of (Vu ay (0 x) “Te sts of ll ait, Vi the termina lp, Ae the st oadrng sings soma and itin setf podetns se proce Gi seiheptcn cc tl (ate contest! gamma ach the ome ow: oe ye Vmod a Pi roesasn=ayeeget, fr sn0 €V" 21 € le), hae (Sue) € setary Mf Earspen y= mueniy reyes € Yo € Lxeleh, fr (a(n) € Pa the me 8 ata > > el ud ese € Ene feng) ME aspen siuaeny, fr rts € Vit € Lele) ‘re (ft) € Py an thre no et ae hn Hea el el and a < Fe Lge fr (CEA EP, uesny = soar, for rn9 6" 28 € ble ere (0) € Pad hte te no ee ae a = safe I< leh sd el > ese © Exe) nen) = tae, yy V2 € Lele) tere (0) € Pad hte te 0 he me ‘He ell S ese el an > Fe ba, fr NEP. sate it [MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS Po he dessin yi ld 10 Ue pte fr mode, i ' dvon the mite! el de te opr sting othe Seed ror whch am intrpeto fthe me pera cer. aed wuts divin te manna ol moe (no pope upeing a the ted edectr a inept f the cae ates sete) Std Soy are ertin tra and maa al tx, napenes {Gite aay fmsily of ator eed it pec al eter Siete ithe pomme. “The ode ibd ot o cit reaticns mp defied te wth he ‘satan Suton here the sme ari ard oe ain, ‘ed ower cal cetera Ul AU Bop) by mo The agg rue ne ya Fae ‘cmt grt dy 10 (wev|rapu erect) We done by PICa.0 © fom ME, the ain of Iogear a(@) a above in [8 whe Cay ke oe oe conser wth ra th fa Bom ap where 25 ne pte Uaeg sch le fo soi tng Padng i by we song cane by Intpeting sling into secu the Tete fd ty the pias al ys spenen then interpre in wn these way Clay cotta ‘rotucin (sos) ean he sonnel he sewing pratnn we In patter grammar Morever wen as snd ft tel as ‘eduction the frm (eas) mete lara ae pte, Wh ng fh podution we trp» and, dopendingo he ins sbatar of tamal productions ((2'} (0), with v0" € Ui omecinted with (e.(uaof Webe spate ewe af rir wi a ate mumbo ‘Sot wich dows to be tvegac; we sll wot da here, be The pater cone! gama te sie gntalion of lon sual ray iy ae ey st ee cn ec simon Tne tata the work fate contest gramme (and eae swear inthe pry feoeing nr lagunge cancun {ee grime) cnn the pany of genera he eer negage ‘dered ia San 93, Fe ule me ota 1012 VARIANTS OF CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS areas gammnr which poe pate rele thistal. Cone: Ge= (fob) fle {OND 0.29) Go (RI abe (obs, (OX (0, 8) PIC FIC Pig | PICur | PIC, In cach eon vile noah; ton, production re snple "Peso asc be tied ig engi sina tothe oes ved Suton 9. Wepre onl some ine sme a the rr 1. A tha Mf = af) fra fm 0 = (be) BP In orate great singe oP wh arly age te med neat som ofthe rs ae) Be) oe (8 a), The ft one soa sated a pt orf the frm bdo wih onan 1 lee ee val aces ff stars nha orth Xe hen eg pats bbe an be produc) lower, when dung 2°02 wth Inge ough mn con rt bor ech Ba He ean be Prainces ioe} 1 This sing ic ot a Mg, onto, The ce | mrs th frat 2) epee Comat after (0, e™) MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS a fan be acne oly with pater actor fhe frm bad agin we th uh iat a sn te en, PT aura hls ach ode fmm 8 ao belo wor that Med PCyea © (fom. 2 Amine that Ale = L(G) fo «Uf mmg).G= (fhe) A, lew have slr wil ful, © Dated mh ote (aay on hen we can intr w on peo and pd sr wh lets Te a canditin ha al esy nti 0) which we cil te rey (inal wen moking i ne te lo mg) Cer the Imai w= Coe ow the steag nn eee eae Vner ln EMG, with eeu entttunere Mee = whieh pi contain, 3: Aan tat = L(G) een € [mtn = Us) dy A) ‘te one aan ed omy pe tr sting Mf af ance eng wf moe ee. (ea len ig hoof he oe mim) Tee ih pin ue = a's and BPP a, eee, = ol < ambimah =a) AP sigs A ace een engi, se a be ne Inept w ice mii en ing ns oh mm mT me 220 fe) wrote me, oh 80 mia} ay se ie, m= ich rp 0 = 2 sonia 1a geal, paten containing atl one vale which opens at teat ee ete anon ee ngage (ne rie esMo VARIANTS OF CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS sbi lug rpete in the enced aingy) hs abs he flowing alt pana emma 1.25, PIC, —FOC(REC) #8, & (ng Ba Pro La omer the pater cnet grammar (bes (X) tbc), (6 (00) BEX GAD ‘Starting fm be si ding the et profusion its detrital ‘ing thee bdeee betes tee] wean pode a rng ‘The enond prods cn be api oly one way (sin the mn inci bose ft pone Fem fhe pr ON, hie has oy Sie peck npn nw. In prt the send podution can te Sled es ing ony when lage, orc tng be om yeahh, mp2 sesame the mind production ay one ode, rodcing wing fh hc yo hat af) = Ll), aay 6 = Wet [Soca ne cnt eee the ber of eure ose ‘On tester aod the mn st i Tre, an ine mabe ‘Toten af the aoe fanny roe tating rm teas the te frm so wy Cons the fre wo when an oecoence af bol © Tvodted dning ch deren: ee cha™ og ahbMaMACUa, 421 We mat hae =m (56) th ed prstin of (ne) Cte whose Sythe oa ta nam > 1) (oa | > 1) Let wt denote th Ingugebtained by Mf, Fra ast ne inde j me at ovine hy At 3 gla (doa | m1} te {eon we mrt Yaveconies vei, whch wa conteutcn CP" 0 (nthe ster and we ave emma 10.26 ICC(PI) € Pig © IOCIES), a (mh) Pro. "The fs inion obvious aid ite tzcna llows fom the ent toe or a pte cooteiul grant = (V4, P) we cm bd 9 eat sontatal gramme GF = (Ceaser te vedanta co Stace a flow IF ((.)) Phen we itd the pacts (Sie) as)) lato wise Soya) sland by emering al ings Wi rot nepal wf ee) Ee mee “hat fora = Fete Sf) = Le orem me chek rac ong EE Lvel) wheter notte pater ean board 3 oper ae Sci of hope nly inthe negate can for n= mpm ‘chasing Lets) eter rat waa psenoecoe in con Se inerpecd aes poper eon of coping nya neque ee Fron tte constancy Bas (°) © Lo) All operas ltalol in profecng the se (ea be cred na ell ‘Conllry 10.18, FIC, CCS, € {fms ME MS) Pr. Fo. € {fsa} he cain flows om the previ en 24 Tae 6 forrs (M, Mg) ian be proved ly, by rong ‘Teathincresng ran slate toe wah fa par emt ‘ene ines bo PC, abv iS pry. So As the roan Table 101 a rove th gal nal rnd of ner being the ptr cern very pam. “Toe owing os ee Teen Lemme 10.27. PCy —1CC48, Pras Frm hep of em 6) we know shat Ingangs = (eT 2} ent in ICC Ty sae bole er Dae a ee | 2 2)" ower, Zam be geet he Mg oe bythe pte amar (8), fae) (Ca) CKab 0 9)) the poae ‘en ah) ans be a or ening wang ihn 2, bee the ‘ten pod canbe, coving he pr by Hector ‘win the poof Lema 1 cb om the the guage aoe ict PiCa ter © [fmlriy i) We le that ayo aes Prey Picy, wha ‘Sts the ral ‘Thoorem 10.34 The tos i the age in Figar 104 hl,whre tations are rope a efi hoe nl abby pth hs Shoemart nc congue Meer vate an ab wed in he paler ae: fr ach XX 6 sles cose, the once) of mich ar) ited te ot ina tb sng ed a iterpetnons of The fob enn {te previous fi, ong fre sein fe ements Po, at we dnt gn deta re.2a YAS OF CONTENTENE GRAMMARS ‘ | / reine) Pow ing Pigs rics \ sy "ee Figur 104 Resins Maton ft ang igre ued by ptm oetl geo Bibligrphica Note. Cantera pammar with red content an with nested ete anced iL. The vlna 0 tee iS"Tieem 104 oe Go 17}. Tarn 108m [7] and be nga Ie Mgwe To fw fi. Drm rama te Rn onseed Tir "Tucnen 1010 tom i) tat dans ae todd [iPaper a finest inal dion se inte i The feo Sect Wt a uo hse wo popes. The par ation i ‘Sredeed in 00) Tarn 1015-10. ar rom (240) The par pee simon eesti (18, Ter 1 1810.0 fo (he pve and (08 conser ermal paral dation without MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS. a hep retin: inthe at tiga mambo of tt tei SANs inthe emainimg acing etre fn The generale ‘Srasty and wreath proved ee or pal fre rou deoton a poe sn 124), St 10.8 ie Bed on St 10d bond on G14) sore reste aan ft oped ‘dora feed [mh the baie! Inge epee to ‘Se panble inpolymoml Fatal ganar is aed deriatons oie a i a teen 0 ne a ‘Seta rata tra cotta gramme han fie be ‘Sete a oeed in [Conestoga with pen wl ‘Seintedust snd windy loving [4 (Table 2 apne ese, ‘her te se ae).i i CHAPTER 11 ‘TWO-LEVEL CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS ‘ne pte some for ng he poner of cnet! grammars ‘Sir annie womber of enters Seton 18 ‘rw nett ned apache wh neil contest ste colts ot gn i vance bt they are ae produced IS coment moor, by adeing stent More peel, bra 3 lols apa ngs td hee ng oe repo go nad (Pi we te pin ef cmtent (hence quran ef i) thee o po (ite neni way gt omen ih to el ne cto tet th thse tg ae cnt the de rane eae ue ton mappings ea in cotta! sama (Sch {rolex grammars cn eso sens ind of anaes, ithe ee of [deny of wo gram whieh cooper nearing {he rte eer) hora te cing her ito ese the operation at oie ‘oe esol eterno The questi bow Sve to ove fo coer, bree up Teo tind ed to otal och roc, iveleng gh neous ania 7 Acorn (126 te ater tbe Than althagh motherly po, evel ened (gammae with 2 3, do tse 0 be guia appropiate "Thre, ball camo be oly wo ee contextual ran with fit rire own coe en vets ing costed ‘ah of he ewe ease ely he ral Stato. 11.1, Definitions and Preliminary Results ‘A fwee cnet! gama with hie em cosevt T=WACDIeoy TWO-LEVEL CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS nbs Vian pet, AC Vea engage (asians), CY" 7* Tet oon BE (Peay x(n) inet odo Sint) bor seV" 2 nad pV" oA wee KIC. DS 8 12 efemtet cnatrad wow: Ne die the nton Sy 2 Gen) ny) Me reer nt ego = nin foe (sh. Ve en i word the content (ee sve ink) by simon Senta are) tao’ content (0). elected by taping ‘eiiing tbe abwerds ne) K(C,B.8) = {CE V"«V" | Go,2) i eh (ns2} EC} “Tha the tof coments generate bythe componente C.D, Then, Pony Mf eznneny=eneiiny, forsome a8) € ren, #heay eV (bythe deition fy, the and ase (0, beng to KC.) ‘Tha the langage by 7 Un)= (ee w=, wea) (W/AUK(C,0.8) poo ny hea ine nme of ome ere ta example: Cmdr he pram Tella eGehte.G.D.6e, (hee) He dsbe%d) = (ba a} em le) =K(C, 0.8) (C08) = (erdeem eee) [am 21) ff MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS ae (encoun the sumer of sites of symtot d ot ‘ago a fn bth mabey eons). Tht, eon. weve yea aM Ee F20smmZh1stsr) 1) "Thislanguge ot content and ite dest hove the IBS ropa, silent Fe” Octane sweet ‘Spot mpgs ip eet eed” and gay denen an Intute Wen deine ch ype woe grammars inthe long EMla. ced) ia es pl which eo in V- Wey ha i oye Fo ‘my Fe agg Hush se) © fer al ot Rem UL. The st of theses # ecm xe to aid sion he following pe. Take) Bvin c= (em), D={(QohA.A) (AIA, (MIDI 08.0") = (Oo) (A2), (2), ah, mF 2 Bom 0a) =D, riz 0m 2 WAC. D). Ror eack (ye heiv) € D we lve Lanes EV (4 (e¥) ©8120) “The sowconentfedefninn ois, the ngage eae |eien 408) (9, (09 € e029) (a [£3 02 Nhe 822) incor, which mideading Homere E184.) = 0" He 112 0m "Th ype fg defied mor na cotta amma, azcring tthe Iangger © t)) = fee (ut) evel (wa) © RIG, Da. “Phu, «tole coment grammar y= (WAC. DA) ha (FB) cen tw gon fain angage Fst Fy pe an iat ‘Retre, Wecoss here cly ecm whe Fi, Pyareone ef FUN REG, ‘rls tan af¢ anor insight, Te ered aie ites dn TEE mh Fi (8 HEC}i, me {TWO-LEVEL CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS W.A.6.0.6 9 wth 6 aor gpa no ic, me pas 8 andor 1 peat ‘Wo ve stand nn far of language. As we hal oe, not al "Pe ling indus ad byte deta emma 11 PLC(R, #3) PUCUF Fo all A, FPS and HA) = De ‘mpl i to have an epi tite oft” fr fe We hae Lamm 11.2. 1CO(R) & TLC(P Fi}, ICS PLCINO A) for al F, em 1.3. Brey lnpape£ < TLCIREG REG) hs te JAP prego n Prof Ths evan i content (0) © KC 0,8) em be wd in Sasvation ap osu > yon thm ta be tl ery mee emma 1.4. PLE(RBG, REG) ECS. Prof The inom ca be proved by # eaghornrd costae of ‘a ngthinsenng gramme ting» tell ents ras Ue ‘ete tow en La 3 . We yates the ican emt IL, 112, 114, we wll the Snow tons ttn Choy ffi fai ttl a fog the dngram nig laa aso fom fay fly #5 inate the fens: FCF ving sce and al that ‘hedaman be hard toate om the ee PEC) ae dnd ty FP abreitng FIN, REG, NO by FX, mepety ‘Theorem Uae All omer TUCIR, Fo) Fi Fe © (FEN REG.NO}, (8.8) # 010,10), ant onsen png Prof In Thre 8 we proved tha the ICCLPLY) foils cotine enamine lnguager "rth alos in igre 11. tat fame xcept TCO, REC), PLOLNO, PIN}, TLE(NO, NO} nll OCCT), hence they cman ot einn aguage {Constr the intra tontstnl rantat © (Vy Aa,Cog) fam the ‘oof of Tiere Baro Sng hee Poltal@)nR= (0-46-4 — MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS 0 were i = Hoan 22,1.4.) |i ms 2 ke oF nV, AY i Oe FW mS Figure 111; Relainbige teen fio langnges rtd by toe oan rama Feline rae econ the won amet! gumiar 7 = (VA, D8) ib = Wut Asp, (well ee) (A Cw) Hi.) Ch 2) = (AM. (60 |. oaleth. EV Webi K(6,0,8) = (0) |W Laloa {TWOALEVEL CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS = (om. 24.1.) Pm ymema2 we ottin (UO = 64,64 144.64 23) 0 havin ay atti ei fn 9 () Thema at when rong uc igs ey one ies om KC. D8) ta bs weds te sings ob on Bs € gf) Consents Ls) sot ina Te ngage en FLC(O, FIN): 0.2)'9 Bont fr thane aga w'€ ach tnt Plc) #4 Bo the ‘hoe PEIN. FIM) LENO, REG), floc th PLCINO, REG) ‘scotia ina engeng (nthe oe ad fr he ening family PLC(NO, NO) we ave sn th omy TECNO, HO) ssn Pra. Comer oo el oneal anna 4 = (VAC, 28.8) am constr the ight ar grammar = (LE), 8,0) P= (X —winnaek [font (onta € D) Ur wex tanec} bese teed ‘The equay @y(L()) = WJ) ie avin: enh ing in LG) co reopens to sen nL) the sea ha the ne ring 8, ent 2'eacd douectntent nace ed hen bg the to ang, at fai we edna patos ED) Corollary 111. PLO(F, 3) -PUCLNO,NO) #6 REG, HO}, {Fs} # (80. 0} Lemme 1.8. ack anu he emily TEC|NO, REG) hae he Miz Proof Rory = (VAC D9) we deste p = small |= € AI sre lipilse> phen 2 dsc ncn! (ys KC B18) be bee ted In order to rede Moroer,fne > 0. Sty fy € 1), le > thn yA a content (001 © AUC yd) mth p> 0, he be wed ‘nae o produce y. Pablo 8} = (se) ‘em beaver y aw the ene i (CD, witht cic, the so content (0) (vem be aed a ein mambo time opt, oll. Pye LEM, [MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS a se pt ig) ed th ny win Corollary 11.2. 4 UN" €TLC(NO, REG), 11.2, Generative Capacity Wie stat witha amend supine whi, hot, cn be eid 1 the igh omer fhe eton mpi ‘hacen 13.2. PLC(F, FIM) = TLC, REG) (EIN REG) Pro. Comer» uo testa gana» wens dete and ctr the gamma TUCKF.NO). Fie WA.C.Dap) (G0. The mapyng ws om hele a RUC. 0,8) ACC, nl tone te RCE Dy, wt get 20) = 20) =U) lon The ‘RUE feta RT one nel ye ean 8 amen he again ag Lee it Fg ‘Tore U4 Ale scsins (aed by aro) te dere yu epee foe ch ee ot dn Site of the ene about pie lig fain PLC(F FS) wee Lemme 1.6 Al emis TLC Fs) Fy Fy € (81,0, REG), com tam gneiss tent TC Pre Lt we oaide the grat = Uahede £8). B.C D8, (oan, oh.)2 "TWO-LEVEL CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS ecm al content (PIPE 9n 2A ae in K(C D0), illo hat all singe Pune fede 2 Ise in Ly) Ne Bounded coment fan eemnved fo lng eaugh tng th rn) do ot ave tie mB prope: ve pat 8,3) = D and/or ol) = K(C 0,4, thn weabains anunge seq) entest cmt allatingsethese yop a sath gre Inaguage ot Pe ° mL, cs TLCIREC, REG) V i —7 ™ cr sociRia) TuecrIN, R60) > < < v, Fue 12: Relating btwn flo langvgee ert by toe cntstan gram emma 11.7. CF TLC{REG, REG) #0 Pro The nt aneage = fH" | n> 1) 0 i ot i the oth A€sB.0) oe ht Ey) Each tg ahi Eo tae ‘onto (a'e!) € (C.D, 8) and sing ouch that (o's) e pot) € 2 0 FOF ihe wan ee 0 ge SY a Ecaliton iS amma 1, 1C~TLC(FIN, REG) #8 [MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS oa Prof Comer the wal conten era icon che = Hlohedeh (e409. hb) ach singin the language Jn) nan Bescon of he pmb ¢ eal ote oe fa sates fr mgm sea on) ‘Asam oom that Ta) = U9) ora grammar = (fasbide) AGDihp) wh shay dened p. Bera ee = § ral 2h iow ht f= oral A ode peeing watch With an airy argon mn ed ont fe (0-9) 05 3 1 Bue ote tense ofthe dani of leis uc he te bone sth Int on bounded norm ane geet AL) oma ‘igs with bot aed m beng aria age, floss} = £9) “tant hl ote 2 Lemma 1.9. TLC(PEN, FLY) ~TUCINO, REG) #0 Pro Forte woe emtntaa pnar y= (oshesth (Ah. C,0,50), C=), D= {0.0.89}, He) ela) = KIC. 0.8), sada ae [2 On OI SSE er to gumrte this Inngage by» woe cents grazamar ye aed AC Dit) we tel he ents (or a) fr a {hoinay nde of vais of mI pos echt om 6 sig ‘nt in Ly}, » contradiction. Consaquenly, L(x) €TLC(NO,REG). emma 1.10. Th femibes TLC(NO, FEV), TLO(NO, NO) oe em sete Pre. Cie the gromiar 8), (e619) (ea) Ht) Mle DEP KCB.) = ehh) 24,2) [n> V)Py {TWO-LEVEL CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS ‘There, 2p) conse ail sings of the frm ateirendrmar arent, yma inch to gent ach sng by grammar WCE DA dip] we med the content Pech) onda oe). fle tht BY oman the Sotlscmtat (oP), (00), UF (ep fr Gj 21 npr no et, the cotete 2 he fom (eaten dante pootrd ip Oy thn sta content can be ed fe denne wage wich ayo in (9) cam be proce. Tiel, Ua) ePtetwo, No} “Giver cen the re y= (aheseshashth (ACD, Co f(a ef B= (Gao (6.4500 A en hee een mate BCD A tauings eos oertepepw mms ae Woe 2G) ke ws fe abe da hal ¥C..60, eee (arbres enh) shuld ben K(@,D-4) for ber nb | sf dm at hi ae tay tg Th We pte han har te demain) # FEOUNO, FUN). ‘Combining helena wan therein in There 1A 11.8. Two Variants “Therm 1 and apt, rt sh hat be ation a woe toutescua gra such uh oe ered in Section 11 oo gel Tews (CDs to be be nhs verted bat, cae eel ‘Ae in A(C,D.s) canbe Ve Vand there tl ole power dr lathe ay fp tow ott Thi pone wen pee no ction he fae TLCUWO, FE}, Fy (FIN, RECO}, “nua ica which emt ino ths ack to impose tat conta K(C, be a ne dein of Ywer=aic.00. “Ti condition ay ie oo wn he €V" = Su, he we fang tal ots RU, Ds hich se nok sey wed Seva wie 0 He=KICON- Utah MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRALIMARS 5 “he type fhe rama iat hanged bot K(C D6) can agin be bit, ‘odin eal OU 2 V" Thar the appropiate onion es tebe U viele xic, 0.8}, 0 In thoway, th detonate consul gama bcs sneha ‘hel the ened Inge opens inte vey dentin of the gaia [cng Howe, wean Ka onion) fee el a utero ‘Sanur oss onmar spool nb sande (et Tw dot th uy langage 17) mck hay ean acplable ‘note nts gruntar ype FF) by ATLCU Fo) “Ante uarcine tat ib tet recty aot wth ‘healing sectors ne flloving tied tele! one gomnr eaten VAC Dab SC aba 2 1 sere V ea spit, A CV" ie» ite Ing (faim, 8 (etn Ch& Poe teat teotna By Sea peQP" a SiGe see of dubiecntene). and Ye Ue — TSE Sn 1 inthe prone tons ee te D8 dele «te one, ‘(C.D ah whieh ean beaded to te rng ‘Xeni io the lcs ng ae 48 etry iat, sot venue int) Ts gta 9 a to be pe CF) ESC trad e's wand hol pe By ithe ed a Serio 11 #0) 99) Fe al (0), 09) € Da ‘Cronin ef pe (HO, 5) mn sass 1 tS nae stato Pete argpe eNO) whoa ft 12m angen so aes) = De ett by LECH) the fay anges ert by loeind ‘worl enteral gramme of ype (F). ‘Nott caidas rent ecru ceptable rama the scene ean oan ag eich are hover ae Sera Bye APEC) Pu od STEAD) TUC{en Ft) ral FP Mrcoer FCCFIN) © UTECUPIY. FR) 1€ © LTLCWNO,F3) aad 1CC{REG) LPLCUREG,P), Fee {FIN NO} ‘ng thse lation sd tor sted a Tort 1L4, may reatione onc he fan ATLOU 3) nd TLC 3) ae cae. ‘ors, gra othe pt a Lemna Le nce and i au oe cy mien slain (wt none br, fl) Lemma 11.11, ATLC{PIN, FIN) —TEC(NO, REG) #8, LTUCCPTN, pine TECWNO. EG) #oT {TWOLBVEL CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS emma 11.12, LELCUFIN, PIN) = LTLOUREG, NO} #8 PrafAaagange L(y) we inthe proof of Lem 11.9 ot i oe sr UctheG NO} fal) ny grammar y= (, (SiCi.Det) (S.C di) epi of e ype of lett, at ao an fone od ha ACC by conse ote (ea) wa ebay Fees whch Sr efit wed derirons” Thin mae tat De {nin acne (yt) 208 ue elt Ke dig ‘Shsewiesotets nme pie a ad nay be tae, ing ‘ge wich ae nl 3 Iemma 1.13. LTLO(PIN,NO)~ (LPLO(REG, P11) U ETUC(NO, wean ae Pro. Cone the rine T= (rhode leh. .0), coh Dee Wlaehlec (bdo) oy sing i ange) contin an seta ft symbol Thi fay gam 7 ferating fy) Har tc a ofthe on ye. Th ips hat y cet be mtu eee (oth stings acter an be ‘ed noe cading ota hae not) Tee, 1 urteiNo Ree ‘On tear bad eey string of the form at¥Peeea "a, with sm’ eis Lp), sos amar ¥ erating Lo) as be abe to (ocean aio ote f the fom" Phea aed) AE. snppngy ny av fle dean, then en pode se cs ‘oc ih at ean bal nm Then an ore) tha Tie uricieed, rs), ‘heute 1.8, A dare ie the one i Fre 1-1 ols tee for fo ree LOU) afee (FTN REG. NO} sac hat all ceo ee Frnt on i a ely pet thr oe “hs dy of wo content ranean wih exten coe ie ila rent oe, Bibliographical Notes. Cantata grammars whieh can proce st of fener orl tig sed (0 he ein ica aa witout mediately ine Ue sntensforgorating 8 MNE ‘Themauliae mete sbael 9 (10, CHAPTER 12 REGULATED CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS le thi hopes wo entnd to conten gramme some retriton ich ve teen ch vated te det ncneet fe pram The ‘isto dine by the oe topping an be ceed oe sar She‘tatsten in sonia cnt ee amar whee » reg ot ‘Social with to at n'a lee bape ony to singe in te ‘Stoel fnguops Tice, the ton canis defined ei fo {rmmry wih she wee avert of date rein of th deat: Ae ‘Xp nth ay ee gece power in aera screed 124, Matrix Grammars harp ote cs pect 5 earths Sarena eta Ee hen ohe tops hart wi Arora devon ech "The itera derivation i fined ina similar way, involving internal ad wtse REGULATED CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS wm writen in the fo = (VAS CnC MN, ‘Sut dettoe Sted a bore We dec te fry of Inge erat by mati oneal gran ‘mat capeing tos oan uy X hy ALK inthe may we btn he fee AEC MIC, MBCCUREG), ATICC(FIN. ee ‘onl en else as etre dent ice the poet of cata oneal ramets bt i sry ices he ome of Tema 12:1. och lasate the fy MEEC has the ERS prox ‘Pro Thi brio: he one fh I mated na detion ant vane fam geen a seg th ae ‘SSestned, wath he eg rng rn he length of th coed ig Epa teunde smn. 2 "Phere 12.1 17 oly of logue ai ed wer ner secon etd fond righ tert tee NBECIF) = BECP) ral onion BECP) MECC a orn an te ea “Conier now » mats conten grasa with F eoie, = (VA, ©, pM Manume at Mu Mm Haslam tenn I AO m3) €C w20t<) snolsizmb iy = usher ged ECR Iss Smt stsm) Wie cork the was cote ra 4.C4¢) nh A= (neonates ma estab nM ene tats hay € bal 0 (gmat) Eh fe a sd maping edie afew: for 2 €V" we ave nessa ti) WE) ese) oleh touts) © syste tayams teas forall) =m foe a ont at) EC ra th comin weeny ett af) Lg) ‘nthe ce ad rar he Free hen a Fee: an ‘he deitin of forever eo (neat) Cw BE MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GnasiwARS 0 Mle oats ti SMe Flees. one 180010 a oe family of langage clot unr Ita ight cots and ander intncion the pe a chee et gaan the ae e saGTaber BN MECOUT = BCCUP (FH Ab, or grams with conte hi el oe ot el ‘Theorem 122. MECC(CF)— BOCICE) #8 ‘Pro Inthe prot of Lam A me hae sen at tbe gues nao (Main tha faker vlastorera n>) emt in the ECC(C uy However, we as geeae ti Inge ith he fling aes cantestaal rari 6 = lode 104.9040, 28). 8 2) = (ah ad). Boe) 26 (heh Oe") = Hla) mo Hla) = {0d}. m2 M = (HAIN AKA. (Tie wm of nt noc cca of lip oly fa ‘gf th for 88% und he mauling sein a"P'U) e ‘Theorem 123. MIC-TC #4 Pro Let conse the at G = Uledeteh 9} A000, (0,8. AN, = {BNG.9)(4.9,0.0)0.0, 040 jon in grammar he oe acne. Conse, L(G) fos ele Ths angage dow a shed? tel = eb le0 REGULATED CONTHXTUAL GRAMMARS have the BS propery (no atest can be noted om ing PIN habe ngs so atthe fanly 76 ¢ By stair corto hy ilaon she flowing theorem canbe province lon othe fe hn he fanpage icefFy fal hve the BL prope ‘Theorem 12.4. MICC(P) CES, oral PC CS Weel ties by eatin tht guage Seton 98 canto ‘gua yma comes gras a), bl BM era ‘dhe urel mse byt gramnns (wi ni sb) N80). 07, 68 (ihe we af ais che sinter of he mumbo of eet ‘Rees lpm afew th he ppg ose tt he eee (Wei te ight pine). 12.2, Programmed Grammars A nrgrann cotesnal grammar i seen G = (UALCi9., whe fc) en wd sent pa ected by) a i 9 vf pa tthe ome foto whe we A, and {esi tuomuy me coors mn The pin ior rah or tbe 2 String te agencng fhe ote wa in dea Sn pneu, bavng dled anton se er in 6 wing the aim we Aa the conten (r,t) (He ep thos Soe prormed ning the sone (4), 95 8) = w(t isthe contol seer sind wth 8 Then the gang generat by ine mode died by 2a(G) = fe V there ea devon Se 2 ih we Aad gf) = otf), hak (oir Ulla) UL 4S m1) MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS om Pee ot set derncsDetren the mati td he pagan soe onl om btn gre pram ey inl at a ‘ston palo sting the eer lpg, wie he dvr in ‘Shot tmet be empl on te ber ed tangs ate ater Gnesan be uc wen progeny ed "Toe ay of lnguags parted ty oral comet grannas corrapoing to sal aly ected by PX (he ane se att rete nar). ‘Theorem $2.5.) SCC{F) © PECCIF) © BCC, forall Fy hee PEC. i) PEC BC AE Pro) heft ovis. sae sd langage in PCC taste EOS property or mend ids in ioe. i) Te lps US tn the ly (Lenn 83), ut can te grenade progranned gramaae G= (0). f08). (ah8).09, 0 lle Ballo). BALM) (ibe cont anne mid, tthe mins pal by). ‘theorem 128, () ICC(F) © PICCUF) TC. forall F. (8) PIC ces Prof. The Et incon vinnie of pin (8), 2 pope ‘ac nung int fay PLCC hs the BS property oo bong FC ‘Thine proper coder te ngge frat n> Wes cay to we hat i ein TC (Gr naar, has the TBS prope 19) Howee, thi language cannot bs emt by 3 rogemmed nt (2a grammar inthe iets! mae inorder deve» ing aa trek Stary gem we essen (5) > Lait th Thor Bal tor 57; ‘naier the sdetion mapping wo the san Tigi can gee he siting tt coteat tha deans PAs SES eee ws ne ponble There, ras {iy The ngage (nm 1) nt i MICE (tease en ae in the pout of Lemna nr forage bo ed Ee dengan pouring sige e™ 4" wh m >) it can be feed bythe programed ganas = (a8). (e04, (Quah le0)0), = (ah (en Aelobiaies oni | I i i I | if om REGULATED CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS (te content (v4) not be ued for deriving tings the fr i"). 0 ‘Corollary 12:2, The mir MICCUF),PICOUE) ae incmpare forall Fe Prof Prom Theorem 12 we know tht MIC = TC 4 8, ba fm pin (iat th prema thst we we PICCEE TC. Henn MIC ICC Coton PIC ACE'Z Wty pan (if the pres thavem Tote hn the lnguge Msn Srin #3 canst be generated by © p0- me amar the eral nde repent te tap of hee on ‘cut Sr otha not se Tale 10.2 an be td), ‘AU end of Scin wttoeltat otealaaata tha te seo emit aed ot Home o aetbe ean rater les of gto sre by prgranl esta era Tle Inve fe oneal aunt ch emt spl, tay Poman one ten KU (he ging sate) old be acne wih ech te (Of coat, the rts ie th pai im Uo 9 programed ‘Cote gm eto sda oer fro) (ee © ‘hin rc att (4,9) me tr hs frmatio a2 le hn) SE ew se (0) in neo ed {he PhP P,P, Pfot a rl. hate, we obtain ‘Theorem 12.7. TRL = PEC, TUBRPL = PIC. TML = ‘) AVaNEL = PIOCCPIN) 12.8. Controlled Grammars A resely onl coset grou ie a cates G = (VA, ©, 6 Dab Sse = (¥otsCip) leu toad sntesanl gran, abe we lati acocntc wit nto AUC, and ear ngage ve D8 Tac dente by th Iling mapping © AUC ab. Fora deaton Fete ee te Jn. ing the aio w Aa the ott (s)he ep ict ng th ome), me dese 8} =a) es: ‘Weal hi ting the contol word the ivan 6 (Compaze hi wih {rot son) ome nthe previo sion a wll sn Seco ES) Ton he angage generated by the mead by a(G) = (2€V" [heen ition 0 ing with 0) 8) MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS 28 tv om ths detion wee that cantor ‘acta vn dereto te gram Wie dente by RX tu tly of enue erated by (egy) con ‘ead contextal pnts sodnted te wal aly "These pam a gmat fe ater trogen con ‘Theorem 128. MECCIE) © KECCIF),PECCI) c KECCE) MICE UF} € RICE) PICCIF)E KIC), forall ‘Pro With w matic grammar G = (VACpM), me comtrc the scpny contd gram trinket, che Lab ae (Fake paced toon way wih Sete of UC aad (A) i hot efsrngs fle sched she matralwa th ase Te altos £0} = af, er) vi Cres) et Labbe ato KeeteiAae), where Pe th sight prolongation pation cmd a Caper 3. he la [ine sel. Plow oth fe mentioned Chop 3 that ie poet ith prt fits aguas pore te lt langage, oN hint nome i he fe he angus rae) 0) To be gemratd tyme contest grammar oth mst che ‘ena mem Theee 104 (4 eo thr ech as ere pla tng oy: ‘hai ne oe tht Lf (i ACrpy tah ‘Ween the ial The ict rhe ttl re on tom Cory 12.2, Tan Free 12.5 me know that PEC © BCC. {evant tren we sll owe tn lee Iagage sen REC Be ‘te the ne har lnghages whith ar stim ECC ly the esos PEC (e) CECE) sre rope. From Lon 121 a the orem be Iie i i sear MCCUPY © RECAP) Pa ensin), we = Prof Tobe 4 really cna conta graminr @ = (VAC, oh Ke) Ame, wth olen ener, tat Kc (CY GE the Intec the we cnaer RR NeCAC a (0) = Le) an (hee Lab Be) Tin nt hn fon ovo ag ta Ke 1a drain # wath pec to VA.) eae ate = (0) ang fg hit Ge = la Pe 9 eae am4 REGULATED CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS X= Yeo XY nti and aterm. We conten the Ane gaia 28,1) ah D Kee Yel) € Rowe} CC} Ua elk olen rae a) ita om he snerserae gre ln, pees ‘hess tating fom the igh acing ooh ote ord, ‘hi ntervton a wc cnrcte the sings om he saint fever ner ton eon ie Coa, La) » (tha Convey, bavng lina grammar = (¥,V,S,P) we cost the ootaed anes nm = Ved, Lah) bate A= (wev"|X— wer), (0) vee Ph te dents AUC, Stas, with ah ina wt of lable ona in ante Pa (Xu) Awe Py Ue Ye(wa) |X aye A) A above cm otha Lal) = HG). a Prof. fora cota contestant paar G = (VAC K) with x Clajee foe have potted ot that thre howe weal) ‘Sosdrng thir cui), "woo the np A? Leb OU" by ao) = ee © A. Metre) = aCs) Then we bvialy be eee) = WHC). Page pete notin th Corollary 12:3. lenges err ron bee i par and nlp Sete I fy Pro. Frm Theat 19 we know hn cach gla ore ngage iain RBC! on the oltre the fee RBC and UC cle gc, each ene eter repr langge st RIC. Tn cones npaion| fellow nthe peso thee ° replay cnt eter pracy ith aparece cing” cts [MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS 26s considered (rare wen Gn ado one grammar, er ch eens abence of crank inte le dived ig The sey ‘Steoc rain ear oie Bilographical Noten. The mati, programed an eae cael re {US ta (they wee as vig fr tare cotta ra, ota comadrng oly th ae a ana th ksCHAPTER 13 A GENERALIZATION: n-CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS Ine conten gromaciavigte athe ving cays ones ote 12d with supa of sige, for arian en Thi the al 18.1, Basie Variants; Generative Power V.ALCio), whore Vw anager Ain te language te VC ins sto tape our wordeanr Vand (Pep 2 Bor ey eV we mite x ms y and ony fr = nits ores = syste -Sotatnes BF Titi sngt eV" aed (ayia) Slettgess gee) he a 3° dots eb ree and ave UG) = (26 [we awe A) When mapying i died by oa en) = Cr ll as € ve uy tit grammar wow oie ping pha ted ‘th dhe grace wenn the frm C= (8c) We denote the fly o lngungs peated by contest grammar ty Cy, 2, andthe fami ageager gecrted molstal ‘Fama io hoe by Cy Morne. me dete (Un = Uses CC, FUL, Tee Wien reo sly ermpraie coe mappa, we the ‘pers aeiing OCs n> yal CC , sing the wie tues ing ta aetingy cating ohh te iedea ‘A OBNERALUATION: CONTEXTUAL GRASIMARS Sear that Cs = TC aed CCy = IFC. Inthe cave thou ie fe R= " feo orl costes, whe roeting ocala smart ll get define ming ol forte (4 pe Te aetna 2 woe ; ett hl fe pone atid ona oodtng mms arneaty cnn and chests). ae flonag ‘ntnary tenons fers langage to in st comerpat the TBS rope or etal sont ra vee cs al hi property Ce IBS pope). own 123 If © V"L 6 Cy form 2 A, then there a oe tasty inch ta ery sing 2 © yl» py om Bement the form PE elu tattnen foreits agi € bend D Fy), ves Hee he ope Selma Loman 122. Bah lapage Le Co Ilene il 6 ruler Prof Lk @ = (AC) baa mental ranma ion oo Le = omy [yo 86) Ch ‘The Ingen = A Lise ty spun and ical (Gtr exch Ste 8 1) ys maton ng cies Lemin 13.3. Ca C8 Pr The inion cas be poe ya tnigoratd construction of Jeng nceang ota wich sala on tse amine wit ‘Ste, with mss gn, «31 "The ian flows by Ue ‘hers sha th aang i CC hve the BLL property, whos OS fein lngenp i ec hve ie proper ° MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS 0 Leman 1.4 fey lengua con wit th form L= (LPR) = ar bereh oe wet cay, EC, snd i ple lange. Pro at LCV" bean arkitryInngge ad tof V. We conte Lemuel gam G= (WU, MIOeeVIUHO}P, aye ffoleev). breevs oa (EO ISEt Uden, EEL aye vutie (ibe dation ope afer toa he stl) orth morpho (WU ely Wend by Ma) mine and Me) = ya the gla Inngunge Vf] wr tla = NEC) ‘ts we ah have b= 90), ® Thootem 13.1, Por ally 2 1 we hae Gy €Casus Ca © En, OCs € Couns marae Cus COC Prof. Fora gies mont gran G= (VA, C9) we comet the (n Tyo! ganar @ = (Esp), th (sta) ECT st) € esi eee Benotans EM" ent, MG) = U6), 2 we hae 15a pata a me cota ay Te la 2 OC CG enone oe ee a rat coe ANC, Wo= fost Eee flags. gta stg Hosea) (eu mei) 18H Wohave (Gx) = (VE as =, fora Shs Sm) “The inclusion © i lv: dhe comer incon cn be prone hy ic Suton om the eagh the stingy ing ofthe oc a nc ng PEW" sah ia r= lr oral st) nt Uy canbe writen inthe fem 2 sian fs ic rand Ce ohn ome (een nea lg ‘Onto aad tn pn aguge oo Cach eng n ee nec theaapropc he pu smart erento (sammee wither Lina 83) ‘om rem {04 (7) me hate REG © MCCAIN) CITC; withthe eon COh = TC metal bone, we ave RBC C CC 3 ‘hore 13.3, The ely CFs incompaae mit aC, emis n> and as Cy ECP ECs CF and CO ae compere raf Gina Gn the pf Te 18 ges the conf nguage (2 feta [l= = le Othe ther ‘ace psn cn wth Se ate ear ge wie enti Cx The nn CF © CC owe fn he ndnon CF CTC (en sah SEs mt compraliy fF and Cy ioe om he ean i to ging shia sume comer Lana 1) (osetia lege (rer fs 1) daub he oper {Sti peda tC oy oth mls "Re nen Cr CF fle om he ay Cy = H/C metonnt store he ncn HCG CF ran U8) 3 MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS m ‘Taorom 13-4 ‘The femly CS i compre wth eh CC CC, n> gat Ca Ces fy Ramp oC ad Prof_ Pom Lemma 184 we ge tha CC; ita angig which se ot in RE aed Cy cota Ingenges which ar nti SI the ol SC tema 13.3 weave tice tn ee seen se agg ‘hla are ot eC Tha tat CC contin oly eure gun (a be pred inthe mame way a Leta a e Afar a the rains enn moenoallangags ad sa ctxt) lange ave cnc me hast fllovng uk, wc cpt ‘laine menoned othe ening ha wet, Theorems 15.5. () fac family Cyn > band Coe namparbe ott BCIBCC: the fmly CC, ss mempartewit BCL ECC, vy cn fe ay BC" Fah Cy ot 2 Proof athe prt of Then 18. we wed the fc tht the ear Iimgiae a inno in CCl thie gogo in BC On the ae th yk ngage ovr (0 ny ean the rock f Than 154) nti nt tn BEC (do oo hve te ES property corte sew ay a). Wee ie Sim 2 Lad Cx wih BCVECC. Bena athe | I] nti oe {ipo Thor 13) but tn Bw al oan th icomporeby FCC, mith GEC. The naan of BCC tr CC wl nthe Incas oth fly tn TC ad he sgualy T= CC (G) The bagune L(G) or ymin the proto Tene 18.18 ‘Tay beengs ds ot hve the TBS propery omer he tng pipe © mth to Ter On tert, 18.2, n-Contextual Grammars with Restricted Choice We conir oo oneal gramme with anata whatnot ie tid ing, ne dono ely palate eno tl nest Te sold be ote out that to pvt appre aoe-segleatne ‘om boning gar cnetgating tect oft apes Uke, fr instane, ator {6°80 m2 0), why by ag or {steatng the sag nde 10 G0" | mm 3 0} east end ot Section St we ave wed maar a fs cnt (00) samtm A GENERALIZATION: CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS = (V.A.C.) mba comer he ngage leben (ue) €vleu.rn 2) exe case oe feral aptech ad we din the type le. toes the berry of wlngeges, ig th dette in (29 "An terammarm > be eases, G = (Myce ol Sh SuyP\ier Bais dt spnbes, SENT ZS maa Pin Ae sofa, he gunn fh Fon 4 9 Bm Bs Wire rsa hi'gt's mn eter a Chak tein rae oer Borne espe uttay ith a € (MUTI 1S 4S swe nop) 2a See) ean meses ~ sys Pal thes So pers et sm Cha ERs ae have m= 5) Tn tama rts a agua (Wht iat pl ig), snl HE) = TEN iS) 20 We say tht oo agate eu, sateen conts sensi, oo type ee ae cil tn hs 3 of hse pes, We te tee tr Pe (AEG. CP, C8 RA, the fly of mange of pe ‘At cute graar = [V-AsCi9) i ido have alow of spe PP © 1REG, CF, C8, EY, at my (5, rte) © © me hae Passat) € Fie whee eed) = (etna ted estan We dots by CCAP), m2 1, P € REG, CE, CS, RE, the fi of Tanga cad by monte manny th Perio in th ae ery tet ne oie CCn(AHB). Th min offre CCCP) > Dv dened by CO). “There Cy» CCATARE) > 1, md CC = CCK ARE). “Te fing ino ello om th dain eight contre whoa ome erect gaa Wi ‘Sead setin Setion 18) Teamma 128. (9 CCW(F) © CCF) for alm > Land or al foil pin eennee) & Comte) € CCC) © CCGIRE)C CCain > hand Edplited) ¢ COA(CP) 2 CORES) © COmIRE) 5 CC) Ce S COutREC) wy 1 and Cu © COMIRED) "Toren 1.6, The eclosion (i) sho ncn COMP) Conn) paper m2 ‘Prof. The w-ntstal ganas witht eice cone in the po of Thee 13.1 panos agus CCa(REC) (pom (i) in Va set repo, ha i eck [MANCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS ns Tena 11) Tian henson a pint (of Leno 85 a er eo : lag be mee er ee Teen 63080 cai tea cae FEO) Weeemeun tc toms gto 2 (0 4,6) nh Azteetiielsn Calne rrivic dh ‘leen)= (a) [meen € Baan EV" The eli 1) (9) EG tet haguage e7MUo) = Alene Lava 1) ie ele To thi ond, comsider arpa grant Forsch (a) € we sonattthe pla 2 ramae EUS NUISI UMS PO (WS.P) fb MS) 48,218 ax €P Saar a 6) U(r 4,5) WL ad AY ayo, and 2 WW EP) UG 24x ma¥) |X a¥ OP) Ulaaax sak —eer) US) “AS, OY |S, aX and X OY 6 P) Ole aN LK eV ERY mei ah UA AS =) [wed mabe ey sen tha he st cng of he Dl nF aerate sine noth ie wont cont et ain uf) ha Wed See) sale pam Chae Dgm A GENBRALIEATION:»- CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS CCoallary 18:1, Gy €CO(RBO) mI, eH Cu COCA RED). Pra om Tht 32 we oo bat thr ae regan age whi sve ttn Cos fom he enn tov, ree sh Tange 2 Coyle) fami 2 “We dot Ano wheter or a CP € CCCP) (om There 133 sve Ms GPC CC bo eh one exerted), bu (om She | haan 18a} we bane CP CC, # hse CP COWARD) 28. ‘Mheotem 188. COKREG)~ CF #0 Proof Fr hn 2st grant = (lee late 000). oP) Hath m2 (rn ich not content fe chloe labe}IS.S.9.P) Polis a8 8 —1G.8—e8) (SaS— Sh eee ine ‘Theorem 18, COu(65) C5, CCR(REVE RE Pro he ci fn = 4 § To Teh ranch tae We snl gv the dae for CS, bent Snerecsen Sv Tet @ = (V.A.C.p) be an w-contetal grammar with C= (vs «3» PYLE Sic Hy fork DL Lt 2 OM MEK os Hs OM 4) 0) be am + 1p ararmea fp 1 fr Ube aguas HC) lly, 1. 4 < & With no lous in gecerality we mage assume that Che ‘abn ckt'g su hamid Ao Pim (all aft a) I gi ah fae 2 STS ‘Wee tk panna” PCS Ph We aligiensquis.nZn) SWimainse wUxillneisktsssat Otuadlisiettsismtstsns) ovemuavi. MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS ms te Us. de Pcotnn the fling ae: 1) $= BX DOr Beas ftw AE KAS: (he ig 018), nor, tote with the mary ‘piel X, boul ye ed ares By Bor. Testing othe Be ‘Sone, avo a stom a4; dest 9 “ln” potion) 2) Xa) Ga, S{9A09, 1c Hig (eon) sic hi Sim X00 Bal. ABA SESE SI SAI X08) Bealasthy, 1ishae. (Giese the mars By, Buy, iting tb caret singin me Duign ao te seeing eg et sya ef) torn von th ume fo al patione The spmbelX; wl eeson nthe (1 ram C9 the n= composts a) Uk, «ey eWeVUMLSist, Goooh net ey8) — ePi-y 0 Toph Dy th ae iV ewuvewnisiss TSteniejealsish laps 8h ay) = 2.0). teu Ap etd te 04 €V aay =e te yy rence (idrbiond paap hangs lag) (8g AM Mh ay yoy andy og th Hg aan Si Sanh SS afte ie rfl ete om a ta EN et a et hed wa eae yates Nand dh Sj Sse te 1 som 1 When i the ombol We intced” Berne the babe WIS 4Sxe A GENERALIZATION: »-CONTEXTUAL GRAMBIAKS. 15 44 are mata Ajit we consulate ae on wrong car salting the (4 iti Poa be compen, The sym fil veld by fe 1) 8) (Wena) — faint nao 8} la bKona), ay a9 € Ya EW UY. (Symbol cals yon the mond componente he Sai rtie coment ane) 5) (89% — Yous). ae VSEWUYUBHISES namie Shas ce (Tae apbol cas be mae to the ef and they sites the ‘pbok when een hearer 8 Thon ig the ea oa 3 ‘tom deavtion with pet 1 Geo be sat} 9 BM = Bz Lee h Blad) lald, weve sist, 2,8 (0809825 94 (rea ci oh whch a ete fl ‘cnt teeing om he ot compar hee smb TC, he the, ae arene by he egy wl 2 ew hae Pecorming a tareation wl eps tote gaa it» the ‘ettion a Wosed, ear esis) 1) Zags ~ Zags 14S, COP Z0 vv, Be ax (Tie ayo Z 6 wore tthe ea i odes the smb ‘eming the dertion with ra in group 2) 8) Boas —2. 154k OR, vets (he tal T dines the ad fhe dation) 984264 (he axes canbe Sey produ) TEs nee tie i fu at 10) = 1 {Somme af Gale spy cing soe ecw 67) Cement (6) € C8, wc ots he ost 3 [Corollary 15:2. CO4(RE)C C602 tend CCE) CO Pro. The fans Cm 1, and Cu contin nsearielyeun sable anguges (Thee 5 et stars to te ican npn (i) of Lem 13.3. Ae expected (or atv Loma 84 an 3), they ae pope Theorem 19.16. CC4(REG) ¢ CEWICP) C CCICS) © OCHRE) np lant COA(REG) c CCW(EF)C CCW(CS)C CCAP). Prof ‘The amine Rape 6 can be snide 1 bea contest gummas If LE CS the Gy Bae RElcton, ete 1G) g CS Theor CC\(RE) CS 40 Frm the pour thse we ive Cl (C3) © C8, th aloo CC4(CS] CCCACRE n > Ty ad CC aICS}= Cnt RE) we eer or OF yr we snr he angge ("bm z Ute wz) [en CO(CS), bt tie pertd by the gram {eh D)oeh me inaye {ehh Sea 2, forsemes > oa Cc ew now ame tht fy € COW(CF), form 2, and bt G = {(os}.A.Cig| bean matin grammar groealing Ly These Cie. From ten «nr can ener ol eter of ten in L (the net a segs a nen with atin arg) Como ue I tee an nto (oy) C cuting an cee ab an sty odin an ahs ier of eration The (nang Pein tg) jonas tee Weise ih (oY. Wea ‘Sian (nt peomtenelangaag oer ots denote yy There ae shinai umber af tng in rnb ssa be dcp Tap In Ly he st of Ingenta oie arate protest Ie a he mst (a) to te stag ne sin sng hae leat nt cota ame! poemon” Those ng are 1 Howe, tien atl poem he bl ot a ngs ‘ign robin tay cotton wich power ha Oy $C CP) or the Incnons CCA(REC] © CCQICP) 2 1) CCmIREG) C (cCn{CP} we me the age bo=(lebpa iz Lizaieksd) GS tlaah abt) (je), wh vdetel eh tat Peed HC) = ba Ohi } i om A GENERALIZATION: »-CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS. eteitoss On) 20 forall 1 4 my then fr a oy seve y's He ayo (10S em) ralwiah bere ms) 2 ny, 6) = Ba > 0 fain 1 & mth the Go wie min vet tie coupon oa SOE G SI aie geod he jh cmpnat xed ono Now iin 2 sor hl sno hn lr Eoterie ope har ig semi tsts) etait the prt cece he Path monn swetinel = fobs) (ste he re)The shove se SriSa ne forthe ne Bo{0) adr, emer te poste Int 2 {Canaan oy nd) tape a EC) Tr he hee ‘Spintec ea he oe geape ne 3 be sped yen, Owe tabely td me arta Soe ther oh tn nag Feo 8 ag 9 wi ion fuera otc ie Conny eu Oe Gres ud ete) tum 1 mtn the aly Sy ly, oie lange Iain Se then ate mmr stags © La MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS 8 te wan the om sw apt ah Hh A we bn Such | ‘Bheorem 142.1) FIV CHC @S65,C..-€ S405, 2) Gs ampartle wil S..n > On and once 9S 3)S, CF, bat CF acompratie wih lems Suen 22 nd Sy 4) EIN se mcomperae fm S920, Se hoorem 142. A iapuage La nga fad ony FSS Prof et G = (4,2) bean imeion gra of wiht. We eet r= sal] A= mad (nes) © P). Wem the ‘hel grammar C= (18.4) (0).8.P), ne Us ex ee uG, Insists, Ux ex |avahe) EP va. 1 cay oa ht he we ole X — ob pile ad ny ‘cropan sheave ea n(n ie Le Eh thn tne 2G) whey tu nw ey fee i 1) a 109 msi 1.6 WE ine, then eng) ese ently pew ht 5b : lenge) = PU(R HE EEN) wie Pate ite st of pskive integer and & a gin nee, > 0, ei Han ethan ponte = Ph, efgrtb mat) ‘ain ca ity bes tha = HG 90 LE So ° 14.2, Closure Properties ‘As expected or lane of pommace which dnote ermine, the ‘nt of nev rere yt gama Bae ate poo oa6 A DUAL MODEL: INSERTION GmaMMaRS Theorem 14.3 Bich family Sn 2 0, 8 ate Prof Union. Cansie th ages Te teony, a0. "The gwammars 6 = (0: (a. 448)} Ga = (8b) arate Ce Inna ey lon Let mcm de ngage LUE a pe ible oni gra when = lb) A (Grats) wih 1,0 £ pew Tne ca be apple tothe ong SSG sta si be ating He", ch ne LU Doe 8 tenet. There, LU a € 8 "Cmcteaton The ingen s above, doe not bln tes fy abd san bec aor in der to wets ‘Poly nharylnge fw cel lrf be fom (0) 2 Wetssmorettie ken he warp deetiejemes hp? hand {i fs Can be wd a ion sb bee 9h) ‘ene cre Te ng Sh bot LE 9 So Fern eco th agape (ot. Woy i Sy bat Lt eS iin ee ym or igo at ah, en sand Beg i hed ra ht el hep relates rylr legs Thi ls, Bcnae he ae lange ck ein Se fr iln >but "© yor nh aphaat V Sif morploms et ort angage In = (eH UC, sth morph defo yi) ~ Ae) = 68) = The grammar = Geiestecen cts (63) generate the langige Less bn © 5 Srinitesy SLOT er teal sone ote non, we hve ‘eons mel 1 = aha) | 2 floaty 12> Hh Ie generat bythe grammar 0 = (08, aa (a 8) (0.8) 20 res hs dae yb) = ahh) =. Bis ‘ay toa th Pitt [1 only stings (bana hn the rng) aati amgoge ot i Std, oh ng ie ti cme a eG) a0 ei Sfetan poe stg fhe os th eoiaictn pa 5: we the aay UC = 7 _ host cote, othe see LIC =) ude ives maps The cate popctie f the fal Sy ae at known (exept the noe louder nee morphs poe ne). Tn vw of Lo 143, th long el no ei ‘Phooeem 14.4 Eek pla angaye te cfing of erage 8S ent HG = 07.8.0) eu amma en, ih ‘Se negltgrammar GP = (NN 73,0), where “om Pa (8-41.eu0)) Uix = hel Kav e RAeTY EN) Ube Oho ee RX EN eeT) Conse aes the cing h (WA Tp — T* ded by A 3) = ‘ETT. Chey, 1G) = MUG) oie 9 prove at 2 (TY ie aX a)a(h Bas, fr Pian as (8 I then XY} lent fo each 3 € W we be etd), W i ie wt We ‘orc he tn ram (NTA, Phe Mueyn(ajuwn «tym, (9%) (40) (78) | ons) Ma) EWE forall S441. — “The inion L(G") © L(G) bos. Convery It L(G) be an siany tng 2 © (BYULUTYIW. tea 26 1G) Ihe € Wen Ot tetsu rg (WUT) Chay p= (Xe Bad felis He oles cucyin sue ey Sat Ooahey€ Tien ye (ere tion scaling the ain Py (A) UC TI, thea 140") Other, ne open the prendre awe alee tan sehg Se (DO cap mitt same yw eH ‘The rt above not be improve by replacing Sy So: for pane 1S) an no erp han weve ML) = 2es |A DUAL MODEL: INSERTION GRAMMARS In vw fhe poor cre proper of in Syn 2 0, a ters ook forth suns APL fey meweAPL) emai ven fay Sy ‘Tocbral peta (ol sma tThorene 83nd 10) the mala fue cating Sy 27, RE ‘Theorem 14.8, For ac ogee RE thee @ morgim ho wock olny ye envoy BS ck het L= ah HL) Prof Comer langage £6 7°, b € RE, genet by 2 p20 ‘chen gamma = (675) Kare aa for with alent he long LA BC, Ae, A-8 e ABLCEN OCT, From he fo of th wey ue ht hating in) ne So She in ly emia rer, wey tee ht Sing he ond paw he dso permed she not ode “Conter teoen apm se and eta the rion grams = UTULAA AAS?) ih P contig th flowing imo rae (12) © Corman, #82. asmemounaye, we NUl@ else, tng {8}, evan €EEBN, msm € ES), ie 18.8), and F meanacay € NUBSINEB), the en U0 foreach ote ler 26 (ara) + (oyoneed $0, Bag MERU Se) CELE Sad tases (8, anne € VI, ou #8 (ara) + USCDB HS.) Gr ae NUL, fers) = Gescn8as), Ferenc nmcontattee er: AB —+CD EP, (2.403) = (aerosABA8 48.0400 or MeNU(B BI EtS6. sieves £N18S, aa if voy (ana) . (4.88 B#NAEe), Gea eMC, (ABS) + (NGSA4.34.0), eae NUL AH, then ae MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS no Wey tht alu (1) of pe al a2.) for anon conent- terion Pand 120s ae ote? an thn arabe (AB, Noted zara of ge. eis by he fringe a8 fr 0 € NUT. For eck sting w 0 sve commer saynol be Lot W bs th set of hae pmb We din he A.wuruiar wurutesar, omtier nln o tig sqwurutey — 1a) = W446). “Th ition Behind he cnetration above he lig ‘The pe tert rales sme te ote ae of Gh ype 2 ‘alert the omnes re of Tye als ane wee pepe ‘Betanen sng oat pe 2 ea bee Thn done lowe ‘Shee fan 8 clearer sone flowed sl thn by apt fren fom Sei io be semerded. ental {lw by ccd ob t marke, A nontninal lwed by #8 tobe iienrcl Mamie ite deme adhe ma NTC) bed ‘om or souls Se ee sin of) nga and BOXAY ei as leg hee cctne fae cron oY inter ing ae ‘Sika! (make) wee soo reece a, nal all ero ‘Sues f ad's mashed Homer eS ge ot gl, bce (Get ocrene off bmn otto Asmat ‘ow tee Sus ar ae oe ab anmarked omarion A wie Ube edie he igh 4 th al AB hae ‘ened silting oe content also an be ented ‘svi arage trachea ol re20 4 DUAL MODEL: INSERTION GRAMMARS inne to cerespond so mete emo By the dtintion a hand tio ase nse ws sting ected ‘be erin ing odor prove he eat L(G) = sQ°¥(L(@) we shal fk gone shat ae inoue 1, ya tenn wn me Neal tha thy spp dh way we chante aon) and then we shal ow Hn tyes do syn he (at 2 al) “Fhe oeelloing muta ane othe et of hi procs an eto th ode ‘Claim 1. When ang» pe Lue (cata, #e asagaveuenny) the tei fae esd sti smart Bed {Ee lung ting. whee ech yl es x abo eae Cin 2. When ing group orn 2), 1 <1 3, aoc ith 9 Isler dit CD Pike mek A me taeda the die ey wi ath be Pmt in he reing stag, wher CD an ‘Ini 8. Starting gal sing be alin aon ean pn ting 4 fee wit a nae 4) Sonning of eck n (Qf and ening mith hee ih “Th stating om pein aii, we hae ee) the er of am hie the ae fad prac gl rng Moree, dence {uml} the sg uated legal tig eee (Claim 4 (Hx a" 9 by wig 9 rein pou Ural thee ro dee fteayt-g fe 9, tel k's someone toe ule of Gen fink) sky yh ering ae aC (i) Woz or" yy ung he ter ou 9 aca othe ame A ai ten da) mit {Claim 6 =a) ry € £7). hen yi eg sting ad sumiighy eT conway iy (2) and mtg) © ten md) Piao “rows immedi om the dfton 9 he magn and ‘Tha tan prov he sano 6} 290-0). ‘Wertall ow tow tnt oly Erato sh the ose above ad to ep ngs ‘Cain. Ator wing rule (2) no te ae a (22 ca be wpiad to the mntsinae #80 aed by ale rl). The, af ra). oly (a3) cn wa Tinea tr cir oly eesabmord esas Baa wed bya (2), fort alls Cb'e Ps kter sag (Bel) me ota oeyenA8CDBa Now ctr sue bt (rd) con be we, th ede to he MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS a sissoAKCD B04. Nothing ba bn chang 6 the Ke of de, "CDI, moron now fuk Aga, canbe en ht le ‘a be ped oti atiags ergtng (3) (Claim 7 Aer wing ae (2.40), not ther than (3.482) can he apt he nstril 1 uel ty rle (AB). ‘Then, ater aig (6.48 2) mo rao tan (AB) ca be wed. The fale (6.48 1) teluon 9 sing srosesABBogany by w aon "Weare confi with (AB) and wept te Sine So tASB gE png to ek ay sae 893) ea Consohetly her in ous (7) for content rl of Pn (arse t ees fre nonsoneee sal ofPrand (QABsh tf eh fir N- cnanet be sete group, the ral hv oe sd ‘eke oder of tom 13 Thre, he ganar Fea oly ate ‘lento in und sale am tae fe lind Sr YE LG, thon et undo) nthe an Cand gH) € HG, ing tents gL) © LC). ote that Weng or fail of nang tw dente by C17~(F) theft ges of the form gh) here gts weak coding. ies morpho, Siar cP, Wit ti actatn om te vow hatan aad the Sve IeOasoe CH™H() © Re fora FRE (he TaingChreh thes, Conley 14.2, RE=CH“NS4) forall > The rot of Tre 4.5 can be oie wallow Wate LL {AN} UUey (St C)o)) and tno «grammar Cy (26,7, Pfr sah gun BE) Menta he ibe Nye 7 sre mata et ‘Sat om the aim a)(L.0 A) Sen | a €T “Together hal len ecm ft pot of Thre 15 ae espe eg tay Reman, por (13) = (easnaned #8 ar0c0rm000) comers ll rae wth atanansean replaced by aneerouos, 01 £48, dre, enon encu.onor€ HUES)m2 [A DUAL MODEL: INSERTION GRAMMARS Sin fo ul fal ter type isle eine abo Tike wy a thes fe cnet ng we cana sree lsat seen sith stn nee 8) "fiona mine spl mg fo the iy ale ou eye eA nd ine lest be emia ebeove, et Ba Be a he lowing ao Gat) + (acting abe (a2) + Gea eaa) eT, (a3) | Goteg fend) eT: Note hat iba ith ring tow $a and hat together ith ooh — sacha’ sat heBSobe! mer rabies! Hae paola bs med tthe of ermin “TARE a tere (a) «(psa So), dE, hee dix nom smb, hich intadued in the alphdet of eeu hee [tv te an are cute af i we eee rule art) tend (hea we nto now emake ecronce Fe ior ra ean ogee api. Theor coe Se (ops | ae (NUTU LENT Hih en i the uly Lemuel) Indes, th ques with slats the stra fram LC) which ontnin th sl fs nie hase ely mre ble tot of {ns aymbol "Thea ht the ean fF coverpnds t's eral “ene aay grammar Gyan tht all red tina were nore 0 otghe So thee i now scopy of tent tbe gb afd Commonly, we Corollary 14. Back anna RE can be writen te fom = VL, Jor treet ove ed UES 27 leiean open proton wht or 0th "geal umber ses” appenring Inge can be tool by tater ene Aspe 5) © CP me he : ae :RAMMARS 19 (CH-"S;)G CF become CF a doe adele moti and riety ‘norm There, he ont? an ancl be lcd by Oey Rte tating cones onthe amie Son fan be Conllny 144, Buc my Son > 7, Si momporae wth ech amy Foe th LING PERE tnd Peed wor at eing ‘vers morphs wari guts wth lls Prof. Beaute LIN = Sy #8, 0 get F—Su“ Becoue CHE) FORE, we cae toe SUE Fora 3 Hoan Su Flore RE = CH-NSQ)E Pe RE, a conendtin. 2 Inport fs of languages wth he prope fF bore ave MAT ‘sing te model of ome rama wih ed oot a ee cami inert pain i red iageSpsealy, we ca ensdee ‘pues ofthe oon = (HP Pe) here Vn bbe, 4 ‘EU ctating one Vand Py ae tet of igs em ohnre = ‘Theta Py miter alee Sw a Py tng rae, Tey ie ved netic flow: orm = GV" we sens Wn the ‘eo cn aw hl ven, for. 8.9) 6 Phonan usm 2 = maa for 59) € Pa € “Ten, ne dn Inngge etre by G wl, UG) = {2€V" wes we AL et det by Sim > 1 he fay of ngenge aoe, gene ty norton rama ith ed ang of wh ae Soc mchansn a ety ye cng Ue rl teration at count eng nd ering tan pote eveything. Tate falowng alt ieee ‘Thooram 146. feck lenges L € REL V", conde writen i he oon D2 LV for Be Pr. Take LCV" goed by 9 gammar sue ir, We cine oe neron gr o = (1,8.P)n Kuroda (VOWEL A] KSYVD, Fs od (AXie.aen)|A 2 Pann € NUTU(E}} U (AB. ACD. 01m) AB CDE Rayon NUT ULE), (aatiaiaen) UIQ ABN AAEM) tary| | a A DUAL MODE: INSERTION GRAMMARS “Theale ye he ern. Th yl XX mare sete where Sue Sto th had ees hr snes he len Pe Pap tern en el salen td i te ‘eS oe tne Oe the er bd th hon Pate se ‘Gen sted ty the rn PO eng cu eg, MOSES a ile sb ed a anny smd Ye Soc be ed whe er oe wg ay Coma arone ring ao wry afl comp the sone wih the ps a “ror he ering pit re ene pcre ‘Ring c's iy rng tm ete maid 14.8. Deseriptionsl Complexity ‘As for conte gra a for cantetal gramme (Sein 3), fer inet garni = (V4) ei AzlG) = ea MAx(G) = mastol| ©), rasic)= Sle Prot =a) smiey= le Were thee msi the ea wy to gain Su ‘Theorem 17. Al te means df aloe are cone Pro Wecnly meni he Ignasi rove the aston aoe Weleove oth tr dhe ey ak f prving th lowing ee Axial [MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMAARS 25 Tartlash ce cad ma fn, fs Lem ‘Avtar the compat problem cence, ke rental gas "Theoeem M4, Any fon of he ease A, As, end TAs are compe Prof Let G = (4) be agen gamma od taken gamma = (WAL Ps that LG) = Good Me sah hl anal + wth thi propery. Fr all wt > so, we have wy € A” Theeefore therein gee A auc tat, 9" win Wemene the ig Hn ‘Avda n't at already thee, and intact P alee (rane wim can) 2c) mittee 4.5m 64 Taal) PAA{L{C)) TAC) = Tae) Aa) > Ae) Idd tetas fos, seahosl SS ani ‘eh Sb ed enna de ganar G¥ = (VP) wy A chained lige Thieeadh a Gai eter Ue thn wtodon sin A In then dhe in denn wy 2° na Gh © [a We toon int a"” Arend) 0) U(o0™ In 20) sows (nlding aa ae6 A DUAL MODEL: INSERTION GRAMMARS sei an be generated y he gation grammar = (fe) (10 TET} (bere), (tea). Coane, Prod) = | Conaer ‘nna = ([a te} 4,P) uh tht (C= bP) = 1 The bona) 520, 2 (ede) 8520, eee verre) ‘ig lhe fos be pods. Ina we ota the eto en eH hn jak Ts Weis) then ey miki few pi teat) e3 Set} Wier) (hae tain 1244) Ate Ted = 18 which ‘utaton 1204 1-49 =, then agi we ba ‘ctcton, Symi} > iat (vee 1) Hover, Syna(2) I asl = UG") fe OF = (C0 beh, be) A), (ah 3). There Sb and Pr a ncompable ‘2 Cone nw te ngage Later reac) + for) ean 1 i" Ae L = UG) for @ = ((8) Ll), me have Prd) = Symi) = ‘eighty = 0. Cay, cack grammar geet te gene 2 0 bing Proc) <0, Syl 2s Waly) = wt hve A= ‘herareau(@ = 2, Ag() © 27ARIG) = 5. Homer Len be oe tented ty O° Claeh Co) lnb)}) Hone, Aa) 21 MARUE) = Fre(z) =, we prom that sory Pr Spd, ett i cpl iby Ae Ma Fae ‘Ply oat angvge 1 (tte n> 1) Ufa [n> Uh, ich can be generat the gamma G = (0b, (en dP), Wino) (dena). Thee Weight) = 1 sO Seca) 4B be as ton gamma sch tat = 1G), WalgitGry ail Warns) @ Pep ten eee fa eds} 2A We anche a] = I tea =e we an sta es” > ws” ice wade an oan abide =e nid, nbn 2b we ob [MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS ma texas. Sin, we id tht we cannot have € {dh 08, 96 0 Coc the ra ars) mat bee he fo (ce) oe) A ‘hw no tea the sc am then fer sings Po be ‘Bina miter ale ot a ar then fen ing lao (se be bain In canclaann, Prodi} > 2 Symi) 2 6 owners Prodi) = 1 Sie) © 4, haa b= LO") fr GP = (rbd (hen dhe 12 3) Cen). Te pre ie scopy of Pod mad Sad sith Weight 144, Regulated Insertion Grammars a ve of the alin Seton 141, we ao tha he aie 5,930, ovens tions la paricine nee oe gangs (°C [2 (erlee toh), (oimenen |mm 1) ain Sono cmsngey sting, Scr re ot ating ft lpg il ha the aed ring iP the ial nung Tha, af ata to cee the ome Sur rummy tnpeignatetn on Ui of ta aoe "esos bree, pope, cnet ad ely te ‘edition nn (oan tone appearance kag ‘mtr eertongrommarin sie = (VA, MiP), where V an siphate dus Site langnge ener [lanions),M eo tebe {eld ate) of etn a (lesnientenenanh #2 A (lenzi tl lonesce€ eo tt w = wie weave nd ot ‘outa the subword wy and (24) appears in "Phe language ened by ded te ar my A programmed scr ganar in pte G = (Ve P) bre VA sate aed Pe tee dep eel programe as) of (00, £0, er ine he hn ale a tin ad Tooiahfacle ‘ton be (ah) = ado 6) (oss ale ether Stu panes wes um, AN.) rod re Bahanms | DUAL MODEL: INSERTION GRAMMARS ) ws = mg doe acon the ating oz 6) Foy) ta oe 8) 2 reply cnt insertion prammare a geen @ = (VAP. K.P) wor Ea ae son, Pa fn eof abd aero ra = Ferland Fiat ae. ‘dso in hth fn to tr re eg ne snp Aranda labels rons Bm uiavny em ck pipet maaan , 7 {random conti neon rmmarienyeem = (VAP whee VA rea above and Piette taf oo ner ie ao fh {ego or (£4), whe (rs) an etn rand BF [tease of Sh alee be ape i 2 dstaton mp => ‘Noth hr no ttn on th en wet wih aough ach 2 sein ent see, doen Chay aero, rg, by dn ory wt Te wo thos gn ed “The nin of anguge gered by a, worammed regula con tell dram ene ierton sats wit amy te Sec by Man) Ps) Re) Rts en thei Ire thle P= Din massa aly onl grammar, f= 8a (Li leofrando cnt guna and P() = ath al of propa fed gommors (ae spt compen rt peed wen revi © ‘rama then ewe Sy, PS, KS Sy, MS. PS BS, tet, for be omaponing fat sppencane checking ne summa the et thar te prot wh Siberia ‘Theorem 14.10 The iayram s Pyare 1.1 ole, where cack erm de sole vel rnin al need James yen = are compel ie ete pf esa ge 10 wa so amma 14.7 R54 © MS3n20, Prof Lac (A,) bem random conten grammar sd oe the 0 = WA, lan dA} feud an eaten om) @ Fase VA S454) The any HG) = (7) bios ° Lem 148 MS CHS, PS, & HS 820 Prof Than incon can be proved in atndned wa these way ts for omar mle poem, ed gal conta ana). ony eaig bana tin ru Gn oni ta ‘ih tie tae component a G nad the cntel ngoge RT [Sins The suo these gem oboe Px programe fama one oie tei serach th enton ea a Eee ae puma tee ty en in 14H fio angus goes MS, PSU RS) #8.00 | DUAL MODET: INSERTION GRAMMARS Prof. Cine he stenting 3.8 (0.941889. (86.990) "hie nguage cannot be eer yo rnd conte ey prog ‘acd rion gem nang of hse yp hve te property tht mh Teng aragh sing can ow pty sobrng ne om tha sce eugage Tas tebe mith (0) oe ie ‘Sige fhe rn 0° ae eo emma 14.10. RS; — PS £8,820, R5e~ P50 AH Prof Lt we consi the ngs In = eH [42m Ula Pete EZ m> 1) Uae [a> mutate 2 mm 2 C= ledede stare are), t.beo. 8b foe.t0), (se. .0eh. 9 OD MeeF DO eens the langage Ea 0 In € RS ‘Spoon hat y= L(G) fou pogramaped grammar C= (VAP) of waht AeA i ft eh fee © Abe" 7A A ly or ee mune af ater" we ho arom derivtos he Ferm ae yah ave = ati ragetly. and we ned ee or Integer ings which 4 m0 enti the. ea ie Testo th etig BOT a if number dein see tn Ds (oc ty) =o" (dt) tC peso) pried) Me EA, D5 (hE) ot (ae) mo (a pel) = (Wiel phei.gy web Awa ha > yj he case fy > Hest. The rls in D an te apie he be Se a0 hr bain tig be Fare (Bifede iesnot sb. onteaiion Fore’ me come te nguge tO, which nll in BS but wt in #3 ng ith cnn we ped yn oe ‘eam of meek) ARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS a Note in he pot the enti fhe atta. ecm sat the wrk of poe rear wih ny re on an fhe ere {Geen nthe frm (ry ere bh nel ef progam rl he ch ‘dm cont inion water of weight Tea be sed by such ‘propanol grammar ofthe sn weigh fete tg toe Pe (25) fmm end ote ral (ut) (4) Wee the Howat fais f0)3) (28s te eng the ann cote facing Sent din i rat op 3 As ert Lemme M11, PS, MS #020. Pra Ceti he rogram ison grains 0.) PY {1a Bh ACK END Were 1G) = f° 12 0} (we (| ol = 2), ethan titi ab oped ring on ab apd vith m> an Such astng nota Gy) ncelrliaiees emma 1412, Sg) ~ Ky # a0 Pra. The anges a inthe pst of Lemans 16.2 nati theft Sy" "The pot amine ate po heaton by fn ale te he am (0) mth pr 2 a for och dering a oe, ‘Fete een The ae i, celts cn worden be ‘eet sang tom oF ne podocng stag wat a fy 1m Lact Uwe proved hat $C CP. The sina elton ot re for mt ogre and Yer conte) rama emma 13. MS CP ER, PS: CF 2B Pra tec of mt gam the rion lows he pi of tea 4.9 (he oegange (conser thre ence nat) In Theat of pean gry, eens the rammae 6, = (labo Ah (L-Ded), (9206, 0) 2%) UD “Telugu gated conse fal ating fae) eh tha, ting Myth fie skeet rn#s0mahes. stale or radon catst rant whe ai el tothe ote or invert rama, Meson, a hn or npr cing, Weal| ae A DUAL MODEL: INSERTION GRAMMARS pec its pot wer ey eign the omer of onc inern ‘Poms ade sos apc eng Theorem HA% () KSu XS(e)m > WA € (EAA) Gy WS ES leon > DHE (EMER. Gi) Sayer) C AEs a ey MM) empoai ch of PS RS), emma 1414 Rae ~ MSq(0) #20. Pro Telus La = (ot 2 UU [222 egret by he ado on gf wih = (8) 19) 6.86, 08.0.0598 to not byw enti gammar eh mts eeln deatice = Peds anc ems wed Yo remem ing itl (c= pong sing cng weet eatin SSS Stig ae ae ° Temme 1438. RS, ~PSy(o0) #20 Pr Cons ngs he ang te po of en 1630 Fa toning the cae urethane ‘awit sha pean eng, ny egy yr me Haq Tanao toe yng vw odes tengo Shap oon fy inode nf Poe) 6 emmn 1416. MS) ~(PSa(69 Rae) #8 Pro gige (Pa 2) in MS; ot i PS) sate) 3 Tamme S437. PS; ~(MSG(e)U R00) # Hon 20 Pr, The npg (61% [> 1) [LI in PS; Ge cr eR ac teat yaaa) bo mn FST ern an ain wf ta tas ‘opel rin to) (each mnt wd rowing 00 e TMvatucng thoes aioe abo ad ar reg eats pone on) ° emma 1418 (15;(0)° Ria) ~ KS # 8020 Pro, The guage (282 | kA} WEE | > 2) canbe pantie bythe mu gunman 5 ashe toe) ea) 60 Hl), ely the ed cnet ra = (lobo oA) (eh (bv. ILaN. MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS ses ow, ang nt ay KS: ene fe ge [te to rings se se), dae Producing rings hich te nti cu aang) ° emma M19. Ss —KSfae) # ha 0 Pra.“ lansigs Iyer in the poo of Lemme 1.2 ad 3.2 noe iy (When mnie nthe a ‘eels eontlledranmar C generate th gage tof S| ‘het tenes ae of © spn on ag eng Beret canopies nn es eee open cig nr sd by tat bx HS. Ta ott an ‘We lo hn ction ith he maven tegtning of Lemans 14, ‘Theorem 412. RSae) CCE: Pron the pron Lena 14.17 we ed ina lnguage wich ne | Sc), eu to rove th aloe, (Conder erandom eaten isn rma = (VAP) of de eres (ere, BF} Ph = Btn we eee ae = (WULA AULA M(oseehB PIEP IE 3) © Mlo2.0. BPC 8.21] (ase) £ PIE P.ae YY) We ci Bve {@) = (011 aed al rade) fb 93 a {heat ay wan cs pom at LO) ech (gic Se EP ee he {ecm ten 1) ato ea ee aly CP ed Set der) Creme “ht trem ne that 1) CPC» (VF) arm estat ponma bem ah oft (ae Fae A= false) Aoe-nas|ain-te CAM EV CHEB) P= Hod) —(eosNouen)la-senle 8] (esas an BEP)E Mae Yl 0k Fora string = € (V UV = Vw date bap) the oof mle in V appearing payin copie of Vx er wie Ps “abe the pre gramme (a= (= V0.0), fr Ate te ube (V2 VP = 30S lj = LG) (ei) eV (be lngugne (Gr) at ce ee. Meroe, oe = feemlng re (aap ore in PY aedid wt oresO EF) iP Nev x Vandsm 4A DUAL MODEL: INSERTION GRAMMARS consider the soma hid epics oe ctv of (00 by, ae he ‘Sher spmde angen iby hethero a ale sols nae prow bt aoe a Fragpn a the rowed eng (nat ‘Soin fhe ale) omen the tats AA Ao ate hat o ae Ga io AMAA eA, teigsteisem (i) ee = ont cism a rea # ch So.) Pd Al ete fing in (VU VY nity 11 j my, vmtraced se above, me coir Stating roa family 4 wean = an be et A he owing procode: Porech A 0S) Sm Hw aie (ee P 1 (o8)—2 and rom r2((a0) BADE, and abt) AP, BalphtA?), Fret) = 0), df ad le (8) = # in Pach hat a) ~ pA) #8 South gC A) Th ay fhe wt (he st ist and he aly fi A fee dee te et a en caeieal ale “he lowing pn with tina bot hs roc 1. eta =o) Callao ASD) SV fr alr P 4. Ass conmauance of he pin ake, we ad that the rede soe ‘et ie mnber af sage srg tie ele (8) == canbe nah a pt) a) 2 A ee i oe 1 Allee A? ee cents Ingo: Re tar fe te Inguaee TAO and ter tenor of comet sutton ag ‘turing (eth we sports prone he ene ie). 44 Each satiation 3 coerpnds to dein a which does ot Fntodice new ayn te ch stein: mtorr, the dein of [MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS 105 2 eae tht he andor cote etic. Sina, ‘aaa gon corp toting he anor ote ale te ‘Sey ewiting thi loca ost) ee ig) Conquest nage settee = Hah ne (YA. —¥ te mio Sed Moss ev MB heh 20 Va otto Oh Diogplicl Notee "The fanton pms wee inode in {under the name of semi-comtextual grasmmare). a eee eee eee(CHAPTER 15 FURTHER TOPICS ei chayer we hl rey come srl pic ite dialy comet {Sota ganman ig de non of cee in final ode wot posy i enwted wih eta angoge, We tat wih at of then te 15.1, Contextual Grammar Forms ‘Aw mgt quaion in trend langage thot cones the ‘Marky st bagage When tan oe a tat tw agg ave stat ‘aye A pele sue ingen Uy the en of aia Cn, eadnced in [1 tee and ete one found (85) and 29), owghy venga fom na granu, by eterpeng He Sloe fy ned rasan ogg ne a ‘nia pmsl slr angns The interpretation ane a apie UT aymtot/ cnet ty tne of abttatinn with etn prope Inch pening tbe “she rae ter ‘h enttal gm fom fn etl eat with dice (Gg 0 Wvcag) Wm (Vp) wa cnet grammar a he ‘ha thine Fi ln ale ou bie one apn i ited). gums ape = (Ye An Ci wane 2 ie ne san, Van pao Ay ©) GE fa (ites feu} CC moat w eet ee) a We Se at se € sigh are Wythe gta) (ee) | te (esc e a) sch tat wc rh © a) The (Cp) ete amma ofthe nerpetation “Fie othe fogs Gy me can tnt the fates Fa Gi) Fai of lang ot) En Gs eee te exe he teal de 19 te rane oe inept fC "Atay Pid ote grmmatn i thr i gramme fon eh mo wwme Porraxe roPIcs ry) 9 € orn). Tw ranma ome Ge ae again Gp fer) ‘Theorem 151. Al fn BC, BOG, 1G ICC ae premmat Pro Lt we ese the cotexial gran orm Go (a) (eh (aa) aaa) = (a) fran 2 0 We'd tine Fal) & BCC, FalG) © ICC. Comey, (/ALCre) bea comets! grammar Conse tbe fle ton Oe ame ty Atel (us) €C or (a) €C)UY, Wesiviuly hav A (0) and CS (2) | alah € He). Coser ‘eth mapping ys P+ die le) = fe), ore el") = By the cosaction, J = (VAC) i a neprtation of Ge: for he otal amma Gy = (Us Asp) me hae et) = Lal) nd Iin(Gi) = tlGh. Tho, the tnceoes BCC Fy), wl ICC ab ‘Te ae of fain BC, 1 obi by eing the atoning ‘By pring the fs ome a the pein pro, we leo « Corollary 15.1. Alfie LEC, ECG, 16, A160, MC, 11BCC, LIC, ICE re rma, Iti the far Go above we take © P46), we (ern) and mya take (ayyva fsa} Hh ne ave baie (Corollary 18:2. The fer PL and {(3}} ae arama “The fot at ey language ina family of cna gang ch oe Leone the preiu herer ae beefae y inerpeting (a ie ‘hataton) sunque promfr dvr 20 pl ha thee 2 me antes Tg ha al lange in» en fay av he naps (Bs engage by Ee atta ne, spp tat tee metal grammar = (A.C) eh Uta rey langage © ECU (the rant nr for oly TOC) ‘tthe em = al eG) rote sutton s- Ase tata) (2.3), ean we obtain FY = A), then we ee Fo) i } i MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS 209 faite bation ¢ v7 ope tnss). ch that We PMR nh aim age a he fr fice sation ee sry fg) oem stig ilk an ie ‘oun of erences of Hath a one stags ih aes hay a) 2 then byt eam sig 9h Ly(@) we oud ‘Satna with bth center of ym Suh tag ce ot {tent Hlence of) of ha the ipa sul catin St hast anine bole Ths comedic shows thatthe een Fe sa) pombe However» pata eit re, ving the et sini fates laa Inguge geosted y grmme Without chat ‘Peon 16.2. For evr > 0 vei lenguage L.€ EC (rope, 1 eC) rch the cory angeage 2 © BC (every £16) wh Cong) 1 Cone) $0) i of the form 2), for te sebtion Pro Conder be contestant wow coe a= Wald Aland) Sem, hn Ya fag) Ufa | <<. eG (114.6) bes contextual gamma without che bing C {yeng UcH SH) fork Sm We comer oe inte ation 3 — 2 eel Hoay=a, oi) = fo), dh) = fh Sts a) = Hh) =) LSS Ey igi Lac Ga) at ara, ty in Adan(Gy) ft frm e-em 2 A= lh, jab) be teand (ai) © lah ed sok The egy Eafe) lee(dy) hte cin Tey tome Ut abn se ENG) been) : A treatin 1 = ( UAC a cote gamoa frm (Wia.Cvo) eels isthe Elonag nna et Lave, 2 a} =8, or alae Va Wie dete by FG) fei), tbe eof laaguags L(y) gen ‘nce bythe pin yo eh he set ntepeains f {Ge Atay Pach that P= Fs(Ga a € (exin)y sad obeyom he defon of hese trprcaton (emo ae mapped to symbol a erase ae sped to Ulta fro, ‘iy gt the towing sey ol {G7 nd Par sty eg lent) fei). “ay afi) se icopual he Prof Indo if Gy = (VAC), od € FSG, Shen length) & Ae) fay ea Maser FG) ie Iangtge hen ent) et “Tis retin ‘Theorems 163. The fami BC ond 1 ae ot sry grammatical foniiee As expec the propia of fily FG) of Fal 8 € fee) Aegan on te pope fr Ge pont here, witht rot ‘ety af ale a tgp, erning ke oa proper of rane VA,C) te econ grammar form who TT fal (Gy) led ander won nd only f here eter Vs tate tralia eu oad (02) 2 The fm (6 eden ogo eanaenaion Sand sn 1A) de (A STNG fem FG) cote der nerveton with rele egvesee and only FEE (3). eon wth eu eee Proof the wens in There 154 of eb arene) rut r Kee» and nese opie eat be fod [9 Thor 151, 182 ae am 10, "The ne rrr of th sation ae bed 0 MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS an 15.2. Growth Bun tac a Seton tr neal comet granu Moc oer ‘eterna unin othe refed Ses 103, wth ely ‘om Because for ach mag Boe en ow ined ote ‘rnin aed every Seaton sp we hae ay oe pls soln ‘en (by te tins nial Ear) es rua gece ‘gee lngge tn rss order Spec fr = (enh oe) Si 8 CM, pr nie drat tae Wednot by Seta) the voce wy. abd by D'UCCa(E) the fay of langage posted hy Str fain ith cly cr ses thd wih cone inthe a made Pa) 1 Lgl) init, then the eee aie. Monee i ae to hea inte Seqe(G} but ae engage L(G) whan wt ay {Se gh the amy comet ed then, = hy foal} > he tnyty nts hanges wii at pica tp =>, hn ho ther conte pple ence oly Py of cnt, bp Song the me empty ene) ‘West by tg n/N" he mapping ely bi te thom fogs Se Ther tn we de dein, dad a smi een st rs nen Stal nates ee pa boat he pe fc {cnt page i can 8 need yo aa hc {=m ben yea) we neo ¢ al ann ‘ie so iif tw = my ea Fo Viet tirade mats te peter se tt) ii ngs nme Ce ed Sete Secon ec ie eto pg Seca ag thn 2 Te “ie arn uy aon oom noe anced ame cel (ame saat = Pal rl ‘eed th os hoor 185, The gratin ofp pre andl rma orraen rorics Pro For = (U (0) axel [0.01 £0). oh tae dente Obvinty, svete aft) $k Il 920 {op he mn te net ey aed one mii at Poh agth a hr ant tng) ‘A anol goon nn fw to characte the pombe ow 1h aetna he scon Be ‘eile blow Wo bg with fog ele ‘Cal upping f= Bao ce here ofp ach hat Hijek dep tor Mig and J) ont the vas (0), f(t deme the gaa (hte alphabet oe aning rng aa the following done: 1 de). (Aw*™)p, rostsio—h 2 detente {kien one ht pon no ean he aed al ct 0 cope 1 ao tan bt eae ly enc cigin arb Bena) Tint nea en ays ens aa 0h bi fonts easton hoon) = ics). Comnty, Sone AD onal i) Gone none gama (8. 0.40 (20 i rt) ww Seas) = bn, ahaa bata, hee (bet, forma we Lael, ra 22, “This inptise smote (iffy tguce [MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS us (i) ie itr p ofthe psi rain.) Thi ot a alt ine ‘ston be eae teal auch hate roth apogee Ineo ogee age th) ° Por ganic with eer alphabet and fate seston we have compe threats o ow ein: "Thoorem 16.7. The cas of ruth anton of grammars wi oe eee dnt seen tele ee oft ea meoinge Pron pit) ofthe pei teen we proved that every sce ‘near fnction eth roth fare «ta tn he sow saa ‘Conveniy, ake a gramnar = {a ey} Ce mh te ston += male) 2 hn to asin with €2 4 oly th aber eam be aid he Inge ee nly the canton la} = teat) pg 8 Bo F=LslO)N tw 10S 5 and JO) <0) << = <5, ‘Ths, util tread, the van of » MIDC amet J Hep atrity ince tat soe cvaant afer the thal. Obere ie paste {iat wbeoer S11) 270 thn sap oman eer era The ‘roce of etl “oma tap ne pace ‘Rincton 7 UN oN moolounly esg and antl er tl ne, sirsiel ve IPL, HF) ft 1) Bl fora = 0 ‘Totem thee subnet) dp 2 per whieh o (4 fora maenee On [o foals 2. a sting o> te o sttegthin )tben the spt ad Ue owt a! erating peice Tym these aad wpe ub nd aes he mane of de cline ate, “he oot of te Cli foe um the deft nd the lo in ‘rather ahead uo od i ce tbe wp of + bean oth wera the peti cf ng of wee ‘hse hat (on) nant the pret ngs ae den epee flows tat Iola flo =ae Purruee Tors “The fie sete f these prov us the stad Ci. We ot nnd sc hn a) >t = ep frp Lh ak eit 38 Sua hae ng tie Wet nd re tro enfant pan cats rsp HP ea Ave by ps flay 21 Pro th Clim, ars = sop, Te roel fading | ‘Promamsa,niamase vilety pion. Tye mune rin ‘Ge deescna ats MIUPL fut) oe wow scanty the ng of the ‘Sueno at he deriaton tg Pu to yy. The Cm grants {Sab prowt oni ofr hse aes te cnt of 9 MIUPL "Coney, stun hat MIUPL Scion f ien. We lon the o> asin ein tbe Seton sf MUP anos nthe coctocon of ‘Secmine cotta rma Th shbt oC (aby) The Seng string 0 sad the procins a Be) (Aatle—H9p, ras ES I=L 2 (fel). 18 can sow be ntl sri tha he growth faction of the stn MEL nf ye 1 dc a a he ha In view of Trem 15, mpreierpowth caot be caine for deri san son ol cones id sath te. S paral drat hoe OCMC We al sna hte the paral! mail mode of deaton, SoS tnd ees 18 EAS Sener fo Scio 08 the we wnampls daced afer Se Snng the gral raster fhe deg ef pain f {nine wtih arte eapncatl gree yy () "Th oon Bore wah € WICC Prof = ty) fe © = Von} Ch and dar) = dep) < cyte thems rotted by heh ape) < chee bh ul mB dap) + he £ = an | (9) Co nh dering ep a mn ap) Thitas ac nae sal fe tnt in at aa ae Cepler 10 (beter 019) we pine ot tt mami 15.2 () very ft anne vs prin) =, bt 8) ery te ene ho daprintt) 28 rom thie emma wef hs thete ae Iageges Zit prin) ce sad wth lear pw tle, fr taney omner © = Clos {Hoh Ua), Ete). We have Seat) Heace Ly) = a tha infinite lange, dpi (@) = Hower sonthggy()= 9+ 1m 20. “harass wie oe which, eit ving a steht teh C0, A (24, oA Sea) = be abe Babe, Paden 21 Sa rent oe h we “The et tha paca) = fos rm Teen 1. ‘ower ec hate eg pu a hooeom 15.12. A tengnage L-€ DICC (REG) hs ec rsh ip abe) = Prof The“ upton proved by Thre 15: Coneny,tke mera = (. ay).Cp) mith epee »“H(u) far (0) € 0, wtp) os bth py ana tat theres eonstae pel at yg) ty) Pe all> 0. Atcvery derivation step in Gat moat p contexte (us) with wv fA fred Boos dp) = alow the Uae re Sean tp ck ‘Se Gh empay ene (23) ah rary ane of it th detion sep, he acetone a (a soared by mt of tenga theo seecn ein ar at set fin ume thee an aary abet ‘adjacent cto of (3) ted eae. a -1(0,3)) = PPresCe MAD: Language D i gala od i conti lain ngs "(8 ), thor ‘shih ae to rope fe of ber tgs a g(t ns Be (ee V" Lota) # Bole) # (AD.a FoxTan TOPICS Mimemyeey cee et aa) «(aah ms isin fon ian tons Soe ee ease aceite ite iat Caos 9 2) = (4,29, ere DY (DUE, sud dente by the gama bie in thi wa. ‘Wetave Sel = Segal) Ly)» Eyal) amd do) < apr se simepaeee mney in Gawd a, ind 9 adhoc ‘nian = Gah (co) # Oh a RPECEY RRO eT ona 1 sind in ¢HG 127 3 fy nd he pai eerie! seca ee ony destpontin of a smi nthe parle ‘tol ade Wah rapert te Ot recat a ign tr Tl Imani ctw pj) ¢ (0,3), Contec, we co plc lah (tone of ln ean fhe spt tat by onl eae eho Fi ed to) ps, a te “dein thes, podcig ease sang bat he dere a ae Inccned wth sr (4, mitont ving to ane cos of a There, dnc laa) < da < 4p 1 whic contri he cui th ath ele ge pin, Ne code Consul the dee of allt ht at teal infaece on the lopsetgaeth we psd etn Saf the proben ofthe ectve ‘Stout he degre of pais son fr prams with rela ‘Gert ew has on, th parte fot compatable fr amar ‘hiner nto Ale seein ti tone ro [8 whee frre rere can ake be nd MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS no 15.5. Contextual Grammar Systems Jn “dif Iaguge ts, rammed alot) ac de pactely on rma gna ne langgs (ue aaa eae ene Ing) However in nde campater seo ach notom a dbon ‘sore popu ad ipo, Changer eters parallel eompuing it ted at n,n prc cna (our) of tae mtn. 1s hgiy pcb Conny, Foon, cy nce th, th nce Ie) tt masa lo wok nm ited manne: He, Pay ale podce he phrve tt aguag we ae a dated Tn (hr computer iene tee ser appro oe ia, ‘hin ema te ngsris modes sutra A raat Yond ot bute pr wage systems a nly be dvd in ean jam uber the ne af gremoar oem tery "Thi Se aad seep a flan. Mh cn ie {ho etre (we rec in 7, (9 ahr, ria yom sv of ramones woking together, sir ington pied pots a pads ov ngage Teena sera ee IEtE pte ceopeatn, easel comeing suds somo eee Tate hey cube mani ood teal poeorenn ones he (senate) pomea he emponent to eae (Smerpoal) compl “The copeaan toa har del wi ws ape To oe ee he tery gastnar nn th ey af cpr pote foes ‘ot onthe erate cape, ut onthe feng the ems od ‘omit ce om teenie cpa an on tn spe port. Up tomo, Bae caer of aia stat bae ialyive uprated (CD) grote, fear in 2) lowing he tno 12) vel gram hae cmon went fom, {etl hie 2s common slo Atal ne enlyoe granary eae (Gh trom te singh td al the tess rence "Fe on fn nde hi tran eo bce settee fam bea ate 1 arth ona of theta) a hey ae spiel y Hh operon Foocl ‘The anny of trial sige nested i tha ath [fingered bythe guiem, hr tue sop tonto, mation: eok ‘Seat, when sc, be to work ely Fstop, a est at met ny orn anal nmber ose (a step ta he appation 2 ‘ing a). Maye satay con wee cere ate ‘rate Sometno an earl cate a imped whch specs tea rorragn roPics ie tetas cpt ave a bern age. Wo do no ua hae no Sa paral commantcting (PC) ra sens aoe in [8 by foe PS hed mode frets fr ul fonts! anna el “Ga a ote! soma © = (VA (8, C3) agree of G the inte aed eet by = the dn tole coopuoet (ine mode a € (et), Then for b> ym die Fase Ut ratign iy mtg (EEL pd the in Vc tha yay “The ange netted by «gram i the desvation ode f€ (68)4 [ene se fest) anda nyley ees in deed AUIEV" | ah thy haa reAm2 LIS miles em) 4s) vot md ith Fees F being aly a angung ate denoted by MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS a eDLECEUE fh, CDQICCUFf), epee: whe mca be bounded, we ‘eps ‘Westlife he flor dei above, sang with the aterm deaton, “The lations blow lie dl he Satine (im leo ems 163.. CDpECCLF 1) © CDyECOUP A) m> for alt f ant PEP NCDABOC(E ANE CDey BOO) fralin > hea al EP “Th flog horn sos that ed of devin thera ost sf uch inte exer evain fom te a ew of parse ‘pues ‘Theorem 1513. forall ff we bee ECC 1 Pe Joy a lsd tate snes eves, ten BCC(P) = CD ECC. Pro. F a pana © = (VAS Ci fSniC) mcm = (WATS Ce tan Ca) oe = GUUS eas aed we tin 216) = agi?) ae oye hoe eluding 9 = => | F551 (wet ceteat (fr comping bor 2 8 2 tspatng wo deo nC) ene BCC & CD BCCIARE, J) fnai'f tthe thse dey hve Lig @) = al Gr J or th as > fee > 2 ands grammar = (V4, 94.0) (Suda) vie SG Le Fem we cmt te gman ROD i Conim' eanic ye eandC mee ‘Da BCCIARB, ander righ nd WAS Cf SaCa) we Se tjuter (esa Alisa agaist ota, wth (9) GLE) Sh fort png 1. £m ames Fic et <5 Ehlers he seine 5 deed by SE (SI) Bf) MP el seal We von ham La ga) = Lay af, Move, ae in he amy P'S) aren Fad Put rcpt mented he here Coe Gunty, CD BCCLR = #) CCD ECETR = 1). The ter fy a, iene ECC(F) ame ave en shoe ore 2 Emo of desvaton we proce orb we comet the grammar romana leet ¢ forall ky £ 24-1. (Ey dcvtion nthe > kde ing, or cmp, mode, Specie, Alopsomamnn one mth (9) CG 1S9 ERsn purrnen roves 1a the = k mode ad one ne dteton the = (4g) mode; lent Tek Ege Mh) The lunguage ae dened scr the ons er feral ott ra not engl. Th Fen forth tod od ths expected, tea the ‘aed Jaton tomadeed in Sexe 108 Theorem 1514 COLECCUREG.1) - BCC 4 0 ond BCC © con octaRs.). Pro. The lancunge the ood y the gran {ie nt BC (in) Indien BCC Cdn BCCCARS "Tote end. takes sone grammar G = (U,A,C\9) sa for ory eal) tne lca) low | m1) ean be genes i Ai fea leon (0, bt 1) in| ap 8, a #8 Hee De EA (The ng of he shit tation of xn) The daiae Daum © {8 € Ll) 2} = 2h 520). Das = re Bt 320) “Tiss aportin othe age Lo thew ayer dotons {ere ay, tne i sniaton Seain fin! kngh se ‘his og i niu. Cosine the sete pammer = (AC) “ Hla) U(ue) ares Dash 2€ Da fel= e}— {ie} fares Davy) 2 © Dar ‘ahi We tee Lgl) he sot derivation in ling to rng = ial posi mG Lal) & Lal te cones Inchon eve Seca "alow soni be ned wich wt allow by poy Gane nom all the mbes C3, Coch hat gC) #8, = WAS Cs fS4.C), secu cien OF GALS .CDASG MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS we Wi ve Lf) = tna") (the 5, te ger nay of peti the tation te by ewan fed aril) = Lan eh He 3 oe et) anf (ue) eG teeter #5) (pete, nev dS 0 we cnet so he eset (5 i (Sc) cm sp Ee ‘Shar the peat ‘he Kain elt crmepends to Lean 86 and le rol iar to ‘hat of ere 10,0 mot ‘Thoseom 16.15. CD BCC(REG.!) LIN. Wed not kaw where a this inlio pres. he tet ad, whe Theorem 15.18, very tice ngage ewe og of ¢onvaye = CDyECCLABG Prof. Lat L GV" bes liga Inge gaeated by Ue Her gras IW SP) We cov hai es pram © = (NVUI xe }.5, P(X [hey |X alve Rae V¥ EN) Ulkaia ly ceneer) fermi smote th wr of ct thew ete) ‘Weconsrce now te ental grammar = (VS C3) th Ve vudnyi xe npute, Xe X ee Ree v") Seva" (aMeVe"te, Ge UX) 1X —a¥ve Pave VY ENIUAGI With the we coding AV" —V* don by Ae) = MIX) = 4% € 9 and Na} aye Vem obi he egal = Aes). Iden de elena be aed oy singin V"~ (1S — (ea ey erepon to pi of rings node by the rien P. Tne ne owt al ig [aoe [Arley enmponding © ‘lag wate teen tes mi) a mel wags wih dos sro fade tdi in ‘he oly way vig dean i fe pote tng (i) oh ote br adie ‘od het corec sequencing ate care (Ly fhe contents sal by the rola ings S en) rng coy hat lh ‘Theorem 15.17. COSECCULIN,f) CF £8, forallPro ‘Takethe rama sQ8h abe a text (hc) ee Ate ($C) amet be aed, at (SC) ea ot "ath nyo ft sp, ange ae erence of poe that esate (eh 0 ave ben wed the oe nie ite it (Wh a hen Da othe ron the tet (8), tats of ‘Sy leet ane prerme iaechcompenent Conse, we aban ns) = (xe mie) 2 € (4A) Cae mie (0.8) O fertearare| n> Hh feb s08 Lael = (ne miele) ‘Ths anges ate nt contest e he devon od sre abe srpsingy ee (esos) itera oneal rnmate lay on ral gramme thee ras the eertve apc wees the = € mn res ‘Thoorom 15.28. CDwICCIARB,!) = CDAICCUR) = FIM, 9 2 1 Jor any fy # cota sion lenge ak MO = AS) anne mea nae P's thureen ore neesne) @ Guay @ 5 heen yy ‘faut, hich ler tn Sratin chee the ¢ moe inna, a Oh = Ae PIN. Mareen ff tery LS PIN we Base = Gay (G), 0 the grammar Ce ° Term 1 CDAICELARE A) = IEE, Fe w= 3 UES Prof Thin vio ale the pr of Thorn 16.1) 2 Tesoro 1828 10 CDW ICCIARE., $(=42 E1422 azn Chnio(REG. a8) 100 #6 ‘Prof To lacson 100 G CD ICC(ARH, J) fain he hear, can ‘pnw an th ot of Thor 1.3 tarting ma ter cote ‘ranma adhe enter (0) tah open fo the baled ‘amma we hve La) © fa.) ~ a a) = Lan) ry tearrarare|a> I G = WS Ch fS4.E155 6). (5409). Ve(ultsi SEV Ge log-sen)(onsonalh 2 12,84 nh hn 20 rat742 0) Amume that thee an neal cancel grammar = (A.C) = are oa ence wth above Inguage, fr all ¢ 2 1. There w. € Ln idee rane fr nen enouh' th wy AW fms the eb Aeition £ =e 21 mye #4 Min hee Fn = ar the gram © mS Te conte (A iprwe a G an be gtr: sn he ak “cmp content sed Un prion dan wr = sree or Risaiae tila siete heen ab Maw ‘yi re istodiced in pie withthe sume uber af ecurenee. Ifans That ee ae a (8) sch that or eel er ah ach yi mya boy thee sear ‘i ls of nth ns node to rows haa thes Derren (jwetave #2 3) ty rong ostinato remove at et Iterated bs» pa eal wih neve, yn ga ‘i the vteen Cate nt al yeh ee a ‘cout (ven if estar with hep ym bute anew Seba al el he pif cee oa bay ae ‘amen ther: the set pied with, hich waned wits, noo St Hemevr, we cove secures al oe iio abode om tesa he ng tr) 0) son.a6 Furman Tories “The cae of rvton mode 2 etl opm sn the quton water oe oot CDSICC{REG = t wk nH and/or t= conan ngage ch ot ow ely somes pall omnniating (PC) contra gre marquee Such tiem e's cominat Te (WiansCumh Gcigh ne Fi eng tf tl pe Hoa oer Vand gee me, |e en wi ald the degee GEE These (Qh Oe] be dead ty K Sd pot ae ced ery “it Note te cnorane capndence bee the gery miele Qe iE hecomponete soo of ‘an cape (sean) of wings ovr Vis alld cnfperetin, For tro tiguation (te) iat) me wate (2nd) ir (Gre nie) one tt ing ce hl 0) fale = 0a it $4 en 2g = racy = Bate, feluayevleiah ayvainsia el felt etm (2) Thee 1 © 45 mmc tht Je > 0: the, fea ch we rin ey eniQusin Queuan bees CW KIS) ett hit Feo =o ral 2) St thea p= ateyacy.dtont andy, tg in ye) fh trae, a al ouch 9 1 words, yon (1) ei a ara devaton ep, component, ie aul content gramme Pit (2) lar fey ean ye eh fe pnt over cnet snag Im query sia aot be atid int ‘von commansion tp, pa bai i he allowing ce. When ‘Sena quo apes, th desi cana one Xo remoe the braces [on ay ong 9 fo at) ‘Shave The te detion eed neta od the dain rea mat ty ‘he ngnoge greed by in the mode (be a by ialD) = (2€V" [0 80) lan (68th feneAleien, mdm eVitelea) The sring grea by he it compa th ate (alla se ih ences tu tng ot MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS wr ty cnr yt in whch al he maser co nade uy eee (Grmaly le = for al os) © Cy? 2m). Such some called are ad th yen moo hs sion aed ona The ssoperoe af catexenl grammar in the fo of» PC gram yee comutersbly nea he poner hee rears Wepre ee ane manly the eny oP comet os see esr ‘These 1. Thre enraied P ctrl sear ste of soy Sand sao hae wich mrt ah ltl od he tral (mids ead a the cng end the sarin aks fogeae hk tie fay PE Pro Come he yom (0, 4, Qeh Hs 8 M2 Gas bh. orb a (ein) wean perm dition of the fem (Gah yp QoaP) meg QaQsdo ar) a ea ee (yar. lapstie of wth Qy may appa ia the genre tings oF fot a icpectve heme fs waking te Iopate Log et >the angange den at have he IBS property no nonempi comst Sak ‘head sng al ff) 2 The rele shout CD enteral rast sates peed above are ‘en [7H PC ctxt rata yn a trl) 15.4. String Replicating Systems econ ow stig geenting machinery in wich tention of acne isn The ma en dep igre (wa) Tiny san omer ob "ek Unk whee ing ca be Sh ak fer acing er nga If sting nar tating ‘ing mth and dag wih ten ue ng canbe ete betermm oraen rorics ss bch ee ree, Bhi en een (bc i MS pate eating rg) aad bier tne athe neon fa teeing eave oa tani of the ded subst). Ut Fips Is he sng appease 1 how th he serton ples — it {ie ppe pnton td the ing Yo be ered i he ower tion) rating he prove, we bai a ge "Weval hn oper (ntet veptetion Many vain abe aieed, depending ot somes othe quis (0) eae welled tone? an) nt wee? Stcr'anaewpleng ion bnseted it ea rigitisg fiom s miner of roar tae Tra gy, aplcing deen ‘praise DNA semble gin neon grace ‘i language ey, eng thy ithe ese ha Cn pes of {Wacnaca serail an peated, eng th ting ration By "Sr nl conse ee the pil of tarting om ony on ng and shore sony on cots! (rt) cotaog i penton, eh a bong, ‘simple repeat pte i ripe © = (Ym l0b). wee Vie an eNVih epoca lation em, or ry © V* we fie the die verti eatin seey Hf ) rea cen ¥ (2) y=evertey ore = b= (a) Fe sue. No rst iipowed onthe pion fh abig ain = (condition (u))oron the mays ced a Sb) (onion (8) "Saaon (ace tepaced ye ese eso hey apps losin omtenul sod ineton gammy wal cae, = Be MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS sa 1 es (ota dated 4 0, 2. £6 Pref (ekrar fe, 3.2.6 Profle) and «ie mosioa (fe = sues = af = af, the fale Ea masa pre 12 € Prefs) and «imino (= = aah = a = fa the a S fn (mal pe mp 26 Sule and eat (x= wc, then I array een a isle and asin = wou dif = 542 iene ltr fearon = wes eel = then o>) (mane! went fesse ss) (maa ot Soke ad email Is fa te 8:2 Sa) st sini (2 = 2010122 athe = 2) (ory mana 0). 10, £6 Salle) (ay sor fe af We dace yD be st (9. Mp. mp af Lm 8am), of pete aged mode of coca Ue ered tig We tr the at {avin al pte LH ei tenga the frig s == 2" (When a =f fwecas esa bat ira ZF wehae 3 3) eat ey Woden" he fsa raison fhe aon =~ 4D. (eel ies pletion cham) Ton the lnyage sme ye Felcion system #= (Husa) ne tnd p @ De deel Ley= (22 v Jw We denote by SF) th aly neat of he frm ye) 9 (SP Fo augue lid. Weal te she (neato ted aan wil Gy fo) er ‘eam example= FURTHER TOPICS = (U8 ata (08. 1 al cs, the obtained tings ce inn) ne at fom (hen (bey me oe 3.0, ietsowee to eile 92 ‘ae esag ie te em en) = (Pf 9 © (a. maa). Inde, i ay mini wode (pif, lef, ater), me Bate oe {hg al ene ont Tae a) en) = {hy [a> 1), or (a a8) "The matin pe: ens stig ting) of be frm = fasting (S/H sae yg se neyo wih pe ‘Tareas 1.22. Th fel FIN i icomprele wt cah Jel SPC), 2D. Such fomip SPghy {ly Mab) 1s meomporte th ch olf of MAT whch cams tnt owe women te enna ‘Proc bese ht eh se Innguage ie ogee o ins Iingunge te wah ba rsh stem = Coyne) oe cain yey te 102 0, foreach 9p, ME a) Asotin salah Meo « Sane thr “ae frie” contain ely ree gna Thooram 15.23. SF) REG. #¢ (om, Pr aes pain yn #8 Tein wl the pos of wing a, La 1 6 fy aig pe 2 ele tens cling whether or ao yin such sg bong tos, We bin ‘cede Ung ype $e mente cnating dy, ovine 9 La Whe cain ee fre Ly/by. ily by are of ged me ron te ‘sibol Comey Lig sare . Tee with Thy 215, th lana ipl hat ech 1.€ RE ca be wate ne = LV" fr LC (FTC LI). wig the she os fore fing On les nthe fir 9) te sens emia 15.8 Et e «fp of languages oc dosed ender ner ection wth eur eyed esineted mrp For eaty ULB F invewe vec he bg HUF Re), Wa ey bee wey Leer Prof Lato dete ba ae He Becate = by V" = BO and ‘efi the mahi dtd y fsa sf Pela € Pn ‘ee that = (fr 8), ih aay 1, Dene 1 Pwned ect spg spe wn presage oy tht spge fe.9) Fee ihe # ty #2, Mikes Baveen PE pala or SVU a) a em a pas (eine #erejun nen 6 thm cee, seca hate, ema an The dee Lacs sean and ene pone a b= mn = de Ag we ns ait sing No oping poi wiht dic wings wot so ‘emt hae) = Lyn emg 4st ype at plano men he previo punt, web (eRe é Lanegesin ea of te flowing erence roa i hay REG METH RB Li (REGIE) CP” BCLIN RE), CS BUC, ED, ke Wes. Re),tae etendl Hf pte Such per (of pe FF) 9 onal Werk) wtere Van aphnbe, FeV ee ga (with Ae frie FF, Fy beeen amor flange) Fae = (FR) "he dying Hehe, we de uyectaiar nad we deste by EW(P, Fi) he ay ngs 9) feo "The tar in Table 183 hl “hb 15.3: The power of tended ystee PINT RECT TINT OF CSTR Crp cP ae [me [ee [ee Lee } S| Ea TE ar tne rae RE} “The neon REG © EM(PIN FLX) i yond in [6S tgeber ith [A(REG, PIN) © REC. i nd tin lore of RBG ode he ert fe, ne get the quay EH (FIV, FIN) = REG We rc om (179 the ‘outage emp ‘Theor 1528. RE BH(PIN, REC) Prof Comer p00 grates ‘cxuendol Hsp (818.0) ok contre the T=UTAR V = NUTULK,X.8,%.2) Ul%e | eNUTULAI), A= (XBSY, 2Y,xz}U (ZY |y—ve PY Ulam, az Jae HUTULE} sd contin Ue lloning oe of 1 AwHurezgey, fru ee Rwe(verU(a)y. 2 Xegavszer., foraeXUTU(Bh we (NUTULB 3. XegsNgur,, fora e NUPUIB) we NUTULBIN, t egyseey, (orci 5 xgast any, © gevexaey, ewer | t Bysxze Ino eum he wk of hs he pitino No ating terial. Al oe Rn 3 ng tain the syne 2, bt it abel otto ite ag ocd By the "Tce cch sep ne han tw cng 8 seg wes tog te stag 59" oon ang paced ina ious. "Te pmol & stro the bepaing of he eenl te of Byte rain pvp 1 we cn site hen . Te aia pons Ath atig poe by oer B raha prt bed mas the plc wre the sng og, we Know tal awe nh nn ie ‘That nto af he cent ing of a en Bo Bu Be ft te € WUPUAY nbn CUT Band brshend by tae hw ts 2—8 mo Take ating YuaY, or MUTU(AH, we(rUTufay By ameolgne? wae brian. zie er (Tae har inate psn wee th sings at) Th rb Ye me ‘i hh i hme a ip a a ale Note hath ol a rmved inthe penne in ow ded a oat of {Aa ne be ely oe pont of oath By ang pe lov) Xe % (Want 2) + Xa me now ype Tle, eon th Xan) en eer eee ‘nd the sng cao! ba rin We hae to se tle af We 8 (x12.a" ow) Xow. Weal fmm XiwaY an we have tala Xa, ing with theme stdimarkn, We cu tte tha soem cf mw iad nh cle Peruana the sting bmn and an bw pod, Motes at treaban ae xn the cle prmataoes sd tng mare (ota, In ey step wel ve one a onl ne scene 8). “Towne sting Xu” we cn li spy pe prviing tt © ali Ay rae Pea bestedwo PorTaen ToPIcs in thi wat ay pce me wat in the reponding steno, by Propagating ar ove, ning ren oupe 5 ‘Comeau, es ewny met fom of thre 9 sting XY rote bya cmv, Xe BusY produced by, thee we "The only niyo orn he oot bos rom the sige prodaced by (on the apc fe PT) tig ae re Bere re pce Ah ple Xs be towed ely he long ‘i ()Y en ok od we it ‘crm (2)thecurnt sng rected by XY cs trial srk ropes to Gan 2 be yb Bi he and psn Aer Timoviog X and we can nanone Ya. unin, what we oan 8 1G) ad wo Le) L1G). Gooey ech srg L(G) can grote ie hem 0 LUG) tin) We hae the euaey L1G) = LC tat u'c Em(er. nee). o ‘Terre, ging om ie at of ping rake to on nite eat set (ofa ey parle farm) emp RE to (om the Comp tent aa Tami) ‘ha inte wh onthe tate aes et expe Apt (une a cape sac het), Female ve, [Etro upc Vis gpg MY NU), te) se aber loops cfs Vin then Tose spel) = we Y= | Ms)» 8) SESMInT te sepot of HA new fete wth Se) 1 a ES'wad Sir) Ofor + €5. The nn ef marist Me i deed iy Gata) = Mie} AC) aed te ilove by (Mh Me seo. Ae) WIS VAVAV AV, and 40 ce NM, mte ME thee emma ah a (0 on) > 0.) > sy ten es) 22, ferau sain eV" ad adesSuobea€ (ya y= (~~ {05 U (oa) Uwe ct she =) ei gg i Mo 7 UM) = (eV | tar mgs Mh ha wang) ‘oct uni of ngege, fw ent by Hoi the uty ‘dmgnnen ofthe fn 29) = 2A) 0% fr) = (VTA) = Rey and A ml ove Vou tht ep) © ‘We ese floc al ont a rot och Protea be od i ua) ‘Theorem 15:29. R= EH(mPIN, FIN) spite ie bse wera ud propremaae DNA smn ot ‘Give an lpbabe Tan efi of aguas Fy # ota HT Ae Re rere sina bp Vy € Fi Re € VaBUUBNE RVG, Ro Siu to be nunvel Moyen of ye (Pd ey (0-Fra‘) oype (Fi) tee ton langvge A such int he Uk tnd en) eh tne ay 2 WF te Use Incl word aa ingame sone which italy oily a airy Ht stam 7 to, the anv ayn ey, rang te ue Taagige Thea anlar sateen be unas prota othe eal “The pote of Those 1528 wed 15.29 cae pod nie aptne (eth spain spr ih rege sn fre and with int Pty, aatng te soritons tm til ype rans (ech ff be daly produced cn be sb an anil Tu tains) the prt which remain obese tba heme ef omer ya he pane, "Two ery set ve neg. Th, tu okay hast nd cntiatay en en suey ps, oe ‘som nde finie number fale alc ios for softs ‘tthe eel bal 7 The oe of «patna pom yt be aed fe ‘jr enna of ne to a wf ihe “he ct hat Tht 15.28 er arg fre ply we rel. Hone, om the pon one an se tat we oly er hse Sings Thicn be dee ae tom conte gran, ekg er Inti conte on oiding ot Porth wom of orang srr ofa eye, syn ar oi wth ae as, Coney eel vrs eal programe DNA comptes leon een ea be gnc Wc efi ay] eile? Thatoa srorermen rovics 1a he above dif theming, no condition ba bon posed a0 tue mea he spleing the sg, om he ting sting on ‘siting te eam cn be snr ftom sir thane Serge br sonextnl gar (1) By wag ws nd ge the Isnt posable potn, tmepefie/sane ft comet ‘ing ing os that hy ply ener eng (2) By ong en Se ei ae yu ‘me length or even qa cl-pleng); (3) By wing target Tanguag so that ‘ieteallngssag sou mens 8 By cng gos el 5 lon oy apngs (29) 2 whe = eso chee” th 9 (Or ‘tease ingest grlngon wo he i of te) (8) BY ig tng malo ting morn cots th apn le, 2 inant cots pn by costing + rionity ron (x paral ‘| notte asain ey eo ert emia prot Moat the estas cn be nape i lpia erm We do tice into taba nating cn Found, i, 15.8. Nebesky (Grammars We nw biy dca hw of gramate basil o a pata ype of an Ineicn ri, Thing neti ane so ae nw) Hn azar eV Pa Loman 15.48. el Pro Assume that tot (4,2) and ova hl coding 6 the dion, tee ate ppt fae V4 and 22% Vc tha cry ay © = se) = Peg. apr ES eyed Compriae elt 22° ai yy we hve ores (0) Tak > ih) ls Feil sil ). heal. hen (2 or 40 the er = he» = be Satan soon ores dten= Be w= Oe aad Te eaten, EE) (Ae Insp 2 Wo [n> Th ane sna.) net anier now aa = NULSPUUN, SATIN EMULEL ASL EE ES), contig the li together with he long aes Leas. {this wap generate the stringy ning he al) 15.8.5: (or en to generate te sting ea in pall sch that w= rye = sry, apr, fr png 2 hy whe geealng 2 = Fe, in ont, Ry Aa the pmol, cont he eon of 8, cota he dvb ned core te eration ow ‘he mumberF inet Ue hao of hereon the poduton fom orense Tories pg id 123,45, cy. Wie wing Soe change Sida when podigy the mwtermial dove hol ‘hase hp Xs A a 9 2:1 OFX make MISTS (ie grate the pee of p00) 4 ody it ay a ah fe — ay foe taal aft ae el oe ae P (hi prt i ung po) (ya id) a 15:9 eX ake MI gi SS, Buona) sabe Wal eX seve ISTE S [ii ert ie suing #2) [oa Aa) of 5 Aah fo aa fn ed) ala ved fo oh P [iW ert i utiong go) [35 a aosd [8 Ay Aa oe MeN He, fe dates all Wieder een teics [ude tng eer we Rl eret [ave eset be ue 902) i Ast) 06 1, oe Ms a ae fo geand sale alee Taka Xa ae [ey Xa Bs] ~ les Bol forse IEAnEs a. we A eee Ne bit Samer {Weng =, he detonate 2 ode and ee eatin iio ler apr rode Tin eke sl te ‘ul’, wh nets hes ofthe ceaponing drains. Ta aay, rar yo ont single pb, whch nr. ‘hc when changing the ido in sot (Ny Aa) ot ” ‘rm th explanation aoe cn bee hn (7) = (46), and 0 cayenee 2 ‘After option ca be die by eating ew=Uew, where eu=1, oF eseunaze _o MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS 6 “The, Gromer pie G =A), whee V ea phat and ‘nie langge over V- The langage generated by 8 10) = ‘We dente by Xi the fly fu ang Por wearamtae = (Ve) we dnl te ity of Ay A) ad ‘eee iis ase of olny th al wa anges ner to exe 6. = a} foam, G0, (eV" lial £2) lay, 1463) = at (we base) fo all § 2 1) and 1G) 2 V" faut that sah 2 el, wn AG) rb 2 ad fake assay me hate ap 8) sangha tgs); ad Wece oats Hea) Tce obtain nagnge ot in X1 we wil we he loin cons ama 162 6 €.X1, then (0) Pro.‘ ebiewe ° ema 15.8. FL € FEC Vad tere are 2.92 VW 6 A teh lant age e Lene © hen 1 forall > Pr ly sad anne a1 af br SMES Trt 2 weno tht the sting are) Fe es caer Steet lange ome 15.9. X1,L= (ur, whe eel 21 the see ara cota! evwh he Se" fore 1 Prof Lat C= (YA) bea Grama atc ht 6) We dete c= mnie ee Ab or alle) € A we have |e © 6-< 2.6 ¢ 6-242 1 Ame that forme fw hae el © ad toe he Anges Cain A There Be ah tay © Le bat fads 90d Eley te tie daca iypattens mee pee a ee irc teal ‘Ae rect comogusncs fh ems fd hath Iago bate) ned ree te (o" [n2 0h se nt in Fame tat = 74 A me we Goa, ano Gus} tytn Wathen tome eth that Se or alla STate PuRrHER TOPICS (he eer and ech Site angnge fr wih hae ae 0a = in Lonchthn ftevriya) in Ne hee (0) = Dymo k= L1G) fo 6 = (ty ha suman of Lat 51a ion htm Site Scie agg wth htt tcp ating belong Yo he fay "The masa ao be ed in ode oan (gave) ae r= ‘Theorem 15:3, Tefal XI nt lvl war ano, satan, tro rare, morphs torent ear agua, compee Sh to sgh Bi os = 5) weban ab2 € XT bat Lala € ‘Contination: The guage L = (aah) tin Xba &(L) 1 bat LE aoa aah fb bh BW} dove ot dog tT {lokae,oob aes) ple ine CL) LL #0), Titene doer Lol Lorna). At UL) = L we hae Le XI. wet {aad rent i. Idec henakee L* nocae Gi"), Th {hcl ak) ome ete Loo 2 PAUL) BELL) ‘erin = (oat) an he smn deed yh) =H) ALE) = laren} we bie nce nde ohh, Thence wi par engage 1X bt te eee aga Compleat ‘The Inngege L = (oh | > 3} ie genet by G (of tf rbat Coan) the complement of Za nt 1 "ath pS or = faa] weave El) = Eb Su) = Pref Sufit} = (yaaa) ih stn ‘Tore 15.3. Arise comet mevre (ens on ont lennagee wn Pro. For m= 1 ete 2 rte by the Exe p= Ulajle" Sesa— I), o} md for 2 we conde agg oy, Aan) Mo). Hew late th eae (2) (Ean ee ie Toction F Eek pe ca ee (09 5 (Seton 75): Find and vestigate a ‘en in Seton FSappropente? Aer bnvng amcor MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS a igs gna by noel ania, we have weit in ero ‘Sin he mgt The the blanco beep a los (Seen 78: Fld ed ave a sprepa ace ins (Gove ty emo gromms Whot oa hoe Pr (Section 75) We baie ht tise amy a deed a he SoS Saco? cere nor eta ny frente [Gna tale fects came of ras ning te Chora {Mt Many poten appro Which nate rt of anaes Ticergtwa compen tol nod Hortense ambit Ste tanguge duno edhe (Are thee langage whi a Shogun renee cen od nage nother rete, My coated) Ps (Seton 7.8 We hve cojctee t ally ted intern cont {fa sna ithe pe sb wih oa) err eerste ‘conte guage If oon, he would py ht eh - ‘ue ert las langage mc repre poi (eu [elm ron hh tr (meaty) rac owe to ee Gjlyeal pari) fr tal eral emtesta rama Pa (Trem 7), ih fh ion nd oe i th orb incomparibie ny torpartie” Tie es eel ce ro. ‘ie bitte fre" o eral ome Uatenge ibe eo, iO (Chapter 8}. In view of thir hnguitie snes, te gramimate ‘rina ad's we of lectin dee ter veh ‘one. "Several prec ples canceiag the gree caps ‘hoe gman se exly famine fe Section 2 abd 92 oe ievakgme ip Figure 1 and 99) Ove ofthe mst tere ‘obi cate lator etre REC a paminrsmith ‘nial casio gba of loom Inc of the REG © HECHT) we (ma Ma), are expe, omic ofthe Ineeon REG © CCPH} pond in Lo 51, (Chnpe 0) Neshing chow abou prope of fie of anaes (Secrted by contexte! gamma wih minal x, epi, sie ee teleste (coeu,desaiy,diptnal compet, png. ms 1 ect #3) oral at ming so ie ong Ca be Itigune Af =(2e re (bh he ented yan inter eona (OPEN PROBLEMS AXD RESEARCH TOPICS roma with aa sectors ed in the main fol moe? The ‘Shower canbe Spt forthe dnt betwee nl and no ‘nae angunge taeda Tale 9.2 IL (Sein 101) Compre: extemal cota ganar wth eed ‘Sole greats har nagtage omc of Lema 8) PLL (Seton 102): Can the repremtaton of RE_ langues in Th feo 105 be sapien by ling © NICC(HEC) taten! of D'eUsccte) Whar shut nite scion? Wednow that there ae ‘ened tral otal grammars fit eer wee tan ‘hci fo ngage fetes lange fy AT the "Srgge Lg) fm the post of tient io Thane 104 (7) on HAT bene ily eda netoton with eae iri iain a el eg PIB Gti 104): Conjetere: aera contra gracmite with aie etre sa ltt sr msimaly fist dein rotate omen fee Teagan Rae eal) poem oa proved oe Iecmpariein Seti 1D4 oe emp ow the nin Totem win) P18 (Section 105): 1 hghly coca that our bra tele paral manner when roduc psc in a atu langage. ‘Moe rte ots os puto werk equi one ‘ttn finda tine Th pra reas cote at ‘ined fre iavtgaton Gere! paes nse vata rato faeces we ere mabe of roe: {lomo et a tain op, or hmber of preucione (Crseseraltepenenin cul be Bde i {ha way nate io} ‘Spee posems: Dae be yp odin nace erry one ‘ovo nl intra ost langue (Len 8)? Wt ge ‘Tosi cmmputa oe taal ranasinghe? {hrom'thsren 10.19 we haw thet tie ot the ene fe ames fierce) What boat the eve of determine roe? {These the pate ne eet in Section 103 LF (Sutin 1) esate arte deta he a of ngage {ned in tbe ced ye Then enraged th da ngage PI (Section 1.7): One dr not know whether oo ach els Ig te gered ycoteatal iar th fit ofa he at rcotas wane date drei (Note tat en nt le th ob: Lemma 1021 ple Lem 18) MANCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMBLAKS as Sin one dre wot oom wher ts ene lagu Sb patel ty ens rsa with sees contest it Se ore ic ng ets Sains 119 a0), Coe gna wi an init net ‘ton tt he ember ef on (hay payors) ‘inte? Cone ao ganas witha nie tf eaters ro oy pasta a oie a the bepsing et Seton 2010 (a a sot Sy sh a apt, ol en 20 (Seto 1.8, lnvtgt ter the ace ad be eked Jeet costal grammar eed in Seton 13, Cone al sch iranian where detion, Wht sot ter uae rating {helintpay ef sclaton mapping 6 ew? Wht about simples ‘santas, oedema ia 11 (Chapter 12), Cosi tsa gross ih thr 9 lo {itor the mapped td ta pate, ‘te nut teal pam tobe wee acne Ca Igeiing oe lt osc ti mela pe ‘sete ena ye fo the teed. ‘Fina ean ne tng prints eo {ie ber fps x pylon he eked me sole mae rein te) 22 (Section 1.2 fepov the od 7 Ths 145 adit allie {orpove hai optonl- mich nts ry lab pat) 23 (Seton 13, vig farther ce gramme ton wih contest ‘Sopot, Soe pei role solo n Sorina 183, bt ‘Sta geal qwtoe ae sa of ae, Wit abut iverton sa {borane Whar show PC grmiaespatene womens by ‘mma he seu ino ten cach conponntsende ‘tel roy tes cermpemst ut he eigenen ‘Scot mem ns i type nea flere thie ab soe {othe WAVE puri in pra ompeting ee 0) 2 (Section 154); The conan einen roles gate ond ENA/INA cpertione a wrk imegaing a Spe Sel The ‘Sola gee opratone ty man of promotor an nor oof onestel ope Conentdepndem iron a deine operate “ovals pment te) for DNA nd RNA wou. The ‘Shs! prema pr a bth ave am ena sl ths siete provides tnt ground fr mtr com. ‘ey ede hein Thee 83,108, 14S and 8 canws (OPEN PROBLEMS AND RESEARCH TOPICS 2 son m poate xs fel compute” based ce dling operations we th pot jut fal ope 25 The cotta games ake tf the fondant igi pho ‘sno freon, ih see sly of te ‘morhlogy natural tanga (engin Chapter an’ a the re {ions seed the) vet ight he the QO (in fc, MP6, whee MP = tape”); What ole? Bibliography (04 Ate add gna ike He i th 1 Aleve mae Komen, Sai boo, 1 (89), 3 (1, Amar. Pla, Ox «fd of Un gam, Jfrm. Co T tee ti (9D, Angi Finding pte common tf i, 1 Compe Sten Si anh ae (1. Metin M. ate, E Shani, On foal ets af sine pose ‘psig nme, Falni fr Hc yeh od Kama td ajormaton (Hae Hl Addr osm Lig 32 087) kM ns stn, Re. (047, Baas, M. Gage, Gh. Pan The vf plow fe Seat sem nr Coupe has tise, Se 10 Y- Bony, Otay ramm, Nane Teno rma Seats ea {1 ees, 8: BF ned erm, ow 7 13 ACen SC ahi. andi, QR IFO atom Set amma i ser i, Conn} (0M Chaat, Thue mae fr te dp ness RE rs rm ‘Thy (ig iss sisLiocnaray 19) §. Cham, Sic Sates Menta, The Hoa. 857 1M] N. Chem, On catia femal pope of rman, for. Cone 1 Goin a (10.0 thesgatcscomety Cabhchor eaten 1 Gos Lan The spt a) 11) A Cor Satay Cone gramme Ges, J. Compr Som Sachi, seo (BC Te Con Ec of on Cate Ui, Po De, Cava, 2 Dus, On cgertig died gar oon, J Indrm Prc’ yes Fike (th ha (1 Guha Var 3, Bos, Keenes, he Phan, Gruman & Ein ao Bere i arn a ad somminlcson, Comptes amd AL 18,9 (108) a8 090 (9) KGa Nay mam ad he Sc of maple gg ohana 63 Gh oi (eK Cath IL tag St Arg Mh 3 (1) at [os ©" aty The compet of he eats of Dhar, Eins ond Pi ‘opin ashe (211 Damo, On cate gums os fai Comper Mat, (os ee 1a. Dan, SMe, Gh aan are mang sume ak “Mac iad Pei Wak Hagen 2 ye (294. Dati, Mia, The dep peti i net grams wih ‘Sete onpeee tg i Iaars C Maenael pe ‘urgnn He (Mantis) eho Benny eae 4, am, Pan ged ting Lng Dy [oa Ch, Pin, Reet, Cromer en, he in eb 2 inte [BD Dow, Pn Salas, Cran ith ole erin ch erin it ae (1 Dota, Th Senay rma gy i Rain, Balen ‘tye Proenue Mange Poneia SR Ta 1B) 1 Dobra, Mahnatal mate naga 2) Motus Posen a (04 § amie, Gh hn, Sles, Lanne nil oe nd net a ater, oo ha eh ef ae MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS @ 01 ht 2 a Rae event A: Soman, a), Wo bl, Siagapre 10D 357 oh 1 AS ts 0 Fi ern ln Ohne see ns Pf) he Po Hoe tN oe (A. A. Ch. Pan: Rog A som ‘xine RE no brome atl ete ne te er et 2 (6 ‘Sumi athena! Apc of Nato od anal leaps, Pa ‘wt St Pt Sap 1b 4. Pace, Ch Pan, Ree The ce tna ‘Seta naa ete ration 6 (900 0 (01 A, Bhat Gh Pe 6 Reea, On rep mere exe ‘hl gar yin comet grag, Teva Cont Se, ium (0) 8 Even Gh. Pie, Rete, Cannon eas ad a gris Cape wl aah [6] AW. lp On the netic of asic mar Al caf te AM, San) (0) Fen, LK Gh Phe, DNA rpg ad on lg: eesece icmp, Tein prt 65/6 i {tn mat Spcen hh Wee) Tr (ator, Seam amma Ri) ot gt et 10 Gad. Pale, Company rat open of etal a ‘vgs a tt gma, New Gens Comps 3 se (1G. Gasp, tate hari ome yp of oer agg Mei fre nd Fata in a 1 6 ay Te ey aaa Moc Vi he Bejan, Antara ytd 1 Gh Pe Mahan Ty Cont ean Mee (5. Gt an and ert Pe Ppt of oa L(695A Gch, The ada fame Gr inna Ker amma ifr: Cn (06) 1 153) TRG Gre, Theat fg Toe prime ih alesis we of Yt Zn an ee ear 1) I one. Sonicare os Pa Tb 1} myn att ot (ise See [54 1. Gata, Daca phy of ener langage, Po. Math at’ Campa Co thr eB 8 1°1¥ Gem, Kaan etn enti (11 es toh at i nr ei, ee (02.5 Har, Mets Sra Lng Ching Uni am (Maron, Foal Ln Tey Aton key, Re ar rami, Inform, Cnt 7 1) Da ato, Pete atl Ne ny ma em sma te ypc ie a (211M Rr hain seine Pt Pst Cnpte 18 (6) 7 eat, Pom tne hry and DNA ali afte rine ce hie ian ha, hat gn 107 tO au, Pon Lana ey a magn Ge Sea see A HE citi Se Fi Sr (11 Hagia soo (3 None. Ue ang oe el 10138 Noo 0, Sayin Atma Tyla 1 Pe, a ae oe a sor ALP, Lt haw Comput St (Al, Sa Spence Bt ost (2) 0th, Simple mac agg, frm, Cont (00, 389-2, (4 Me, content roar with pul deri, Mathemott ‘ee of Star ont Forma Langu (he Pam a) Wa Pe Sasa tae sn li au cate. nga git ng 1 MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS se [tie tay intend ctr gu ner Co on Me ‘ima Cay Trages (Man Vle oe Bajie (79) Le, A nneiingtge eed an wel cnt am si he on Ue ttm ee 1h [9 Le On ampraonal compet often agg, Thre Com pate So Ga et A ti, Some a cane (ene 1 i On he ompataina campey of Marc el con a {stom Pandan Informatie 19 10S ar pte abut cose pma with ca, Ste. Ci Me te of is (7S, Camera! an [eA ed pit appa Pe Ap 8 (10 6 eh 1G ae Ona oe bot arn conte agg, Ball Mat Sa Sadat omen 4 0H 38 1) Mo ert Togs Ling Th Ap 1 (17), 7 ngage, Balein of i EATS 2 (01 gene ae MP, Anny fats, Pro Math. ‘back om hia rp Sg, et (0) Pte Fd M. Pe MP gl On ein ten SEE A Salome), MoS a Sig 96 ETT (Pact Pak Poh 3. Vg eign wih eta prt oes ray Furl toot Lange, od ‘Snr ak (04 Jnr, ra, Me Pee Roaring atonat Tec Report oa, ich Sater Ua onto Pe ound. Contog By bt ie ts, pn Ye, Bra ee al Tenee Poser D Bow al fe) Combe Ue ra, Now Ya oS. 16) 4. Jah a ucon to ee aig wry Mates of amma Hae) oe Bee, Nea, Pi(07 AK nh 1. ey Thai Tan arma, J, Comer Spee, (a). ae 1 Ku min an iia ns PB, he ae Dob Kc AL Matoce, Ch Pha, A Sabi O para dice sid alt, sce ns = (0 Ne Lave, Thane, A charton oily enema a ‘ou ta foi 0) 19) (6) A Mantra, Cong tral lagen ed ue aman gt es or oy. Lepats (6A Manse Ramer, Dee eal agg, Lng ed Prony 10.3 er ae 1) A Manner Rams, Capay copy cman, Anal of Mth nd ieee nse 106) A Mantra, Une din of memati Ung, 3 Co Pet dengue straits Ser 8 (arid Sine . (09M Mach, tm Repel Gln sniattl gunman, A [$A pir Anaad Pe Ho Fon spe, Consol amma, arn Co 0 Comps! iat, eUiNE Pi to HAT Roma Gyre nga vary, oe (i Marca, De Sag (i) 10 ta, mati mshi ep Tike te "ade Ramin dar eT Pl eo he ya ew Raum, Math Parcs Ap 8 (180 ve de amma li, Cb Lig Th 1S. The Mtemati Pain Th Palanan Aede 10) Ms gai tr ed ni Ph 1 Ma) a arte in nh, Pas nde {a (Sa in Nt an een 0 Naame {te eS {0 § a vie PC pana pre na aaa eer ay as Src 1 3 Ma Ma il Pt Ont ct ana ih pet cots ae Ss Oa $i, Mv, F.C eam mms Ee Hey pla PEC Ye SN ea ee tu ta, ae 3 ie oh PC sar ects 0 aan ei Mino, n,n amma wi Kast giige ronment 18) sai. ie Vs, PCs wo tate, (6) Mane Via. Mie are, Phe, Toe comet eamare ‘a Rt oa en (0m aad inn Gh Phe, AS, Aen de ‘eth ga inl ont neg rm: Go) ie: ‘SAGE, Fann (Mt) hn Bas 8) CAV Pan, Srl conta amma, Gomer 8 Gs 119): Pla, A San A sharin af ato sts mci ns Pr Cptva ietiocRaray Raber, Copring grammar eres, Fs. Mat ag ea NaC Spas a, Ba Ua) Malte Salome, Langage bn ec igen, Inv Compe ta 18. Msn Gh, Phen, Rate, A. Sma, Coating ge by ‘ane A spec Tak Cot for Enter Sos Reet cee (ie, The mage ahr 7 Som nie ont nsf pening Iiemain Peso Hoses an seh 9 [hm 1. Mg ne, tty trad mal eggs Prs of FC retro Pra ape Tn 8 aia is (mV. tan, Cetatat Sa'Pit Shape oe cual [tm Viena, Conta mn and dln in that igi ed edt Fnc i Pn Te Pa Bow te anus Ney 1) Fi Ph, Pb: eng somata ith ett pation ‘bic gay ne fa Cha Os Bt {on Rb, he Erma, Pe Sa Mah ig 2 (1 10), Oe e mei ema, ow, Mal Pa 25 (196, 1388 — 408. a Conn Rann aaah se ame a ho Oe fool 2880) TL Ta 1] XM Nn, On Crt of Cal mary, PAD The [tg Rene, Ch Ph, Oh rmrivcrsyrcetsn ras, Bal Mo Se Ma Ramo) 3) aE [1m XA Spm Gh Pm On he etic of ene schemata ina an hm Br Inform nd Aten 1 1 P2 ia 8 (0H Noma Keon, Fann tn th pl gem nt. omg Mah 2 (in) 302 (ML Monty, On de cnet ray Co, Ling. Th Ay 1 (say ae [a Ment ath ard cnet nas cnet, fe Bem ah Poe py 6970 8 [00M Nerot On some at cnet rm, fe on, ah Pow ft 2 [aM Ney Ctatol gamit nea, Math Je not ye 1M. Nota, Ose tin of ama Sr ear ag, nn 2 Compa Ma an 6 14 Ne Legumes of At, ogy of Mat, Mee, The Ns CM Papas, Cpt Coty Aly, Being (0) BP Ae Mee Ea Mil agin {6} Gh a, On cal gma, Sd Ci Ma, 26 (8 1 - [ts Gh, Pt, On he capes contol rms vih hi, Stnd oe, Siem (os) ks 110] Gh Paw, A ee lf etn Set (999 31 ~ (9) Oh Pte, anes ocd es rami ak, Lng. Al 38 tiie, we 1st Gh, Phas, Cone amas lh tein deal, ae Roe Noi Pos tp 2t ste 150 tit (eee mn) he Mien a) ss Tinie erchie d y bchig ranma, ere Sotho a Ph, rl ing ode action pts, At Smite, 2179), 17h, Pi, Mac’ tne and gg Aa ee Mea Pier Ap 0). ah 18) Gh. Pan, On» tron sean of aga Bal Math SS Me tees, Sr Bo 4 sg i) oy(mG Pan Gari Mecano fr Sm Ernie Prey, The Tea ‘stat Hone, But in Roman (20) Gh Pa, Cota rar Th Pa Home Ramin Aedes, ‘arc 19 Romano 1 a) [06 Gh Pan, Modaig seal pac by me of Samal ranma 3 ‘ey fot he mes fo Mah, [a Gh PaO senna graminy, Bl Nath Sze So No osm Stee (ae [i Gh Pin, Two harem tt Gatcon ence ange, Ae sett a eo 6m Sed cot gman nd I § (068) 6, Pl, Ox ome pn pla Mat cnet angst Pompe at, 9 (Gh Pen, eda aa panma, Ram in 3380, (oT Ga an, On Neds ranma, Bl Math SiS Mah, main Stig ns be 1) hPa, em hei oy farce [ie Ob, Pau, ace omen! rim Ale 8 sam, of BATES Sasa 7) Gh: Phen, Seng cane rfl gue than, Blin of res 3 (hosed (21 G4 Phn, Genating gigs in tbat may: Gra tens, (ach Pon, Prt commenting patna sens Aare, Pr 1 Com ss 1), ra, cpm mi ph a nk ‘Say de), Sierra, Bo, 85 0 114) Gk, Ptn, Ox the ing option, inert Ap Math (108,521 15) Ch, Pl, Rega exe H tens cmp wel J ‘cai Fonnpes omit (he lat Gh Pan 3M. MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS 166 tient dean Moths Apes of ot! Frat gs (Pues dS Pa agape 104 38 [isch Pun, atny A Snes Cima endo ele operon, Siar Compete Hoes eat (te Ga aac Rehr, AS, Cane rams algo dat sc ie 8 (18) (tn Gk Pan, Rate, Sta, Coto ean: ermine de rien wth can, om Mah Poe Ap [ia Gh, Pain GR, A Soman, Pan gamma, Asma Lae thay Combinr 180) 339-98 1m Sanh na ne Dr A ah 19 Gh Pn Snes Fain rt gamma Lape, ater Snel ita 18 Pn Ss, San Ane Ma Meh Fa [#7] Oh. Pins, A. Salman, DNA pts bc he lig operation, Moth Som 3 a) ea 19 Pan Sma, Ra coun em. ee ind cert mal waaay, inom ry a tig, hae (19) Pantone Onc ona 5 a= fe) Patan Rag pg aug, Dente Ap Ma (0), Ci Ava et salle ti a ea [ia] PM. Ps Some yc evn Ma, Thais Y Un oe bP, Laon of pt stent ana: eg th ney of Fagg kPa, Rae cas Pletal Faget Cab eu tt =a [1816-8 Patm On tr noat se show that Ea at «CFL mpaoad foyuis 0 Gah ete (GPa, Gand, Rater engaged at ee gage, Ln [pate on Bboy (0) 1 (pens Bo ead ni TTwe ‘ipuioceapny Od Phy (08) WC: Ram Annee met J ma, Fig atl gg ‘swe al img ery Mamas of nuns (Naor iter Ste Reps, Asem Pin 9 La Genter, aon, The Mant! Theo Spt, Ace on A. Soma (oe), The Hadas of Forma anna, 3 to igre, Boa ei. [am A Stan, Tro ta Pun Prt, Ona 96 a} A San Fama! angen hee Pr Hw Yo Laem 19 oo} "Sona se Wo 8. Pui Saape, Woe 207 (a 1 Sh, Wy tg ay oe hat nag Soo on at an [om 1 Ste, uh W Man, Sa Neh ol), Th Formal Com esti Nts Engng, Kon, Drs a ay [Bo 5: hiker, Eee pt he cnteten strange, ie Suna Po, 38 (20 BB K Shao 2, Tepe, Pa Ipoh MC ho opr gn (8H) NA Shun 8, Pale, Te Hpi of Spe Rene [aa] CS, Simonet! emma: an empl, Bll Ma So. Sot ans 20 Ca P| 1 4 Sie, Okan mel ap ay Sa. pre [a Ta, Eanae atte rata, Kc, Pa 958 [is] Paraben, On cantante angst Sti agin ne Me ‘lod ton Watts Arsen Sf 0) (a) T Avan Di, Tot nf Contr Ace Pry Lndon, Hen Yok, 297 [at] WA. Helen Cane wn Oder rt Frmaton ten Merphly ‘Spe ans) dip Amen Ane Car ab [al Slr, Two tens att Macaca gg Bal at So Se. Moh Romance 53) (80) 107 [MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS a (Yn Dm, On hein i ana ee, el nutes nd ted Fp Pao) Te Pee ose [atl © ew, Hab, Brg, Cranial een a feos Th (0 inte” on Campa ings COL Erpebarn gcd) ot tT (Teen anna es a (2 at rar Rs cin et Nt Cpt + treyo SUBJECT INDEX =" : | ‘ge 2,97 19,350 | | Micon comet ot ended agence) pe 8 ‘Shunt rama: ‘hoy Hea 1 1 18 4 78.2, 2 ‘hana Shee ne 21 ‘Smeaton by om 83 ‘Smet wef Sorina cml #295‘Spry seb (2) genase 318 See eons epee 120,224,286, 207 (hore a pram, somite Poly. 2,7, 10,294 30 ‘ern ic ET te 38 MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS ma eto pus mrnare of dseptonal complexity: #296 ‘See atime geno GA) poper Te ian ‘tina ude op (3) pope: 9,18, 364 ince mt a8 Language 1 yym sumsecr INDEX tethincrenie ranma 10 Stet hag 208 lg a a SNL Eider efactee ere bu et ey 2,75, 38 SpE ceo ‘Simla ora oa ies ‘onvonny nce a tl psd ae Oe ene: 8 (Briere rama 10 Sr le gre 929,16 08 0,118,828 2 "ura 8, 21208 ‘Say cornices ana 18 trig snomon "mm sumrecr mex MARCUS CONTEXTUAL GRAMMARS. mm pp | | | | imple srcared sting 12 aan a a 2 ‘pe pe of tn wi etry: 30 | ‘gamit aay aa: 200 (rac 36 5,148‘Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy iat unin. 174 1seN9027 1. soz 1035 105 Capa Fm of Lope, A ed Tay ner gut tope ‘Soho smouase reasoned ‘So Me ne 197 Bansoaranb Cesar an Sm i Female at Pagar ra 5 EES, cam hrtel Sete ayo ey Ha, 4 Po ar To Soe pi Pring 1. 2.8 Dewy, Wd Maa on Moen GrnmrThe on eV Tos Ge Sm ep: P9027 10080 AEBS Te Ss EAN I SF 9O7 1012 * aati oa ee MO gaara sa ERS ten hich yr ery ora 1 BIR-boeyR Wall nes: ro Moe a 188 ta Ee ct Ante iin Cone 1 a WL es, Dm no, er - SBN 9027-12460, Fe: 9027-12810 1 Fda 6. 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