1.

(b)

(a)

CD = OD OC
(C1)

OA =

1
CD
2

(A1)

1
(OD OC )
= 2
(C1)

(c)

(A1)

AD = OD OA
1
OD (OD OC )
2
=
1
1
OD + OC
2
= 2
(C2)
Note: Deduct [1 mark] (once only) if appropriate vector
notation is omitted.

(A1)
(A1)

[4]

u
= i + 2 j
(a)

u + 2v = 5i + 12 j

2.

(b)

v = 3i + 5 j
(A1)

(C1)

u + 2v = 52 + 122
= 13

(A1)

26
w=
(5i + 12 j )
13
Vector

= 10i + 24 j (A1)

(A1)
(C3)
[4]

3.

(a)

OA

=6

OB

=6

OC =
11
= 25 + 11
=6
C is on the circle.

A is on the circle

B is on the circle.

(A1)
(A1)

(A1) 3

(b)

AC = OC OA
5 6

= 11 0
1

= 11
(A1)

(c)

AO AC
cos OA C =
AO AC

(M1)
2

(M1)

6 1
.

0 11
= 6 1 + 11
6
= 6 12
(A1)
1
3
=
6
= 2 3
6 2 + ( 12 ) 2 6 2
cos OA C =
2 6 12
OR
1

12 as before

(A1)

(M1)(A1)
(A1)

OR using the triangle formed by AC and its horizontal and

vertical components:
AC = 12

cos OA C =

(A1)
1

12
3
Note: The answer is 0.289 to 3 sf

(M1)(A1)

(d)

A number of possible methods here

BC = OC OB
5 6

11 0

=
=

(A1)

11

11

(A1)
BC = 132
1
132 12
ABC =2
= 6 11

(A1)

OR ABC has base AB = 12

and height = 11
1
12 11
area = 2
= 6 11

OR Given

(A1)
(A1)
(A1)

(A1)

cos BA C =

3
6

33
1
33
sin BA C =
ABC = 12 12
6
2
6

= 6 11

(A1)

(A1)

(A1)(A1)(A1)
4
[12]

10
OB =
5
(a)
(C1)
3
AC =
6 (A1)

4.

(b)

OB AC = (10 (3)) + (5 6) = 0
Angle = 90 (A1)

(A1)

(C1)

(M1)
(C2)
[4]

5.

u + v = 4i + 3j
Then a(4i + 3j) =8i + (b 2)j
4a =
8
3a =
b 2 (A1)
Whence
a= 2
b=
8 (A1)

(A1)

(A1) (C2)
(C2)
[4]

6.

3 1

Required vector will be parallel to 1 4
4

= 5
1 4
+ t
Hence required equation is r = 4 5

(M1)
(A1)
(A1)(A1) (C4)

3 4
+ s
Note: Accept alternative answers, eg 1 5 .
[4]

18

24 = 30 km h1
(a)
36

= 36 2 + (16) 2

16

= 39.4(A1) 2

7.

(b)

(i)
9

12 and
(ii)

(A1)

After hour, position vectors are

18

8 (A1)(A1)

At 6.30 am, vector joining their positions is

9 18 9
9
=

12 8 20 (or 20 )
9

20
=

(M1)

(M1)

481 (= 21.9 km to 3 sf)

5

(A1)

(c)

(d)

(e)

18

The Toyundai must continue until its position vector is k
18

Clearly k = 24, ie position vector 24 .
To reach this position, it must travel for 1 hour in total.
Hence the crew starts work at 7.00 am
4

(M1)
(A1)
(A1)
(A1)

Southern (Chryssault) crew lays 800 5 = 4000 m

Northern (Toyundai) crew lays 800 4.5 = 3600 m
Total by 11.30 am = 7.6 km

(A1)
(A1)

Their starting points were 24 (8) = 32 km apart

Hence they are now 32 7.6 = 24.4 km apart
4

(A1)
(A1)

Position vector of Northern crew at 11.30 am is

18 18

24 3.6 20.4

(M1)(A1)

18

20.4
Distance to base camp =
(A1)
= 27.2 km
27.2
Time to cover this distance = 30 60
= 54.4 minutes
= 54 minutes (to the nearest minute)
5

(A1)
(A1)
[20]

8.

Vector equation of a line r = a + t

0
2


a = 0 , t = 3
r = (2i + 3j)

(M1)
(M1)(M1)
(A1) (C4)
[4]

9.

(a)
y
4

3
2
1

A
(A3)

(C3)
Note: Award (A1) for B at (5, 1); (A1) for BC perpendicular to
AB; (A1) for AC parallel to the y-axis.

(b)

OC =
3.25
(C1)
Note: Accept correct readings from diagram (allow 0.1).

(A1)

[4]

10.

(a)

16 12
12 + t 5

r1 =
16

t = 0 r1 = 12 (M1)
| r1| =

(ii)

(i)

(16 2 + 12 2 )

= 20

(A1)

12

Velocity vector = 5

speed =

(12 2 + ( 5) 2 )
= 13

(M1)
(A1)

(b)

x 16 12
y = 12 + t 5

5 x 5 6 5 12
12 . y = 12 . 12 + 12 . t 5

5x + 12y = 80 + 144
5x + 12y = 224

(M1)
(A1)
(A1)(AG)

OR

x 16 y 12
=
12
5
5x 80 = 144 12y
5x + 12y = 224

(M1)
(A1)
(A1)(AG)

OR

12 y
x = 16 + 12t, y = 12 5t t = 5
12 y

x = 16 + 12 5
5x = 80 + 144 12 y
5x + 12y = 224
3

(c)

12
2.5
5

v1 = v2 = 6
12 2.5
.
v1.v2 = 5 6

= 30 30
v1.v2 = 0
= 90

(d)

(M1)
(A1)
(A1)(AG)

(M1)
(M1)
(A1)
(A1)

x 12 23 12
y . 5 = 5 . 5

(i)
12x 5y = 23 12 + 25 = 301

(M1)
(A1)

OR

x 23 y + 5
=
2.5
6
6x 138 = 2.5y + 12.5
12x 276 = 5y + 25
12x 5y = 301 (A1)

(M1)

(ii)

(e)

5 x + 12 y = 224 25 x + 60 y = 1120

12 x 5 y = 301 144 x 60 y = 3612

(M1)
169x = 4732
x = 28, y = (12 28 301) 5 = 7
(28, 7)
(A1)(A1)
Note: Accept any correct method for solving simultaneous
equations.

16 + 12t = 23 + 2.5t 9.5t = 7 (M1)

12 5t = 5 + 6t
17 = 11t
7 17

9.5 11
(A1)
planes cannot be at the same place at the same time

(M1)

(R1)

OR
28
28 16 12
7 7 = 12 + t 5

r1 =
12t = 12

5t = 5 t = 1
23 2.5 25.5 28
+ =

When t = 1 r2 = 5 6 1 7

(M1)
(A1)
(A1)(R1)

OR
28
28 23 2.5
7 7 = 5 + t 6

r2 =
t = 2 (A1)

(M1)
4
[20]

11.

1 6
.
2 8 = 6 16 = 10
1
6
= 12 + 2 2 = 5 , = 6 2 + 8 2 = 100
2
8

1 6
. =
2 8

1 6

2 8 cos

10

10 = 5 10 cos cos = 10 5
117

12.

(A1)
= 10

(A1)

5 = arccos 5

2 x 4
.

3 y + 1

(M1)
(A1)
[4]

(M1) (M1)
Notes: Award (M1) for using scalar product.
x 4

Award (M1) for y + 1 .

2(x 4) + 3(y + 1) = 0

(A1)

2x 8 + 3y + 3 = 0
2x + 3y = 5

(A1)

OR
2
3

3

Gradient of a line parallel to the vector

is 2

(M1)

2
Gradient of a line perpendicular to this line is 3

(M1)

2
So the equation is y + 1 = 3 (x 4)
3y + 3 = 2x + 8
2x + 3y = 5
(A1)

13.

(a)

At 13:00, t = 1
x 0
6 6
= + 1 =
8 20
y 28
2

(A1)

[4]

(M1)
(A1)

(b)

x
x

y
y
Velocity vector: t =1 t =0
6 0 6
=
1
= 20 28 8 (km h )

(i)

(ii)

Speed =

(M1)
(A1)

(6 2 + ( 8) 2 )

; (M1)
1
= 10; 10 km h
4

(A1)

x = 6t

(c)

EITHER

y = 28 8t

(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for both equations.

x

y = 28 8 6

(M1)(A1)

Note: Award (M1) for elimination, award (A1) for equation in

x, y.
4x + 3y = 84
4

(a1)

OR

x 6
0 6
. = .
y 8
28 8
x 8 0 8
. = .
y 6 28 6

4x + 3y = 84
4

(M1)
(M1)(A1)
(A1)

10

(d)

18

They collide if 4 lies on path;

EITHER (18, 4) lies on 4x + 3y = 84

4 18 + 3 4 = 84
72 + 12 = 84; OK;
x = 18
(M1)
18 = 6t t = 3, collide at 15:00
4
18 0 6
= + t
4 28 8 for some t,
18 = 6t

and 4 = 28 8t
t =3

and 8t = 24
t = 3

and t = 3

OR

They collide at 15:00

4

(e)

(f)

(R1)

(M1)
(A1)

(A1)
(A1)

(A1)

x 18
5
= + (t 1)
y 4
12

(M1)

18 + 5t 5

= 4 + 12t 12
2
13 5
+ t
= 8 12

(AG)

At t = 3,
(M1)
x
13
+
3 5 28

=
=
y 8 + 3 12 28

(A1)

(M1)

28 18 10
=
28 4 24
2

(10 + 24 ) = (676)
26 km apart (A1)

(A1)
= 26
4
[20]

11

14.

cos =

a.b
ab

(M1)

4 + 14
20 50

(A1)

10
= 10 10
1
= 10 (= 0.3162)
= 72 (to the nearest degree)
Note: Award (C2) for a radian answer between 1.2 and 1.25.

(A1)
(A1) (C4)
[4]

15.

(a)

2
0.7 3.4
+ 2 =
At t = 2, 0 1 2

Distance from (0, 0) =

2

(b)

3.4 + 2

= 3.94 m

0. 7
= 0.7 2 + 12
1
= 1.22 m s
2

(M1)
(A1)

(M1)
(A1)

(c)

x = 2 + 0.7 t and y = t
x 0.7y = 2 (A1)

(M1)
2

(d)

y = 0.6x + 2 and x 0.7y = 2

170
160

and y =
or x =

29
29
x = 5.86 and y = 5.52
3

(M1)
(A1)(A1)

12

(e)

The time of the collision may be found by solving

5.86 2 0.7

= +
5.52 0 1 t for t

(M1)

t = 5.52 s (A1)
[ie collision occurred 5.52 seconds after the vehicles set out].
Distance d travelled by the motorcycle is given by
5.86 0

= (5.86) 2 + (3.52) 2
5
.
52
2
d=
= 46.73
= 6.84 m

(M1)

(A1)

d 6.84
=
Speed of the motorcycle = t 5.52
1
= 1.24 m s (A1)

5
[14]

16.

6 1

Direction vector = 5 3
5

= 2
(A1)
x 1 5
= + t
y 3 2

(M1)

(A2)

OR
x 6 5
= + t
y 5 2

(A2) (C4)
[4]

17.

2 x x + 1

x 3 5

(a)
=0
2x(x + 1) + (x 3)(5) = 0
2
2x + 7x 15 = 0
(C3)

(M1)(M1)
(A1)

13

(b)

METHOD 1
2

2x + 7x 15 = (2x 3)(x + 5) = 0
3
x = 2 or x = 5
(C1)

(A1)

METHOD 2
7 7 2 4( 2)(15)
2( 2)

x=

3
x = 2 or x = 5
(C1)

(A1)
[4]

18.

(ii)
(iii)

(b)

240

OA =
2
2
70

(a) (i)
OA = 240 + 70 = 250
1 240 0.96

70 0.28
250

unit vector =

(M1)(AG)

0.96 288
=

v = 300
0.28 84

(M1)(A1)

240 5
=
t = 288 6 hr (= 50 min)
5

480 240 240

=

AB =
250 70 180

AB =

(i)

(ii)

(A1)

(A1)

240 + 180 = 300

2

OA AB ( 240)(240) + (70)(180)
=
( 250)(300)
cos = OA AB
= 0.936
(A1)
= 20.6 (A1)

(c)

(A1)

339 240 99
=

AX =
238 70 168

3 240

4 180 = 720 + 720 = 0

n AB
(AG)

(M1)
4

(A1)

(M1)(A1)

14

(iii)

Projection of AX in the direction of n is

1 99 3 297 + 672

=
5
XY = 5 168 4
= 75

(M1)(A1)(A1)

(d)

AX =

99 2 + 168 2 = 195

AY = 195 75
3
2

= 180 km

(A1)
(M1)(A1)
[18]

19.

x = l 2t
y = 2 + 3t

x 1 y 2
=
2
3
3x + 2y = 7

(A1)
(A1)
(M1)
(A1)(A1)(A1) (C6)
[6]

15

20.
y

x
S
(a)

ST = t s (M1)
7 2

7
2
=
9

9
=

(A1)

VU = ST (M1)
9

9
uv=
9

9
v=u
5 9 4
=
15
9
6
=
V(4, 6)

(b)

(A1)

(A1)5

9
1
or k
9
1
Equation of (UV): direction is =
5
9
5
1
+
+
15
9 or 15
1
r=

(A1)
(A1)

OR

4
9
+
6
9 or
r=

4
1
+
6
1

(A1)

16

(c)

1

11 is on the line because it gives the same value of , for both the x

and y coordinates.

For example, 1 = 5 + 9

4
= 9

11 = 15 + 9

4
= 9

(d)

(R1)

(A1)

a 1
EW =
17 11

(i)

a 1

(M1)

(A1)

( a 1)

EW = 2 13

+ 36

2
= 2 13 (or (a 1) + 36 = 52)

(M1)

a 2a + 1 +36 = 52
2
a 2a 15 = 0
a = 5 or a = 3
(ii)

(A1)
(A1)(AG)

For a = 3

4

EW = 6 ET = t e =
EW ET

cos WET =

EW ET

6

4

(A1)(A1)

(M1)

24 24
52 52
12
= 13
=

Therefore, WET = 157 (3 sf)

10

(A1)

(A1)
[19]

17

21.

Angle between lines = angle between direction vectors.

4

3
Direction vectors are and
4 1 4 1

3 . 1 3 1
=

(
4(1) + 3(1) =
1

(M1)

1

1 .

(A1)

cos

(M1)

2
4 2 + 32 12 + ( 1)

cos

(A1)

cos = 5 2 = 0.1414
= 81.9 (3 sf), (1.43 radians)

(A1)
(A1) (C6)

4

1
Note: If candidates find the angle between the vectors
2

4
and , award marks as below:
4

1
Angle required is between and
4 2 4 2

1 . 4 1 4

2

4

cos

4 + ( 1) 2 + 4

4(2) + (1) 4 =
4
17 20 = cos = 0.2169
2

) cos

= 77.5 (3sf), (1.35 radians)

22.

(i)
(ii)

b=

a=

(M0)(A0)

(M1)
(A1)
(A1)
(A1) (C4)
[6]

122 + 52 = 13

(A1)

62 + 82 = 10

(A1)

1
=> unit vector in direction of b = 10 (6i + 8j)

(A1)

= 0.6i + 0.8j

18

(iii)

a . b = a b cos

(M1)

12( 6) + 5( 8)
13(10)
=> cos =
112 56
=
= 130 65

(A1)
(A1)

6
[6]

23.

METHOD 1
At point of intersection:
5 + 3 = 2 + 4t
l 2 = 2 + t

(M1)
(M1)

Attempting to solve the linear system

= l (or t = 1)

(M1)
(A1)

2
OP =
3

(A1)(A1) (C6)

METHOD 2
(changing to Cartesian coordinates)
2x + 3y = 13, x 4y = 10
Attempt to solve the system

2
OP =
3

(M1)(A1)(A1)
(M1)
(A1)(A1) (C6)

Note: Award (C5) for the point P(2, 3).

24.

(a)

c d = 3 5 + 4 (12)
= 33 (A1)

(M1)
(C2)
[2]

19

25.

OR = PQ

(a)

=qp

10 7

1
3
=
3

2
=

(A1)(A1)
(A1)

OPQ =
(b)

cos

PO =

PO PQ
PO PQ

( 7)

+ ( 3)

(A1)
2

58 ,

PQ = 3 + ( 2 )
2

PO PQ = 21 + 6 = 15
15
15
OPQ =
=
58 13
754
cos

= 13

(A1)(A1)
(A1)
(AG)

(c)

(i)

Since OPQ + PQR = 180

15

R
Q
754
P
Q
O
P

cos
= cos

(R1)
(AG)

20

(ii)

15
1

R
754
P
Q

sin
=
529
= 754 (A1)
23
= 754 (AG)

(M1)

OR
cos =

15
754

4
P

(M1)
2

therefore x = 754 225 = 529 x = 23

(A1)

23
754 (AG)

sin =
Note: Award (A1)(A0) for the following solution.

15
754 = 56.89

cos =
sin = 0.8376

23
754 = 0.8376 sin =

(iii)

Area of OPQR = 2 (area of triangle PQR)

1
R
PQ QR sin PQ
=2 2
1
23
13 58
754
=2 2
= 23 sq units.
(A1)
OR
Area of OPQR = 2 (area of triangle OPQ)

1
( 7 1 3 10 )
2
=2
= 23 sq units.
7
Notes: Other valid methods can be used.
Award final (A1) for the integer answer.

23
754
(M1)
(A1)
(A1)
(M1)
(A1)(A1)
(A1)

[14]

21

26.

4 6
+ t
B, or r = 4 2
(C3)
7
3

+ t
D, or r = 5 1
(C3)
Note: Award C4 for B, D and one incorrect,
C3 for one correct and nothing else, C1 for one correct and one
incorrect, C0 for anything else.
[6]

27.

(a)

60 30

25 40 = 60 (30) + 25 40
= 800
(A1)

(M1)
(C2)

800

(b)

cos =

60 2 + 25 2

( 30) 2 + 40 2

(M1)(A1)

Note: Trig solutions:

Award M1 for attempt to use a correct strategy, A1 for correct
values.
cos = 0.246...
= 104.25... (or 255.75...)
(C4)
She turns through 104 (or 256)
Note: Accept answers in radians ie 1.82 or 4.46.

(A1)
(A1)

[6]

t28.

(a)

(b)

1
OB =
7
2

8
OC =
9

AD = BC = OC OB
8 1 9
=
= 9 7 2
2 9 11 8 3 11
OD = OA + AD = + = or + =
2 2 4 9 5 4

11
accept

4
d = 11
3

(A1)(A1)

(M1)
(A1)

(A1)

22

(c)

11 1 12
BD = =
4 7 3
1

(d)

(i)
(ii)

x 1 12 1 4
= + t or + t
y
7
3
7
1
l :

At B, t = 0 by observation

(A1)

(A2)
(A1)

OR
1 1 12
= + t
7 7 3
t = 0
(A1)

(e)

7 1 12
= + t
5 7 3 7 + 1 = 12t = 8
2
t = 3
(A1)
x 1 4
= + t
Note: The equation y 7 1 leads to t = 2.

2
2

when t = 3 , y = 7 + 3 (3)
= 7 2 = 5 (A1)
ie P on line
(AG)

(M1)

OR
5 7 = 3t = 2
2
t = 3
(A1)
2
2
when t = 3 , x = 1 + 3 12
= 1 + 8 = 7 (A1)
ie P on line
(AG)

(M1)
3

23

(f)

7 8 1
CP = =
5 9 4

(A1)

1 12

4 3 = 12 +12 = 0
Scalar product of non-zero vectors = 0 are perpendicular

(M1)(A1)
(R1)(AG)

OR
Geometric approach
CP: m = 4

(A1)
1
BD: m1 = 4
1

mm = 4 4 = 1

(A1)
(A1)
(R1)(AG)

Product of gradients is 1 lines (vectors) are perpendicular

4

[16]

29.

Direction vectors are a = i 3j and b = i j.

a b = (1 + 3)
a = 10 , b = 2

(A2)
(A1)
(A1)

a b
4
=

ab
10
2

cos =
4
cos =

(M1)

20

(A1) (C6)
[6]

30.

(a) (i)
5

= 1

3 2
AB = OB OA =
1 2

(M1)
(A1)

(N2)

(A1)

(N2)

(ii)

AB = 25 + 1

(M1)

26 (= 5.10 to 3 sf)
2
Note: An answer of 5.1 is subject to AP.

24

(b)

AD = OD OA
d 2

= 23 2
d 2

= 25 (A1)(A1)

(c)

(i)

EITHER

D = 90 AB AD
BA
= 0 or mention of scalar (dot) product.

(M1)

5 d 2

1 25

=0
5d + 10 + 25 = 0 (A1)
d=7
(AG)

OR
1
5

25
Gradient of AD =
d 2
Gradient of AB =

(ii)

(d)

(A1)

25 1

d 2 5 = 1
d = 7
(AG)

(A1)

7
OD =
23 (correct answer only)
3

(A1)

AD = BC

(M1)

5
BC =
25 (A1)

OC = OB + BC (M1)
3 5
OC = +
1 25
2

= 24
4
Note: Many other methods, including scale drawing, are
acceptable.

(A1)

(N3)

25

(e)

AD or BC = 5 2 + 25 2 = 650

(A1)

26 650 =( 5.099 25.5)

Area =
= 130

(A1)

2
[15]

31.

(a)

(i)

BC = OC OB

= 6i 2 j

(ii)

(A1)(A1) (N2)

OD = OA + BC
= 2i + 0 j (= 2i )

(b)

(A1)(A1) (N2)

BD = OD OB
= 3i + 3 j

(A1)

AC = OC OA
= 9i 7 j

(A1)

Let be the angle between BD and AC

(3i + 3 j ) (9i 7 j )
cos =
(3i + 3 j ) 9i 7 j

(M1)

numerator = + 27 21 (= 6)

(A1)

denominator
therefore,

= 18 130 = 2340

cos =

r = i 3 j + t (2i + 7 j )
(N1)

(A1)

6
2340

= 82.9o (1.45 rad)

(c)

(A1)
6

( = (1 + 2t )i + (3 + 7t ) j )

(N3)

(A1)
1

26

(d)

EITHER
4i + 2 j + s( i + 4 j ) = i 3 j + t ( 2i + 7 j ) (may be implied)
4 + s = 1 + 2t

2 + 4 s = 3 + 7t

(A1)

t = 7 and/or s = 11

(A1)

Position vector of P is 15i + 46 j

(N2)

(M1)

(A1)

OR
7 x 2 y = 13 or equivalent

(A1)

4 x y = 14 or equivalent (A1)
x = 15 , y = 46

(A1)

Position vector of P is 15i + 46 j

(N2)

(A1)
4
[15]

32.

(a)

OG = 5i + 5j 5k
2

A2

(b)

BD = 5i + 5k
2

A2

(c)

EB = 5i + 5j 5k
2
Note: Award A0(A2)(A2) if the 5 is consistently omitted.

A2

[6]

33.

(a)

4

AB
Finding correct vectors,
= 3

3

AC = 1

A1A1

Substituting correctly in the scalar product

AB AC = 4(3) + 3(1)
= 9
AG
(b)

| AB | = 5 | AC | = 10
9
Attempting to use scalar product formula cos BAC = 5 10
= 0.569 (3 s.f)
3

A1
3
(A1)(A1)
M1
AG
[6]

27

34.

(a)

Attempting to find unit vector (eb) in the direction of b

Correct values =

(M1)

3

1
4
32 + 4 2 + 0 2 0

A1

0.6

0.8
0

A1

Finding direction vector for b, vb = 18 eb

b=

10.8

14.4
0

(M1)

A1

Using vector representation b = b0 + tvb

=
(b)

(i)
(ii)

(M1)

0 10.8

0 + t 14.4
5 0

A1

Finding magnitude of velocity vector

(i)

At R,

(M1)

(48) 2 + (24) 2 + 6 2

= 54(km h )
10.8t 49 48t

14.4t = 32 24t
5 6t

5
t = 6 (= 0.833) (hours)
2
(ii)

t = 0 (49, 32, 0)
1

Substituting correctly vh =

(c)

AG

5
For substituting t = 6 into expression for b or h
(9,12,5)
A2

A1
A1

A1
A1

M1
3
[15]

28

35.

METHOD 1
Using a b = ab cos (may be implied)
3 2 3
=
4 1 4

2
cos
1

3 2
= ( 3 2 ) + ( 4 1) = 2
Correct value of scalar product 4 1

3
2
= 25 ( = 5 ) , = 5
4
1
Correct magnitudes
cos =

(M1)

(A1)

(A1)

(A1)(A1)

2
125

(A1) (C6)

METHOD 2
3
= 25
4

(A1)

2
= 5
1

(A1)

5
= 34
3

(A1)

Using cosine rule

(M1)

34 = 25 + 5 25 5 cos

(A1)

cos =

2
125

(A1) (C6)
[6]

36.

(a)

(i)
800
=

600

200 600
AB =

400 200

(A1)

(A1) (N2)

29

(ii)

AB = 800 2 + 600 2 = 1000 (must be seen)

=

unit vector

1 800

1000 600

(M1)

(A1)

0.8
=
0.6

(AG) (N0)

Note: A reverse method is not acceptable in show that

questions.

(b)

0.8
v = 250
0.6

(i)

(M1)

200
=

150

(AG) (N0)
Note: A correct alternative method is using the given vector
equation with t = 4.

(ii)

at 13:00, t = 1
x 600 200
y = 200 + 1 150

(M1)

400
=

50

(A1) (N1)

(iii)

AB = 1000

Time

1 000
= 4 (hours)
250

(M1)(A1)

over town B at 16:00 (4 pm, 4:00 pm)

(Do not accept 16 or 4:00 or 4)
(N3)

(A1)
6

30

(c)

Note: There are a variety of approaches. The table shows some of them,
with the mark allocation. Use discretion, following this allocation as closely
as possible.

Time for A to B to C
= 9 hours

Distance from A to B to
C
= 2250 km

Fuel used from A to B

= 1800 4 = 7200 litres

Light goes on after

16000 litres

Light goes on after

16000 litres

Fuel remaining
= 9800 litres

Time for 16 000

litres

Distance on 16000 litres

Hours before light

8800
1800

16000
=
250
1800

8
= 4 ( = 4.889)
9

16000
1800
8
= 8 ( = 8.889)
9
=

Time remaining is

2
= 2222 (= 2222.22)
9
km

1
(= 0.111)
=9
hour

Time remaining is
1
= ( = 0.111)
9
hour

1
= 250
Distance 9

Distance to C
= 2250 2222.22

1
= 250
Distance 9

= 27.8 km

= 27.8 km

= 27.8 km

(A1)

(A1)

(A1)
(A1)

(A1)

(A2)

(N4) 7
[17]

37.

(a)

16 + 9

25 = 5

(M1)(A1)

(C2)

(b)

(c)

2 4 6
+ 2 =
1 3 7
(C2)
2 4
+ t
r = 1 3
(C2)
Note:
not

(so B is (6, 7) )

(not unique)

(M1)(A1)

(A2)

Award (A1) if r = is omitted, ie

an equation.
[6]

31

12 4

11 5

38.

(a)

DE =
(N2)

(b)

8

= 6

(M1)(A1)

(=

82 + 62

DE =

= 10
(c)

64 + 36

(A1)

(M1)
(N2)

Vector geometry approach

Using DG = 10
2

(M1)
2

(x 4) + (y 5) = 100

(A1)

Using (DG) perpendicular to (DE)

6

DG
Leading to
= 8 , DG =

6

8

(M1)

(A1)(A1)

Using DG = DO + OG (O is the origin)

(M1)
G (2, 13), G (10, 3)
(accept position vectors)

(A1)(A1)

Algebraic approach

6
gradient of DE = 8
gradient of DG =

(A1)

8
6

(A1)

equation of line DG is y 5 =
Using DG = 10
2

4
( x 4)
3

(A1)

(M1)
2

(x 4) + (y 5) = 100

(A1)

Solving simultaneous equation

G ( 2, 13), G (10, 3)
(accept position vectors)
Note:
Award full marks for an
appropriately
labelled diagram (eg showing that DG =10 ,
displacements of 6 and 8), or an accurate
diagram leading to the correct answers.

(M1)
(A1)(A1)

[12]

39.

(a)

0 5
+ 2
p = 2 12 3

(A1)

10

= 6

(A1)

(accept any other vector notation, including (10, 6) )

(N2)

32

(b)

METHOD 1
(i)

equating components

(M1)

0 + 5p = 14 + q , 12 3p = 0 + 3q

(A1)

p = 3, q =1
(ii)

(A1)(A1)

The coordinates of P are (15, 3)

(A1)
(N1)(N1)

(N1)(N1)
(accept x = 15, y = 3 ) (A1)

METHOD 2
(i)

Setting up Cartesian equations

(M1)

x = 5p

x = 14 + q

y =12 3p

y = 3q

giving

3x + 5y = 60

3x y = 42

(A1)

Solving simultaneously gives x = 15, y = 3

Substituting to find p and q
15 0
= +
3 12

5
p ,
3

15 14
1
= + q ,
3 0
3

p=3
(ii)

From above, P is (15, 3)

(A1)(A1)

q=1
(N1)(N1)

(A1)(A1)
(accept x = 15, y = 3 seen above)
(N1)(N1)
[8]

5

PQ = 3
N2

40.

(a)

(b)

A1A1

Using r = a + tb
x 1 5
= + t
y 6 3 A2A1A1

N4
[6]

33

41.

(a)

(i)

Evidence of subtracting all three components in the correct order

M1

eg AB = OB OA = ( 4i 5 j + 21k ) ( 2i + 3 j + k )
= 2i 8j + 20k
N0

(ii)

AB =

1
u=

2 2 + ( 8) + 20 2 =

468

468 = 6 13 = 2 117 = 21.6

AG

(A1)

( 2i 8 j + 20k )
A1

N2

2
8
20
=
i
j+
k , 0.0925i 0.370 j + 0.925k , etc.
468
468
468

(iii)

If the scalar product is zero, the vectors are perpendicular.

Note:
Award R1 for stating the relationship
between
the scalar product and
perpendicularity, seen
anywhere in the solution.

u OA or AB OA

Finding an appropriate scalar product

R1

M1

2
8
20
2 +
3 +
1
u OA =
468
468
468

eg

4 24 + 20
=

468

AB OA = 2 2 + ( 8) 3 + 20 1

u OA = 0 or AB OA = 0

A1

N0

34

(b)

(i)

EITHER

2 + 4 3 5 1 + 21
S
,
,

2
2
2

(M1)(A1)

Therefore, OS = 3i j + 11k

(accept (3, 1, 11))

A1

N3

OR

1
OS = OA + AB
2

(M1)

1
= (2i + 3j + k) + 2 (2i + 8j + 20k)

(A1)

OS = 3i j + 11k
(ii)

(c)

A1

L1 : r = (3i j + 11k) + t (2i + 3j + 1k)

N1

Using direction vectors (eg 2i + 3j + 1k and 2i + 5j 3k)

Valid explanation of why L1 is not parallel to L2
N2
eg.

N3
A1

(M1)
R1

Direction vectors are not scalar multiples of each other.

Angle between the direction vectors is not zero or 180.
Finding the angle
d1 d2 d1 d2 .
Note:
not equal.

(d)

Award R0 for direction vectors are

Setting up any two of the three equations

For each correct equation A1A1
eg 3 + 2t = 5 2s, 1 + 3t = 10 + 5s, 11 + t = 10 3s

(M1)

Attempt to solve these equations

Finding one correct parameter (s = 1, t = 2)

(M1)
(A1)

P has position vector 7i + 5j + 13k

N4
Notes:
is used

A2
Award (M1)A2 if the same parameter
for both lines in the initial correct

equations.
Award no further marks.
[19]

35

42.

(a)

AB = OB OA

(i)

17 7

2 3
5 5

10

5
10

(A1)

A1

N2

(ii)

AB = 10 2 + 5 2 + 10 2
= 15

(b)

A1

N2

Evidence of correct calculation of scalar product (may be in (i), (ii)

or (iii))
A1

(i)

AB AE = 0 ((6)(2) + 6(4) + 3(4))

N1

(ii)

AB AD = 0 ((10)(6) + 5(6) + 10(3))

N1

(iii)

AB AE = 0 ((10)(2) + 5(4) + 10(4))

N1

(iv)

A1

A1

or
90 2

A1

(c)

(M1)

A1

N1

Volume = AB AD AE

(A1)

= 15 9 6
= 810 (cubic units)

A1 N2

36

(d)

Setting up a valid equation involving H. There are many possibilities.

x 9 10

OH = OG + GH , OH = OA + AE + EH , y 4 = 5
z 12 10

eg

Using equal vectors

(M1)

(M1)

eg GH = AB , EH = AD
9 10 1
7 2 6 1

OH = 4 5 = 1 , OH = 3 + 4 + 6 = 1
12 10 2
5 4 3 2

coordinates of H are ( 1, 1, 2)
N3
18

HB = 3
3

A1

(e)

A1

AG HB
P =
AG HB

Attempting to use formula cos

2 18 + 7 3 + 17 3
=

2 2 + 7 2 + 17 2 18 2 + 3 2 + 3 2

= 0.31578...

(M1)

342 342
108

A1

(A1)

P = 71.6

(= 1.25 radians)
N3

A1
[19]

1 3

AB = OB OA = 5 2
3 1

43.

(a)

2

AB = 3
2

(M1)

A2

N3

37

(b)

Using r = a + tb
x 3 2 x 1 2

y = 2 + t 3 or y = 5 + t 3
z 1 2 z 3 2

A1A1A1

N3
[6]

44.

1 x

AB = , OR =
3
3 3x
N2

(a)

(b)

A1A1

AB OR = x 3 ( 3 3x )

A1

AB OR = 0 (10 x 9 = 0) M1
9 3
,
R is 10 10

A1A1

N2
[6]

45.

uv=8+3+p

(a)

(A1)

For equating scalar product equal to zero

(M1)

8+3+p=0
p = 11

(b)

2 2 + 3 2 + ( 1)

q 14 =14

A1 N3

= 14 , 3.74

(M1)

A1

q = 14 ( = 3.74) A1

N2
[6]

38

46.

Note: In this question, accept any correct vector notation, including row
vectors eg (1, 2, 3).
(a)

PQ = OQ OP

(i)

= i 2j + 3k

(M1)
A1

N2

(ii)

(b)

r = OP + s PQ

(M1)

= 5i + 11j 8k + s(i 2j + 3k)

A1

= (5 + s) i + (11 2s)j + (8 + 3s) k

N0

AG

If (2, y1, z1) lies on L1 then 5 + s = 2

(M1)
s=7

y1 = 3, z1 = 13
(c)

A1

A1A1

N3

Evidence of correct approach

eg (5 + s)i + (11 2s) j + (8 + 3s) k = 2i + 9j +13k + t(i +2j + 3k)

(M1)

At least two correct equations

eg 5 + s = 2 + t, 11 2s = 9 + 2t, 8 + 3s = 13 + 3t

A1A1

Attempting to solve their equations

One correct parameter (s = 4, t = 3)

(M1)
A1

OT = i + 3j + 4k
(d)

A2

N4

Direction vector for L1 is d1 = i 2j + 3k

Note:
(i).

Award A1FT for their vector from (a)

Direction vector for L2 is d2 = i 2j + 3k

d1 d2 = 6,
cos =

d1

d
= 14 , 2 = 14 ,

6
14 14

Note:
give

(A1)
(A1)(A1)(A1)

6 3
= =
14 7

= 64.6

(A1)

A1

(= 1.13radians)
N4
Award marks as per the markscheme
if their (correct) direction vectors

A1

d1 d2 = 6, leading to = 115
(= 2.01 radians).
[22]

39

47.

(a)

speed =

3 2 + 4 2 + 10 2

(M1)

= 125 = 5 5 , 11.2, (metres per minute)

N2

(b)

Let the velocity vector be

A1

a

b
c

Finding a velocity vector A2

eg

3

16
39

5

10
23

+2

a

b
c

3

16
39

Dividing by 2 to give
x

y
z

5

10
23

+t

5

10
23

4

3
8

A1

4

3
8

AG

N0

(c)

(i)

At Q,

3

2
7

3

4
10
+ t =

5

10
23

+t

4

3
8

(M1)

Setting up one correct equation A1

eg 3 + 3t = 5 + 4t, 2 + 4t = 10 + 3t, 7 + 10t = 23 + 8t
t=8

(A1)

Correct answer

A1

eg after 8 minutes, 13:08

(ii)

N3

Substituting for t (M1)

x

y
z

3

2
7

3

4
10
+ 8 , or

x

y
z

5

10
23

+8

x = 27, y = 34, z = 87 or (27, 34, 87), or

N2

4

3
8

27

34
87

A1

40

(d)

3

4
10
For choosing both direction vectors d1 = and d2 =
d1 d2 = 104,

d1

d
= 125 , 2 =

89

4

3
8

(A1)
(A1)(A1)(A1)

104

cos =

125 89

= 0.98601...

A1

= 0.167 (radians)(accept = 9.59)

48.

(a)

(i)

Evidence of approach

eg JQ =

0 6

7 0 , JQ = JO + OQ
10 0

6

JQ = 7
10

A1

N3
[17]

M1

6

MK = 7
10

AG

N0

(ii)

A1

N1

41

(b)

(i)

r=
N2

6

0
0

+t

6

7
10

Note:

(ii)

or r =

0

7
10

+t

6

7
10

A2

Award A1 if r = is missing.

Evidence of choosing correct vectors

6

7
10

6

7
10

(A1)(A1)

Evidence of calculating magnitudes

( 6) + 7 2 + 10 2 = 185
eg
= 185
2

6

7
10

6

7
10

15)

(A1)(A1)

6 2 + ( 7 ) + 10 2
2

= 36 49 + 100
(A1)

For evidence of substitution into the correct formula

(= 15)

(accept

M1

15

= 0.0811
=
185 185 185

15

eg cos =

15
accept

185 185

= 1.49 (radians), 85.3

(c)

A1

N4

METHOD 1
Geometric approach

(M1)

Valid reasoning

A2

1
OD = OM + MK
2
eg diagonals bisect each other,

Calculation of mid point (A1)

6 + 0 0 + 7 0 + 10
,
,

2
2
eg 2
3

OD = 3.5
5

(accept (3,3.5,5))
N3

A1

42

METHOD 2
Correct approach

eg

6

0
0

+t

6

7
10

(M1)

0

7
10

Two correct equations

+s

6

7
10

A1

eg 6 6t = 6s,7t = 7 7s, 10t = 10s

Attempt to solve

(M1)

One correct parameter

s = 0.5
3

OD = 3.5
5

t = 0.5

A1

(accept (3, 3.5, 5))

N3

A1

METHOD 3
Correct approach

eg

0

7
10

+t

6

7
10

(M1)

0

7
0

Two correct equations

+s

6

7
10

A1

eg 6t = 6s, 7 + 7t = 7 7s, 10 + 10t = 10s

Attempt to solve

(M1)

One correct parameter

s = 0.5
3

OD = 3.5
5

t = 0.5

A1

(accept (3, 3.5, 5))

N3

A1

[16]

43

49.

(a)

(i)

evidence of combining vectors

(M1)

eg AB = OB OA (or AD = AO + OD in part (ii))

AB =

AD =

(ii)
(b)

2

4
2

2

k 5
2

A1

A1

evidence of using perpendicularity scalar product = 0

N2

N1
(M1)

2 2

e.g. 4 k 5 = 0
2 2

4 4(k 5) + 4 = 0

A1

4k + 28 = 0 (accept any correct equation clearly leading to k = 7)

k=7
N0

(c)

2

2

AD = 2

A1

evidence of correct approach

(M1)

3 1 x 3 1


OC = OB + BC , 1 + 1 , y 1 = 1
2 1 z 2 1

AG

(A1)

1

1

BC = 1

eg

A1

OC =

4

2
1

A1

N3

44

(d)

METHOD 1

choosing appropriate vectors, BA , BC

finding the scalar productM1
eg 2(1) + 4(1) + 2(1), 2(1) + (4)(1) + (2)(1)

cos ABC = 0

(A1)

A1

N1

METHOD 2

BC parallel to AD (may show this on a diagram with points labelled)

R1

BC AB (may show this on a diagram with points labelled)

R1

C
AB
= 90

cos ABC = 0

A1

N1
[13]

50.

pw = pi + 2pj 3pk (seen anywhere)

attempt to find v + pw
eg 3i + 4j + k + p(i + 2j 3k)
collecting terms (3 + p)i + (4 + 2p)j + (1 3p) k

(A1)
(M1)
A1

attempt to find the dot product

eg 1(3 + p) + 2(4 + 2p) 3(1 3p)

(M1)

setting their dot product equal to 0

eg 1(3 + p) + 2(4 + 2p) 3(1 3p) = 0

(M1)

simplifying
A1
eg 3 + p + 8 + 4p 3 + 9p = 0, 14p + 8 = 0

8

P = 0.571 14

A1
N3
[7]

45

51.

(a)

(i)

evidence of approach

AB =

4

6
1

M1

eg AO + OB = AB, B A

AG

N0

(ii)

for choosing correct vectors, ( AO with AB , or OA with

BA )

(A1)(A1)

Using AO with BA will lead to

0.799. If they then say B A O

Note:

= 0.799, this is a correct solution.

calculating AO AB ,

AO , AB
(A1)(A1)(A1)

eg d1d2 = (1)(4) + (2)(6) + (3)(1) (= 19)

d1 =
d2 =

( 1) 2 + 2 2 + ( 3) 2 ( =
( 4) 2 + 6 2 + ( 1) 2 ( =

14 ,
53

evidence of using the formula to find the angle

( 1) ( 4) + ( 2) ( 6) + ( 3) ( 1)
( 1) 2 + 2 2 + ( 3) 2 ( 4) 2 + 6 2 + ( 1) 2

M1
,

eg cos =
19
, 0.69751...
14 53

O
BA
= 0.799 radians (accept 45.8)
N3

(b)

two correct answers

eg (1, 2, 3), (3, 4, 2), (7, 10, 1), (11, 16, 0)
N2

A1

A1A1

46

(c)

(i)

(ii)

r=
N2

1 3

2 + t 4
3 2

A2

k 1 3

k = 2 + t 4
5 3 2

(M1)

evidence of equating components

(A1)

C on L2, so

eg 1 3t = k, 2 + 4t = k, 5 = 3 + 2t
one correct value t = 1, k = 2 (seen anywhere)
coordinates of C are (2, 2, 5)
(d)

(A1)

A1

N3

for setting up one (or more) correct equation using

2 3 1

2 = 8 + p 2
5 0 1

(M1)

eg 3 + p = 2, 8 2p = 2, p = 5
p = 5

52.

A1

evidence of equating vectors

eg L1 = L2
for any two correct equations
eg 2 + s = 3 t, 5 + 2s = 3 + 3t, 3 + 3s = 8 4t
attempting to solve the equations
finding one correct parameter (s = 1, t = 2)
the coordinates of T are (1, 3, 0)
N3

N2
[18]

(M1)
A1A1
(M1)
A1
A1
[6]

47