Managing the Oracle Instance

Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Objectives

After completing this lesson, you should be able to do the following: Start and stop the Oracle database and components Use Enterprise Manager (EM) Access a database with SQL*Plus and iSQL*Plus Modify database initialization parameters Describe the stages of database startup Describe the database shutdown options View the alert log Access dynamic performance views
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Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Management Framework

The three components of the Oracle Database 10g management framework are: Database instance Listener Management interface

> Components SQL*Plus Init Params DB Startup DB Shutdown Alert Log Perf Views

Database Control Management agent (when using Grid Control)

Management agent

-or-

Database Control Management interface

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Listener

Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Starting and Stopping Database Control

$ emctl start dbconsole TZ set to US/Pacific Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Database Control Release 10.2.0.1.0 Copyright (c) 1996, 2005 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. http://edrsr9p1.us.oracle.com:1158/em/console/aboutApplication Starting Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Database Control ............. started. -----------------------------------------------------------------Logs are generated in directory /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/edrsr9p1.us.oracle.com_orcl/sys man/log

$ emctl stop dbconsole TZ set to US/Pacific Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Database Control Release 10.2.0.1.0 Copyright (c) 1996, 2005 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. http://edrsr9p1.us.oracle.com:1158/em/console/aboutApplication Stopping Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Database Control ... ... Stopped.

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Oracle Enterprise Manager

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Accessing Oracle Enterprise Manager

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Database Home Page

Property pages

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Using SQL*Plus and iSQL*Plus to Access Your Database

SQL*Plus and iSQL*Plus provide additional interfaces to your database to: Perform database management operations Execute SQL commands to query, insert, update, and delete data in your database

Components > SQL*Plus Init Params DB Startup DB Shutdown Alert Log Perf Views

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Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Using iSQL*Plus
1

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Setting Up iSQL*Plus for SYSDBA and SYSOPER Access

For a user to login to iSQL*Plus as SYSDBA or SYSOPER you must set up the user in the OC4J user manager by performing the following steps: 1. Create a user 2. Grant the webDba role to the user
$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/oc4j/j2ee/isqlplus/\ > application-deployments/isqlplus $JAVA_HOME/bin/java \ > -Djava.security.properties=\ > $ORACLE_HOME/oc4j/j2ee/home/config/jazn.security.props \ > -jar $ORACLE_HOME/oc4j/j2ee/home/jazn.jar \ > -user "iSQL*Plus DBA/admin" -password welcome -shell JAZN> adduser "iSQL*Plus DBA" username password JAZN> grantrole webDba "iSQL*Plus DBA" username

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Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Using SQL*Plus
SQL*Plus is: A command-line tool Used interactively or in batch mode
$ sqlplus hr/hr SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Jul 25 12:37:21 2005 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options SQL> select last_name from employees; LAST_NAME ------------------------Abel Ande Atkinson
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Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Calling SQL*Plus from a Shell Script

$ ./batch_sqlplus.sh SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Jul 25 12:47:44 2005 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options # Name of this file: batch_sqlplus.sh SQL> # Count employees and give raise. COUNT(*) sqlplus hr/hr <<EOF ---------select count(*) from employees; 107 update employees set salary = SQL> salary*1.10; 107 rows updated. commit; SQL> quit Commit complete. EOF SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release exit 10.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options [oracle@EDRSR9P1 oracle]$

Output

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Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Calling a SQL Script from SQL*Plus

script.sql
select * from departments where location_id = 1400; quit

Output
$ sqlplus hr/hr @script.sql SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Jul 25 12:57:02 2005 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options DEPARTMENT_ID DEPARTMENT_NAME MANAGER_ID LOCATION_ID ------------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------60 IT 103 1400 Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options $
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Initialization Parameter Files

Components SQL*Plus > Init Params DB Startup DB Shutdown Alert Log Perf Views

spfileorcl.ora

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Simplified Initialization Parameters

Basic

Advanced

CONTROL_FILES DB_BLOCK_SIZE PROCESSES UNDO_MANAGEMENT

DB_CACHE_SIZE DB_FILE_MULTIBLOCK _READ_COUNT SHARED_POOL_SIZE

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Viewing and Modifying Initialization Parameters

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Database Startup and Shutdown

Components SQL*Plus Init Params > DB Startup DB Shutdown Alert Log Perf Views

or

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Starting Up an Oracle Database Instance

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Starting Up an Oracle Database Instance: NOMOUNT

OPEN STARTUP MOUNT

NOMOUNT

Instance started
SHUTDOWN

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Starting Up an Oracle Database Instance: MOUNT

OPEN STARTUP MOUNT Control file opened for this instance

NOMOUNT

Instance started
SHUTDOWN

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Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Starting Up an Oracle Database Instance: OPEN

OPEN STARTUP MOUNT All files opened as described by the control file for this instance

NOMOUNT

Control file opened for this instance

Instance started
SHUTDOWN

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Shutting Down an Oracle Database Instance

Components SQL*Plus Init Params DB Startup > DB Shutdown Alert Log Perf Views

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Shutdown Modes
Shutdown Mode Allows new connections Waits until current sessions end Waits until current transactions end A No No No I No No No T No No Yes N No Yes Yes

Forces a checkpoint and closes files

No

Yes Yes

Yes

Shutdown mode: A = ABORT I = IMMEDIATE T = TRANSACTIONAL N = NORMAL

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Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

SHUTDOWN Options
On the way down: Uncommitted changes rolled back, for IMMEDIATE Database buffer cache written to data files Resources released
During SHUTDOWN NORMAL or SHUTDOWN TRANSACTIONAL or SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE

On the way up: No instance recovery

Consistent database (clean database)

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Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

SHUTDOWN Options
On the way down: Modified buffers not written to data files Uncommitted changes not rolled back On the way up: Online redo SHUTDOWN ABORT log files used or to reapply Instance failure changes or STARTUP FORCE Undo segments used to roll back uncommitted changes Resources Inconsistent database released (dirty database)
During

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Using SQL*Plus to Start Up and Shut Down

[oracle@EDRSR9P1 oracle]$ sqlplus dba1/oracle as sysdba SQL> shutdown immediate Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area Fixed Size Variable Size Database Buffers Redo Buffers Database mounted. Database opened. SQL> 285212672 1218472 250177624 33554432 262144 bytes bytes bytes bytes bytes

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Viewing the Alert Log

Database Home page > Related Links region > Alert Log Content

Components SQL*Plus Init Params DB Startup DB Shutdown > Alert Log Perf Views

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Viewing the Alert History

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Dynamic Performance Views

Dynamic performance views provide access to information about changing states and conditions in the database.

Components SQL*Plus Init Params DB Startup DB Shutdown Alert Log > Perf Views

Session data Wait events Memory allocations Running SQL UNDO usage Open cursors Redo log usage And so on

Oracle instance

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Dynamic Performance Views: Usage Examples

a

SQL> SELECT sql_text, executions FROM v$sql WHERE cpu_time > 200000;

SQL> SELECT * FROM v$session WHERE machine = 'EDRSR9P1' and logon_time > SYSDATE - 1;

SQL> SELECT sid, ctime FROM v$lock WHERE block > 0;

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Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Dynamic Performance Views: Considerations

These views are owned by the SYS user. Different views are available at different times:
The instance has been started. The database is mounted. The database is open.

You can query V$FIXED_TABLE to see all the view names. These views are often referred to as v-dollar views. Read consistency is not guaranteed on these views because the data is dynamic.

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Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Summary

In this lesson, you should have learned how to: Start and stop the Oracle database and components Use Enterprise Manager and describe its highlevel functionality Access a database with SQL*Plus and iSQL*Plus Modify database initialization parameters Describe the stages of database startup Describe the database shutdown options View the alert log Access dynamic performance views
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Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Practice Overview: Managing the Oracle Instance

This practice covers the following topics: Navigating in Enterprise Manager Viewing and modifying initialization parameters Stopping and starting the database instance Viewing the alert log Connecting to the database by using SQL*Plus and iSQL*Plus

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Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.