HYDRONIC SYSTEM

J.ILANGUMARAN
 P.S.

6"Ø 6"Ø
P.S.

5"Ø 10"Ø
5"Ø 10"Ø
5"Ø 5"Ø
CONDENSER
5"Ø
5"Ø 10"Ø
10"Ø

5"Ø 5"Ø
5"Ø CONDENSER
5"Ø

10"Ø 10"Ø
10"Ø 5"Ø
5"Ø 5"Ø
5"Ø
CONDENSER

CONDENSER W ATER PUMPS

( ONE STAND BY )

HYDRONIC SYSTEM
HYDRONIC SYSTEM - BASIC COMPONENTS
EXPANSION
CHAMBER PUMPS

* CHILLERS TERMINAL UNITS

SOURCE HEAT LOAD HEAT
* HOT WATER * A.H.U.
GENERATORS * F.C.U.

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

* SOURCE * LOAD * PUMP

* DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ( PIPING NETWORK )
* EXPANSION CHAMBER
 WATER IS USED TO CARRY HEAT FROM POINT OF
GENERATION SUCH AS COOLING / HEATING COIL TO A
POINT WHERE IT CAN BE REJECTED SUCH AS
REFERIGERANT MACHINE & HOT WATER GENERATOR
COOLING & DEHUMIDIFICATION

COMPRESSOR
COIL-CHW
CHILLING MACHINE
AIR FLOW
TO SPACE

55°F CHILLED
WATER RETURN
CONDENSOR

WATER PIPE LINES 45°F CHILLED WATER SUPPLY

HEAT EXCHANGE
BETWEEN CHILLED
HEAT REJECTED TO WATER & AIR
REFRIGERANT
ie. AT COOLER TERMINAL UNITS
* AHU'S
* FCU'S
 HEATING - HOT WATER & COIL
HOT WATER SUPPLY

HEATING COIL

AIR FLOW
TO SPACE

HOT WATER SUPPLY

100°F 120°F
HOT WATER
GENERATOR 100°F
HOT WATER RETURN PIPE

HEAT REJECTED TO HEAT EXCHANGE

BETWEEN HOT
ELECTRIC HEATERS WATER & AIR

TERMINAL UNITS
* AHU'S * FCU'S
 AIR OUT
COOLING
TOWER

COMPRESSOR

CONDENSOR

AIR IN CONDENSOR
WATER RETURN
CHILLING MACHINE

CONDENSOR WATER PIPE LINES

WATER SUPPLY
HEAT OF REFRIGERANT

CONDENSATION REJECTED HEAT TRANSFER

TO COOLING TOWER BETWEEN REFRIGERANT
ie. ATMOSPHERE AND WATER

WATER IS USED TO CONDENSE THE REFERIGERANT TO

LIQUID. IT THUS TRANSPORTS THE HEAT OF
CONDENSATION TO COOLING TOWER FOR REJECTION
TO ATMOSPHERE
 DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

MECHANICAL
SOURCE - WATER IS USED AS
GENERATION OF
PLANT ROOM
HIGH SIDE
COOLING/HEATING
A CARRIER OF HEAT,
LOW SIDE IT IS THE COOLANT
CHILLED WATER
F.C.U. F.C.U. SUPPLY OR COOLING
F.C.U. F.C.U. CHILLED WATER

F.C.U. F.C.U.
RETURN MEDIUM.
F.C.U. F.C.U. IT TRANSPORTS THE
BLOCK A
F.C.U. F.C.U. AHU

F.C.U. F.C.U.
SPACE HEAT TO
DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
F.C.U. F.C.U. CHILLING MACHINE.
F.C.U. F.C.U. BLOCK B
AHU
WATER IS A
L SECONDARY
L

AHU
L REFERIGERANT
BLOCK D
BLOCK C

AHU
 CHILLER FLOW RATE
HEAT CARRYING CAPACITY OF PIPING
Q = MASS FLOW RATE x SP. HEAT x TEMP.
RANGE
Q BTU/HR = GALLONS/MINUTE x 8.33
POUND/GALLON x 60 x 1 x ∆ T0 F
= GALLON/MINUTE x 500 x ∆ T0 F
∆ T0 F = BTU/HR PER GPM, FLOW RATE
8 = 4000
3.0 GPM / TR.
10 = 5000
2.4 GPM / TR.
15 = 7500
20 = 10,000
CLOSED RECIRCULATING TYPE
STATIC HS = STATIC HD
ATMOSPHERIC
PRESSURE THERE IS NO UNBALANCED
EXPANSION
TANK STATIC HEAD.
EVEN WHEN PUMP IS NOT IN
OPERATION, THE ENTIRE
PIPING IS FILLED WITH
WATER
CHILLED WATER
SUPPLY THE PRESSURE AT THE
HIGHEST POINT =
TERMINAL
UNITS SYSTEM PRESSURE + STATIC
CHILLED
WATER HEIGHT & LIQUID
COOLER
RETURN
(EXPANSION TANK WATER
44°F PUMP 54°F LEVEL )
 DIRECT RETURN
D
E
AHU / FCU
10 FT 10 FT

C
F
AHU / FCU
10 FT 10 FT

B
G
AHU / FCU
10 FT 10 FT
PUMP

A COOLER H

40 FT

PARALLEL PATHS
- A-B-G-H ( 100 FT. ) SHORTEST PATH
- A-B-C-F-G-H (120 FT.)
- A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H ( 140 FT. ) LONGEST PATH

SEAMLESS IS EXPENSIVE & HENCE NOT USED
GENERALLY FOR HVAC SYSTEM

FOR CHILLED & CONDENSER WATER PIPING

ERW CLASS -C, PIPES ARE USED

 CLASS A IS NEVER USED

FOR DRAINS ERW CLASS ‘B’ GI PIPE IS USED

 CONTROL VALVES
 CONTROL VALVES ARE USED ACROSS THE
COOLING / HEATING COILS FOR VARYING
WATER FLOW IN RESPONSE TO CHANGING
LOAD.

 TYPES 3 WAY MOTORISED - MIXING

3 WAY MOTORISED - DIVERTING
2 WAY MOTORISED
3 WAY VALVES ARE USED FOR CONSTANT
PUMPING SYSTEM, WHILE 2 WAY VALVES ARE
USED FOR VARIABLE PUMPING SYSTEM.
3 WAY MOTORISED MIXING VALVE
CHW / HOT
WATER IN

COIL

B
CHW / HOT
AB A
WATER OUT

MOSTLY USED IN RETURN LINE OF COOLING /

HEATING COILS. THERE ARE TWO INLETS AND ONE
OUTLET. THE PORT DESIGN IS SUCH THAT IT
CANNOT BE USED IN PLACE OF DIVERTING VALVE.
FLOW VARIES THROUGH THE COIL. THE TOTAL
FLOW REMAINS REMAINS SAME.
3 WAY MOTORISED DIVERTING VALVE
CHW / HOT
AB A
WATER IN
B

COIL

CHW / HOT
WATER OUT

THERE IS ONE INLET AND TWO OUTLETS. THE

PORT DESIGN IS SUCH THAT IT CAN BE USED IN
PLACE OF MIXING VALVE. DIVERTING VALVES
ARE EXPENSIVE AND ARE NOT COMMONLY
USED.
 EXPAN.
TANK

AHU AHU AHU

4000 CFM 4000 CFM 4000 CFM

4"Ø 8"Ø 8"Ø

8"Ø 4"Ø 8"Ø

4"Ø 8"Ø 4"Ø
CHILLER

4"Ø
4"Ø 8"Ø 4"Ø

4"Ø
8"Ø CHILLER 4"Ø
4"Ø

4"Ø 8"Ø 4"Ø 8"Ø

4"Ø
4"Ø
CHILLER

FLOW RATE / MACHINE = 1226 LPM 3 NOS. CHILLED WATER PUMP

WATER TEMPERATURE IN = 53°F ( 11.6 °C ) ( ONE STAND BY )
WATER TEMPERATURE OUT = 45°F ( 7.2°C )

CHILLED WATER FLOW DIAGRAM

 P.S.

6"Ø 6"Ø
P.S.

5"Ø 10"Ø
5"Ø 10"Ø
5"Ø 5"Ø
CONDENSER
5"Ø
5"Ø 10"Ø
10"Ø

5"Ø 5"Ø
5"Ø CONDENSER
5"Ø

10"Ø 10"Ø
10"Ø 5"Ø
5"Ø 5"Ø
5"Ø
CONDENSER

CONDENSER WATER PUMPS

( ONE STAND BY )

CONDENSER WATER FLOW DIAGRAM

END