Overview of Indian Power Sector

February 29, 2008

Evolutionary Phase of Power Sector

Radical changes in structural, institutional and operational arrangements. Supply of electricity is moving away from being considered as Public Service to an Economic Activity Private Sector Participation aimed at

marshaling requisite investment into the sector to usher in competition and improved efficiency

Consumers Aspiration Growing Digital Grade Power Supply being Sought

Electricity Act 2003 Paradigm Shift

Delicensing of generation and freedom for captive power plants

Trading defined as distinct activity. Unbundling of erstwhile monolithic State Electricity Boards into separate corporations responsible for generation, transmission and distribution

Non discriminatory Open Access in transmission Transmission as licensed Activity Procurement of Power through Competitive basis

Players in the Power Sector

Generators

Central Transmission utility

System Operator

State Transmission/Subtransmission utilities Traders Distribution utilities

Consumers

Development of Electric Grids

National

Regional State

Local

1950s

1960s

1970s

1990s

Adoption of Generating unit size

660/ 1000MW

500MW 200/ 210MW Less than 200MW

1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

Plan wise Growth of Power System

140000 120000 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 132300 105000 85800 63600 42600
6th Plan 1980-85 7th Plan 1985-90 Annual Plan 1990-91 Annual Plan 1991-92 8th Plan 1992-97 9th Plan 1997-2002

MW

6th

7th

8th

9th

10th

10th Plan 2002-07

450000 400000 350000 300000 250000 200000 150000 100000 50000 0

383700 254800 169700 94400 37300 9300 6th Plan 21600 7th Plan 40900 8th Plan 60400 92900

Ckt. kms

9th Plan

10th plan

400 kV lines

220 kV lines

Indian Power System - Present

All figs. in MW I.C-36850 PD- 29570 Deficit- 3500

NR

I.C-2500 PD- 1660 Deficit- 300

Installed Capacity: 141 GW

Peak Demand 106 GW Peak Shortage 15.6% Energy Shortage 10.4 %

NER

WR

I.C-41800 PD- 37950 Deficit- 10100

ER
I.C-18600 PD- 11400 Deficit - 700

I.C-38350 PD- 26000 Deficit-2000

SR
DW EE P

LA KS HA

N ANDAMA R NICOBA &

Indian Power System - Present

Transmission Grid Comprises: 765kV/400kV Lines - 77,500 ckt. km 220/132kV Lines - 114,600 ckt. km HVDC bipoles - 3 nos. HVDC back-to-back - 7 nos. FSC 18 nos.; TCSC 6 nos. NER, ER, NR & WR operating as single grid of 90,000 MW

Inter-regional capacity : 17,000 MW

Inter-regional links At present

Inter-regional capacity : 17,000MW
NR
GORAKHPUR A U R A IY A AGRA KO TA SAHU PURI 500 MW B A L IA M UZAFFARPUR PATNA B IR P A R A

NER
SALAKATI B O N G A IG A O N

BARH B IH A R S H A R IF F M ALDA

M ALANPUR

SASARAM

G W A L IO R U J J A IN

V IN D H Y A C H A L KORBA

DEHRI B U D H IP A D A R RO URKELA TALCHER

ER

WR
KO LHAPUR

R A IP U R CHANDRAPUR B A L IM E L A

1000 MW PONDA U .S IL E R U BELG AUM NAG JHARI

1000 MW GAZUW AKA

SR

Projected Power Scenario

437

Peak Demand
323
G W

218 152 105

2007

2012

2017
Year

2022

2027

Installed Capacity Requirement

119 GW
GW

575 425
150 GW

86 GW

306

153

67 GW

220

2007

2012

2017
Year

2022

2027

Energy Resource Map

Hydro potential in NER and upper part of NR. Coal reserves mainly in ER. Load Centres mainly in Northern & Western part of the Country Thus for optimal utilisation of resources strong National Grid is a necessity.

Generation Addition
In 11th Plan(2007-2012) 78,577 MW Capacity addition in limited areas, as detail given below:
ALL Figures in MW

State West Bengal Jharkhand Orissa Bihar Sikkim NER Other Total

Identified Capacity Additions 5,000

Capacity adition proposed during XI Plan

3380 16553

HYDRO(MW)

23,000 31,000 7,300 3,500 4,050 4,500 78,500

58644

THERMAL(MW) NUCLEAR(MW)

In 12th Plan 82,200 MW

Capacity addition confined to few areas

Improving Grid Operation

System Availability - At par with international standard Grid Disturbance - No major grid disturbance during last 4 years Inter-regional Capacity 17,000 MW as on date Energy Exchanged - 38,000 MUs in 06-07

Grid Disturbances
100 G Disturbances rid 80 60 40 20 0 3 4 7 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 74 53
Minor Major

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 till date Year

Improving Grid Operation

All Regional & State Load Despatch Centres modernised National Load Despatch Centre under implementation This coupled with implementation of ABT has led to: Nil Grid Collapses in Last four and a half years. Improvement in frequency and voltage profile Merit Order Operation, Leading to Overall Economy Transparency in grid operation Quantum leap in intra and inter-regional Power Exchange and Trading (inter-regional energy exchanged in 2006-07 is about 38,000 MU)

GRID DISTURBANCES
100 G Disturbances rid 80 60 40 20 0 3 4 7 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 74 53
Minor Major

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 till date Year

No major grid disturbance for last 4 years Minor grid disturbance reduced to minuscule

Major Challenges in Transmission Development

Large quantum of power to be transferred over long distance Conservation of eco-sensitive Right-of-Way (ROW) Flexibility to enhance the transmission capacity etc. Harnessing of Daily and Seasonal Diversity Optimal transmission cost Development of large transmission system in a limited time period

POWERGRID Physical Target

BY 2011-12

New Transmission Lines 55,000 Ckt.kms 765 kV - 9,000 Ckt.kms; 400 kV - 46,000 ckt.kms New Substations 65 Nos. 765 kV 15 (1 no. GIS) ; 400 kV 50 (6 nos. GIS) Series Compensation 44 Nos. HVDC System +800kV, 6000MW & +500kV, 2500MW 1200 kV UHVAC SuperGrid overlaying 400kV/765kV AC network
BY 2016-17

Quantum of works is expected to be of same order as 11th plan

(in next 10-12 years- about 10 nos. 6000 MW HVDC Bipoles are envisaged)

Strengthening of National Grid

Development of National Grid on continual basis with sufficient interregional power transfer capacity Planned to enhance the capacity progressively to about 150000

150000

IRC p c (M ) a a ity W

120000 90000 60000 30000 0

17000 37700

Present

2012

2027

Ye ar

National Grid A Continuing Process

National Grid by 2012 Inter-regional capacity 37,700MW

MUZAFFARPUR PATNA B'SHARIFF BIRPARA BARH MALDA NABI NAGAR SILIGURI SASARAM

NR
AGRA KANKROLI KOTA GWALIOR UJJAIN

AURAIYA GORAKHPUR FATEHPUR BALIA MALANPUR SAHU PURI

NER
BONGAIGAON SALAKATI

RAPP ZERDA

VINDHYACHAL
SIPAT

KORBA

DEHRI BUDHIPADAR RANCHI ROURKELA

ER

WR
KOLHAPUR

NAGDA

SIPAT CHANDRAPUR RAIPUR TALCHER

NORTH KARANPURA

PARLI

1000 BALIMELA MW

1000 MW
U.SILERU

PONDA

BELGAUM

500 MW

SR
KOLAR

GAZUWAKA

Legend HVDC BIPOLE HVDC BACK-TO-BACK 765 kV 400 kV 220 kV

N ANDAMA R NICOBA

NAGJHARI

LA KS HA DW EE P

&

Pushing Technological Frontiers

800 kV HVDC 765kV AC 500 kV HVDC 1200kV UHVAC

400 kV
Grid Disturbances

1977

1990

2000

2011

2012/13

Technologies Already Implemented

Focus: Optimisation of Right-of-Way & Land requirement

Upgrading & Uprating of existing transmission system EHVAC Transmission System up to 765kV High rise & Multi ckt towers to avoid deforestation and protection of wild life Multi-conductor Bundle line Compact Tower/Pole Tower to reduce Right-of-Way High Temp endurance conductor for increased Loading Gas Insulated Substation Substation automation & remote operation
Contd

Technology in Operation and Maintenance

State-of-the-Art practiced:

maintenance

techniques

being

Hotline maintenance Live line detection of Insulator failure Emergency Restoration System Thermo vision scanning

Towards Green Environment

Environment & Social Policy (ESPP) based on principles of Avoidance, Minimization and Mitigation Specially designed high - rise towers (75m) to reduce tree cutting (Reduced from 90000 to 14739 in Rajaji National Park)
Application of Multi circuit and Compact towers to reduce corridor requirement
Land Use Pattern Traversed in 27,000 Ckt.kms (till 1998)
2% 6% 28%
28%

50 mtr

9 - 25 mtr 4 - 5 mtr approx

in 21,000 ckt.kms (after 1998)

2% 2%

64%

68%

Forest

Agriculture

Revenue land

Others

Total Forest involvement reduced from 6% to 2% after implementation of ESPP since 1998. Timely project implementation without any rehabilitation and resettlement disputes.

Technologies Being Undertaken

Leadership Position in Technology

+800kV, 6000MW HVDC system High Surge Impedance Loading Line(HSIL) 1200kV UHVAC System Reducing high short circuit level Intelligent Grid Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU), Wide Area Monitoring (WAM), Self Healing, Adaptive
Islanding

1200kV UHVAC Test station for indigenous development

Combined effort of manufacturers (19 nos.) and POWERGRID POWERGRIDs investment about Rs. 100 crs. 1200kV Equipment like transformers, CB, disconnectors, Surge Arresters, CT, CVT etc. are being supplied by manufacturers

Test station to be developed for HVDC

Thank You