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Fourier Series 2

The document discusses Fourier series for functions with an arbitrary period p=2L. It states that the previous Fourier series formulas can be used by making the change of variable x=(π/L)x. It also discusses even and odd functions, and explains that the Fourier series of an even function f(x) is a Fourier cosine series, while the Fourier series of an odd function g(x) is a Fourier sine series.

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357 views

Fourier Series 2

The document discusses Fourier series for functions with an arbitrary period p=2L. It states that the previous Fourier series formulas can be used by making the change of variable x=(π/L)x. It also discusses even and odd functions, and explains that the Fourier series of an even function f(x) is a Fourier cosine series, while the Fourier series of an odd function g(x) is a Fourier sine series.

Uploaded by

satbir2008
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fourier series of function with arbitrary period p=2L

Instead of a period of 2, many functions have an arbitrary period, say a period of 2L. In order to convert the Fourier series defined earlier for these functions, a change of variable is needed: Replace the variable x by (/L)x: when x=L the new variable equals to ; when x= -L, it equals to - . Therefore, the previous formulas can be used by simply making the change n n f ( x ) a0 [an cos( x ) bn sin( x )] L L n 1 1 L a0 L f ( x)dx, 2L 1 L n x an f ( x ) cos( )dx, n 1, 2 L L L 1 L n x bn f ( x )sin( )dx, n 1, 2 L L L

Even and Odd Functions


A function f(x) is even when f(x) = f(-x) On the other hand, if f(x) = -f(-x), the function is an odd function. An even function f(x) An odd function f(x)

Ex: cos(x)

Ex: sin(x)

If f(x) is an even function

-L

f(x)dx
0 L

f ( x )dx f ( x )dx f ( x )d ( x ) f ( x )dx


0 L 0 L L 0 0

f ( x )dx f ( x )dx 2 f ( x )dx If f(x) is an odd function, then

-L

f ( x )dx
0 L

L L

f ( x )dx f ( x )dx f ( x )d ( x ) f ( x )dx


0 L 0

f ( x )dx f ( x )dx 0
0

If f(x) is even and g(x) is odd, then h(x)=f(x)g(x) is an odd function h(x)=f(x)g(x)=f(-x)[-g(-x)]=-[f(-x)g(-x)]=-h(-x)

Fourier cosine and sine series


The Fourier series of an even function f(x) of period 2L is a "Fourier cosine series" n f ( x ) a0 [an cos( x )] L n 1
n n f ( x ) a0 [an cos( x )] a0 [an cos( x )] f ( x ) L L n 1 n 1 The Fourier series of an odd function g(x) of period 2L is

a "Fourier sine series" n g ( x ) [bn sin( x )] L n 1


n n g ( x ) [bn sin( x )] [bn sin( x )] g ( x ) L L n 1 n 1

Half Range Expansion


Expansion is useful when a function is defined only on a given interval, say between 0 and L. This situation is very common in real life: For example, the vibration of a guitar string occurs only between its bridge and tension peg.

expansion

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