What is Information

Technology?
What is Information Technology

 Fusion of Computer Technology and

Communication Technology

 Computer Technology
 programmable, multiuse machine that accepts
data and processes it into usable information
 summaries, totals, or reports

 used to speed up problem solving and increase

productivity.
What is Information Technology

 Communication Technology
 consists of electromagnetic/optical devices
and systems for communicating over long
distances

 InfoTech or IT is any technology that helps to

produce, manipulate, store, communicate,
and/or disseminate information
 merges computing with high-speed
communication links, carrying data, sound, and
video
Some examples of IT

 Image Morphing
 changing (or morphing) one image into another
through a seamless transition
 Image Morphing?
 Turbo Teen
Some examples of IT

 Video Conferencing
Information Systems
 Why Do People Need
Information?

 Businesses - Decision making,

problem solving and control

 Individuals - Entertainment and

enlightenment
 Data, Information and Systems
 Data vs. Information

 Data
 A “given,” or fact; a number, a statement, or a
picture
 Represents something in the real world
 The raw materials in the production of information

 Information
 Data that have meaning within a context
 Data in relationships
 Data after manipulation
The Computer Defined
 A device that computes

 Electronic device

 Converts data into information

 Modern computers are digital

 Two digits combine to make data (1s and 0s)

 Older computers were analog

 A range of values made data

Computers For Individual Use
 Desktop computers
 The most common type of computer
 Sits on the desk or floor
 Performs a variety of tasks
 Workstations
 Specialized computers
 Optimized for science or graphics
 More powerful than a desktop
Computers For Individual Use
 Notebook computers
 Small portable computers
 Weighs between 3 and 8 pounds
 About 8 ½ by 11 inches
 Typically as powerful as a desktop
 Computers For Individual Use
 Tablet computers
 Newest development
in portable computers
 Input is through
a pen
 Run specialized versions
of office products
Contd…
 Handheld computers
 Very small computers
 Personal Digital Assistants (PDA)
 Note taking or contact management
 Data can synchronize with a
desktop
 Smart phones
 Hybrid of cell phone and PDA
 Web surfing, e-mail access
Smart Phone: Black Berry
 Features
 Phone
 Internet (Email, Browsing)
 Camera
 Video Recording
Computers For Organizations
 Network servers
 Centralized computer
 All other computers connect
 Provides access to network resources
 Multiple servers are called server farms
 Often simply a powerful desktop
Computers For Organizations
 Mainframes
 Used in large organizations
 Handle thousands
of users
 Users access
through a terminal
 Dumb Terminal
 Intelligent Terminal
Computers For Organizations
 Minicomputers
 Called midrange computers
 Power between mainframe and desktop
 Handle hundreds of users
 Used in smaller organizations
 Users access through a terminal
Computers For Organizations
 Supercomputers
 The most powerful
computers made
 Handle large and
complex calculations
 Process trillions of
operations per second
 Found in research
organizations
Specialized Computers
 Microcontrollers
 also called embedded computers.
 tiny, specialized microprocessors
installed in “smart” appliances and
automobiles.
Computers Everywhere
 Not just Desktops, Workstations, Tablet
PCs, Handheld PCs (PDAs), Servers,
Mainframe computers, Minicomputers
 But also…
 Cell phones
 Alarm Clocks
 Microwave Ovens
 Lighting control in a building
 Washing Machines
Computers In Society
 More impact than any other invention
 Changed work and leisure activities
 Used by all demographic groups
 Computers are important because:
 Provide information to users
 Information is critical to our society
 Managing information is difficult
Assignment 1
 Generate a list of ways the
computer/IT has impacted the world.
 Include both positive changes and
negative changes.
Communication Defined
 Communication: To transfer data/information from
one point to another
 Using Wires
 Electrical Signals
 Optical Signals (Light)
 Wirelessly
 ElectroMagnetic Waves
 Acoustic Waves (Sound)
 Using Analog Signals
 Using Digital Signals
 Data, Information and Systems

 Data Manipulation

 Example: customer survey

 Reading through data collected from a
customer survey with questions in various
categories would be time-consuming and
not very helpful.
 When manipulated, the surveys may
provide useful information.
Data, Information and Systems
 Generating Information
 Computer-based ISs take data as raw material,
process it, and produce information as output.

Input-process-output
Data, Information and Systems

Characteristics of useful information

Data, Information and Systems
 What Is a System?
 System: A set of components that work together to
achieve a common goal

 Subsystem: One part of a system where the products

of more than one system are combined to reach an
ultimate goal

 Closed system: Stand-alone system that has no

contact with other systems

 Open system: System that interfaces with other

systems
Data, Information and Systems

Several subsystems make up this corporate accounting system.

Data, Information and Systems

Qualities of humans and computers that contribute to synergy

What is Processing?
 Conversion of Data into Information
 Data
 The raw facts and figures that are
processed into information
 Information
 Data that has been summarized or
otherwise manipulated for use in
decision making
Types of Data

 Numeric
 Record Daily Milk Expenses
 Sun 20 Rs
 Mon 30 Rs
 Tues 35 Rs
 Wed 23 Rs
 Thurs 34 Rs
 Fri 50 Rs
 Sat 30 Rs
Types of Data

 Numeric
 Processing Data
 Finding Weekly expenditure on Milk
 Finding a Daily Average of milk expenditure

20,30,35,23,
Find Total/Average 222/31.7
34,50,30
Types of Data

 Text
 Raw:

 Processed (1): Formatted

 Processed (2): Words arranged alphabetically

Types of Data

 Image
 Raw

 Processed
Types of Data

 Image
 Other Examples
 Fingerprint Recognition
 Arrangement of your photo albums on PC
Types of Data

 Audio
 Raw: Conversation between people in
cockpit of aircraft and Flight Controller
recorded in Black box
 Processed: In case of air crash, the
recorded audio will be converted to
digital form, background noise will be
removed, and the clarity of speech will
be improved to assist investigators
Types of Data

 Video
 Raw: Old Black and White movies
 Processed: Black and white movie made
colored

 Raw: Any Video in foreign language

 Processed: Dub it in Urdu
Related IT terms
 What is a Network?
 communications system connecting two or more
computers with/without wires

 What does being online mean?

 using a computer or other information device,
connected through a voice or data network, to access
information and services from another computer or
information device
Contd…
 Cyberspace
 encompasses the whole wired and wireless world of
communications
 The Internet
 the “network of all networks”
 Multimedia
 technology that presents information in more than one
medium, such as text, still images, moving images, and
sound
 World Wide Web
 “graphical side of the Internet”
 global network of linked documents on the Internet
Contd…
 The E-word ; E Stands for Electronic
 E-mail

 E-learning

 E-business

 E-commerce

 E-government
Where Is Information Technology Headed?
Three Directions of Computer Development

 Miniaturization

 Speed

 Affordability

Then Now
 Where Is Information Technology Headed?
Three Directions of Communication
Development

 Connectivity

 Interactivity

 Multimedia Auto PC

Image Courtesy:
http://blog.wired.com/cars/images/2007/05/31/telematics.jpg
 When Computers & Communications Combine:

 Convergence

 Portability

 Personalization

Image courtesy: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wearable_computer

Assignment 2
 What should be the next
Technology?
 What can be the applications of
that technology?
 Your own ideas/thoughts