Notes Hearing Range Electromagnetic Spectrum Light Infrared Ultraviolet Radio X-Rays Bandwidth Spectrum Allocation
Notes Hearing Range Electromagnetic Spectrum Light Infrared Ultraviolet Radio X-Rays Bandwidth Spectrum Allocation
Frequency range
Many systems are characterized by the range of frequencies to which they respond.
Musical instruments produce different ranges of notes within the hearing range.
The electromagnetic spectrum can be divided into many different ranges such as
visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation, radio waves, X-rays and so on, and each of
these ranges can in turn be divided into smaller ranges. A radio communications signal
must occupy a range of frequencies carrying most of its energy, called its bandwidth.
Allocation of radio frequency ranges to different uses is a major function of radio spectrum
allocation.
The frequency range of a system is the range over which is is considered to provide a
useful level of signal with acceptable distortion characteristics. A listing of the upper and
lower limits of frequency
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http://www.phy.mtu.edu/~suits/notefreqs.html
E2 82.41 419.
F2 87.31 395.
F 2/Gb2
#
92.50 373.
G2 98.00 352.
G 2/Ab2
#
103.83 332.
A2 110.00 314.
A#2/Bb2 116.54 296.
B2 123.47 279.
C3 130.81 264.
C 3/Db3
#
138.59 249.
D3 146.83 235.
D 3/Eb3
#
155.56 222.
E3 164.81 209.
F3 174.61 198.
F 3/Gb3
#
185.00 186.
G3 196.00 176.
G 3/Ab3
#
207.65 166.
A3 220.00 157.
A#3/Bb3 233.08 148.
B3 246.94 140.
C4 261.63 132.
C 4/Db4
#
277.18 124.
D4 293.66 117.
D#4/Eb4 311.13 111.
E4 329.63 105.
F4 349.23 98.8
F 4/Gb4
#
369.99 93.2
G4 392.00 88.0
G 4/Ab4
#
415.30 83.1
A4 440.00 78.4
A 4/Bb4
#
466.16 74.0
B4 493.88 69.9
C5 523.25 65.9
C 5/Db5
#
554.37 62.2
D5 587.33 58.7
D#5/Eb5 622.25 55.4
E5 659.26 52.3
F5 698.46 49.4
F 5/Gb5
#
739.99 46.6
G5 783.99 44.0
G 5/Ab5
#
830.61 41.5
A5 880.00 39.2
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The basic formula for the frequencies of the notes of the equal tempered scale is
given by
fn = f0 * (a)n
where
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f0 = the frequency of one fixed note which must be defined. A common choice is
setting the A above middle C (A4) at f0 = 440 Hz.
n = the number of half steps away from the fixed note you are. If you are at a higher
note, n is positive. If you are on a lower note, n is negative.
fn = the frequency of the note n half steps away.
a = (2)1/12 = the twelth root of 2 = the number which when multiplied by itself 12
times equals 2 = 1.059463094359...
C5 = the C an octave above middle C. This is 3 half steps above A 4 and so the
frequency is
f3 = 440 * (1.059463..)3 = 523.3 Hz
If your calculator does not have the ability to raise to powers, then use the fact that
(1.059463..)3 = (1.059463..)*(1.059463..)*(1.059463..)
That is, you multiply it by itself 3 times.