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Database

A database index is similar to a book index, with an ordered list of values from one or more table columns along with pointers to the corresponding data rows. Normalization divides a database into tables and establishes relationships between them to reduce data redundancy and improve query performance. It involves normalizing tables to first, second, and third normal forms. De-normalization adds redundancy to optimize performance by moving to lower forms of normalization and avoiding complex joins.

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Karthika Aedunutula
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59 views

Database

A database index is similar to a book index, with an ordered list of values from one or more table columns along with pointers to the corresponding data rows. Normalization divides a database into tables and establishes relationships between them to reduce data redundancy and improve query performance. It involves normalizing tables to first, second, and third normal forms. De-normalization adds redundancy to optimize performance by moving to lower forms of normalization and avoiding complex joins.

Uploaded by

Karthika Aedunutula
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A database index is very much like the index in a book:

the book index has an alphabetized list of topics with page numbers to the location of the data.

A database index has an ordered list of values (made up of one or more table columns), with pointers to the row in
which the value and its corresponding data reside

Normalization

 It is the process of organizing data into related table.


 To normalize database, we divide database into tables and establish relationships between the tables.
 It reduces redundancy. It is done to improve performance of query.

Steps of normalization:

First Normal form


Entities of the table must have unique identifier or entity key.
Second Normal Form
All the attributes of the table must depend on the entity key for that entity.
Third Normal Form
All attributes that are not part of the key must not depend on any other non-key attributes.

Advanced

BCNF : Every determinant is a candidate key


4NF: A relation is said to be in 4NF if it does not contain multivalued dependencies
5NF - Domain key normal f orm - if any of the remaining anomalies have been removed

De-normalization

The process of adding redundant data to get rid of complex join, in order to optimize database performance.
This is done to speed up database access by moving from higher to lower form of normalization.

Backup: in a daily basis differential back up / whole backup . I also participated in few

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