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FUNCTIONS & FORMULAE

AND

What Does It Do?

This function tests two or more conditions to see if they are all true.
It can be used to test that a series of numbers meet certain conditions.
It can be used to test that a number or a date falls between an upper and lower limit.
Normally the AND() function would be used in conjunction with a function such as =IF().

Syntax
=AND(Test1,Test2)
Note that there can be up to 30 possible tests.

Formatting
When used by itself it will show TRUE or FALSE.

Count
What Does It Do ?
This function counts the number of numeric entries in a list.
It will ignore blanks, text and errors.

Syntax
=COUNT(Range1,Range2,Range3... through to Range30)

Formatting
No special formatting is needed.

CountIf
What Does It Do ?
This function counts the number of cells within a range that meet the given criteria
It will ignore blanks, text and errors.

Syntax
=COUNT(Range,criteria)

Formatting
No special formatting is needed.

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Date
This function creates a real date by using three normal numbers typed into separate cells.

Syntax
=DATE(year,month,day)

Formatting
The result will normally be displayed in the dd/mm/yy format.
By using the Format,Cells,Number,Date command the format can be changed.

Day
What Does It Do?
This function extracts the day of the month from a complete date.

Syntax
=DAY(value)

Formatting
Normally the result will be a number, but this can be formatted to show the actual
day of the week by using Format,Cells,Number,Custom and using the code ddd or dddd.

Fixed
What Does It Do ?
This function converts a numeric value to text.
During the conversion the value can be rounded to a specific number of decimal places,
and commas can be inserted at the 1,000's.

Syntax
=FIXED(NumberToConvert,DecimalPlaces,Commas)
If DecimalPlaces places is not specified the function will assume 2.
The Commas option can be TRUE for commas or FALSE for no commas.
If the Commas is not specified the function will assume TRUE.

Formatting
No special formatting is needed.
Note that any further formatting with the Format, Cells, Number command will not have any effect.

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HlookUP
What Does It Do ?
This function scans across the column headings at the top of a table to find a specified item.
When the item is found, it then scans down the column to pick a cell entry.

Syntax
=HLOOKUP(ItemToFind,RangeToLookIn,RowToPickFrom,SortedOrUnsorted)
The ItemToFind is a single item specified by the user.
The RangeToLookIn is the range of data with the column headings at the top.
The RowToPickFrom is how far down the column the function should look to pick from.
The Sorted/Unsorted is whether the column headings are sorted. TRUE for yes, FALSE for no.

Formatting
No special formatting is needed.

Hour
What Does It Do?
The function will show the hour of the day based upon a time or a number.

Syntax
=HOUR(Number)

Formatting
The result will be shown as a normal number between 0 and 23.

IF
What Does It Do?
This function tests a condition.
If the condition is met it is considered to be TRUE.
If the condition is not met it is considered as FALSE.
Depending upon the result, one of two actions will be carried out.

Syntax
=IF(Condition,ActionIfTrue,ActionIfFalse)
The Condition is usually a test of two cells, such as A1=A2.
The ActionIfTrue and ActionIfFalse can be numbers, text or calculations.

Formatting
No special formatting is required.

Please mail your queries at: [email protected]

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Lower
What Does It Do ?
This function converts all characters in a piece of text to lower case.

Syntax
=LOWER(TextToConvert)

Formatting
No special formatting is needed.

Not
What Does It Do ?
This function performs a test to see if the test fails. (A type of reverse logic).
If the test fails, the result is TRUE.
If the test is met, then the result is FALSE.

Syntax
=NOT(TestToPerform)
The TestToPerform can be reference to cells or another calculation.

Formatting
No special formatting is needed.

Today
What Does It Do?
Use this to show the current date.

Syntax
=TODAY()

Formatting
The result will normally be displayed using the DD-MMM-YY format.

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Transpose
What Does It Do ?
This function copies data from a range, and places in it in a new range, turning it so
that the data originally in columns is now in rows, and the data originally in rows
is in columns.
The transpose range must be the same size as the original range.
The function needs to be entered as an array formula.
To enter an array formula you must first highlight all the cells where the formula is required.
Next type the formula, such as =TRANSPOSE(A1:A5).
Finally press Ctrl+Shift+Enter to confirm it.
If changes need to be made to the formula, the entire array has to be highlighted, the edits
can then be made and the Ctrl+Shift+Enter used to confirm it.

Syntax
=TRANSPOSE(Range)

Formatting
No special formatting is needed.

Upper
What Does It Do ?
This function converts all characters in a piece of text to upper case.

Syntax
=UPPER(TextToConvert)

Formatting
No special formatting is needed.

Please mail your queries at: [email protected]

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VlookUp
What Does It Do ?
This function scans down the row headings at the side of a table to find a specified item.
When the item is found, it then scans across to pick a cell entry.

Syntax
=VLOOKUP(ItemToFind,RangeToLookIn,ColumnToPickFrom,SortedOrUnsorted)
The ItemToFind is a single item specified by the user.
The RangeToLookIn is the range of data with the row headings at the left hand side.
The ColumnToPickFrom is how far across the table the function should look to pick from.
The Sorted/Unsorted is whether the column headings are sorted. TRUE for yes, FALSE for no.

Formatting
No special formatting is needed.

Please mail your queries at: [email protected]

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Mathematical Formulae
SUM
What Does It Do ?
This function adds values that have been selected and provides a sum
Can be used to add numbers, percentages, time & dates

Syntax
=SUM(value1, value 2, value ….)
Value is the cell value that needs to be added

Formatting
No special formatting is needed.

SumIf
What Does It Do ?
"Sumif" command can be used to sum up values of specific cells according to the condition placed
The values to be added can be from the same range or from a different range w.r.t to the first range given

Syntax
=SUMIF(range, criteria,[sum range] )
Value is the cell value that needs to be added

Formatting
No special formatting is needed.

ABS
What Does It Do ?
This function helps you to convert any negative or positive number to its absolute Value

Syntax
=ABS(number)

Formatting
No special formatting is needed.

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SumProduct
What Does It Do ?
This function helps you to obtain the sum of the products of the corresponding arrays of data
The values of the product of two number of each array are added up , number of arrays can be multiple

Syntax
=Sumproduct(array1, array2,...)

Formatting
No special formatting is needed.

SQRT
What Does It Do ?
This function helps you to find he square root of the given number

Syntax
=SQRT(NUMBER)

Formatting
No special formatting is needed.

Min
What Does It Do ?
This function helps you to find the least of values from a given array of values
It ignores logical Values and text

Syntax
=MIN(Number1,Number2,….)

Formatting
No special formatting is needed.

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Max
What Does It Do ?
This function helps you to find the maximum of values from a given array of values
It ignores logical Values and text
Syntax
=MAX(Number1,Number2,….)
Formatting
No special formatting is needed.

NPV
What Does It Do ?
This function arrives at the net present value based on a discount rate and series of future payments

Syntax
=NPV(rate,value 1,[value2],….)
Value 1 is the initial investment in the project while Value 2 onwards are the future payments expected

Formatting
No special formatting is needed.

IRR
What Does It Do ?
This function returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows

Syntax
=IRR(values,guess)
values are all the cash flow values, guess is the guess of discount rate as excel finds out the answer trial and error
method

Formatting
No special formatting is needed.

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STDEV
What Does It Do ?
This function gives the estimated standard deviaton from the given set of values
It ignores logical values and texts

Syntax
=STDEV(number1, number2,...)
Formatting
No special formatting is needed.

Covar
What Does It Do ?
This function gives the Covariance between two array of numbers
It ignores logical values and texts
Syntax
=COVAR(array1, array2,...)
Formatting
No special formatting is needed.

PV
What Does It Do ?
This function gives the present value of an investment, the total amount that a series of future payments is worth now

Syntax
=PV(rate, Nper,pmt,fv,type)
Rate is the interest rate per period
Nper is the total number of payment periods in an annuity
pmt is the payment made each period and cannot change over the life of an annuity
fv is the future value that is desired after the last payment
Type is 0 or 1 either at end of period or beginning of the period

Formatting
No special formatting is needed.

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FV
What Does It Do ?
This function returns the future value of an ivestment based on a periodic, constant payment and on a constant rate of
interest

Syntax
=FV(rate, Nper,pmt,[pv],type)
Rate is the interest rate per period
Nper is the total number of payment periods in an annuity
pmt is the payment made each period and cannot change over the life of an annuity
pv is the present value that a series of future payments is worth right now
Type is 0 or 1 either at end of period or beginning of the period

Formatting
No special formatting is needed.

Please mail your queries at: [email protected]