OPTICAL SENSORS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

PRESENTED BY GAURAV PURI ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING SUNY AT BUFFALO [email protected]

TOPICS INCLUDED IN THIS PRESENTATION

INTRODUCTION WHY

OPTICAL SENSORS ? PRINCIPLE OF OPTICAL SENSORS CLASSIFICATION AND COMPARISON SOME INTERESTING APPLICATIONS WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE ?

INTRODUCTION
NEW

REVOLUTION OF OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS IT IS A SPIN-OFF FROM OTHER OPTICAL TECHNOLOGIES SEEING THE POTENTIAL IN SENSING APPLICATIONS DEVELOPED AS ITS OWN FIELD

WHY OPTICAL SENSORS

ELECTROMAGNETIC

IMMUNITY ELECTRICAL ISOLATION COMPACT AND LIGHT BOTH POINT AND DISTRIBUTED CONFIGURATION WIDE DYNAMIC RANGE AMENABLE TO MULTIPLEXING

OPTICAL SENSOR MEASURANDS TEMPERATURE CHEMICAL

SPECIES FORCE RADIATION pH STRAIN VELOCITY ELECTRIC FIELDS PRESSURE FLOW LIQUID LEVEL VIBRATION ROTATION MAGNETIC FIELDS

DISPLACEMENT HUMIDITY

ACCELERATION ACOUSTIC FIELDS

WORKING PRINCIPLE

LIGHT BEAM CHANGES BY THE PHENOMENA THAT IS BEING MEASURED LIGHT MAY CHANGE IN ITS FIVE OPTICAL PROPERTIES i.e INTENSITY, PHASE, 6 POLARIZATION,WAVELENGTH

SENSING DETAILS
EP(t)cos[t+(t)]

INTENSITY BASED SENSORS EP (t) FREQUENCY VARYING SENSORS - P(t) PHASE MODULATING SENSING- (t) POLARIZATION MODULATING FIBER SENSING

CLASSIFICATION

EXTRINSIC SENSORS

WHERE THE LIGHT LEAVES THE FEED OR TRANSMITTING FIBER TO BE CHANGED BEFO IT CONTINUES TO THE DETECTOR BY MEAN OF THE RETURN OR RECEIVING FIBER
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CLASSIFICATION (contd.)

INTRINSIC SENSORS

INTRINSIC SENSORS ARE DIFFERENT IN THAT THE LIGHT BEAM DOES NOT LEAVE THE OPTICAL FIBER BUT IS CHANGED WHILST STILL CONTAINED WITHIN
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COMPARISON OF THE TWO TYPES

EXTRINSIC
APPLICATIONS-

INTRINSIC
APPLICATIONS-

TEMPERATURE, ROTATION, ACCELERATION, PRESSURE,LIQUID LEVEL STRAIN, ACOUSTIC AND FLOW. PRESSURE AND VIBRATION. LESS SENSITIVE MORE SENSITIVE EASILY MULTIPLEXED TOUGHER TO MULTIPLEX INGRESS/ EGRESS CONNECTION PROBLEMS REDUCES CONNECTION PROBLEMS EASIER TO USE MORE ELABORATE LESS EXPENSIVE SIGNAL DEMODULATION MORE EXPENSIVE

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SENSOR TYPES
CHEMICAL SENSORS

REMOTE SPECTROSCOPY GROUNDWATER AND SOIL CONTAMINATION MAJOR PLAYERS IN CHEMICAL SENSORS
1) PHARMACIA BIOTECH (SWEDEN) 2) FIBERCHEM 3) THE QUANTUM GROUP

TEMPERATURE SENSORS

LARGEST COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE SENSORS RANGE -40 deg C TO 1000 deg C US-SMALL COMPANIES, JAPAN- HITACHI n SUMITOMO

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STRAIN SENSORS
FIBER BRAGG GRATINGS (FBG) TECHNOLOGY SENSES AS LITTLE AS 9 MICROSTRAIN NRL and UNITED TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH

BIOMEDICAL SENSORS
SPECTROSCOPIC BIOMEDICAL SENSORS CO 2 , O 2 and pH CAN BE MEASURED SIMULTANEOUSLY FLOW MONITORING BY LASER DOPPLERIMETRY

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FIBERS OPTHALMOLOGIC APPLICATION

ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC SENSORS

APPEALING- INHERENT DIELECTRIC NATURE LESS SENSITIVE TO ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE SMALL SIZE AND SAFER THEY ARE ALMOST ALWAYS HYBRID ABB CORPORATION RESEARCH CENTER

ROTATION SENSOR

BASED ON THE SAGNAC EFFECT

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TWO TYPES RING LASER GYROSCOPE (RLG) AND FIBER OPTIC GYROSCOPE (FOG) US COMPANIES PURSUING HIGH PERFORMANCE FOGs (HONEYWELL, LITTON, NORTHRUP, ALLIED SIGNAL etc.)

PRESSURE SENSORS
EARLIER BASED ON PIEZORESISTIVE TECHNIQUE BASED ON MOVABLE DIAPHRAGM HIGH PERFORMANCE- (POLARIZATION BASED SENSORS) OPERATING PRESSURE RANGES FROM 070,000 torr

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DISPLACEMENT AND POSITION SENSORS

ONE OF THE FIRST OPTOELECTRONIC SENSORS TO BE DEVELOPED. SIMPLE SENSORS RELY ON THE CHANGE IN RETROREFLECTANCE DUE TO A PROXIMAL MIRROR SURFACE ALSO REFERRED AS LIQUID LEVEL SENSORS

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APPLICATIONS

MILITARY AND LAW ENFORCEMENT

THIS SENSOR ENABLES LOW LIGHT IMAGING AT TV FRAME RATES AND ABOVE WITHOUT THE LIMITATIONS OF VACUM T BASED SYSTEMS.
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NIGHT VISION CAMERA (contd.)

COMPRISES OF : AMPLIFIED CCD SENSOR ANTI BLOOMING TECHNOLOGY CRYSTAL POLYMER SHUTTER ADVANTAGES : EXCEPTIONAL DAY LIGHT RESOLN. IMMUNE TO OVER EXPOSURE VERY HIGH CONTARAST LEVELS

NO HALOING OR SCINTILLATIONS
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BIOMETRICS
YOUR FACE, FINGERS AND EYES IN A WHOLE NEW LIGHT

IMAGE CAPTURE

IMAGE PROCESSING FEATURE EXTRACTION FEATURE COMPARISON

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PARTIAL DISCHARGE DETECTION USES OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS

OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS ARE BEING TESTED FOR USE IN DETECTING PARTIAL DISCHARGES IN ELECTRICAL TRANSFORMERS. PINPOINTING SUCH DISCHARGES IS ESSENTIAL TO PREVENTING INSULATION BREAKDOWN AND CATASTROPHIC FAILURES.

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LETS TAKE A LOOK AT THE CHRONOLOGY OF OPTICAL SENSORS

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PUBLICATION AND PATENT TRENDS

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GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGIN OF PUBLICATIONS

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GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGIN OF OPTICAL SENSOR PATENTS

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CONCLUSIONS
LOOKING AT THE INDUSTRY TRENDS IN THE PAST 2 DECADES AND THE EXPONENTIAL CURVE IT SEEMS TO ME THAT THERE IS GOING TO BE A LOT OF RESEARCH AND IMPROVEMENTS TO THE EXISTING SENSORS OPTICAL SENSORS ARE HERE TO STAY !!!!
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QUESTIONS ??

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REFERENCES

Optical Sensor Technologies www.wtec.org/loyola/opto/c6_s3.html Measuring with LIGHT www.sensorsmag.com/articles/0500/26main.html Optical Fiber Sensors www.ul.ie/elements/Issue6/Optical%20Fibre%20Sensors.ht Partial Discharge Detection http://www.photonics.com/spectra/applications/XQ/ASP/aoa Military and Law Enforcement http://www.militaryandlaw.com.au/products/l3vision.php

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Pockels Effect www.scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/Pocke Distinctive advantages give optical sensors the edge over conventional systems www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/ 200308/ti-dag081303.php

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENCE AND TIME

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