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University of Ulsan IT Service

This document discusses embedded operating systems and provides an overview of Linux as an embedded OS. It describes what constitutes an embedded OS and real-time OS and lists some key players in the embedded OS market like Wind River Systems, QNX Software Systems, and Green Hills Software. The document also outlines various commercial and open source embedded Linux distributions and the types of devices they are used in, such as set top boxes, handheld devices, robots, and network cameras.

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101 views

University of Ulsan IT Service

This document discusses embedded operating systems and provides an overview of Linux as an embedded OS. It describes what constitutes an embedded OS and real-time OS and lists some key players in the embedded OS market like Wind River Systems, QNX Software Systems, and Green Hills Software. The document also outlines various commercial and open source embedded Linux distributions and the types of devices they are used in, such as set top boxes, handheld devices, robots, and network cameras.

Uploaded by

cind1810
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Ulsan IT Service

Agenda
What is an embedded Operating System
Who are the players
Linux as an embedded OS
Tools and development
Applications and products
The embedded OS market
Embedded OS Resources
OS Flavors
Desktop
Windows (9X, XP Home, XP/2000 Pro)
Mac
Server
Windows (XP/2000 Server &Advanced Server)
Unix Varieties
Embedded
Many
What is an Embedded OS?
An "embedded system" is any computer system or
computing device that performs a dedicated function or is
designed for use with a specific embedded software
application.

Embedded systems may use a ROM-based operating


system or they may use a disk-based system, like a PC. But
an embedded system is not usable as a commercially
viable substitute for general purpose computers or
devices.
What makes a good Embedded OS?
Modular
Scalable
Configurable
Small footprint
CPU support
Device drivers
etc, etc, etc...
What is Real Time?
“A real time system is one in which the correctness of
the computations not only depends upon the logical
correctness of the computation but also upon the
time at which the result is produced. If the timing
constraints of the system are not met, system failure
is said to have occurred.”

- Donald Gillies
What is Real Time?
“Real time in operating systems:

The ability of the operating system to provide a


required level of service in a bounded response time.”

- POSIX Standard 1003.1


What makes a good RTOS?
Multi-threaded and pre-emptible
Thread priority has to exist because no deadline
driven OS exists
Must support predictable thread synchronization
mechanisms
A system of priority inheritance must exist
Who are the Embedded OS players?
Wind River Systems
VxWorks
pSOS
QNX Software Systems
QNX
Green Hills Software
Integrity
Who are the Embedded OS players?
Mentor Graphics
VRTX
Palm Computing
PalmOS
Symbian
SymbianOS
Microsoft
Embedded NT/XP
“Real-time” control
Windows CE (CE.NET)
Internet devices
Pocket PC 2002
Handheld PC’s and PDA’s
Commercial Embedded Linux
AMIRIX Embedded Linux
derived from Debian
Coollogic Coollinux
combines Linux and Java for Internet apps
Coventive Xlinux
kernel can be as small as 143KB
Esfia RedBlue Linux
400K, designed for wireless apps
Commercial Embedded Linux
KYZO Pizza Box Linux
SAMBA based file, print, CD server
Lineo Embedix
supports real time and high availability apps
LynuxWorks BlueCat
general purpose embedded solution
MontaVista Linux
general purpose embedded solution
Commercial Embedded Linux
Neoware NeoLinux
Red Hat derived for information appliances
PalmPalm Tynux
Internet appliuance and multimedia
Red Hat Embedded Linux
general purpose embedded solution
RedSonic Red-Ice Linux
runs from DiskonChip or CompactFlash
Commercial Embedded Linux
RidgeRun DSP Linux
for multimedia, wireless, RT on DSP
TimeSys Linux GPL
low latency enhanced kernel
Tuxia TASTE
distro targets Internet appliances
Vital Systems vLinux
for ARM based embedded apps
Open Source Embedded Linux
Embedded Debian Project
convert Debian to an embedded OS
ETLinux
for PC104 SBC’s
uCLinux
for microprocessors that don’t have MM
uLinux (muLinux)
distro fits on a single floppy
Commercial Linux RTOS

FSMLabs - Open RT Linux


Lineo - Embedix Realtime
LynuxWorks - BlueCat RT
MontaVista Software - Real Time Extensions
REDSonic - REDICE Linux
TimeSys - Linux/Real-Time
Open Source Linux RTOS

ART Linux - real time extension based on RTLinux


KURT - event schedules with 10us resolution
Linux-SRT - for soft real time apps like multimedia
Qlinux - provides Quality of Service guarantees
RTAI - “hard” Real Time Application Interface
RTLinux
A “hard real-time” mini operating system
runs Linux as it’s lowest priority execution thread
Linux thread completely preemptible
Real time threads and interrupt handlers never
delayed by non-realtime operations
Supports user level programming
MiniRTL implementation fits on a floppy
What’s so special about Linux?
Multiple choices vs. sole source
Source code freely available
Robust and reliable
Modular, configurable, scalable
Superb support for networking and Internet
No runtime licenses
Large pool of skilled developers
What’s so special about Linux?
What’s special about Open Source?
What CPU’s will it run on?
Intel X86
MIPS
ARM
StrongARM
PowerPC
Hitachi SuperH
Projected Target CPU’s
Single Board Computers
 Little Board (5.75 x 8.0 in.) -- complete systems
on a single compact board, expandable with
plug-on function modules

 ISA "slot boards" (full-length, 13.8 x 4.8 in.;


half-length, 7.1 x 4.8 in.) -- IBM PC plug-in cards
which could function as standalone SBCs
backplanes)

 PC/104 modules (3.6 x 3.8 in.) -- compact,


rugged, self-stacking modules featuring a
reliable pin-and-socket board-to-board
expansion bus
Single Board Computers
with PCI

 PC/104-Plus -- PCI added to PC/104

 EBX -- PC/104-Plus added to Little Board


Target Devices
Any Development Tools Available?
QT/Embedded
Other GUI/Windowing toolkits
Arcom Control Systems
GNUPro Tools
Vendor specific
Standard Linux toolset
C or C++ for Development?
In general C is a better choice
Advanced OOP features can cause code bloat
C++ compilers can generate many routines for
a single function
Virtual methods and polymorphism slow
program launch times significantly
Size really does matter
What’s It Being Used For?
Control and Monitoring Applications
Industrial Controllers
TV Set Top Boxes (TiVO)
Handheld PDA’s
Automobile Computers
Telecomm and Networking Hardware
Myriad and sundry other uses...
Target Applications
Sharp Zaurus
Lineo Embedix
206 MHz StrongARM
64 MB DRAM 16MB Flash
3.5” display (320x240) 64K colors
Opera browser & Qtopia
QT/Embedded GUI
Cell and Web Phones
Telepong Mobile
Phone

GITWiT Mobile Aplio/PRO IP Phone


Phone
TiVO Set Top Box

Home grown port of Embedded Linux


54MHz PowerPC
Multi GB hard disk
Axis 2120 Network Camera

uCLinux
Built-in Ethernet port
100 MHz ETRAX CPU
16 MB RAM
Humanoid Robots
 Univ. of
Tokyo/Kawanda Ind.
 Dual Pentium CPU
 RT-Linux
 Height: 53 inches
 Weight: 121 lbs.
Isamu
Humanoid Robots
 HOAP

Fujitsu
RT-Linux
Height: 48 cm
Weight: 6 kg
100 units/yr
The Embedded OS Market 2001
The Embedded OS Market 2002
Growth of Embedded Linux
For Further Info
Web Sites

LinuxDevices.com
http://www.linuxdevices.com/
Embedded Linux Consortium
http://www.embedded-linux.org/index.php3
All Linux Devices
http://alllinuxdevices.com/
Embedded Linux StarGate
http://linux-embedded.com/
For Further Info
Web Sites/Magazines

Dr. Dobbs Embedded Systems


http://www.ddjembedded.com/about/

Embedded Linux Journal


http://embedded.linuxjournal.com/

Embedded Systems Programming


http://www.embedded.com/mag.htm

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