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Arithmetic Coding: The Rising Star

Arithmetic coding is a lossless data compression technique that is useful for small alphabets and skewed probability distributions. It encodes the entire message into a single number between 0 and 1. Adaptive coding is easy to implement as it does not require codeword tables and can represent fractional codeword lengths. The encoding process involves generating a tag for each symbol based on the cumulative distribution function and then converting the tag into a binary code.

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Ashish Anshumali
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41 views

Arithmetic Coding: The Rising Star

Arithmetic coding is a lossless data compression technique that is useful for small alphabets and skewed probability distributions. It encodes the entire message into a single number between 0 and 1. Adaptive coding is easy to implement as it does not require codeword tables and can represent fractional codeword lengths. The encoding process involves generating a tag for each symbol based on the cumulative distribution function and then converting the tag into a binary code.

Uploaded by

Ashish Anshumali
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Arithmetic coding

Arithmetic coding is especially useful when dealing with sources with small alphabets, such as binary sources, and alphabets with highly skewed probabilities. It is also a very useful approach when, for various reasons, the modeling and coding aspects of lossless compression are to be kept separate. In arithmetic coding we use a special function called Cumulative the cumulative density function can be defined as

Density Function (CDF)

Arithmetic Coding: The Rising Star


-Replace the entire input with a single floating-point number _ Does not need the probability distribution _ Adaptive coding is very easy _ No need to keep and send codeword table _ Fractional codeword length Arithmetic coding is two step process1)Tag generation 2)generating a binary code

1)Tag generationa) tag generation for a symbol

For each a^, Txia^) will have a unique value. This value can be used as a unique tag for a^. b)tag generation for a sequenceexample-. Suppose we wish to encode the sequence 1 3 2 1. From the probability model we know that
Fx{k) = 0, k<0, F^(l) = O.8, F;,(2)=0.82, F;,(3) = 1, F^{k) = 1, k>3.

Therefore, the tag for any sequence can be computed in a sequential fashion. The only information required by the tag generation procedure is the cdf of the source, which can be obtained directly from the probability model. and the tag for the sequence 1 3 2 1 can be generated as

2)generating a binary code-only for symbol not sequence


Tag is a number in the interval [0, 1). A binary code for tag can be obtained by taking the binary representation of this number and truncating it to

Example
Consider a source A that generates letters from an alphabet of size four,

A binary code for this source can be generated as shown in Table

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