MySQL Basics I

Sang Shin http://www.javapassion.com Learning is fun!

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Topics
What is MySQL? Installation of MySQL server mysql command-line client SQL basics
> > > > >

Concept & terminology Databases, tables, fields Insert/Update/Delete Retrieving records through SELECT Arithmetic operations

Read and execute SQL script file

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What is MySQL?

What is MySQL?
Most popular open source database
> High performance > High reliability > Ease of use

Runs many of the world's most demanding websites

> Yahoo, Google, YouTube, ...

M of LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) stack Runs on all possible OS platforms
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MySQL Products
MySQL community server
> Free

MySQL Enterprise
> Commercial > Enterprise features - monitoring

MySQL Cluster
> Provides fault tolerance

MySQL embedded database

> Embedded in small devices

MySQL Workbench
> GUI tool
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Installation of MySQL Server

MySQL Server
mysqld is a runnable program which represents MySQL database server

Installation Options
Windows
> MySQL database server can be installed either

runnable program or Windows service

Other platforms (Linux, MacOS, OpenSolaris)

> As part of LAMP stack or > Independently as runnable program

mysql Command-line Client

What is mysql command-line client?

Comes with MySQL package Connects to the running MySQL database server when run Can be run either in interactive mode or non-interactive mode When run in interactive mode, it provides a shell in which SQL commands can be executed Can be run with many options
> mysql --help
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SQL Basics: Concept & Terminology

What is SQL?
SQL is language for retrieving and manipulating data in a relational database
> Data definition > Data manipulation > Data control

Open standard - ANSI

> Vendor implementations add vendor-specific

features, however

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SQL Terminology
Table
> A set of rows > Analogous to a file

Row
> Analogous to a record of a file

Column
> A column is analogous to a field of a record > Each column in a given row has a single value

Primary Key
> One of more columns whose contents are unique

within a table and thus can be used to identify a row of that table 13

Types of SQL Statements

DDL (Data Definition Language)
> Used to build and modify the structure of your

tables and other objects in the database > Examples: CREATE TABLE, ALTER TABLE, DROP TABLE, CREATE VIEW, ...

DML (Data Manipulation Language)

> Used to work with the data in tables > INSERT INTO, UPDATE, DELETE

DCL (Data Control Language)

> Used to control access rights > GRANT, REVOKE
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SQL Basics: Databases

Creating a database
mysql> CREATE DATABASE mydb; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

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Setting a default database

mysql> USE mydb; Database changed

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Dropping Databases
mysql> DROP DATABASE temp_db; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS temp_db; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> SHOW DATABASES; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mydb | | mysql | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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SQL Basics: Tables

Creating a Table
mysql> CREATE TABLE person ( -> person_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL, -> first_name VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL, -> last_name VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL, -> PRIMARY KEY (person_id) -> ) ENGINE=InnoDB; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec) mysql> SHOW TABLES; +----------------+ | Tables_in_mydb | +----------------+ | person | +----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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Altering table name (Two options)

mysql> ALTER TABLE person rename to person1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec) mysql> SHOW TABLES; +----------------------+ | Tables_in_mydb | +----------------------+ | person1 | +----------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> RENAME TABLE person1 TO whatever; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) mysql> SHOW TABLES; +----------------------+ | Tables_in_mydb | +----------------------+ | whatever | +----------------------+

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Altering field name and type

mysql> ALTER TABLE person CHANGE last_name surname varchar(30); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.62 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> DESCRIBE person; +------------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +------------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | person_id | smallint(5) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | | first_name | varchar(45) | NO | | NULL | | | surname | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | | +------------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

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Adding or removing fields

mysql> ALTER TABLE person ADD age smallint(3) unsigned not null; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.42 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> DESCRIBE person; +------------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +------------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | person_id | smallint(5) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | | first_name | varchar(45) | NO | | NULL | | | surname | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | | | age | smallint(3) unsigned | NO | | NULL | | +------------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 4 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql> ALTER TABLE person DROP first_name; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.25 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

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Dropping Tables
mysql> SHOW TABLES; +-------------------+ | Tables_in_temp_db | +-------------------+ | temp_table | +-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> DROP TABLE temp_table; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec) mysql> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS temp_table; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.12 sec) mysql> SHOW TABLES; Empty set (0.00 sec)
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Working with tables from Multiple Databases

mysql> SELECT * FROM temp_db.temp_table; +---------+---------------------+ | temp_id | temp_whatever | +---------+---------------------+ | 1 | life is good | | 2 | life is even better | +---------+---------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> SELECT * FROM mydb.student; +------------+------------+-----------+-----+-------+ | student_id | first_name | last_name | age | grade | +------------+------------+-----------+-----+-------+ | 1 | yuna | kim | 19 | 4 | | 2 | kelly | jones | 22 | 5 | +------------+------------+-----------+-----+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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SQL Basics: Fields

Field Definitions
Each field has
> Field name > Data type > Field modifier or constraint

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Field Data types - Integers

TINYINT
> 1 byte, -128 to 127 (signed), 0 to 255 (unsigned)

SMALLINT
> 2 bytes, -32768 to 32767 (signed), 0 to 65535

(unsigned)

MEDIUMINT
> 3 bytes

INT
> 4 bytes

BIGINT
> 8 bytes
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Field Data types

FLOAT
> single precision floating-point value

DOUBLE
> double precision floating-point value

DECIMAL
> decimal values

BIT
> bit value > b'0101'

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Field Data Types

CHAR
> Fixed length strings up to 255 characters

VARCHAR
> Variable length strings up to 255 characters

DATE, TIME, YEAR DATETIME, TIMESTAMP ENUM, SET

> Predefined set of values

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Field Modifiers
NULL or NOT NULL
> Indicates if the field can be null or not

DEFAULT
> Assigns default value if no value is specified

when a new record is inserted

AUTO_INCREMENT
> MySQL automatically generates a number (by

incrementing the previous value by 1) > Used for creating primary key

CHARACTER SET
> Specifies the character set for string values
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SQL Basics: INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE

INSERT'ing a single record

mysql> INSERT INTO person (person_id, first_name, last_name, age) -> VALUES (1, 'sang', 'shin', 88); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.10 sec) mysql> SELECT * FROM person; +-----------+------------+-----------+-----+ | person_id | first_name | last_name | age | +-----------+------------+-----------+-----+ | 1 | sang | shin | 88 | +-----------+------------+-----------+-----+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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INSERT'ing multiple records

mysql> INSERT INTO person (person_id, first_name, last_name, age) -> VALUES -> (2, 'kelly', 'jones', 22), -> (3, 'jack', 'kennedy', 56), -> (4, 'paul', 'kennedy', 34), -> (5, 'daniel', 'song', 24), -> (6, 'nichole', 'scott', 9); Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.05 sec) Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

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Deleting recored(s)
mysql> DELETE FROM person WHERE age < 10; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.07 sec)

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Updating record(s)
mysql> UPDATE person SET age = 88 -> WHERE age = 99 OR first_name = 'paul'; Query OK, 1 row affected, 2 warnings (0.04 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 2 mysql> SELECT * FROM person; +-----------+------------+-----------+-----+ | person_id | first_name | last_name | age | +-----------+------------+-----------+-----+ | 1 | sang | shin | 88 | | 2 | kelly | jones | 22 | | 3 | jack | kennedy | 56 | | 4 | paul | kennedy | 88 | +-----------+------------+-----------+-----+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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SQL Basics: SELECT

Retrieving some fields selectively

mysql> SELECT last_name, age FROM person; +-----------+-----+ | last_name | age | +-----------+-----+ | shin | 88 | | jones | 22 | | kennedy | 56 | | kennedy | 34 | | song | 24 | +-----------+-----+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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Retrieving with WHERE clause

mysql> SELECT first_name, age FROM person -> WHERE age > 50; +------------+-----+ | first_name | age | +------------+-----+ | sang | 88 | | jack | 56 | +------------+-----+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> SELECT first_name, last_name, age FROM person -> WHERE age < 50 AND first_name LIKE '%niel'; +------------+-----------+-----+ | first_name | last_name | age | +------------+-----------+-----+ | daniel | song | 24 | +------------+-----------+-----+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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Retrieving records in order

mysql> SELECT last_name, age FROM person -> ORDER BY age ASC; +-----------+-----+ | last_name | age | +-----------+-----+ | jones | 22 | | song | 24 | | kennedy | 34 | | kennedy | 56 | | shin | 88 | +-----------+-----+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> SELECT * FROM person -> ORDER BY age DESC; +-----------+------------+-----------+-----+ | person_id | first_name | last_name | age | +-----------+------------+-----------+-----+ | 1 | sang | shin | 88 | | 3 | jack | kennedy | 56 | | 4 | paul | kennedy | 34 | | 5 | daniel | song | 24 |

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Retrieving limited number of records

mysql> SELECT * from person -> ORDER BY age DESC -> LIMIT 3; +-----------+------------+-----------+-----+ | person_id | first_name | last_name | age | +-----------+------------+-----------+-----+ | 1 | sang | shin | 88 | | 3 | jack | kennedy | 56 | | 4 | paul | kennedy | 34 | +-----------+------------+-----------+-----+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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Basic SQL Commands: Arithmetic Functions

Arithmetic operations
mysql> SELECT 3 + 6; +-------+ |3+6| +-------+ | 9| +-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> SELECT 45 * (1+2); +------------+ | 45 * (1+2) | +------------+ | 135 | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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COUNT, AVG, SUM

mysql> SELECT COUNT(age) FROM person; +------------+ | COUNT(age) | +------------+ | 5| +------------+ 1 row in set (0.04 sec) mysql> SELECT AVG(age) from person; +----------+ | AVG(age) | +----------+ | 44.8000 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> SELECT SUM(age) FROM person; +----------+ | SUM(age) | +----------+ | 224 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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MIN, MAX
mysql> SELECT MIN(age) FROM person; +----------+ | MIN(age) | +----------+ | 22 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> SELECT MAX(age) FROM person; +----------+ | MAX(age) | +----------+ | 88 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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Reading and Executing SQL Script File

Read and execute a SQL script file

mysql> SOURCE c:/tmp/student.sql Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)

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Thank you!

Sang Shin http://www.javapassion.com Learning is fun!

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