Scribd
Upload
85 views

Chapter 1-DMC 101-Basic Concepts

Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes that matter undergoes. Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass, and can exist as pure substances or mixtures. Pure substances are either elements or compounds. Elements are basic substances that cannot be broken down further, while compounds are formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements. Mixtures maintain the properties of their individual components and allow for separation of substances. Matter can also exist in three physical states of solid, liquid, or gas, and undergo physical or chemical changes that respectively alter appearance without composition changes, or transform substances into new compositions.

Uploaded by

Arivalagan Revichandran
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
85 views

Chapter 1-DMC 101-Basic Concepts

Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes that matter undergoes. Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass, and can exist as pure substances or mixtures. Pure substances are either elements or compounds. Elements are basic substances that cannot be broken down further, while compounds are formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements. Mixtures maintain the properties of their individual components and allow for separation of substances. Matter can also exist in three physical states of solid, liquid, or gas, and undergo physical or chemical changes that respectively alter appearance without composition changes, or transform substances into new compositions.

Uploaded by

Arivalagan Revichandran
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

CHAPTER 1: BASIC CONCEPTS Chemistry: "The study of the properties of materials and the changes that materials undergo"

INTRODUCTION TO MATTER 1. Matter "Matter is the physical material of the universe; it is anything that occupies space and has mass"
Audi Majdan DMC 101 KLIUC 1

Matter can be divided into pure substance or mixture

Matter
Mixture (2 or more substances)

Substance

Element

Compound (2 or more elements)

2. Substances

A pure substance has a fixed composition and unique properties. Most matter in our daily lives is not a pure substance, but a mixture of substances. Pure substances are composed of either elements or compounds. Definition: Substances which cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical means
2

2.1 Elements

Audi Majdan DMC 101 KLIUC

Basic substances for all matter Everything in the world is made up from only 109 different elements. 90% of the human body is composed of only three elements: Oxygen, Carbon and Hydrogen Example of elements: Element Carbon Fluorine Hydrogen Iodine Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorus Sulfur Aluminum Barium Calcium Chlorine Helium Abbreviation C F H I N O P S Al Ba Ca Cl He
3

Audi Majdan DMC 101 KLIUC

Magnesium Platinum Silicon Copper Iron Lead Mercury Potassium Silver Sodium Tin

Mg Pt Si Cu (from cuprum) Fe (from ferrum) Pb (from plumbum) Hg (from hydrargyrum) K (from kalium) Ag (from argentum) Na (from natrium) Sn (from stannum)

2.2 Compounds

Definition: Substance composed of two or more elements.


4

Audi Majdan DMC 101 KLIUC

United chemically in definite proportions by mass. For example: pure water is composed of the elements hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O)

3. Mixtures

Definition: combinations of two or more substances in which each substance retains its own chemical identity and hence its own properties. Heterogenous mixtures are not uniform throughout the sample and have regions of different appearance and properties Example: Mixture of water and oil

Audi Majdan DMC 101 KLIUC

Homogenous mixtures are uniform throughout the sample and individual substances retain their individual chemical and physical nature. Homogenous mixtures are also called solutions; the most common type of solution is described by a solid (the solute) dissolved in a liquid (the solvent). Example: Solution of water and sugar

Individual components of mixtures retain their physical and chemical properties. the components can be separated.
6

Audi Majdan DMC 101 KLIUC

For example: ethanol can be separated from water by using distillation process. Miscible two liquids that dissolve in one another without separating into layers Immiscible two liquids that do not mix and form into separate layers. Physical States of Matter

1. 2. 3.

Matter can exist in 3 physical states: Gas Liquid Solid Gas No fixed volume or shape - it takes the volume and shape of its container. Can be compressed or expanded to occupy different volumes. Liquid

Has a distinct volume No specific shape Takes the shape of the container
Audi Majdan DMC 101 KLIUC 7

Cannot be compressed Solid


Has a definite shape and volume Rigid Cannot be compressed

MATTER SOLID LIQUID Definite volume Definite Rigid definite volume NO definite shape NO distinct volume NO distinct shape Can be compressed GAS

Physical and Chemical Properties


Audi Majdan DMC 101 KLIUC 8

Every pure substance has a unique set of properties - characteristics which allow us to distinguish it from other substances. 2 general properties: physical and chemical.

Physical properties = properties that can be measured without changing the basic identity of the substance. Example: Colour, hardness & density. Chemical properties = properties of a substance that may change or "react" to form other substances. Example: to explode, to combust. Physical and Chemical Changes

Substances can undergo various changes in properties; either physical or chemical. Physical changes - a substance changes its physical appearance but not its basic identity. All changes of state (e.g. solid to liquid to gas) are physical changes.

Audi Majdan DMC 101 KLIUC

Audi Majdan DMC 101 KLIUC

10

Chemical changes (or chemical reactions) a substance is transformed into a chemically different substance.

Audi Majdan DMC 101 KLIUC

11

You might also like